Module 1:

Introduction – Environment in the Indian context: Concept of an ecosystem, Multidisciplinary

nature of environmental studies. Components of environment- Atmosphere, hydrosphere,
lithosphere and biosphere. Definition, scope and importance. Concept of sustainability and
sustainable development.
Question Bank
1. A branch of study whose components include biology, geology, chemistry, physics,
engineering, sociology, health, anthropology, economics, statistics, computers and
philosophy is ------------------

a) Physical science b) Natural studies

c) Behavioural studies d) Environmental studies

2. Thus most traditions refer to our environment as

a) Hydrosphere b) Atmosphere

c) ‘Mother Nature’ d) lithosphere

3. Resources which will be exhausted in the future if we continue to extract these without a
thought for subsequent generations
a) Natural resources b) Renewable resources

c) Anthropogenic resources d) Nonrenewable

resources
4. Petroleum is an example for

a) Anthropogenic resource b) Renewable resource

c) Nonrenewable resource d) Inexhaustible resource

5. Any component of natural environment utilised by man are called

a) Anthropogenic resource b) Renewable resource

c) Non renewable resource d) Natural resource.

6. Timber is an example for --------------------- resource

a) Renewable b) Non renewable resource

resources
c) Anthropogenic resource d) Non biodegradable

7. Some total of all factors that surround and potentially influence an organism is called --
-----------------------------------
a) Climate b) Weather

c) Environment. d) Biome
8. The specific place where an organism lives is called its -------------------------.

a) Climate b) Habitat

c) Weather d) Ecosystem

9. Gaseous envelope that surround earth is called

a) Hydrosphere b) Atmosphere.

c) Biosphere d) Lithosphere

10. The lowest layer of atmosphere (about 12 kilometers thick) -the only part warm enough for
living organisms to survive is called-------------------------.
a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere

c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere

11. Layer of atmosphere where ozone layer is present is called--------------------.

a) Stratosphere. b) Troposphere

c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere

12. Abiotic components of the environment consists of

a) Atmosphere b) Hydrosphere

c) Lithosphere d) All of these

13. All places of earth and atmosphere where life exists is called ----------------.

a) Ecosystem b) Biosphere.

c) Biotic community d) Hydrosphere

14. Basic unit of study in ecology or Environmental science is called -------------

a) Organism b) Population

c) Ecosystem d) Hydrosphere

15. Term used for the conditions and organisms in the immediate vicinity of a plant or animal is

a) Ecosystem d) Hydrosphere

c) Microhabitat d) Population

16. Man made ecosystems are called ------------------

a) Biome b) Landscape
 c) Anthropogenic ecosystem d) Biosphere

17. Living organisms together with physical environment forms an interaction system is
called------------------------.
a) Biome b) Landscape

c) Ecosystem d) Biotic community

18. A group of organisms that can interbreed and similar in major morphological
characterastics is called -----------
a) Species b) Community

c) Ecosystem d) Class

19. All organisms belonging to the same species living in an environmental area is called a

a) Biome b) Landscape

c) Ecosystem d) Population

20. Study of interactions between organisms and their environment is called

a) Morphology b) Ecology

c) Environmental science d) Anatomy

21. ------------------ aims to identify internal and external factors that affect the for
environmentand the organisms living in it to look for solutions environmental problems
a) Ecology b) Morphology

c) Environmental science d) Anatomy

22. Which one of the following are Institutions in Environment India

a) WWF-I b) BNHS

c) CEE d) All of these

23. Person related with Chipko movement is

a) Sunderlal Bahugna b) Medha Patkar

c) Anil Agarwal d) Madhav Gadgil

24. Which one of the following covers three quarters of the earth’s surface

a) hydrosphere b) atmosphere

c) lithosphere d) All of these

25. Major part of the hydrosphere is the --------------------ecosystem

 a) marine b) Pond

c) Estuary d) Stream

26. Human activities such as ------------------------create serious changes in the hydrosphere

a) Fisheries b) Aquaculture

c) Deforestation d) Blue revolution

27. A species that no longer exists and has no living representatives any where in the world is
called
a) Endangered b) Vulnerable

c) Extinct d) Rare

28. Present day forest cover in India is-------------------% of land area .

a) 33 b) 12

c) 67 d) 20

29. National forest policy of India was launched in the year

a) 1988 b) 1947

c) 1971 d) 1990

30. National forest policy of India recommends ------------% of forest cover for plains and --
----------------% for hilly areas
a) 22 62 b) 33 67

c) 12 22 d) 24 26

31. Percentage of water present as fresh water of the total volume of water in earth is

a) 50 b) 25

c) 10 d) 2.5

32. Which one of the following is an example for non renewable source of energy

a) Timber b) Solar energy

c) Coal d) Biogas

33. Oil powered vehicles emit

a) Oxides of carbon & nitrogen b) sulphur

dioxide
c) particulate matter d) All of these
34. Most eco friendly vehicular fuel is

a) Petrol b) CNG

c) LPG d) Ethanol

35. Leaded petrol when used as vehicular fuel leads to

.
a) Minamata disease b) Typhoid

c) Neuro damage d) Leprosy

and reduces attention spans
36. Chemical present in CNG is

a) formaldehyde b) Methane

c) Sulphur dioxide d) Acetone

37. World’s single largest contributor of green house gases and one of the most important
causes of global warming is -----------------------------
a) Coal b) Biogas

c) CNG d) LPG

38. LPG contains

a) Propane b) Isobutane

c) Butane d) All of these

39. ESP (Electro static precipitators) are used to control

a) Particulate air pollutants b) Gaseous air pollutants

c) Heavy metals d) Organic waste

40. Burning coal also produces which, combined with water vapor, to form ‘acid rain’.

a) oxides of sulphur b) oxides of nitrogen

c) oxides of sulphur and nitrogen d) Methane

41. Thermal power stations that use coal produce waste in the form of

a) Methane b) Humus

c) Detritus d) ‘fly ash’.

