THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
2013 ACADEMIC YEAR
SECOND TERM TEST
MA110-MATHEMATICAL METHODS

INSTRUCTIONS: (1) Attempt all questions

(2) Show detailed working for full credit
(3) Calculators are not allowed in this paper
TIME ALLOWED: Three (3) hours
1) a) Express in partial fractions
2
3 2
x −x −4 x +1 3 x +2 x−9
i) ii) 2
2
x −4 ( x 2−1 )
2) b) (i) Show that the sum of the first n terms of the A.P. with first term a and common

1 n
difference d is n(2 a+ ( n−1 ) d ) or Sn= ( a1+ an )
2 2

(ii) Write in the Σ notation:

1 1 1 1
a)1+2+3+… .+ n b) 14 +2 4 +…+n 4 + ( n+1 )4 c)1+ + + + ,
2 3 4 5

(iii) Find each of the indicated sums

()
9 6 i 5
1
∑2 b) ∑ 3 c) ∑ (−3 )
i −3 i+1

i=3 i=1 2 i=2

a
(iv) Change each repeating decimal to form , where a∧b are integers and
b

a
b ≠ 0.Express in reduced form
b

0.3 b) 0.26 c) 0.2 14 d) 3.7

 (v) Determine if the sequence is geometrical or arithmetical or nether

20 5 6 8

∑ 4i b) ∑ i
2
c) ∑ 3 d) ∑ (2 x ¿ + x )¿
i 2

i=10 i=1 i=1 x=3

a) Show that the general term of an arithmetic sequence is given by a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d

n
b) Show that the sum of an arithmetic sequence is given by Sn= ( a1+ an )
2
n−1
c) Show that the general term of a geometric sequence is given by a n=a1 r
n
a 1 r −a1
d) Show that the sum of a geometric sequence is given by Sn= r≠1
r−1
a1
e) Show that the sum of an infinite geometric sequence is given by S∞ = ,|r|< 1
1−r

3. a) . Prove the following results by induction:

1 2 2 2 1
1+2+… n= n(n+ 1) 1 +2 +…+n = n ( n+1 ) (2n+1)
2 6

b) Use mathematical induction to prove each of the sum formulas for the indicated

sequence. They are to hold for all positive integers n

n (n+1)
for a n=n
n n
i) Sn= ii) Sn=2(2 −1) for a n=2
2

n ( n+1 ) (2 n+ 1) 2 n ( n+1 ) (n+2)

iii) Sn= for a n=n iv) Sn= for a n=n(n+1)
6 3

n 1
v) Sn= for a n=
n+1 n(n+1)

c) Use mathematical induction to prove that each statement is true for all positive integers n .

i) 4 n ≥ 4 n ii) n2 ≥ n

iii) 9 n−1 is divisible by 4

iv) n2 +n is divisible by 2 I ) n2 −n isdivisible by 2

4. a) (i) In how many ways can 13 cards be selected from a pack of 52 playing cards?

(ii) In how many ways can r objects be chosen from n unlike objects?

(iii) A mixed hockey team containing 5 men and 6 women is to be chosen from 7 men and 9
 women. In how many ways can this be done?

b) Use the Pascal’s Triangle to Simplify, leaving surds in the answers, where appropriate:
3 3 4 4 3 3
i) ( 1+ √ 2 ) + ( 1− √ 2 ) ii)( 2+ √ 3 ) + ( 2−√ 3 ) iii) ( 1+ √ 2 ) −( 1−√ 2 )

c) . Use the binomial theorem to find the values of

i) ( 1.01 )10 , correct to three places of decimals:

ii) ( 2.001 )10 , correct to six significant figures:

iii)( 0.997 )12 , correct to three places of decimals:

d) Expand the following as far as the terms in x 3:

3 4 5 4
i) ( 1+ x + x 2 ) ii) ( 3−2 x + x 2 ) iii) ( 2+ x + x 2 ) iv) ( 3+ x + x 3 )

e) Find the first terms and the general terms in the expansions of the following functions in
ascending powers of . State the ranges of values of x for which the expansions are valid.

1 1
i) ( 2+ x )−1 ii) iii) iv)√ ( 1+ x )
( 3−x )2 ( 2−3 x )3

f) Expand the following functions in ascending powers of x , giving the first three terms and the
general term, and state the necessary restrictions on the values of x :

1−x x+ 7 x+5
i) c) d)
1+ x ( x+1 )2 ( x−2 ) ( 3−2 x )( x−1 )

g) i) Express
−2 x as partial fraction
¿¿
ii) Hence prove that
−2 x can be expressed in the form 0− 1 x+ B x 2+C x3 where
¿¿ 2
constants B and C are to be determined.
iii) State the set of value of x for which the expansion is valid

