Lesson 4 Estimation in Decimal Multiplication
Have you ever been in a situation where you needed a quick answer, but did not
have time for a detailed calculation? Estimation comes to the rescue!
In this lesson, you will explore the concept of estimation in decimal
multiplication. This technique is useful when exact answers are not needed, or when we
simply want to check if our final result makes sense.
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to round decimal numbers to the
nearest whole number, use this estimation to predict products, and compare their
estimated products with actual results. Ready to give it a try? Let's dive in!
Let’s AIM for THESE:
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Let us begin this lesson with these aims in mind!
1. Define estimation
2. Estimate decimal numbers to the nearest whole number.
3. Use estimation to predict a product; and
4. Compare actual products with estimated products.
Let’s Assess what We Already KNOW
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Let us warm up your math muscles with these fun estimation challenges! Use your
rounding and multiplication skills to make your best predictions. Do not worry if you are
not perfect, this is just the start of an exciting journey into decimals and estimation. Let’s
dive in! Choose the best answer:
1. Round and Estimate
Round the decimal 7.3 to the nearest whole number. What is your answer?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
2. Estimate a Product
Which is the best estimate for the product of 5.2 × 4.1?
a. 20
b. 15
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c. 25
d. 30
3. Rounding Decimals for a Quick Estimate
If you round 3.6 to the nearest whole number and 2.7 to the nearest whole
number, what is the estimated product?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12
4. Compare Actual and Estimated Products
The actual product of 4.2 × 2.3 is 9.66. If your estimate was 10, how close were
you?
a. Very close
b. Far off
c. Exact
d. No comparison
5. Predict Before You Solve
Estimate the product of 6.5 × 3.4 by rounding both numbers to the nearest whole
number.
a. 21
b. 24
c. 20
d. 18
6. Estimate with Large Numbers
A watermelon weighs 7.8 kg, and a crate holds 4.9 watermelons. What is the best
estimate for the total weight of the crate?
a. 30 kg
b. 35 kg
c. 40 kg
d. 25 kg
7. Rounding for Simpler Multiplication
Round 9.1 and 1.9 to the nearest whole numbers. What is the estimated product?
a. 18
b. 20
c. 16
d. 15
8. Real-Life Application
A jar contains 5.6 liters of juice, and each cup can hold 0.9 liters. About how
many cups can be filled?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
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9. Fine-Tuning an Estimate
Your estimate for 2.4 × 6.5 is 15. What could you adjust to make your estimate
closer to the actual product?
a. Round up both numbers.
b. Round down both numbers.
c. Adjust one number up and one down.
d. Keep the estimate as it is.
10. Comparing Estimates and Actuals
The actual product of 3.9 × 8.2 is 31.98. If you estimated 32, how accurate was
your estimate?
a. Very accurate
b. Not accurate
c. Close enough
d. Needs improvement
Let's THINK About THIS!
You are going shopping for school supplies. You need to buy notebooks and pens.
• The notebook costs 3.6 pesos each, and you plan to buy 4 notebooks.
• The pen costs 1.7 pesos each, and you plan to buy 6 pens.
You are in a hurry and want to know approximately how much you will spend. Rather
than calculating the exact total right away, you decide to estimate the total cost of your
shopping by rounding the decimal prices to the nearest whole number. This will give you
a rough idea of how much money you will need.
Questions to consider:
How can you estimate the total cost of the notebooks and pens without doing
exact multiplication?
What do you think the total cost will be after rounding the prices?
How close will your estimate be to the actual total cost?
Will you run the risk of getting short of money with your estimate? Why or why
not?
Let's DO the MATH!
Estimation is a powerful tool that helps us make quick decisions in everyday life,
just like when you are shopping for school supplies. By rounding the prices of the
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notebooks and pens to the nearest whole number, you can simplify your calculations and
get a reasonable idea of how much money you need. This process not only saves time but
also helps you prepare for situations where exact calculations may not be practical. In this
lesson, you will learn how to estimate decimal numbers, predict products, and compare
your estimates to actual results. Let us explore how estimation works!
Estimation
Estimation is a smart and quick way to figure out an approximate
answer without having to do precise calculations. It is especially useful when
you are in a hurry or when exact numbers are not needed.
For example, when shopping for school supplies like notebooks and pens,
you do not always need to know the exact total right away. Instead, you can
round the prices to the nearest whole number and make a quick estimate of how
much you will spend. Estimation helps you make decisions faster and saves time
in everyday situations.
Estimating Decimal Numbers to the Nearest Whole Number
Estimating decimal numbers to the nearest whole number means rounding
the decimal to the closest whole number (integer).
