RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH
&
NOON SAKINAH AND
TANWEEN
RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH
ْ )
RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH (م
DEFINITION :
It is a meem free from any vowel and it always has a fixed
sukoon .
الميم الساكنة
ِ has three rules
1. Ikhfaa’ Shafawi (شفَوي
َ )اﻹخفَاء ال
ِ
2. Idghaam Al mithlayn (غام المثْلَين َ اﻹد
ِ )
3. Idhhaar As-Shafawi (شفَ ِوياﻹظ َهار ال ﱠ
ِ )
وي
ِ َ
ف ﱠ
الش اءفَ ( اﻹخIKHFAA’ SHAFAWI)
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION:
اﻹخفاءlinguistically means hidden.
LETTERS:
If meem sakinah is followed by با, then this rule will apply
APPLICATION:
When meem sakinah is followed by با, then we will hide meem
sakinah to با. The reciter should go to the makhraj of باwithout
bonding and use ghunna sifa of meem to do the Ikhfa.
Timing of Ghunna : 2 counts.
وي
ِ َ
ف ﱠ
الش اءفَ ﻹخ
ا ِ
َو َما ُهم ِب ُم ْؤ ِم ِنين Eg: ار ٍة
يهم ِب ِح َج َ تَ ِ
رم ِ
مثلين َ ﻹ
ِ دغام ال ِ ( اIDGHAAM ALMITHLAYN)
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION:
Idghaam linguistically means merging.
LETTERS:
If meem sakinah is followed by a meem with a vowel then this rule
will apply.
APPLICATION:
When meem sakinah is followed by a voweled meem, then the
meem sakinah will merge into the voweled meem and the
voweled meem will become mushaddad.
Timing of Ghunna : 2 counts.
م ْثلَين َ ﻹ
ِ دغام ال ِ ا
It is called mithlayn (identical letters) because it is composed of
two similar letters.
Eg: َ لَ ُك ْم ّما َ َولَ ُك ْم ّما َ ّك
س ْبت ُ ْم
وي َ َ
ِ ارالش
ف هَ ( اﻹظIDHHAAR SHAFAWI)
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION:
Idhhaar linguistically means clear or obvious.
LETTERS:
If meem sakinah is followed by any other letter than ميمor با,
then this rule will apply.
APPLICATION:
When meem sakinah is followed by other than ميمor با, then the
meem will be pronounced clearly from its makhraj without any
extra ghunna.
Eg: أ َ ْم لَ ْم ت ُن ِذ ْرهُم ُه ْم ﻓِي َها
RULES OF NOON
SAKINAH
&
TANWEEN
NOON SAKINAH & TANWEEN
NOON SAKINAH:
ْ
Noon sakinah is a Noon free from any vowel ()ن
TANWEEN:
Tanween is a double fatha, kisrah or dhamma written at the end
of a noun to make it indefinite. All Tanween ends with a noon
sukoon.
ْن+ ب
ِ =ب
ٍ ْن+ ب
ُ =ب
ٌ ْن+ ب
َ =ب
ً
ْ ٍ بَ ْي
بَيتِن:ﺖ َر ِحي ُم ْن:َر ِحي ٌم َ :ً ع ِليما
ع ِلي َم ْن َ
There are four rules for Noon Sakinah and Tanween
1 IDHHAR ()اﻹظ َهار
ِ
2 IDGHAAM (غام َ )اﻹد
ِ
3 َ )اﻹ
IQLAB (قﻼب ِ
4 IKHFAA’ ()اﻹَخفَاء
( اﻹظهارIDHHAAR)
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION:
Idhhaar linguistically means clear or obvious.
LETTERS:
If meem sakinah is followed by any of the throat letters
( ء, ه, ع, ح, غ, )خthen this rule will apply
APPLICATION:
When a noon sakinah or Tanween is followed by any of the six
throat letters ( ء, ه, ع, ح, غ, )خin one word or between two words,
then noon sakinah or tanween is pronounced clearly from it’s
makhraj.