( ) ( )
−5 10 8 −1 2 4
5. a) Verify that if M = 4 −7 −6 and N= 2 1 −2 ,then MN =NM =I , where I is
−3 6 5 −3 0 5
 ( )( ) ( )
−5 10 8 x −3
the3 ×3 unit matrix. Use this to solve the matrix equation 4 −7 −6 y = 3
−3 6 5 z 2

b) Given that the matrix equation A3 =13 A−12 I . Assuming that A−1 exists, show that this

1
equation can be written as A =
−1
( 13 I − A 2 )
12

| |
x−3 1 −1
c) i)Solve the equation −7 x +5 −1 =0 .
−6 6 x−2

| |
x +3 5 6
ii) Solve the equation −1 x−3 −1 =0
1 1 x+4

( ) ()( )
1 4 −2 x 1
d) Find B where B= 0 1 3
−1
. Given that B y = −2 , find x , y and z .
0 0 1 z 1

( )
3 1 −3
e) M is the matrix 1 2 a 1 . Find two values of a for which M is singular.
0 2 a

6. a) Sketch each of the exponential functions and determine its domain and range.

() ()
x+1 x−2
1 1
i) f ( x )=3 2 x+1−2 ii) f ( x )= +2 d) f ( x )=− −1
3 4

i) f ( x )=2−x +2+1

b) Solve each of the following logarithmic equations

i) log 10 ( x−4 ) +log 10 ( x−1 )=1 ii) log √ x=√ log x

iii) ln ( x +2 )=ln ( x −4 )+ ln 3

iiii)log 10 y−4 log y 10=0 iv) log 10 a+ log a 100=3

v) log 10 ( 19 x 2+ 4 ) −2 log 10 x−2=0

vi)
log 2 x+ log 4 x=2
 vii)
9 log x 5=log 5 x

c) 13. Sketch each of the logarithmic functions and determine its domain and range.

i) Graph y=log 3 x by changing the equation to exponential form

()
x
1
ii) Graph f ( x )=log 1 x by reflecting the graph of g ( x )= across the line y=x .
2 2

iii) f ( x )=1+ log 10 x

iv) f ( x )=log 10 ( x +2 )

v) f ( x )=2−log 3 ( x−1 )

vi) y=4 log 2 ( x +1 )

vii) f ( x )=log 2 (x ¿−1)+2 ¿

viii) f ( x )=2+ lnx

d) . Solve each of the following exponential equations

i) 53 t +1=9 ii) 32 x+1=23 x +2 iii) 3 e x −1=17 iv) 22 x +3 ( 2 x ) −4=0

v) 4 ( 3
2 x +1
) + 17 ( 3 x ) −7=0 vi) 6 x+2=2 ( 3 2 x ) vii) 2 −15 ( 2x ) −8=0
2 x +1

log b x
e) i ¿ Prove that log a x=
log b a

1
ii) Prove that log a r =
log r a

1
iii) Prove that log 2 10=
log 10 2

iv) Verify that f ( x )=b x and y=log b x where b∧x >0 are inverses of each other

f) i) How long will it take $ 500 to triple it itself if it is invested at 9 % interest compounded

continuously?

ii) The number of grams of a certain radioactive substance present after t hours is given by the
−0.45 t
equation Q=Q 0 e , where Q0 represents the initial number of grams. How long will it take
2500 grams to be reduced to 1250

iii) The number of units N, of electricity used by a household after t months is given by

N=30 ( 1+ e kt ) Where k is a constant.

a) Find the value of k if 270 units were used by the household at the end of one month.

b) Find in simplified form ,the exact value of the number of units used by the household at the

end of three months.

7. a) The line l has equation2 x− y−1=0. The line m passes through the point A(0 , 4) and is

perpendicular to the linel .

Find an equation of m and show that the lines l and m intersect at the point P ( 2 ,3 ) .

b) The straight line l passes through A(1 , 3 √ 3) and B ¿ 3+ 4 √ 3 )

i) Calculate the gradient of l giving your answer as a surd in it’s simplest form.
ii) Give the equation of l in the form y=mx+c , where constants m and c are surds given in
their simplest form.

c) The line y=2 x−8 meets the coordinate axes at A and B .The line AB is a diameter of the
circle . Find the equation of the circle.

d) The circle ,centre ( p , q) radius 25 , meets the x-axis at (−7 , 0) and ( 7 , 0 ) , where q >0.

i) Find the value of p and q

e) A is the point (−1 , 2 ) , B is the point ( 2 , 3 ) and C is the point ( 3 , 5 ) . P is a point which
2
AQ= AB
divides BC in the ratio 3 : 4 and Q lies on AB such that 5 .

(i) Find the coordinates of P

(ii) Find the coordinates of Q.

f) A point P ( a , b ) is equidistant from the y – axis and from the point( 4 , 0 ) . Find a relationship

between a and b.