42. Hydropower is an example for ------------------- energy resource

a) Renewable b) Non renewable

 c) both d) None of these

43. In certain regions large dams can induce seismic activity which will result in

a) Cyclones b) El Nino

c) Earthquakes. d) La Nina

44. Solar cells are made of

a) Silicon b) Calcium

c) Iron d) Gold

45. Biogas contains

a) Ethane b) Methane

c) Sulphur dioxide d) Acetone

46. At present, India is the --------------------largest wind energy producer in the world.

a) First b) Second

c) Third d) Fourth

47. The nuclear reactors use ----------------------to produce electricity

a) Uranium 235 b) Carbon 14

c) Oxygen 18 d) All of these

48. Problem/s related to nuclear reactors

a) Accidental leakage b) Safe disposal of waste

c) Both A & B d) Not economical

49. Salinisation of soil resources takes place due to improper

a) Irrigation b) weeding

c) Both A & B d) Use of pesticides

50. Who is regarded as father of Nuclear Power development in India.

a) Dr.Abdul Kalam b) Dr.M.S. Swaminathen

c) Dr.Ramdeo Misra d) Dr. Homi Bhabha

 Question bank Answer Key- Unit 1

1. D 11. A 21. C 31. D 41. D

2. C 12. D 22. D 32. C 42. A
3. D 13. B 23. A 33. D 43. C
4. C 14. A 24. A 34. B 44. A
5. D 15. C 25. A 35. C 45. B
6. A 16. C 26. C 36. B 46. C
7. C 17. 27. C 37. A 47. A
8. B 18. 28. B 38. D 48. C
9. B 19. D 29. A 39. A 49. A
10. A 20. D 30. B 40. C 50. D
Module 2

Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources : Natural resources and associated
problems. a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber
extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources : Use and
over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and
problems. c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources : World food problems, changes caused by
agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and non
renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land resources : Land as
a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an
individual in conservation of natural resources. Carbon footprint Water conservation, rain water
harvesting, watershed management

1 …………………..is the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere as a result of the
activities of a particular individual, organization, or community

a) Carbon Footprint b) Carbon sequestration

c) Carbon economy d) Carbon reduction

2 Advanced countries produce over ……… % of global industrial waste and greenhouse gases.

a) 90 % b) 100 %

c) 65 % d) 75%

3 Which among the following is an example of extinct species?

a) Elephant b) Dodo

c) Tiger d) Peacock

4 Expand JFM

a) Journal of Forestry Management b) Journal of Forestry and Management

c) Joint Forest Management d) Joint Fort Management

5 Which of the following is a demerit of Dams?

a) Fragmentation and transformation of b) Impacts on riverine ecosystems

rivers.
c) Social consequences due to d) All the above
displacement of people.
6 Around 57% of the world’s large dams are built by …………………..

a) India & China b) India & Pakistan

 c) China & Russia d) China & America

7 Expand BNHS

a) Bombay Nature and History Society b) Banglore Natural History Society

c) Bombay Natural History Society d) Banglore Nature and History Society

8 The non-living components of the environment are called ………………. factors

a) Abiotic b) Biotic

c) Ecosystem d) None of the above

9 Which of the following is a component of Lithosphere?

a) Soil b) Stones

c) Micronutrients d) All the above

10 The management of a single unit of land with its water drainage system is called

a) Watershed management b) Watershed manager

c) Watershed maitenance d) Watershed malpractice

11 In 1998, the World Resources Institute found that the average American uses………. the
energy used by an Indian.
a) 24 times b) 50 times

c) 15 times d) 28 times

12 Name the components of unleaded fuel that are known to be carcinogenic

a) Carbon Monoxide b) Butadene

c) Carbon Dioxide d) None of the above

13 In which year the first Hydroelectric power dam was built in Appleton, Wisconsin?

a) 1982 b) 1892

c) 1882 d) 1885

14 The first hydroelectric power dams in India were built by

a) British b) Jamshedjee Tata

c) Nisam d) Shivaji

15 The Narmada Bachao Andolan in India was started as a movement against ……………. dam
 a) Sardar Sarovar dam b) Hirakud Dam

c) Bhakra Nangal Dam d) None of the above

16 The cells used to produce electricity directly from sunlight are called

a) Lithium Ion Cells b) Electric cells

c) Photovoltaic cells d) None of the above

17 The first solar powered plane called ……………. flew from Paris to England in 1981.

a) The Solar Challenger b) The Solar Trouper

c) The Solar plane d) The Solar Fighter

18 PV cells are commonly used to power the following

a) Calculators b) Satellites

c) Electrical appliances d) All the above

19 The toxic substance present in Photo Voltaic cells

a) Cadmium b) Iron

c) Silica d) None of the above

20 World’s first solar-powered hospital was opened in………………

a) Mali b) Egypt

c) United States d) India

21 Exapand NPBD

a) National Project on Biogas b) National Project on Biodiversity

Development Development
c) Natural Project on Biodiversity d) None of the above
Development
22 the energy stored within the earth is called

a) Wind energy b) Nuclear energy

c) Geothermal energy d) None of the above

23 The first large-scale nuclear power plant in the world became operational in………………

a) Bombay b) Pennsylvania

c) Berlin d) London
24 In which state deposits of thorium are found in India?

