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Assessment 2_OS

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2 views7 pages

Assessment 2_OS

Uploaded by

hamzasajjad293
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ASSESSMENT # 02

SUBMITTED TO:
MA’AM SABA
SUBMITTED BY:
M HAMZA SAJJAD
REGISTRATION NO:
UW-22-AI-BS-042
COURSE TITLE:
OPERATING SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ( AI )


UNIVERSITY OF WAH
Differences between FAT32 and NTFS File Systems:
1. FAT32 (File Allocation Table 32-bit):

 Compatibility: FAT32 is extensively supported across multiple operating systems, such


as Windows, macOS, and Linux. This makes it a popular choice for portable storage
devices like USB drives.
 File and Volume Size Constraints: FAT32 imposes a maximum file size of 4 GB and a
partition limit of 2 TB. This restriction makes it unsuitable for storing very large files or
for use with modern high-capacity hard drives.

2. NTFS (New Technology File System):

 Security Features: NTFS provides robust file-level security with options for
permissions, encryption, and access control, making it ideal for systems requiring
enhanced security.
 Advanced Functionality and Efficiency: NTFS is optimized to handle large files and
partitions efficiently. It also offers advanced features like disk quotas, data compression,
and shadow copies for backups.

3. Windows Explorer Interface

Key Components of the Windows Explorer Interface:

1. Navigation Pane: Found on the left-hand side, this pane enables users to explore the folder
hierarchy, libraries, drives, and network locations.
2. Address Bar: Displays the current file path and allows users to jump to specific locations by
typing the path directly.
3. File List View: Shows the contents of the selected folder, including subfolders and files. The
display style can be customized (e.g., icons, details, list view).
4. Ribbon Toolbar: Offers quick access to frequently used tasks like creating folders, copying,
pasting, or changing view settings. It can be expanded or minimized.
5. Search Box: Enables users to locate files and folders within the current directory or across the
computer.

Taskbar and Accessing File/Folder Properties:

 Taskbar: By default, located at the screen's bottom, the taskbar contains the Start menu, pinned
apps, open program windows, the system tray, and the clock. It provides easy access to
commonly used applications and system tools.
 Accessing File/Folder Properties:
o Using Right-Click: Right-click the file or folder and choose "Properties" from the
context menu. This opens a window where you can view or edit details like file size,
security settings, and other attributes.

4. Disk Partitioning and Drive Management (5 Marks)

Disk Partitioning:

 Definition: Disk partitioning involves dividing a physical hard disk into distinct sections, known
as partitions. Each partition can function independently with its own file system and store specific
data or even separate operating systems.

Reasons for Creating or Modifying Partitions:

1. Organization: Partitioning allows for better organization by separating system files from
personal data, simplifying backups and recovery.
2. Dual-Boot Systems: Enables the installation of multiple operating systems on one drive.
3. Performance and Security: Keeping the OS separate from personal files can improve
performance and safeguard data in case of system corruption.
4. Optimizing Disk Space: Shrinking volumes lets you reallocate unused space to other partitions,
improving overall storage utilization.

5. Understanding DOS Commands (5 Marks)

Essential DOS Commands:

1. mkdir (Make Directory):


o Usage: mkdir [directory_name]
o Purpose: Creates a new folder at the current location or specified path.
o Example: mkdir NewFolder creates a directory named "NewFolder."

2. cd (Change Directory):
o Usage: cd [directory_path]
o Purpose: Changes the active directory to the specified folder.
o Example: cd NewFolder moves into the "NewFolder" directory.

3. echo:
o Usage: echo [text]
o Purpose: Displays messages or turns echoing on/off. It can also be used to create text
files by redirecting output.
o Example: echo Hello, World! > file.txt creates a file named file.txt containing "Hello,
World!"
4. dir (Directory):
o Usage: dir [directory_path]
o Purpose: Lists the contents of a specified folder. If no folder is specified, it displays the
current directory's contents.
o Example: Running dir in the current directory shows all files and subfolders.

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