1.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1. What are the postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom? Discuss the
importance of this model to explain various series of line spectra in hydrogen
atom? Bohr’s postulates Advantages & disadvantages?
Ans. Postulates:
1.The electrons are revolves around the nucleus in a fixed circular paths is called …………...
2. These orbits are denoted by ……………….… or 1, 2, 3, 4…….
3. As long as electron revolves in a particular orbit it does not lose or gain energy.
These orbits are called ……………...
4. The angular momentum of electron is always integral multiple of …….. it is given by ………
5. The energy difference between two levels ………………….
Hydrogen Spectrum:-
The excited electron comes from higher energy level to different energy levels. 5
types of spectral lines are formed

Series n1 n2 Region
Lyman series …… …… ……
Balmer series …… …… ……

Paschen series …… …… ……
Bracket series …… …… ……
Pfund series …… …… ……

Advantages:
1. It explains …………… of atom
2. It explains line spectrum of ………….. species.
Dis- advantages:
1. It can not explain the spectra of ……………………species.
2. It failed to explain ……………. and …………. effect.
It failed to explain ……………. of electrons.
2. How are the quantum numbers n,l and m, s arrived at ? Explain the significance of these
quantum numbers?
Ans. Quantum numbers are 4 types
1. Principal quantum number
2. Azimutal Quantum number
3. Magnetic Quantum number
4. Spin Quantum number
I. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER :-(n)
1. It was proposed by ………...
2. It was denoted by ……….
3. The value of n are …………….(or) K,L,M,N….. respectively.
4. The maximum no. of electrons in an orbit = …………..
 5. Significance: It indicates the …………………… of the orbit.
II. AZIMUTHAL QUANTUM NUMBER ( l ) :-
1. It was proposed by ……………...
2. It was denoted by ………’
3. The value of l depends on ……….
4. The no. of sub shell in an energy level =………...
5. The l values are o, 1, 2, 3, ….. the sub shells are s, p, d, f….
5. Significance: It indicates the …………… of orbitals.
III MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER (m) :-
1. It was proposed by ………………...
2. It was denoted by ………..
3. The values of ‘m’ are from ……………..including………….
4. The no of orbital’s in sub shell = ………….
5. Significance: It indicates the ………………….orbital’s in space.
IV SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER (s) :-
1. It was proposed by ………………. and ……………….
2. It was denoted by …………….
3. ‘S’ values are like …………, and …………...
4. Clock wise ……….., and anti clock wise ……….
5. Significance: It indicates the …………. of the electron.
3. Explain the Any four differences between Emission and Absorption spectrum?
Explain i) Aufbau principle ii) Hund’s Rule iii) Pauli’s principle
Ans.

Emission spectrum Absorption spectrum

1. It is formed, when the substance 1. It is formed, when the substance
……… the radiation. ………… the radiation
2. …………..are formed on the black 2. ………………….. are formed on the white
back ground. back ground.
3. It is classified in to two types. 3. It is not classified.
a. …………. spectrum,
b. Discontinuous spectrum
4. In which electron transferred from 4. In which electron transferred from
……….. energy level to ……….. energy ………… level to ……….. energy level.
level.

i) Aufbau principle: In the ground state of the atoms, the orbitals are filled with electrons in the order
of their …………………………..
1s  2 s  2 p  3s  3 p  4s  3d  4 p.............
ii) Hund’s Rule: In the degenerate orbitals , …………………… takes place when each orbital is filled
with one electron.
iii) Pauli’s Exclusion principle: ……………… electrons in an atom can have the same set of all
four quantum numbers.

2.PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION

1. Define IE1 and IE2 . Why is IE2  IE1 for a given atom ? Discuss the factors that effect IE of an
element?
Ans. FIRST IONIZATIONAL ENTHALPY: - The minimum amount of energy required to
……………………………………. from an atom is called ionization potential (IE1)
M  g   IE1  M   g   e 
SECOND IONIZATION ENTHALPY: - The minimum amount of energy required to
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 remove valency electron from an ………………………………. is called second ionization
potential (IE2)
M   g   IE2  M 2 g   e 
IE2  IE1 : IE2 is always greater than IE1 .
It is due to increase of effective ………………….. from neutral atom to uni positive ion.
IE order is IE1  IE2  IE3 ........
Influencing factors of ionization enthalpy:-
1. ATOMIC SIZE: - The atomic size increases, I.E value is ………………….
1
IE
Atomic size
2. NUCLEAR CHARGE: - Nuclear charge increases, I.E value is ……………...
IE  nuclear ch arg e
3. SHEILDING EFFECT: - Sheilding effect increases, I.E values is ………………..
1
IE 
Sheilding effect
4. PENETRATION OF ORBITALS:- Penetration of orbitals increases, I.E values is ……………….
penetration power  IE
2. What is periodic property? How do the following properties changes in a period and group?
1. Atomic size
2. Metallic Nature
3.Ionization potential (I.E)
4. Electron affinity (E.A)/Electron gain enthalpy.
5. Electro negativity (E.N)
6. Nature of oxides
Ans. Periodic property: The property of an element is ……………. at regular intervals is
called periodic property