a) Kerala, TamilNadu b) Andhra Pradesh, Odisha

c) Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh d) None of the above

25 …………………….was the first to become a Nuclear Free Country

a) United States b) New Zealand

c) Sweden d) Russia

26 World Environment Day is observed on

a) July 5 b) June 5

c) January 5 d) December 5

27 Which is the first National Park in Kerala?

a) Eravikulam National Park b) Bandipur National Park

c) Jim Corbet National Park d) None of the above

28 Salim Ali Center for Ornithology and Natural History is situated at

a) Banglore b) Coimbatore

c) Thiruvananthapuram d) New Delhi

29 Who wrote the “Book of Indian Birds”?

a) Dr. Salim Ali b) Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

c) Dr. Robert Kyd d) Dr. Robert Brown

30 Which of the following is essential for Sustainable water management?

a) Building several small reservoirs b) Develop small catchment dams and

instead of few mega projects. protect
wetlands.
c) Effective rain water harvesting in d) All the above
urban
environments.
31 …………..is a combination of minerals from which a useful substance, such as a metal, can
be extracted and used to manufacture a useful product
a) Ore b) Minerals

c) Metals d) None of the above

32 The process of extraction of minerals and their ores from the earth’s interior is known
as……………
 a) Mineralogy b) Irrigation

c) Geology d) Mining

33 Name the respiratory disease caused by dust produced during mining operations

a) Pneumoconiosis. b) Asthma

c) Influensa d) None of the Above

34 Which of the following is involved in Integrated Crop Management

a) Use alternatives to inorganic fertilizers b) Uses of traditional varieties and several

different crops
c) Use alternatives to pesticides d) All the above

35 Name the anti cancer Medicine extracted from western Yew in North West America

a) Taxol b) Vincristine

c) Vinblastine d) None of the above

36 The hot molten rock deep inside the earth which produces the geothermal energy

a) Core b) Mantle

c) Magma d) None of the above

37 Name an alcohol used as biofuel

a) Tertiary Butyl Alcohol b) Normal Butyl Alcohol

c) Sterol d) Ethanol

38 The movement fought against Tehri Dam is known as

a) Narmada Bachao Andolan b) Chipko movement

c) Silent Valley Movement d) None of the above

39 Give the full form of CNG

a) Compressed natural gas b) Commissioned natural gas

c) Central natural gas d) None of the above

40 Which of the following is a green house gas?

a) Methane b) Oxygen

c) Nitrogen d) None of the above

41 What is the major waste from Thermal Power stations

a) Plastic b) Fly Ash

c) Oxygen d) None of the above

42 Name the place where major oil reserve found in India

a) Kolkata b) Hyderabad

c) Mumbai d) Gujarat

43 ……………..includes preserving pest predators, using pest resistant seed varieties and
reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.
a) Integrated Pest Management b) Integrated Waste Management

c) Integrated Pet Management d) None of the above

44 Expand FAO

a) Food and Agriculture Organization b) Food and Aquaculture Organization

c) Food and Aquatic Organization d) None of the above

45 ‘Human development index’ constitute the following

a) Increased longevity b) An increase in knowledge

c) An enhancement of income. d) All the above

46 The lowest layer of earth’s atmosphere

a) Troposphere b) Stratosphere

c) Mesosphere d) Thermosphere

47 Expand BSI

a) Botanical Survey of India b) Botany and Survey of India

c) Botanical Society of India d) None of the above

48 Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is located at ………………………

a) New Delhi b) Mumbai

c) Cochin d) Dehradun:

49 Who wrote the book called “Silent Spring”

a) Rachel Carson b) EO Wilson

 c) Charles Darwin d) None of the above

50 India has an approximate ………. % of its land under forests

a) 15 % b) 20 %

c) 12 % d) 25%

Question bank Answer Key- Unit 2

1. A 11. A 21. A 31. A 41. B

2. D 12. B 22. C 32. D 42. C
3. B 13. C 23. B 33. A 43. A
4. C 14. 24. A 34. D 44. A
5. D 15. A 25. C 35. A 45. D
6. A 16. C 26. B 36. C 46. A
7. 17. A 27. A 37. D 47. A
8. 18. D 28. C 38. B 48. D
9. 19. A 29. A 39. 49. A
10. A 20. A 30. D 40. A 50.
Module 3

Structure and function of an ecosystem. • Producers, consumers and decomposers. •Energy flow in the
ecosystem. • Ecological succession. • Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. • Introduction,
types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem :- a. Forest ecosystem
b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers,
oceans, estuaries)