( اﻹظهارIDHHAAR)
َ ﻹ
دغام ِ ( اIDGHAAM)
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION :
Idghaam linguistically means merging.
LETTERS:
If noon sakinah or tanween is followed by any of the letters of
يرملونthen this rule will apply.
APPLICATION:
When a noon sakinah or tanween is followed by any of these
letters, then we will go to the makhraj of the next letter()يرملون
and give ghunna sifa of noon by staying in that makhraj.
There are two types of Idghaam.
1. Idghaam with Ghunna (غام ب ِ ُﻐ ﱠنةَ ) إِد
2. Idghaam without Ghunna (غ ﱠنة ُ )إ د َغام بِﻼ
َ ﻹ
TWO TYPES OF دغام ِ ا
ُ ِدغام ب
غ ﱠنة َ ِ( إIDGHAAM WITH GHUNNA)
If the noon sakinah or tanween is followed by the letters of
ِ ُ ي, then we should merge noon sakinah to the next
ومن
letter with two counts ghunna.
.
EXCEPTION TO THE RULE OF
IDGHAAM BI GHUNNA
Idghaam will be applicable only in between two words.
However, there are two exceptions to this
EXCEPTION
Idghaam will be applicable only in between two words. If noon
sakinah is followed by any of these letters in one word, then
there will not be any Idghaam. These are the only four words
like this in Quran. This is called Idhhaar Mutlaq (absolute
manifestation) . This rule is according to HAFS.
IDGHAM FOR يا
18
IDGHAM FOR واو
19
َ ( ِإدIDGHAM WITHOUT GHUNNA)
ُ غام ِبﻼ
غ ﱠنة
If the noon sakinah or tanween is followed by لor رthen we
will merge noon sakinah into رor لwithout ghunna. Because
of idgham the ر/ لwill become mushaddad.
َ ﻹ
قﻼب ِ ( اIQLAAB)
LINGUISTIC DEFINTION:
Iqlaab linguistically means change.
LETTERS:
If noon sakinah or tanween is followed by the letter با, this rule will
apply.
APPLICATION:
When a noon sakinah or tanween is followed by the letter ب, the
noon sakinah will change to meem sakinah then we will apply the
rule of Ikhfa of meem (meem sakinah followed by )با
Timing of Ghunna : 2 counts.
َ ﻹخ
فاء ِ ( اIKHFAA’)
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION:
Ikhfaa’ linguistically means hiding.
LETTERS:
If noon sakinah or tanween is followed by
(ص ذ ث ك ج ش ق س د ط ز ف ت ض ظLetters other than the
letters of Idhhaar, Idgham & Iqlab) then this rule will apply.
APPLICATION:
When a noon sakinah or tanween is followed by any of these 15
letters, then we should go near the makhraj of the next letter,
and do two count ghunna.
While doing Ikhfaa’ tongue should be in a position ready to
pronounce the next letter without touching the upper roof. But for
the letters ق & ك, the tongue will touch the upper roof without
bonding. The sound concentration for Ikhfaa’ should be in the
makhraj of the next letter.
NOTE:
When a tafkheem letter is followed by noon sakinah, then ghunna
will also be tafkheem
Eg: ورا
ً ﺼُ ِمن قَ ْب ِﻞ َمن
IKHFAA’
LEVELS OF GHUNNA
28
LEVELS OF GHUNNA
DEPENDS ON THE STRENGTH OF
THE SOUND IN THE NASAL PASSAGE
29
LEVELS OF GHUNNA
There are four levels of ghunna
1. FIRST LEVEL
Noon & Meem Mushaddadah, Idghaam With
Ghunna
30
ش ﱠ
ددَ ميم ال ُ
م َ ﱡ
النون وال ِ
2 SECOND LEVEL
Ikhfaa’ of Meem & Noon Sakinah, Iqlaab
3 THIRD LEVEL
Idhhaar of Meem & Noon
4. FOURTH LEVEL
Noon & Meem with vowels
33