Steps for Rounding to the Nearest Whole Number:
1. Look at the tenths place (the first digit after the decimal point).
a) If the digit in the tenths place is 5 or greater, round the number up to
the next whole number.
b) If the digit in the tenths place is less than 5, round the number down to
the lower whole number.
Example 1: 7.3
1. Look at the tenths place: 3.
2. Since 3 is less than 5, we round down.
3. 7.3 rounded to the nearest whole number is 7.
Example 2: 5.8
1. Look at the tenths place: 8.
2. Since 8 is greater than or equal to 5, we round up.
3. 5.8 rounded to the nearest whole number is 6.
Example 3: 2.4
4
1. Look at the tenths place: 4.
2. Since 4 is less than 5, we round down.
3. 2.4 rounded to the nearest whole number is 2.
Example 4: 9.5
1. Look at the tenths place: 5.
2. Since 5 is equal to 5, we round up.
3. 9.5 rounded to the nearest whole number is 10.
Using Estimation to Predict a Product
When multiplying decimal numbers, you can use estimation to predict the
product (the result of multiplication) quickly, without doing exact calculations.
Estimation helps you get a general idea of the answer, which is useful when you
need a fast estimate.
Steps for Estimating a Product:
1. Round the decimal numbers to the nearest whole number.
2. Multiply the rounded numbers together to estimate the product.
Example 5: Estimate the product of 6.7 × 3.2
1. Round the numbers:
• Round 6.7 to 7 (since 6.7 is closer to 7 than 6).
• Round 3.2 to 3 (since 3.2 is closer to 3 than 4).
2. Multiply the rounded numbers: 7 × 3 = 21.
So, the estimated product of 6.7 × 3.2 is 21.
Example 6: Estimate the product of 5.4 × 4.8
1. Round the numbers:
• Round 5.4 to 5.
• Round 4.8 to 5.
2. Multiply the rounded numbers: 5 × 5 = 25.
So, the estimated product of 5.4 × 4.8 is 25.
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Comparing Actual Products with Estimated Products
Once you have used estimation to predict a product, it is important to compare
your estimated product with the actual product to see how close or far off your estimate
was. This helps you understand the accuracy of your estimation and improve your skills
for future predictions.
Steps for Comparing Actual and Estimated Products:
1. Estimate the product by rounding the numbers and multiplying the rounded
values.
2. Find the actual product by multiplying the decimal numbers exactly.
3. Compare the two products:
• Is the estimated product very close to the actual product?
• How much difference is there between the estimated and actual products?
Example 7: Comparing 6.7 × 3.2
1. Estimate the product:
• Round 6.7 to 7 and 3.2 to 3.
• 7 × 3 = 21 (estimated product).
2. Find the actual product: 6.7 × 3.2 = 21.44 (actual product).
3. Compare:
• The estimated product was 21.
• The actual product is 21.44.
• The estimate is close to the actual product, with a difference of 0.44.
Example 8: Comparing 5.4 × 4.8
1. Estimate the product:
• Round 5.4 to 5 and 4.8 to 5.
• 5 × 5 = 25 (estimated product).
2. Find the actual product: 5.4 × 4.8 = 25.92 (actual product).
3. Compare:
• The estimated product was 25.
• The actual product is 25.92.
• The estimate is close, but slightly off by 0.92.
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Tips for Comparing:
• Accuracy of Estimation: The closer your estimate is to the actual product, the
better your rounding was. The difference between the estimated and actual
product helps you see how much your rounding impacted the result.
• Purpose of Estimation: Estimation is meant to give you a quick idea of the
product, so it does not have to be exact. The goal is to be reasonably close,
especially when you need a fast answer.
• Adjusting for Accuracy: If your estimate is too far off, try rounding to a
different place (like one decimal point) to improve the accuracy of your estimate.
Why Compare Estimates with Actual Products?
By comparing your estimated product with the actual product, you can:
• Check how well your estimation method works.
• Improve your rounding and estimating skills.
• Make faster and more informed decisions in real-life situations where exact
calculations might not be needed.
Let us Value what we Have LEARNED
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Estimating is not just about math; it is also about using these skills in real-life
situations. By using estimation, you develop important values that help you make better
decisions in everyday life.
Here’s how estimation can help you:
1. Responsibility: When you estimate, like when budgeting for a shopping trip, you
take responsibility for managing your time and money. Estimation helps you
avoid overspending and plan wisely.
2. Practicality: Estimation helps you make quick decisions when exact answers
aren't needed. This is useful when you need to act fast, like in budgeting or
planning.