Question Bank- AUDIT COURSE UG S1

MODULE 3: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF AN ECOSYSTEM

1. Which among the following an example for biotic component of an ecosystem

a) Animals b) Non living components

c) Soil of ecosystem d) Sunlight

2. An ecosystem consists

a) Biotic component b) Abiotic component

Interaction between living and
c) d) All the above
non living organisms
3. The abiotic component of an ecosystem is

a) soil b) Water

c) air d) All the above

4. The region of earth that can support life is called

a) Lithosphere b) Atmosphere

c) Biosphere d) Atmosphere
The living community of an area together with its non living environment is
5.
called
a) Biosphere b) Ecosystem

c) Ecological realm d) All the above

6. Which among the following is an example for natural ecosystem

a) Aquarium b) Paddy field

c) Forest d) Home garden

7. Which among the following is an example for artificial ecosystem

a) grassland b) Pond
 c) Forest d) Home garden

8. Which among the following is a function of an ecosystem

a) Herbivory b) Carnivory

c) Energy fixation d) All the above

9. Name the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem

a) Sun b) Moon

c) Lightning d) Plants

10. Which among the following are producers of an ecosystem

a) Plants b) Animals

c) Human d) Fungi
The producers of an ecosystem depend on energy from _____ to fix organic
11.
molecules
a) Electrical energy b) Sunlight
Energy from chemical bond
c) d) All the above
breakage
12. Which among the following are the major producers of aquatic ecosystem

a) Algae b) Fungi

c) Fishes d) All the above

13. Primary consumers in an ecosystem is comprised of

a) Photosynthetic organisms b) Herbivores

c) Carnivores d) Decomposers

14. The group of organisms which exclusively feed on green plants are called

a) Herbivore b) Carnivore

c) Omnivore d) None of the above

15. Secondary consumers in an ecosystem include

a) Photosynthetic organisms b) Herbivores

c) Carnivores d) Decomposers
The group of organisms which exclusively feed on other animals for meeting
16.
their energy require are called
 Herbivore
a) b) Carnivore

c) Omnivore d) None of the above

Organisms which break down dead organic matter into simple substances are
17.
called
a) Photosynthetic organisms b) Herbivores

c) Carnivores d) Decomposers
Name the process by which the energy tied up in dead organic matter is
18.
recycled to the environment
a) Production b) Consumption

c) Decomposition d) Energy fixation

19. Which one among the following is an example for decomposer

a) Fungi b) Green plants

c) Tiger d) Grasshopper
The process by which energy in sunlight is fixed into organic molecules by
20.
green plants is called
a) Chemosynthesis b) Organic synthesis

c) Photosynthesis d) None of the above

21. Which among the following is a by product of photosynthesis

a) H 2O b) CO2

c) O2 d) C
The complex interlinked network showing the flow of energy through an
22.
ecosystem is called
a) A food chain b) A food web

c) Energy circuit d) None of the above

23. The base of every energy pyramids of an ecosystem is occupied by

a) Producer b) Consumer

c) Decomposer d) Detritivore

24. The position of human beings in an ecological pyramid is at the

a) Base of a pyramid b) Middle of a pyramid

Man is not part of an ecological
c) Apex of a pyramid d)
pyramids
25. In an energy pyramid of an ecosystem, as one moves up the pyramid energy

a) Increases b) Decreases

c) Stays constant d) Has unpredictable nature

26. Energy available to herbivores are _____ than carnivores

a) Higher b) Lower

c) Equal d) None of the above

The process of development of a natural community in a previously
27.
unoccupied area is called
a) Ecosystem b) Ecological succession

c) Invasion d) Ecological degradation

The first community to occupy a bare land in an ecological succession is called
28.
a
a) Pioneer community b) Seral stage

c) Climax community d) All the above

The final more or less stable stage produced at the end of an ecological
29.
succession is called a
a) Pioneer community b) Seral stage

c) Climax community d) None of the above

30. Inter connected food chains in an ecosystem is called a

a) Internet b) Food web

c) Community d) Population

31. Each step in a food chain is called a

a) Seral stage b) Ecological pyramid

c) Trophic level d) Niche

32. Which trophic level of a food chain is occupied by green plants

a) 1 b) 2

c) 3 d) 0

33. Which trophic level of a food chain is occupied by herbivores

a) 1 b) 2
 c) 3 d) 4

34. Algae can be found in ____ trophic level in a aquatic community

a) 0 b) 1

c) 2 d) 3

35. Energy of which trophic level is found to be highest

a) 1 b) 2

c) 3 d) 4
Which among the following forest type is characteristic of Himalayan region
36.
of India
a) Coniferous forest b) Broad leaved forest

c) Evergreen forest d) Dry deciduous forest

37. Regions with high annual rainfall are characterised by

a) Coniferous forest b) Deciduous forest

c) Evergreen forest d) Thorny forest

Regions with moderate annual rainfall for a few months of a year is
38.
characterised by
a) Coniferous forest b) Deciduous forest

c) Evergreen forest d) Thorny forest

39. The semi arid and arid regions of India is characterised by

a) Coniferous forest b) Deciduous forest

c) Evergreen forest d) Thorny forest

40. Xerophytes are species of plants

Which require large quantities

a) b) Which live in water rich environment
of water for existence
Which are able to conserve
c) d) All the above
water

41. Which is a characteristic feature of xerophytic plants

Thick leaves with waxy
a) b) Thin walled leaves
covering
c) Large number of stomata d) Ability to excrete salt
42. Mangroove ecosystems are commonly foundi in

a) Fresh water bodies b) Salt water bodies

Regions with mix of saline and
c) d) None among the above
fresh water
43. The air breathing roots of mud banks are characteristic feature of

a) Forest ecosystem b) Mangrove ecosystem

c) Fresh water ecosystem d) All the above

44. The rolling forest found to occur on the valleys between mountains are called

a) Evergreen forest b) Shola forest

c) Deciduous forest d) Steppes

Which among the following ecosystems are known for its highest species
45.
diversity
a) Coral reef ecosystem b) Pond ecosystem

c) Grass land ecosystem d) Desert ecosystem

Which among the following is characterised by predominance of grasses and
46.
herbs and have low rainfall and poor soil depth and quality
a) Forest ecosystem b) Desert ecosystem

