BARCODE AUTHENTICATION, MULTI FEES GAYEWAY FOR EXAMIANION

ATTENDANCE

A Final Year Seminar Presented by

ANGEL EBUBECHUKWU ANYANWU

20191159412

Submitted to
THE DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OWERRI

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

AUGUST 2024
 Table of Contents
Cover page i

Table of contents ii

List of tables iii

List of figures iv

SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Overview
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives

SECTION TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. General Review

2.2 Related Work
2.3 Research Direction

SECTION THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Methodology
3.2 Design
3.3 Benefits (and Limitations) of the System

SECTION FOUR: CONCLUSION

4.1 Summary
4.2 Conclusion
4.3 Recommendations

LIST OF REFERENCES

SECTION ONE
INTRODUCTION
Digital payment is a way of payment which is made through digital modes. In digital payments,
payer and payee both use digital modes to send and receive money.
Barcode authentication is a technology that uses barcodes to verify and track various aspects of
fees payment and attendance.
A multi-fees gateway for examination attendance is an integrated system that combines fee
management and attendance tracking specifically for examinations.
1.4 Overview
Attendance is a concept that exists in different places like institutions, organizations, hospitals,
etc. during the start and end of the day to mark a person’s presence. In early days and even now
in many places’ attendance is recorded manually in attendance registers by calling out the names.
This results in waste of time and human effort. Also, there are many fraudulent issues that
happen when we use a register. For example, in educational institution, the teacher calls out the
names of the student’s one after the other and marks their presence after they answer. The other
way that is followed is the teacher passes the attendance sheet around the class for the students to
sign besides their names. But these methods have a major drawback where the students tend to
answer or sign for their friends who are not present for that day. These fraudulent issues may
become more frequent if the class strength is high. A solution to overcome these problems is by
using a system that will record the attendance automatically. In this direction, this paper presents
a multi-fee, barcode authentication system that records the attendance automatically.

1.5 Problem Statement

In educational institutions, admitting and authenticating students during examinations is a critical
task that directly impacts academic integrity and performance. Conventional method of
examination administration, such as manual roll calls or sign-in sheets, are time-consuming,
prone to errors, and can be easily manipulated. Additionally, the process of collecting and
managing various examination-related fees is often cumbersome and inefficient. This leads to
delays, discrepancies and impersonation.
1.6 Objectives
The aim of this research is to develop a Multi fees and Examination admittance for university
Objectives of this research is to:
 Design a software for departmental and school fees payment.
 Integrate barcode system as receipt issuance document.
 Integrate barcode authentication as a multi-fees gateway for admittance of students
during examination.
 Develop an in-person verification system for authentication of student in examination
hall.
SECTION TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
In most of the institutions, tracking student’s attendance is one of the major issues, because
attendance plays important criteria for evaluating a student’s hall ticket generation for exams
and final grade evaluation in each semester. Ghanaian schools consist of three types of
education categories; primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. Student
attendance has been recorded or tracked in manual way at most of the schools in Ghana.
Investigation on student attendance recording process in the schools has been conducted in
one of the tertiary schools in Tema Metropolis. Since the attendance does not involve any system
or application, calculation on student attendance and absenteeism remain tedious.
Even there is a tendency of wrong calculation due to human error hence it effects the student
performance at school. This brings the idea of having some automated method to track and
record student’s attendance. Therefore, automated computer-based student attendance
management system is required to assist the faculty and the lecturer for this time-consuming
process.