3. Patience: Estimation requires careful rounding. While it may not be exact, it
helps you make informed decisions in less time.
4. Respect for Time: Estimation saves time by allowing you to make quick, good-
enough calculations, helping you focus on other tasks that need attention.
5. Self-Confidence: Estimation helps you trust your judgment. It boosts your
confidence because you learn to make fast decisions based on rounding and
multiplication.
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6. Honesty: Estimation teaches you to be honest about your mistakes. By comparing
your estimates with the actual results, you learn and improve your estimating
skills.
Let’s Recap What We Have LEARNED
a
When estimating products, you are practicing a valuable skill that helps you make quick,
reasonable guesses without needing to do exact calculations. By rounding decimal
numbers to the nearest whole number, you can easily estimate the product and get a
general idea of the result. This skill is useful not just in school, but in everyday situations
like shopping or planning, where an exact number isn't always necessary.
Remember, estimation is not about being perfect—it is about being practical and fast! As
you get better at rounding and comparing estimates to actual results, you will become
more confident in making quick decisions. Keep practicing, and you will see how
estimation can make your life easier, especially when you need to move quickly and
make good, informed choices.
Let’s COLLABORATE!
Instructions: In this activity, you and your partner will work together to solve a series of
estimation problems. You will estimate the answers by rounding the numbers and then
compare your estimates to the actual answers. Once you have solved the problems,
discuss how estimation can help you in daily life!
1. You are buying fruit at a market. Apples cost ₱45.8 per kilogram, and you want to buy
3 kilograms. How much will the total cost be? Estimate the total by rounding the price to
the nearest whole number.
2. You are booking a hotel for 2 nights. Each night costs ₱1,800. How much will the total
cost be? Estimate by rounding the price to the nearest thousand pesos.
3. You want to buy some pencils and erasers. Each pencil costs ₱8.9, and each eraser
costs ₱5.7. You plan to buy 4 pencils and 3 erasers. What is the estimated total cost?
Round the prices to the nearest whole number.
4. You are purchasing a ticket for a concert. The ticket costs ₱680.5, and you plan to buy
2 tickets. How much will the total cost be? Estimate by rounding the price to the nearest
hundred pesos.
5. You are buying a shirt that costs ₱550.75. You also need to buy a pair of shoes that
costs ₱1,299.95. Estimate the total cost by rounding each price to the nearest hundred
pesos.
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6. You are buying snacks for a party. A pack of chips costs ₱32.5, and you plan to buy 6
packs. What is the estimated total cost? Round the price to the nearest ten pesos.
7. You are planning a road trip and need to fill up your gas tank. Gas costs ₱59.3 per liter,
and you need 20 liters. Estimate the total cost by rounding the price to the nearest whole
number.
8. You are buying school supplies. A notebook costs ₱35.7, and a pencil case costs
₱180.8. Estimate the total cost of these items. Round each price to the nearest ten pesos.
9. You want to buy a lunch combo. The meal costs ₱175.5, and the drink costs ₱42.8.
Estimate the total cost by rounding each price to the nearest ten pesos.
10. You are planning to buy a phone case that costs ₱499.99. How much will the total
cost be if you decide to buy 2 phone cases? Estimate the total cost by rounding the price
to the nearest hundred pesos.
11. You estimate the product of ₱5.6 × 3.3 to be 6 × 3 = 18. What is the actual product?
Compare the actual product with your estimate.
12. You estimate the product of ₱7.2 × 4.5 to be 7 × 5 = 35. What is the actual product?
Compare your estimate with the actual product.
13. You estimate the product of ₱2.9 × 3.7 to be 3 × 4 = 12. What is the actual product?
How close is your estimate to the actual result?
14. You estimate the product of ₱6.8 × 2.4 to be 7 × 2 = 14. What is the actual product?
How accurate was your estimate?
15. You estimate the product of ₱5.5 × 4.9 to be 6 × 5 = 30. What is the actual product?
Compare the estimated product with the actual product and note the difference.
Let’s ASSESS what WE LEARNED…
Instruction: In this test, you will use estimation techniques to quickly calculate and
predict answers in different real-life situations. Let's get started!
