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Lecture 7

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9 views7 pages

Lecture 7

Uploaded by

jn9f7m4gc4
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CHAPTER THREE

SHOCK WAVES

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Or
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒔𝟏 𝑷𝒐𝟐
= −𝒍𝒏
𝑹 𝑷𝒐𝟏
The stagnation pressures across the shock are related to the critical areas as:

𝑃𝑜2 𝐴1∗
=
𝑃𝑜1 𝐴∗2

There is a drop in stagnation pressure across the shock wave and the ratio of stagnation
pressures across the shock provides an indication of the extent of irreversibility of the shock.
Since the stagnation pressure decreases, it follows that 𝐴1∗ is less than 𝐴∗2 .This means that the
minimum area on the upstream side is less than on the downstream side.

Example (1)
Air enters a converging–diverging nozzle at 1.0 MPa and 800 K with a negligible
velocity. For an exit Mach number of Ma = 2 and a throat area of 20 cm2, If the air flowing
through the converging–diverging nozzle experiences a normal shock wave at the nozzle exit
plane, determine the following after the shock: (a) the stagnation pressure, static pressure, static
temperature, and static density; (b) the entropy change across the shock; (c) the exit velocity; and
(d) the mass flow rate through the nozzle. Assume steady, one-dimensional, and isentropic flow
with k = 1.4 from the nozzle inlet to the shock location.

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Solution
The fluid properties at the exit of the nozzle just before the shock (denoted by subscript 1) at the
nozzle exit to be:

The fluid properties after the shock (denoted by subscript 2) . Form tables:

(d) The mass flow rate through a converging–diverging nozzle with sonic conditions at the throat
is not affected by the presence of shock waves in the nozzle. Therefore, the mass flow rate:

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Example (2)
Properties of air just upstream of a normal shock are:
Velocity=680m/s, static pressure=80kPa, static temperature=333K, determine the velocity, static
properties and stagnation properties of the gas downstream of the shock. What is the increase of
entropy?
Solution
The Mach number upstream of the shock is: 1is replaced by x and 2 is replaced by y

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Example(3)
Air is expanded from a large reservoir in which the pressure and temperature are 500 kPa and
35°C through a variable area duct. A normal shock occurs at a point in the duct where the Mach
number is 2.5. Find the pressure and temperature in the flow just downstream of the shock wave.
Downstream of the shock wave, the flow is brought to rest in another large reservoir. Find the
pressure and temperature in this reservoir .Assume that the flow is one-dimensional and
isentropic everywhere except through the shock wave.

Solution

𝑇𝑂 𝛾−1 2
=1+ 𝑀
𝑇 2

Next consider the changes across the shock wave. For air flow at Mach 2.5, normal
shock tables gives:

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Consider the flow downstream of the shock. This flow is also assumed to be isentropic so
isentropic flow relations or tables or the software give for the flow downstream of the shock
where the Mach number is 0.513:

Therefore, the downstream stagnation conditions are as follows:

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