c) Grassland ecosystem d) All the above

47. Which among the following is not an example of semi arid ecosystem

a) Thar desert b) Great Rann of Kutch

c) Ladakh d) Western Ghats

48. Which among the following is an not example for a wetland

a) Thar desert b) Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

c) Loktak lake d) Vembanad kole land

49. Xerophytic plants are characteristic feature of

a) Forest ecosystem b) Grassland ecosystem

c) Desert ecosystem d) Aquatic ecosystems

50. If the energy supply from the sun is cut off, an aquatic ecosystem will

a) Grow indefinitely b) Remain in a stagnant state

 c) Collapse d) None of the above

Answer key Unit 3

1. a 2. d 3. d 4. c 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. d 9. a 10. a
11. b 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. c
16. b 17. d 18. c 19. a 20. c
21. c 22. b 23. a 24. c 25. b
26. b 27. b 28. a 29. c 30. b
31. c 32. a 33. b 34. b 35. a
36. a 37. c 38. b 39. d 40. c
41. a 42. c 43. b 44. b 45. a
46. c 47. d 48. a 49. c 50. c
Module 4

Biodiversity and its conservation • Introduction – Definition : genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
• Biogeographical classification of India • Value of biodiversity : consumptive use, productive use,
social, ethical, aesthetic and option values • Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. • Hot-
spots of biodiversity. • Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts.
• Endangered and endemic species of India • Conservation of biodiversity :

Question Bank: Unit 4

Part of the nature which includes the different genes among species, variety and richness of
1.
plants and animals is called ...............
a) Megadiversity b) Community diversity

c) Biodiversity d) Species diversity

2. What is the diversity between individuals in a species called?

a) Genetic diversity b) Species diversity

c) Community diversity d) Population diversity

3. Variability of the species of a community is called

a) Genetic diversity b) Species diversity

c) Community diversity d) Population diversity

4. Areas rich in biodiversity is called as

a) World heritage sites b) Ramsar sites

c) Shola forest d) Hotspots

5. What is the diversity of various plants and animals existing on earth called?

a) Genetic diversity b) Species diversity

c) Community diversity d) Ecosystem diversity

How many major regions are identified in India based on geography, climate, vegetation and
6.
animal species?
a) 9 b) 10

c) 11 d) 12

7. Which state of India has desert ecosystem?

a) Gujarat b) Punjab
 c) Rajasthan d) Maharashtra

8. Biogeographic zone covering Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala is called

a) Western Ghats b) Eastern Ghats

c) Nilgiri Biosphere d) Deccan plateau

9. Name the lowland where Himalayan rivers flow into the plains.

a) Thar b) Deccan plateau

c) Terai d) Eastern Ghats

10. The desert ecosystem found in India is called ..............

a) Thar desert b) Sahara desert

c) Gobi desert d) Kalahari desert

11. What is the episode of mass extinction in earth’s ancient history called?

a) Background extinction b) Mega extinctions

c) Anthropogenic extinction d) None of the above

12. Which of the following is the service provided by Biodiversity?

a) Recycling of nutrients b) Soil formation

Circulation and cleansing of air and
c) d) All of the above
water
13. Which of the following is not a value of Biodiversity?

a) Consumptive use value b) Productive use value

c) Social values d) Non ethical values

The direct utilisation of timber, food, fuel wood and fodder by local community is the example
14.
for
a) Consumptive use value b) Productive use value

c) Social values d) Option value

Industrial dependency on identifying compounds of economic value from wild species is
15.
known as ......................
a) Aesthetic values b) Ethical values

c) Biological prospecting d) Option value

................. is the ancient sacred site preserved by tribal people which act as a gene bank for
16.
plants.
 a) Mangroves b) Sacred groves

c) Cloud forests d) None of the above

17. Name the convention intended for protecting mega- diversity areas of the world.

a) Ramsar convention b) Earth’s summit

c) Convention on Biological Divesity d) World Heritage convention

18. Which convention is signed by India for preventing the trade of endangered species?

a) CITES b) Earth summit

c) Kyoto Protocol d) Ramsar convention

19. Which of the following is a World heritage sites in India?

a) Manas b) Kaziranga

c) Sunderbans d) All of the above

20. Which world heritage site is shared by India and Bhutan?

a) Kaziranga b) Manas

c) Sunderbans d) Bharatpur

21. In which year Biological Diversity Act enacted?

a) 2000 b) 2001

c) 2002 d) 2003

22. ................... is the World hertitage site seen in the Ganges delta in West Bengal

a) Sunderbans b) Bharatpur

c) Nandadevi d) Manas

23. Name the World heritage site seen in Himalayas.

a) Kaziranga b) Nandadevi

c) Bharatpur d) Manas

24. In which year the National Biodiversity Action Plan was formulated?

a) 2007 b) 2008

c) 2009 d) 2010
25. Which of the following are hotspots in India?