1. You are at the store, and an item costs ₱25.4. How much will it cost if you round the
price to the nearest whole number?
a) ₱24
b) ₱25
c) ₱26
d) ₱30
2. A notebook costs ₱112.7. You plan to buy 3 notebooks. What is the estimated total
cost after rounding the price of each notebook to the nearest ten pesos?
a) ₱300
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b) ₱330
c) ₱350
d) ₱360
3. You are ordering pizza, and the price is ₱299.4. Estimate the price by rounding to the
nearest hundred pesos.
a) ₱200
b) ₱250
c) ₱300
d) ₱350
4. A bus ticket costs ₱42.6. If you need to buy 5 tickets, what is the estimated total cost?
Round to the nearest whole number first.
a) ₱210
b) ₱220
c) ₱230
d) ₱240
5. You need 7 packs of paper, and each pack costs ₱86.3. What is the estimated total cost
after rounding the price of each pack to the nearest ten pesos?
a) ₱600
b) ₱630
c) ₱650
d) ₱700
True or False:
6. Estimating a product means multiplying the rounded numbers to get an
approximate result.
7. When estimating the product of 4.6 × 3.2, rounding 4.6 to 5 and 3.2 to 3 would be
a reasonable estimation.
8. Estimation helps you make exact calculations without rounding numbers.
9. Rounding to the nearest hundred can sometimes make your estimate less accurate
when dealing with smaller amounts.
10. Estimating the product of two decimal numbers is quicker than calculating the
exact product.
Fill in the Blank:
11. You are shopping for notebooks that cost ₱189.9 each. You want to buy 4 notebooks.
To estimate the total cost, round the price to the nearest ten before multiplying.
12. The total cost of a meal is ₱295.4, and you want to tip 10%. First, round ₱295.4 to the
nearest hundred to make estimating the tip easier.
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13. If you estimate the product of 8.3 × 2.7 by rounding 8.3 to 8 and 2.7 to 3, your
estimated product would be 24.
14. To compare the actual product and the estimated product, you subtract the estimate
from the actual product.
15. When estimating, it is important to remember that your answer will not always be
equal to the exact number, but it should be close enough to help make decisions quickly.
Let’s MONITOR What we Have Learned
These simple self-assessment questions will help you reflect on your understanding and
provide a quick exit ticket for the lesson.
# Self-Assessment Question Yes No
1 Do I understand how to round decimal numbers to the nearest whole number?
2 Can I use estimation to predict the total cost of an item based on rounded prices?
Do I know how to estimate the product of two decimal numbers by rounding them
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first?
4 Can I compare the estimated product with the actual product to check my accuracy?
5 Do I feel confident using estimation to make quick decisions in real-life situations?
Let’s ENRICH What we Have Learned
Estimation Challenge: Shopping on a Budget!
Instructions:
1. Join into small groups (3-4 students per group).
2. Scenario Setup: Each group has a budget of ₱200 for a shopping trip. You will
need to buy the following items, estimating the total cost for each item and then
comparing it to the actual total cost using rounding for estimation.
• Notebook: ₱40.75
• Pen: ₱15.25
• Eraser: ₱5.50
• Ruler: ₱12.30
• Pencil: ₱7.10
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3. Step 1: Estimate: Round each price to the nearest whole number. Write down your
estimates. Add up the estimated totals for each item
4. Step 2: Calculate the Actual Total: Multiply the actual price by the quantity of
each item and find the actual total cost. Write down the actual total.
5. Step 3: Compare: Compare the estimated total with the actual total. How close
were your estimates? Were there any items that you underestimated or
overestimated?
6. Step 4: Reflect
How can estimation help you in real-life situations, such as managing money
for a budget or shopping for school supplies?
Was your total estimate close to the actual cost? What did you learn from
comparing the two totals?
Your output will be assessed using the rubric below:
Needs
Excellent Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Criteria Improvement
(4 points) (3 points) (1 point)
(2 points)
Estimates are Estimates are
Estimates are Estimates are far
very close to the generally close,
somewhat off, off, with a
Accuracy of actual prices, with a small
with noticeable significant
Estimates with minimal difference (₱3–
differences (₱6– difference (over
difference ₱5) from the
₱10). ₱10).
(within ₱2). actual prices.
All steps of the
Most steps of Several steps are
activity are The activity is
the activity are incomplete, and
completed incomplete, with
Completion of completed, with the calculations
thoroughly, with minimal effort in
Activity a few missing or reflections are
clear estimates, calculations or
or unclear unclear or
calculations, and reflections.
details. missing.
reflections.
Team works
well together, Team has
Team works
shares ideas, and difficulty Team struggles
together with
provides working together, with
some minor
Collaboration insightful and reflections collaboration, and
challenges, and
and Reflection reflections on lack depth or no meaningful
provides basic
the value of connection to reflections are
reflections on
estimation in real-life shared.
estimation.
real-life situations.
scenarios.
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