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Lesson 1 (part 1)

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20 views10 pages

Lesson 1 (part 1)

Uploaded by

Adil Kiloi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 1 : Word Classes (Parts of speech)

Time: 1h:30

Why learn about parts of speech? This first lesson is here to facilitate for
you the understanding of parts of speech and help you determine how
words function in a sentence and ultimately, enable you to construct
sentences.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to use parts of speech
appropriately. You will be able to distinguish between the adverb and
the adjectives. You will also know when to put an article and how?
Besides, you will gain knowledge on English interjunctions and be able
to use them in conversation!

The text below is a part of a complaint letter. Read the text and color the word classes (parts of
speech) according to the color-coded example sentence.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to express my dismay at the service at your Eden Hill branch on Saturday 14 January.

I often collect prescriptions from the pharmacy on behalf of my grandmother, Mrs Elaine Bingham. On this
occasion there were two prescriptions: one for 10 x 50 mg Kendomol and one for 50 x 100 mg Leoprone. I was
served quickly even though there appeared to be only one pharmacist on duty. However, as I was leaving I saw
that I had been given 500 mg tablets of Kendomol. This is ten times stronger than the prescription called for.

What Are the Parts of Speech?


Parts of speech are adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, determiners, interjections, nouns,
prepositions, pronouns, and verbs. (These are also known as "word classes.")

A "part of speech" is a category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic
functions. In English, the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb,
adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. (Oxford Dictionary).
The Nine Parts of Speech

Here is an explanation for each part of speech with examples:

Nouns
Today we’re going to learn about nouns. Nouns are a type of word. We use them
to name things. Words that name people and places are also nouns.
See the picture bellow.
The girl and the boy read together.

Who are the people in this sentence? (girl, boy).

Circle “girl” and “boy.”

These two words are nouns. They name people

Another example of a noun that names a person is a teacher. Or doctor.

Can you think of any other people nouns?


2. Nouns can also be words that name places.

We drove from school to the


library.

What are the places in this sentence? (school, library)

Circle, “school” and


“library.”

These two words are also nouns. They name places.

Another example of a noun that names a place is a grocery store.

Can you think of any other place?


nouns?”
3. Nouns can also be words that name things.

See the following


sentence

I forgot my backpack and my coat.

What are the things in this sentence? (backpack, coat)”

Circle “backpack” and “coat.”

These two words are also nouns. They name things.

Other examples of nouns that name a thing are ‘book’ and ‘pencil’

Can you think of any other thing nouns?”

To understand nouns and to see if you grasped the above grammar


explanations, try to do the following activity (20min).
2. Adjectives

What is the city you like the most? Why?

See the following


sentences:
-Oran is a nice city.

-She was an angry lady.

-It will be a cold night.

What are the words behind the nouns “Oran”, “lady”,


“night”
They are adjectives.

What is an adjective?
Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

Adjectives help us to create vivid images about people, places, or things. The words "Oran,"
"lady," and "night" are nouns. So, adjectives are words that describe nouns.

Put the adjective in each picture

To test your understanding of adjectives, do the following activity (30min).

Complete the opinions below with the following adjectives:


If you want to read and understand further about adjectives, visit the following
website:

https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adjectives-for-kids.htm

3. Verbs

Watch the first part of the following video and describe the actions.

You have transcript in the video, pick up the main actions


video.

-You hear
-Listen!
-The kitten is scared.
-Take a look.
-Look
-Should I call 991?
-I cannot leave him alone.
-I am climbing up the ladder.
-I cannot touch him.
-You should slow down.
-You should wear cloves.
-Throw them to me.
-Catch ya.
-Pet him on his head.
-Came down.

What is a verb ?

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

A verb is the most important word in a sentence. A verb shows action or


being (existence).

 action: take, write, run, select, show, call


 existence: be (am, is, are, was, were)

Every sentence must also have a subject. The subject is the noun or
pronoun that does the action of the verb.

In the following paragraph, the subject of each sentence is bolded and the
verb is bolded in green color

My name is Keith. I am a student at Washington High School. My best


friend is John. He lives about two blocks from our school. His family moved
here about five years ago. John and I are in the eleventh grade. We will
graduate next year.

Remember

A sentence that does not have a subject or a verb is called a sentence fragment.

 Fragment: The president of the U.S. in the White House.


 Correct: The president of the U.S. lives in the White House.
 Fragment: Is very hot in New York City in July.
 Correct: It is very hot in New York City in July.

fragment: a piece or part of something, incomplete

The verb in a sentence can be more than one word.

 1 word: I cook eggs for breakfast every morning.


 2 words: I am cooking scrambled eggs now.
 2 words: I can cook eggs with cheese and tomatoes.
 2 words: I do not cook eggs with meat.
 2 words: I did not cook eggs with meat yesterday.

A sentence can have more than one verb.

 1 Verb: The assistant answered the phone


 2 Verbs: The assistant answered the phone and wrote a message.
 3 Verb: The assistant answered the phone, wrote a message, and
gave it to Mary.

Sentences that are commands (imperative) do not have a written subject:


Open the door, please. The subject (you) is understood.

To well understand the verb lesson, go back to the above video, Watch
the second part and do the following activity (15min):

Pick up verbs and divide them into action verbs and state of being verbs:

Action verbs State of being verbs


- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -

After you have learnt about nouns, verbs and adjectives, test your grammar knowledge
in doing the following activity (10min):

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