2.1. General Review

The use of QR code-based total generation and packages has grown to be famous in recent years,
with QR codes being diagnosed as a realistic and appealing records presentation/processing
mechanism among users around the world. The motive of the system is to broaden and enforce
any other thing authentication machine using QR codes, in addition, to create the ideal
mechanism and method that may be greater handy and practical than one-hour devices used for
similar functions. Today. The proposed version is designed to carry out login validation and
validation steps with a couple of safety and community connections. The proposed model
changed into carried out to broaden a—component identity verification gadget, in which the
second element is the person's cope, which can be accessed from a PC or cellular tool, and an
alphanumeric QR code generated this is used at one time. The password will be dispatched to the
user by way of e-mail. The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a unique 12- digit number assigned
to retail merchandise that identifies a product and the vendor. The Universal Product Code (UPC)
on a product typically appears adjacent to its barcode, the machine-readable representation of the
Universal Product Code (UPC). The UPC for a particular product is always the same. The first
six digits is the vendor unique identification. All the products that the vendor sells will have the
same first six digits in their UPCs. The next five digits identify the product. The last digit is
called the check digit. This is used to verify that the UPC for that specific product is correct.
Each time that UPC is read, typically, by a scanner reading the barcode, a calculation is done.
And, if the check digit is different compared from the one that is calculated, then the computer
knows that there is something wrong with the UPC. Fig. 1 is a pictorial diagram of a barcode
with its universal product code (UPC) (Wikipedia, 2024).
 Fig. 2.1 Pictorial Diagram of a Barcode

2.2 Related Work

Procedia Computer Science authors (Salah Elaskari, Muhammad Imran, Abdurrazag Elaskri,
Abdullah Almasoudi, 2021) implemented a barcode system that offers a convenient and cost-
effective method of tracking students’ attendance and assets in a university setting compared to
other technologies. The designed barcode system provides a simple methodology to track student
attendance and assets. It has several benefits over the manual methods including the process
takes less time and stores the data in electronic mode instead of paperwork. It is considered one
of the AIDC technologies which provides a high degree of automation, eliminates data entry
error, and improve the efficiency of enring data. The Edugate database can be used as a resource
to provides information to instructors, students, and the university administration.

2.3 Research Direction

In this system, the smart attendance system using barcode based biometric system can replace
the manual system that transformation of information can be delivered without a hitch. This
system will ease in schools/colleges to monitor the attendance of student. The system can reduce
manpower. Although there are different methods of tracking student but our system is very easy
to handle and very convenient for college/university level. This system gives time saving, easy
control and reliability.
SECTION THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Methodology
Qualitative research methodology will be adopted for this research. Qualitative research
methodology will give deeper, contextual factors that influence fee and in person verification
system for examination. This will involve data gathering through methods such as interviews,
focus groups, observations and record efficiency of the system. Materials will be collected from
books, journals, newspapers and relevant website.

3.2 Design
1. Fee Management System:
o Transparent Fee Structure: Clearly communicate fee details to students and
parents.
o Automated Reminders: Send automated reminders for fee payment deadlines.
2. Payment Gateways:
o Secure Online Payment: Implement secure online payment gateways for fee
transactions.
o Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data during transactions.
3. Attendance Integration:
o Seamless Integration: Combine fee payment and attendance tracking.
o Cross-Check Mechanism: Validate fee payment status during examination entry.
4. Transparency and Communication:
o Regular Communication: Keep students and parents informed about fee-related
matters.
o Audits and Reconciliation: Conduct periodic audits to ensure fee records match
attendance data.
5. Scalability and Adaptability:
o Scalable Architecture: Design a system that can handle a large number of
students during peak times (e.g., exam season).
o Adaptability: Consider future changes (e.g., fee structure updates) and design
flexibility.