Property In Groups In Periods

1. Atomic radius Increases Decreases
2. Metallic nature Increases Decreases
3. Ionization potential (I.E) Decreases Increases
4. Electron affinity (E.A) Decreases Increases
5. Electron negativity (E.N) Decreases Increases
6. Nature of oxides Decreases in acidic nature Increases in acidic nature
Increases in basic nature Decreases in basic nature

1. Atomic radius:
In groups: From top to bottom atomic radius ……………...
Reason: The new electron enters in to new level.
In periods: From left to right atomic radius ……………...
Reason: The new electron enters in to same level.
2. Metallic nature:
In groups: From top to bottom metallic nature ………………...
In periods: From left to right metallic nature …………………….
3. Ionization potential:
In groups: From top to bottom I.E ……………….. due to atomic size increases.
In periods: From left to right I.E ………………. due to atomic size decreases.
4. Electron affinity:
In groups: From top to bottom E.A ……………. due to atomic size increases.
In periods: From left to right E.A ……………………… due to atomic size decreases.
5. Electron negativity:
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 In groups: From top to bottom E.N ………………….. due to atomic size increases.
In periods: From left to right E.N …………………. due to atomic size decreases.
6. Nature of oxides:
i) Acidic nature:
In groups: From top to bottom acidic nature …………….
In periods From left to right acidic nature ………………..
ii) Basic nature:
In groups: From top to bottom acidic nature ……………..
In periods From left to right acidic nature ………………..
3. Write an essay on s, p, d and f block elements
Ans. The Blocks are four types
(1) s- Block (2) p- Block (3) d-Block (4) f-Block.
(1) S- Block Elements:-
1. The differentiating electron enters into ……………… are called s- block elements.
2. These are placed on ……… side of the periodic table.
3. The General electronic configuration is …………………..
4. It contains ……….. groups.
5. They are ………… , ………….. and electro positive.
(2) P- BLOCK ELEMENTS:-
1. The differentiating electron enters into …………….. are called p - block elements.
2. These are placed on ………..side of the periodic table
3. The General electronic configuration is ……………………
4. It contains …………. groups. They are from ………… to ………….
5. It contains ………….. , ……………. and metalloids.
(3) d- BLOCK ELEMENTS:-
1. The differentiating electron enters in …………..-sub shell are called d – block elements.
2. These are placed in between …… and ……-block.
3. The General electronic configuration is …………
4. It contains …… groups. They are from …….. to ……….
5. They are hard ………… & …………. Compounds.
4. f- BLOCK ELEMENTS:-
1. The differentiating electron enters in ……….-sub shell are called f – block elements.
2. These are placed at ……….. of the periodic table
3. The General electronic configuration is …………..
4. It contains 2 series: ………………… (4f) and ……………. (5f)
5. These are ……………… elements.

3.CHEMICAL BONDING
1. Explain Co – Ordinate Covalent Bond ? With example ?
Ans. 1. The bond formed by sharing of electron pair is contributed by one of the two bonded atoms is known
as ------------------.
2. The atom which donates the electron pair for sharing is called -----------------
3. While the other atom accepts the electron pair for sharing is called ----------------.
4. Donor atom must contains ------------- of electrons.
5. Acceptor atom contains ------------------ orbital
6. Co-ordinate covalent bond is represented by an arrow   
Ex: - H 3 N :  BF3   H 3 N  BF3 
2. What do you understand of Hybridization? Explain different types of hybridization involving S,
P and d orbitals.
Ans. The process of intermixing of atomic orbitals having same energy and reproduced the same
number of new hybrid orbitals are called -----------------.
Hybridisation is 3-types
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