a) Eastern Himalayas b) Western Ghats

c) Both a and b d) None of the above

26. Total number of hotspots in the World is ...........

a) 17 b) 18

c) 19 d) 20

27. Name the first initiative in India for protecting the key species and its habitat.

a) Operation Rhino b) Project Elephant

c) Project Tiger d) Project crocodile

28. In which year the Government of India launched Project tiger.

a) 1973 b) 1975

c) 1976 d) 1980

29. Which among the following is an exotic species?

a) Tulsi b) Hevea

c) Eupatorium d) Helianthus

30. Kokkare Bellur, the breeding site for pelicans is situated in which state.

a) Kerala b) Karnataka

c) Tamil Nadu d) Andhra Pradesh

31. Name the National park where Asiatic lions are conserved?

a) Kaziranga National Park b) Corbett National Park

c) Silent Valley National Park d) Gir National Park

32. The species not found in a region and when introduced causes threat to biodiversity is called

a) Endemic species b) Precinctive species

c) Exotic species d) Endangered species

33. Which Act/ Bill was enacted for legal protection of endangered species?

a) Wildlife Protection Act b) Biological diversity Bill

 c) Forest Act d) None of the above

34. The conservation of organisms in their own environment is known as

a) Ex situ conservation b) In situ conservation

c) both a and b d) None of the above

35. Which among the following is an example for in situ conservation?

a) Gene Bank b) National Park

c) Boatnical garden d) Zoos

36. Number of national parks in India is............

a) 69 b) 79

c) 89 d) 99

37. Which sanctuary in India has the smallest wild boar of the world, pygmy hog?

a) Manas b) Parambikulum

c) Chinnar d) Koyna

38. Name one water- bird sanctuary in India.

a) Shendurney b) Brahmagiri

c) Bharatpur d) Periyar

39. Which sanctuary is meant for protecting coastal ecosystems?

a) Chinnar b) Chilika lake

c) Sunderbans d) Koyna

40. Name the sanctuary meant for preserving mangroves.

a) Brahmagiri b) Manas

c) Shendurney d) Sunderbans

41. Expand IUCN.

International Union for Conservation International Union for Conservation of
a) b)
of Nature Natural resources
International Union for Conservation International Union for Conservation of
c) d)
of Nature and Natural Resources Nature and National Park
42. In which year Project Elephant was launched for protecting Indian Elephants.
 a) 1982 b) 1992

c) 2002 d) 2012

43. Which Indian state has Vulture Conservation Breeding Center?

a) Haryana b) Himachal Pradesh

c) Punjab d) Gujarat

44. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity is the conservation in

a) National Parks b) Wildlife sanctuaries

c) Gene banks d) Biosphere Reserves

45. Name the crocodile breeding center in Kerala.

a) Periyar b) Neyyar

c) Parambikulum d) Chenthruni

46. Beej Bachao Andolan was originated from which part of India?

a) Himalayan foothills b) Thar Desert

c) Western Ghats d) Sunderbans

47. World’s largest nesting site for Olive Ridleys is in which state of India?

a) Bihar b) Orissa

c) Tamil Nadu d) West Bengal

48. Which national park was constituted for the protection for one horned rhinoceros?

a) Corbett b) Gir

c) Kanha d) Kaziranga

49. In which state the desert national park situated?

a) Hariyana b) Gujarat

c) Rajasthan d) Madhya Pradesh

50. Which is the first national park to be constituted in India?

a) Kaziranga b) Corbett

c) Silent Valley d) Tadoba

 Question bank Answer Key- Unit 4

1. c 11. b 21. c 31. d 41. c

2. a 12. d 22. a 32. c 42. b
3. b 13. d 23. b 33. a 43. a
4. d 14. a 24. a 34. b 44. c
5. d 15. c 25. c 35. b 45. b
6. b 16. b 26. b 36. c 46. a
7. c 17. d 27. c 37. a 47. b
8. a 18. a 28. a 38. c 48. d
9. c 19. d 29. c 39. b 49. c
10. a 20. b 30. b 40. d 50. b
Module 5

Environmental Pollution Definition • Cause, effects and control measures of :- a. Air pollution b. Water
pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards
• Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. •
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.

MODULE 5

Question Bank
1. Which of the following is a non-degradable pollutant

a) DDT b) Mercury

c) Plastics d) Discarded vegetables

2. Which of the following is a degradable pollutant

a) DDT b) Plastics

c) Discarded vegetables d) Lead

3. The Air Pollution Control Act in India was passed in

a) 1981 b) 1984

c) 1989 d) 1991

4. Which of the following is a natural cause of air pollution

a) Volcanoes b) Forest fires

c) Dust storms d) All the above

5. Small pieces of solid material dispersed into the atmosphere are called

a) Fog b) Mist

c) Particulates d) Aerosol

6. The gas which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is

a) Carbon dioxide b) Carbon monoxide

c) Sulphur dioxide d) Nitrogen

7. The number of oxygen atoms in a molecule of ozone is

 a) 1 b) 2

c) 3 d) 4

8. Depletion of ozone layer is caused by

a) Sulphur dioxide b) Nitrogen

c) Noble gases d) Chlorofluorocarbons

9. Which of the following causes ‘Greenhouse effect’?

a) Water vapour b) Carbon dioxide

c) Nitrogen oxides d) All the above

10. Bhopal gas tragedy occurred in

a) 1984 b) 1989

c) 1994 d) 1981

11. Bhopal gas tragedy was caused by

a) Ammonia b) Potassium cyanide

c) Methyl isocyanate d) Methyl cyanide

12. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant

a) Sulphuric acid b) Nitric acid

c) Carbonic acid d) All the above

13. Ozone layer protects us from

a) IR radiations b) UV radiations

c) Microwave radiations d) Gamma radiations

14. Air pollution can be controlled by

a) Reducing the use of fossil fuels b) Improving the quality of vehicular fuel

c) Increasing the use of renewable energy d) All the above

15. The percentage of the Earth’s total volume of water which is usable and easily available
to us is
a) 71% b) 3%

c) 97% d) 0.003%
16. The water that is found in streams, rivers, lakes and artificial reservoirs is called