3.2.1 System Requirements

This section involves specifying what the new system will require based on the results of the
analysis of the current system. Functions that need to solve the problems and the disadvantages
of the current system are specified as well as the outputs that are needed to be produced. The
main requirements of the new system can be categorized into the following:
 Functional Requirement
 Non-functional requirement
 Hardware requirements
 Software requirements
The system comes with a simple and easy to use interface at both the server and client side. This
makes administration of the system very easy. The graphical interface makes adaptation of the
system very easy.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Barcode Generation:
o The system should generate unique barcodes for each student, which can be
printed on their examination cards or IDs.
 2. Barcode Scanning:
o The system should support the scanning of barcodes using compatible devices
(e.g., barcode scanners or mobile devices with camera functionality).
o It should accurately read and decode barcodes within a specified range and under
various lighting conditions.
3. Student Authentication:
o The system should authenticate students by matching the scanned barcode data
with the stored student records.
o It should display the student’s details (e.g., name, student ID, course) upon
successful authentication.
4. Attendance Recording:
o The system should record the attendance of authenticated students in real-time.
o It should update the attendance database with the date, time, and location of the
scan.
5. Error Handling:
o The system should provide clear error messages for invalid or unrecognized
barcodes.
o It should allow for manual entry of student details in case of barcode scanning
issues.
6. Reporting:
o The system should generate attendance reports, including details such as the
number of students present, absent, and any discrepancies.
o It should support exporting reports in various formats (e.g., PDF, Excel).
7. User Management:
o The system should allow administrators to manage user roles and permissions,
ensuring that only authorized personnel can access and modify attendance
records.
8. Integration:
o The system should integrate with the institution’s existing student information
system to retrieve and update student records.
o It should support data synchronization to ensure consistency across different
platforms.
9. Notifications:
o The system should send notifications to students and administrators in case of any
issues or discrepancies in attendance records.
o It should support multiple notification channels (e.g., email, SMS).
10. Backup and Recovery:
o The system should regularly back up attendance data to prevent data loss.
o It should provide mechanisms for data recovery in case of system failures.

NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Performance:
 oThe system should be able to scan and authenticate barcodes quickly (e.g., within
1 second) to avoid delays during examination check-ins.
o It should handle a high volume of scans in a short period, especially at the start of
exams.
2. Security:
o Ensure that the data transmitted during barcode scanning is encrypted to protect
student information.
o Implement robust authentication mechanisms to prevent fraudulent check-ins.
3. Reliability:
o The system should have a high uptime (e.g., 99.9%) to ensure it is always
available during examination periods.
o It should be able to recover quickly from any failures or errors to minimize
disruptions.
4. Usability:
o The interface should be user-friendly and intuitive, allowing invigilators to easily
scan and verify student attendance.
o Provide clear feedback to invigilators and students on the success or failure of
scans.
5. Scalability:
o The system should be able to scale to accommodate an increasing number of
students and examinations.
o It should support integration with the institution’s existing student information
systems.
6. Maintainability:
o The system should be easy to update and maintain, with clear documentation and
support for troubleshooting.
o Implement a modular design to facilitate updates and enhancements.
7. Compliance:
o Ensure the system adheres to relevant educational and data protection regulations.
o Maintain accurate records of attendance for auditing and reporting purposes.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. Barcode Scanners:
o Handheld Barcode Scanners: These are essential for scanning student barcodes
quickly and accurately. Ensure they are compatible with the barcode format you
are using (e.g., QR codes, 1D barcodes).
o Fixed Barcode Scanners: These can be installed at entry points for automated
scanning as students enter the examination hall.
2. Computers or Tablets:
o Admin Workstations: Computers or tablets for invigilators to monitor and manage
attendance records in real-time.
o Server: A central server to host the attendance management system and database.
3. Networking Equipment:
 o Wi-Fi Routers: To ensure reliable wireless connectivity for barcode scanners and
admin workstations.
o Ethernet Cables: For wired connections to ensure stable and secure data
transmission.
4. Backup Power Supply:
o Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS): To ensure the system remains operational
during power outages.
5. Mobile Devices (Optional):
o Smartphones or Tablets: For invigilators to use mobile apps for scanning and
managing attendance if a mobile solution is implemented.
6. Storage Devices:
o External Hard Drives: For regular backups of attendance data.
o Cloud Storage: For secure and scalable data storage and backup.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. Operating System:
o Server: Windows Server, Linux (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS)
o Client: Windows 10 or later, macOS, Linux
2. Database Management System (DBMS):
o MySQL: For storing student records, attendance data, and other relevant
information.
o PostgreSQL: An alternative to MySQL, known for its robustness and scalability.
3. Web Server:
o Apache: To host the web application and handle HTTP requests.
o Nginx: An alternative to Apache, known for its high performance and low
resource consumption.
4. Programming Languages:
o Backend: PHP, Python, Java, or Node.js for server-side logic and database
interactions.
o Frontend: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript for creating a user-friendly interface.
5. Frameworks and Libraries:
o Frontend: React.js, Angular, or Vue.js for building dynamic and responsive user
interfaces.
o Backend: Laravel (PHP), Django (Python), Spring Boot (Java), or Express.js
(Node.js) for structuring the server-side application.
6. Barcode Libraries:
o Zebra Crossing (ZXing): A popular open-source library for barcode generation
and scanning.
o Barcode4J: Another library for generating barcodes in various formats.
7. Integrated Development Environment (IDE):
o Visual Studio Code: A versatile and widely-used code editor.
o NetBeans: An IDE that supports multiple programming languages and
frameworks.
 8. Version Control System:
o Git: For tracking changes in the source code and collaborating with other
developers.
o GitHub/GitLab: Platforms for hosting and managing Git repositories.
9. Security Tools:
o SSL/TLS Certificates: To encrypt data transmitted between the client and server.
o Authentication Libraries: OAuth, JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for secure user
authentication.
10. Testing Tools:
o JUnit, Selenium: For automated testing of the application.
o Postman: For API testing and debugging.
11. Backup and Recovery Software:
o Backup
3.2.2 FLOW CHART DIAGRAM

