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CHEM201 ORGANIC
From Ibrahim Ali
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CHEM201 ORGANIC
From Ibrahim Ali
Uploaded by
ibrahimaliibrahim6998
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VEFAOD VWOYPH -yywyS op ul SU0449%) snob aut eM Goswys 14 speed F862 ahah waah wap Voge EPemodwen v.04) sD FS up 51 EMD 20630) go "YP sYvnodwos spa 30 mISdoy)" guy BINDVES WAY Sh syyCarhan forms four Cava( mm AS bands . fr 4 GR > QR \ Kew on ty tovee eaveven & bonds ave reed the Carbo atom Can howe! either a ative Charge se 4 post Eine charge: — Carbantons 57 “three Covalent bonds te Carbon and 4 Wega Hive charge: Pek | —Carbecahion ,~ three cavalent bonds to Carbo and 4g postive Charge: ew A By ) QRPolar Cavolent Bonds Comporrods Sac as LiF ti Aiee bond B Gabe Cwo aboot © Lvey (ge cle d oegpstivtly ches cle von which willy ence XP EEC es @ COPY Sfer OF wlectrons, giving the Comp ound an jewse bord: feeone ga" tn Molecules which ¢ vty dilevences ore not (ys Mr Whit wey are the Stove, (af ethore, qe, oF Such a lave Carbon = Cambor bons Itye electrons ave Sha ced equally between the atoms: iy trace |0 Grn Covalent bord: Heres ff |-clecteonegativity (ferences ent [between £00 bored atoms, anc they jave 6% Lovage, tre elecbrons qre nek Shaved “eq tently and polss Covaled bond 1S the result: An -eeample &€ Sala Polar Covegltal bond ty tee one bs Methansl, cH OH The methane ( mvalecule has a pyrt- Tally Pos thie -end ond o Partially nesatve endl fis LE iso cli pale, awd tt fas 9 dipole moment: ~vee BO OF pol west Toe es can be Syorbe Coe es aa 9 ne at 6 He KEGAML< oe cow M & cH, OH Poles covelent bounds Slough, uence tee PhySical proper Gs and Wweky oF melealess fy Mant ‘ ive the head | \ Tay « cases, these polar Covalent hanes ave par€ OF FuecQional EO UPS: In geseral a malecsle With Aipale momen€ iS 4 palye moleatle Aciaiy fadeGre the Leen Apole moment: b) Stale the WiC He cipole mioment Bn) fassy the Follow ny male calenmsto Poloc melec uber and none pslar one cle Ko cHelg Gd Ecly OY C3 Ch ; 2 chass- or CRAIN (uF the Chas 34) Ex orn : : TG CaAiOn , qucestion Ga) abore: apr Moleculss Sbractaee ane phy: teal FaPeEW (Les ‘Cec The bouelae god sbrin luca feaere | % 4 aes st a \ ays teal jpeoperQes they.e( Hees oF “ Composere( . porn, bo fey painG, catub! Wy Ofer gwe an ideaghoul Ie wre BEM Compouncl: Siantlacl Siu hare ri nent fe we oo of Papen Ves Can be Peel chef! “The. physreat plopes (Les @( 9 Comp ond Aevens( upen We nage beer amt nokwce of ohoms coms iiag ‘ts skeackucak wi ( abso ow We nokure Vf facces Walchoy (were Mats age oer: fn the case fF fonte Compe We ios Moye postive Gnd negoulive sow Ane lowads, lave Ward tugethee by strora -elect- yoskakic fortes: Hovtevexs, Ty Covel leak compounds, Soe wale cles are hehe Kogetiver Inkecmoleculge far ces. freee itis lecstlye (or cxh apse thre physhor) properLies Of Me endo uncl& @Intermmeculsr forces VE Mikro ctions oekeieen miletay ore arti calacl renpe tart My PS and (ards: SAAS © Con hes A525 [gov ns Nine mnelearler hee Continous ly ww Gonkact with “each ) Sher HE MLE ag Do HAS, bal poreks, and Solubittes ap “ors vss Compounds show fhe effe 5 DE Hvese forces The three maior inter rales (or Forces aves Vy) the dipale- Kipole eek og palae vy tee, Londen C45 0 Sten) forces thet ake t oll nalecules ny Ae Wydeegen Joeads thot Wak male cules faring —OM or NHK grees Dipole dale forces ave genera lly aktra chive thtermectlar Kerces 1¥- urting From Me obkrackion OF the post: Zz ancl negative ends aK ee dipole moments of pala molecules: Consider thre xanyple, OF chieritcthana Which has a permanent i pole yt + > - Ned FPS tS h CH, CO Keg Cig Cl mol aol. she x os cbipoted ipale WheractionsEEE The London Nignersion Force alse <5 from Femporacy “Kole moment § het are Induced gig molecsle by Other Vearby malectles: This UO cackue, force ends m clese Surface @utag ck o¢ two malecules, $0 EIS PEMGI proportional te molecular Surface ove" Hydmyen Bonds A Rdeogen rn (nat a tee bond but a Par Kale Secon Wpole -eb pate atraction: Hydrogen Gerding Cemul ls When ¢ Ryedlergen atom is cobalently bendesl 44 Sfeonshy aleckorness NO atom Such a5 eRYg eH, aGrogen oF Fluovioe: a woo a UN H—9-CHy RON ety cam metrane ( mutha bap fe Kydes oy, we yee Se, pe wv oneand ibs << Xs om phyc} . Physical preporee OE onilecul-es « a) Boiling por The. fovibeag PEK OF 4 Subslornc depends on ‘tes maoletulye Skeuchen Ig homal9 gous SEMS, The b: Neg | ; : vi blag points oF