a) Surface water b) Ground water

c) Aquifers d) Water table

17. Water that percolates into the ground and fills the pores in soil and rock is called

a) Surface water b) Ground water

c) Aquifers d) Water table

18. A source of pollution which can be identified is called

a) Point source b) Non-point source

c) Primary source d) Secondary source

19. A source of pollution which cannot be readily identified is called

a) Point source b) Non-point source

c) Primary source d) Secondary source

20. Which of the following is a non-point source of pollution

a) Municipal discharge pipes b) Industrial discharge pipes

c) Acid rain d) Domestic sewage pipes

21. The excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants due to added nutrients is called

a) Bioaccumulation b) Biomagnifications

c) Sedimentation d) Eutrophication

22. The rise in temperature of water bodies due to the release of large volumes of hot water
by power plants and industries is called
a) Global warming b) Green house effect

c) Thermal pollution d) Radiation pollution

23. Which of the following is not a cause of water pollution

a) Pesticides b) Fertilizers

c) Mercury d) Carbon dioxide

24. The Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989 was due to

a) Marine oil spill b) Radioactive isotopes

 c) Mercury pollution d) Pesticide pollution

25. Severe cases of arsenic poisoning from contaminated ground water have been reported
from
a) Kerala b) Tamilnadu

c) West Bengal d) Karnataka

26. The National River Conservation plan was launched in

a) 1995 b) 2005

c) 1981 d) 1991

27. The root Zone Process is used

a) To purify air b) To make contaminated water clean

c) To remove pollutants from soil d) For solid waste management

28. Mature soils are arranged in a series of zones called

a) Soil horizons b) Sand

c) Silt d) Clay

29. A cross-sectional view of the horizons in a soil is called

a) Soil profile b) Zone profile

c) Sand profile d) None of the above

30. The top layer or the surface litter layer of soil is called

a) A-horizon b) B-horizon

c) C-horizon d) O-horizon

31. Soils with approximately equal mixtures of clay, sand, silt and humas are called

a) Loams b) A-horizon

c) B-horizon d) C-horizon

32. The layer of soil often called the subsoil is

a) O-horizon b) A-horizon

c) B-horizon d) C-horizon

33. The movement of surface litter and topsoil from one place to another is called
 a) Run-off b) Erosion

c) Landslide d) Earth-quake

34. Of the following which is not a macronutrient

a) Nitrogen b) Phosphorous

c) Potassium d) Zinc

35. Of the following which is not a micronutrient

a) Boron b) Zinc

c) Phosphorous d) Magnesium

36. Mice and rats are killed by

a) Insecticides b) Fungicides

c) Rodenticides d) Herbicides

37. Plant pests are controlled by

a) Herbicides b) Insecticides

c) Rodenticides d) Fungicides

38. The phenomenon of acquiring increasing level of a substance in the bodies of higher
trophic level organisms is known as
a) Bioaccumulation b) Biomagnifications

c) Eutrophication d) None of the above

39. Of the following which is a biochemical pesticide

a) Bacillus thuringiensis b) Neem

c) Trichogramma d) All the above

40. Marine pollution is caused by

a) Pipes directly discharging wastes into b) Pesticides and fertilizers from

sea agriculture
c) Accidents of ships carrying oil and d) All the above
toxic substances
41. Degradation of organic matter by bacterial activity using oxygen present in the water is
known as
a) Anaerobic oxidation b) Aerobic oxidation

c) Evaporation d) Eutrophication
42. Anaerobic oxidation produces

a) Hydrogen sulphide b) Ammonia

c) Methane d) All the above

43. Foul smell of water is caused by the activity of

a) Anaerobic bacteria b) Aerobic bacteria

c) Fungi d) Yeast

44. When liquid oil is spilled on the sea, it spreads over the surface of the water to form a
thin film called
a) Oil slick b) Tainting

c) Ballast d) None of the above

45. Which of the following is used for sewage treatment?

a) Settling tank b) Trickling Filter

c) Oxidation ponds d) All the above

46. Undesirable and unwanted sound is

a) Decibel b) Noise

c) Loudspeaker d) Music

47. Sound is measured in a unit called

a) Joule b) Ampere

c) Decibel d) Curie

48. Cause of outdoor noise pollution

a) Factories b) Vehicles

c) Playing of loudspeakers d) All the above

49. As per the Environment (protection) (second amendment) rules, 1999, the permitted
noise is
a) Zero decibel b) 50 decibel

c) 100 decibel d) 125 decibel

50. Threshold of hearing is

a) Zero decibel b) 146 decibel

 c) 125 decibel d) 120 decibel

51. Threshold of sound level which causes pain

a) 100 decibel b) Zero decibel

c) 246 decibel d) 146 decibel

52. People living in close vicinity of Ganesh mandals that play blaring music for ten days of
the Ganesh festival are usually known to suffer from
a) Temporary thresholed shift b) Noise – induced permanent threshold
shift
c) Both the above d) None of the above