3.3 Benefits (and Limitations) of the System

Benefits of Barcode Authentication:
1. Efficiency and Accuracy:
o Benefit: Barcode authentication streamlines attendance tracking. Scanning a
barcode is quick and accurate, reducing manual errors.
o Use Case: During class sessions or examinations, teachers can swiftly verify
student presence.
 2. Reduced Proxy Attendance:
o Benefit: Barcodes are unique to each student. This prevents proxy attendance
(where someone else marks attendance on behalf of a student).
o Use Case: Ensures that only the actual student is marked present.
3. Integration with ID Cards:
o Benefit: Embedding barcodes on student ID cards allows seamless access during
scanning.
o Use Case: Students carry their ID cards, making the process convenient.
Limitations of Barcode Authentication:
1. Dependency on Physical ID Cards:
o Limitation: Requires students to carry their ID cards consistently.
o Consideration: What happens if a student forgets their ID card?
2. Barcode Scanning Infrastructure:
o Limitation: Schools need reliable barcode scanners or mobile apps.
o Consideration: Maintenance and cost implications.
3. Privacy Concerns:
o Limitation: Storing barcode data requires attention to privacy and security.
o Consideration: Protecting student information.
Benefits of Multi-Fees Gateway for Examination Attendance:
1. Streamlined Processes:
o Benefit: Combining fee payment and attendance simplifies administrative tasks.
o Use Case: During exam registration, students pay fees and are automatically
marked as eligible to take the exam.
2. Transparency for Students and Parents:
o Benefit: Clear communication about fee details and deadlines.
o Use Case: Automated reminders ensure timely payments.
3. Risk Mitigation:
o Benefit: Cross-checking fee payment status during attendance entry reduces risks.
o Use Case: Ensures that only fee-paid students participate in exams.
Limitations of multi-Fees Gateway:
1. Implementation Costs:
o Limitation: Developing and integrating a multi-fees gateway may incur
expenses.
o Consideration: Balancing costs with benefits.
2. Complexity:
o Limitation: Managing both fee payment and attendance tracking in a single
system can be complex.
o Consideration: Adequate training for staff.
3. Scalability:
o Limitation: Ensuring the system can handle a large number of students during
peak times.
o Consideration: Scalable architecture design.
SECTION FOUR
CONCLUSION
4.1 Summary
Barcode Authentication Systems
 Overview: Barcode authentication systems use unique barcodes assigned to individuals
for identification and verification purposes. These systems are widely used in various
sectors, including retail, healthcare, and education, for their simplicity and cost-
effectiveness.
 Advantages: Barcodes are easy to generate and scan, reducing the time and effort
required for manual data entry. They also minimize human errors and enhance the
accuracy of data collection.
 Challenges: Barcodes can be damaged or duplicated, leading to potential security
vulnerabilities. Ensuring the integrity and security of barcode data is crucial.
Multi-Fees Gateway Systems
 Overview: Multi-fees gateway systems facilitate the collection and management of
various types of fees through a unified platform. These systems are designed to
streamline financial transactions and improve efficiency in fee management.
 Advantages: By consolidating multiple fee types into a single platform, these systems
reduce administrative workload and minimize discrepancies in fee collection. They also
provide a convenient and user-friendly interface for students and administrators.
 Challenges: Integrating multi-fees gateways with existing financial systems can be
complex. Ensuring data security and privacy during transactions is also a significant
concern.
Integration of Barcode Authentication and Multi-Fees Gateway
 Benefits: Combining barcode authentication with a multi-fees gateway can enhance the
overall efficiency and security of examination attendance and fee management. This
integrated approach ensures accurate attendance tracking and streamlined fee collection.
 User Experience: Studies have shown that systems integrating multiple functionalities
tend to improve user satisfaction by providing a seamless and cohesive experience.
 Implementation: Successful implementation requires careful planning, adequate training
for users, and robust security measures to protect sensitive data