Awe Compounds increas wih fe increase WW abe YWumber Of Grbun ctems Cor Mebeclor Wes KO. Pree Jncvease W Warling Potok wait mote ~ far WaghE Con FE attri bwtedl fe cvenséd London Crees Ff altace Cen between larger maleca les: Ama psaomericn malecules, Sen ee Morac hed Iserner ty near one toe u s tended in Shape, has {nv aviation b wrolec bi, —~ or st Wy brag Py hence € yer Surface wen ad compared te re brane Weel Somvecs: Thd, he Le in THE Landen Greed Oe skenge dabranched ramen Ceaskhy 4° naaer oeibing pont for this isomer.The polarity atgects vs WE COMCHY, ny BEcot. When — A Campounc( alse sone Shnge be Oubes having the polar malt ire See, the mare fooriny Pov 1, has the, Wigher 7% CH, KE cH, ac Hy Sowell Neg 5 pre pere Polar maleate room phar swtbecale BE = 244.45 Ope 23k War = 4G Mut = EF Mostols hw Mnwoer ally igh bv hes a5 Compared to fe other Compotin dl Points oF COMPIr able molecular Welaht or Size. for example, ethensl (CHa CH,O8, Which has Same malec ular formula 96 Trak of chevy ether, (as Nee boiling pois 351k due 4 Wydcogen toondi ny: nia Ha 67 OH Subea enacting a! badeayen bonding roegboreadehysle ach “s ine — us con be explained or , @se “ Wye \ Jeewlar hydegen & OS teermaleclor hliegen bon Gis Og \ ze im y-bdraryboenzah dite be = 523K Dthe Melting point The twekticd eoink Inccesses WIth the Merense in ie, molecular Weight This Can be explained die to Increase ty fre Londen forces between the larger mole— cules a¢ Wigher molecular weight na hamelegens Series tre higher the malecrlae Weight, te Leger wile the matecules ard the Sneaker Will be the oy contac’ hekWeen Me i aren ence the greater wot malecates and be the London for ces: The Londen far-es ators ‘he on ewes faving Geld warbler OF Carbon akems ore Wester than these in the malecules having een HUMber Of Carbon atems-in alkanes. shis 15 lrorauso the molecule hata oddNumer OF C, ow ve F Carbon otoms de vet nan ‘0 We ceystal lattce 98 IM Pee ko these of He ayeanes | Wai aning en nunrber of Carbon 4 ooo The branching @. mn tre Car bor chan iter feres wie, SS eaalor pacer OF Fe mokecules hy the coystak 5 teak branched cha a ay We dyocavb or {> Wave lower Mes gant then jssmers: fy che Steaglst chain cz CHCHOLE MS CK Lucy butane g_metryflgeoponre md. fee me: ere Nok 58 | Wa 53 | Leical molecules eee Syonre more 205: Wf ha ahe Cytol <° and Wave “Wigher melOny posts: a CH, HR My ch eyes cy Petar me tds Joop HBR nomen wa 2 7 mie USK ga-dinetos| (pet veg 27KAne trans 389M bos ws, Symenvetiicad, Fits bette. whe \ 3 skal Lattice Pan the lope ~ Keah cis-isomers hus ae nay ¢ ; 7 Fe teens— ised nts ta The nature Bf Soe Lanctime 3 °eups resent Wa MO cule also esfects af phystak pope ties lhen the Lunct- Sonal yor is SMW thek U tro duces polar’ and hence leads te 4 Perm— anenk “hipale- dipole Gores sf ate Pack between Awe potar molec 25, Hoey Show higher mvetting points fron The non palac mvoleccles of Comparable wmotecatac weights: Ee tent ng on melting point ¥ sort:i © Solubility W dete sorinnea th Covalent connor ds solutilely of \ the rule af that % (i M \ es Aissalve (ices Stwex «hee “ 4 GOLSY Compound, is 4 georl solved for pe {as Comps buck 35 P2Y Solvent for lye ocue bores whieh ave yorepelae dn ech Thus he hydro cacbews yen Ky scale vs othee Vapor Car hors oe Oy yay polo Solveat With a8 bercene eter @68 6 argo © Segoe Conger eh awe goth « pekar and 4 won polar PVC K) reir SobatiGly with depend wpa fre lbalawce Gehween the Feve Paci CHC Hy OM EW, 0 OLOLA OK Co wen pot fs the size af he of the molecule cress cane pola cn 505, Us So (aby Wy in Water le creases . ( _ the Salubdity MF organ Compounds Sw Waker alse depends on the ceglent 9 luicen SC hydrogen Sanshiey Possible bed & UF |Sufeele ove (he (ve Vonraall af Me overnbes (ne eeaber ye ake hranchiog Hf Mee Mem Me Win ene Eby ae 5 failing pocnt ote J , fo hluc vere (eb, 9) Sloe camper Wie cune lac phic Caney porte iE 7 : ; cate L 40 Wate Age Wigh ee topilt thy ai Cr cA mye Yee Cadre (Hh) CMa) ff or NNO on “ A) may ve © Aa ov Woe ont a\ GEN Componnd would you expert 4 Co awe The iaich ue > Pet Popane ~ "3 hes mel ong Pont, Yowr ns ETS Epler © Mrromepe the Goltawing Compennds acce- hag 49 there expected belling Points, WH eee bas poink ics Momd eeptaia nowler Ca Aon re ~~ oO A B cf y) 2) ON A A G) Incicate on went ~ » . —thak is cnore Soluble (a a “ CB Chg Hx 9 CHAM, or Chg CH, CHCH HY G& CAZCENK ER, or Cig CH CH, CH, © CoiscHaOH we CHACHA CHa OF ° O bre ~ 3b 8
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