53. The sound level above which human eardrum ruptures

a) 100 dB b) 150 dB

c) 200 dB d) 250 dB

54. Noise pollution can cause

a) Irritability b) Anxiety and stress

c) Lack of concentration and mental d) All the above

fatigue
55. In industries noise pollution causes

a) Masking auditory warning signals b) Increasing accident rates

c) Lowering worker efficiency and d) All the above

productivity
56. The best control method of noise is

a) Reduce noise levels at the source b) Block the path of noise

c) Increase the path length of noise d) Protect the recipient

57. Which of the following is an effect of thermal pollution

a) Decreases the solubility of oxygen b) Increases the metabolism of fish

c) Changes the ecological balance of the d) All the above

river
58. Thermal pollution can be controlled by passing the heated water through the

a) Cooling pond b) Cooling tower

c) Both the above d) None of the above

59. Nuclear power plants are based on

 a) Nuclear fusion b) Nuclear fission

c) x-rays d) electrons

60. The world’s first electricity - generating reactor was constructed

a) In Germany in 1938 b) In the soviet union in 1954

c) In the united states in 1951 d) In Hiroshima in 1945

61. The percentage of uranium -235 in naturally occurring uranium is

a) 97% b) 0.7%

c) 1.7% d) 99%

62. The process of increasing the percentage of uranium-235 in the naturally occurring
uranium is called
a) Concentration b) Enrichment

c) Refining d) Extraction

63. The major source of active waste material produced by a nuclear reactor is

a) Spent fuel rods b) Heavy water

c) Cadmium road d) Graphite

64. World’s worst nuclear accident was

a) Three mile island disaster b) Chernobyl disaster

c) Nuclear disaster in Japan d) Nuclear disaster in United States

65. Chernobyl disaster occurred on

a) March 28, 1979 b) April 2, 1986

c) April 25, 1986 d) April 25, 1996

66. The degree of damage from nuclear accidents vary with

a) The kind of radiation b) The amount of radiation

c) The duration of exposure d) All the above

67. Nuclear radiations can cause

a) Cancer b) Mutations

c) Abnormal offspring d) All the above

68. The term generally used to describe most of the non- hazardous solid waste from cities
is
a) Municipal solid waste b) Wet garbage

c) Dry garbage d) None of the above

69. Food waste such as vegetable, meat, leftover food, eggshells etc. is classified as

a) Dry garbage b) Wet garbage

c) Sewage d) None of the above

70. Paper, plastics, glass bottles, metal items, wood pieces etc. is classified as

a) Dry garbage b) Wet garbage

c) Sewage d) All the above

71. Which of the following can be recycled many times

a) Aluminium b) Steel

c) Both the above d) None of the above

72. Recycling of which material can help preserve forest

a) Plastic b) Steel

c) Paper d) Metals

73. The most effective method of solid waste management is

a) Sanitary landfill b) Incineration

c) Source reduction d) Recycling

74. The process of burning muncipal solid waste in a furnace is called

a) Recycling b) Vermicomposting

c) Incineration d) None of the above

75. Toxic wastes, reactive wastes, ignitable wastes, corrosive wastes, infectious wastes and
radioactive waste are classified as
a) Hazardous waste b) Wet garbage

c) Dry garbage d) None of the above

76. Disease caused by mercury poisoning is called

a) Circulation disorder b) Bone deformity

 c) Deafness d) Minamata disease

77. Which of the following polymer is resistant to fire

a) Polyvinyl chloride b) Polychlorinated biphenyls

c) Polyethene d) Polypropylene

78. Prevention of pollution is the responsibility of

a) Central government b) State government

c) Municipalities d) Each and every individual

Question bank Answer Key- Unit 5

1. B 11. C 21. D 31. A 41. B

2. C 12. D 22. C 32. C 42. D
3. A 13. B 23. D 33. B 43. A
4. D 14. D 24. A 34. D 44. A
5. C 15. D 25. C 35. C 45. D
6. B 16. A 26. A 36. C 46. B
7. C 17. B 27. B 37. A 47. C
8. D 18. A 28. A 38. B 48. D
9. D 19. B 29. A 39. D 49. D
10. A 20. C 30. A 40. D 50. A

51. D 56. A 61. B 66. D 71. C

52. A 57. D 62. B 67. D 72. C
53. B 58. C 63. A 68. A 73. C
54. D 59. B 64. B 69. B 74. C
55. D 60. C 65 C 70. A 75. A

76. D 77. B 78. D

Module 6

Environmental Policies and practices: Climate change, Climate change, global warming, acid rain,
ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents.

MODULE 6

Question Bank
1. Globally, the warmest year was

a) 1998 b) 1898

c) 1988 d) 1978

2. Which of the following is an effect of global warming

a) Rise in sea level b) Increase in rainfall

c) Increase in frequency and intensity of d) All the above

droughts
3. El Nino creates

a) Green house effect b) mutations

c) Great storms d) None of the above

4. Which of the following will be seriously affected by the rise in sea level

a) Nile delta in Egypt b) Marshal islands

c) Maldives d) All the above

5. Extreme climate conditions create

a) Food and drinking water shortage b) Increase in the spread of diseases

c) Environmental refugees d) All the above

6. Periodic warming due to El Nino in 1997 in the Pacific Ocean led to the distruction of

a) Fishes b) Coral reefs

c) Sea birds d) Aerobic bacteria

7. The average surface temperature of earth is

a) 250 C b) 150C
 c) 300C d) 270C

8. The surface temperature of earth in the absence of green house effect would be

a) 00C b) 100C

c) -180C d) 40C

9. The main causes of acid rain are

a) Hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid b) Sulphuric acid and carbonic acid

c) Sulphuric acid Nitric acid d) Nitric acid and hydrochloric acid

10. Which of the following causes the emission of sulphur dioxide

a) Coal-burning power plants b) Smelting process in metallurgy

c) Oil refining d) All the above

11. Main source of nitrogen oxide emission into the atmosphere is

a) Smelting b) Respiration

c) Motor vehicle exhaust d) volcanoes

12. Ozone is formed

a) By heating oxygen b) By the action of sunlight on oxygen

c) In the lower atmosphere d) By the decomposition of water

Module: 6
ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. B