4.2 Conclusion
Barcode Authentication Conclusion:
 In the context of student attendance, barcode authentication offers an efficient
and accurate way to track students’ presence during classes and examinations.
 The research conducted in this area focused on developing a web-based
application that captures attendance details using barcode technology.
Key findings and conclusions:
 The system successfully utilizes barcode scanning to record
attendance.
 It addresses the demand for effective attendance management in
educational institutions.
 By automating the process, it minimizes errors and ensures compliance
with attendance requirements.
 The system aligns with the original aim and specifications.
Multi-Fees Gateway for Examination Attendance Conclusion:
 Combining fee management and attendance tracking streamlines
administrative tasks during examinations.
Key findings and conclusions:
 The system integrates fee payment and attendance recording seamlessly.
 Transparency is enhanced, allowing students and parents to track fee
payments and attendance status.
 The system contributes to efficient examination processes by ensuring that
only fee-paid students participate.

4.3 Recommendations
Barcode Authentication Recommendations:
o User-Friendly Design:
 Ensure that the barcode scanning process is intuitive for both students and
staff.
 Opt for clear instructions and minimal steps during authentication.
 o Robust Barcode Generation:
 Generate unique barcodes for each student to prevent duplication.
 Use secure algorithms to create the barcodes.
o Integration with Student ID Cards:
 Embed barcodes on student ID cards for easy access.
 Regularly update and validate the ID card database.
o Testing and Calibration:
 Regularly test barcode scanners for accuracy.
 Calibrate scanners to handle variations in lighting and angles.
o Backup Systems:
 Have backup methods (e.g., manual attendance sheets) in case of technical
issues.
 Train staff on alternative procedures.
Multi-Fees Gateway Recommendations:
o Transparent Fee Structure:
 Clearly communicate fee details to students and parents.
 Provide a breakdown of examination-related fees.
o Automated Reminders:
 Send automated reminders for fee payment deadlines.
 Use email or SMS notifications.
o Secure Payment Gateways:
 Implement secure online payment gateways.
 Encrypt sensitive data during transactions.
o Attendance Integration:
 Seamlessly integrate fee payment and attendance tracking.
 Cross-check fee payment status during examination entry.
o Regular Audits:
 Conduct periodic audits to ensure fee records match attendance data.
  Address discrepancies promptly.

LIST OF REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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