ITCC 101: Linear Algebra

Chapter 1 Revision
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2
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5 Solve for matrix 𝑋𝑋 in the matrix equation 𝑋𝑋 = 𝐴𝐴𝑇𝑇 + 2𝐼𝐼, where 𝐼𝐼 is a unit matrix with
size 2×2 and

1
6 Solve for matrix 𝑋𝑋 in the matrix equation 𝑋𝑋 = [𝐶𝐶 − 𝐵𝐵], where 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐶𝐶 are
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32T
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12

Solution
For the following system of equations, write the augmented matrix
3
Solve using the form AX=B
 SOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
x1 − 2 x2 + x3 =0  1 −2 1 0
8  0 2 −8 8
2 x2 − 8 x3 =
 
−4 x1 + 5 x2 + 9 x3 =
−9  −4 5 9 −9 

 1 −2 1 0 x1 − 2 x2 =
−3
0 1 −4 4 
  x2 = 16
0 0 1 3 x3 = 3
For the following system of equations, find the
reduced raw echelon form.
 Unit 2 Revision
Exercise 1
Calculate the rank of the matrix

is null

Exercise 2
Calculate the rank of the matrix by the gaussian elimination method.
Therefore r(A) =2.

Exercise 3
Calculate the rank of the matrix by the gaussian elimination method.

r(A) = 3.
Exercise 4
Calculate the rank of the matrix by determinants.

r(A) = 2

Exercise 5
Calculate the rank of the matrix by determinants.
r(B) = 4

Exercise 6

Find the rank of the matrix

Solution:

Let A=

Order of A is 2 × 2 ∴ r(A)≤ 2

Consider the second order minor

There is a minor of order 2, which is not zero. ∴r (A) = 2

Exercise 7

Find the rank of the matrix

Let A=

Order of A is 2 × 2 ∴r(A)≤ 2

Consider the second order minor

Since the second order minor vanishes, r(A) ≠ 2

Consider a first order minor |−5| ≠ 0

There is a minor of order 1, which is not zero

∴ r (A) = 1

Exercise 8

Find the rank of the matrix

Solution:

Let A=

Order Of A is 3x3

∴ r (A) ≤ 3
Consider the third order minor =6≠0

There is a minor of order 3, which is not zero

∴r (A) = 3.

Exercise 9

Find the rank of the matrix

Solution:

Let A=

Order Of A is 3x3

∴ r (A) ≤ 3

Consider the third order minor

Since the third order minor vanishes, therefore r(A) ≠ 3

Consider a second order minor

∴ r(A) = 2.

Exercise 10

Find the rank of the matrix

Solution:

Let A =

Order of A is 3 × 4

∴ r(A)≤ 3.

Consider the third order minors

Since all third order minors vanishes, r(A) ≠ 3.

Now, let us consider the second order minors,

There is a minor of order 2 which is not zero.

∴r (A) = 2.

Exercise 11

Find the rank of the matrix A=

Solution:

The order of A is 3 × 3.

∴ r(A) ≤ 3.

Let us transform the matrix A to an echelon form by using elementary

The number of non zero rows is 2

r (A) = 2.

Exercise 12

Find the rank of the matrix A=

Solution:
The order of A is 3 × 4.

∴ r (A)≤3.

Let us transform the matrix A to an echelon form

The number of non zero rows is 3. ∴ r(A) =3.

Exercise 13
Show that the equations x + y = 5, 2x + y = 8 are consistent and solve them.

Solution:

The matrix equation corresponding to the given system is

AX=B

r r

Number of non-zero rows is 2.

r (A )= r ([ A, B]) = 2 = Number of unknowns.

The given system is consistent and has unique solution.

Now, the given system is transformed into

x+y=5

y=2

∴ (1) ⇒ x + 2 = 5

x=3

Solution is x = 3, y = 2
Exercise 14
Show that the equations 2x + y = 5, 4x + 2 y = 10 are consistent and solve them.

Solution:
The matrix equation corresponding to the system is

r r

r ( A ) = r ([ A, B]) = 1 < number of unknowns

∴ The given system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.

Now, the given system is transformed into the matrix equation.

Let us take y = k, k ∈R

⇒ 2x + k = 5

x = 1/2 ( 5 − k)

x = 1/2 ( 5 − k) , y = k for all k ∈R

Thus by giving different values for k, we get different solution. Hence the system
has infinite number of solutions.
Exercise 15
Show that the equations 3x − 2 y = 6, 6x − 4 y = 10 are inconsistent.

Solution:
The matrix equation corresponding to the given system is

r r

r r

r 𝑟([𝐴, 𝐵])

∴The given system is inconsistent and has no solution.

Exercise 16
 r ( [A, B] ) = 2, r ( A) = 2

Obviously the last equivalent matrix is in the echelon form. It has two non-zero rows.

r ( [A, B] ) = 2, r ( A) = 2 ∴ r ( A ) = r ( [A, B] ) = 2 < Number of unknowns.

The given system is consistent and has infinitely many

The given system is equivalent to the matrix equation,

x + y + z = 6 (1)

y + 2z = 8 (2)

(2)⇒ y = 8 − 2z,

(1)⇒ x = 6 − y − z = 6 − (8 − 2 z) − z = z – 2
 Let us take z = k, k ∈R , we get x = k − 2, y = 8 − 2k , Thus by giving different
values for k we get different solutions. Hence the given system has infinitely many
solutions.

Exercise 17

Exercise 18

Show if homogeneous and Non-homogenous equation

3) 2x + 6y = – 11 4) x + 7y – 3z=5
6x + 20y – 6z = – 3 5x + z = 6
3y – 18z = – 1 2x + 6y – 2z= 1
1 and 2 are homogeneous equations and 3 and 4 are
Nonhomogeneous equations

Exercise 19

The system will not have unique nontrivial solution

Exercise 21
2 −1
Consider 𝑣1 = [ ] and 𝑣1 = [ ] ; find 3𝑣1 + 4𝑣2
4 7

Exercise 22
𝑎) 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = 𝑎

𝑏) 𝑣2 − 𝑣1 = 𝑏

c) 2𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 = 6 solve these two equations to find x1 and x2

𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 = 6

We can find by elimination that 𝑥1 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 = 1

So, 4𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = 𝑐
5
d) 𝑣1 − 𝑣2 = 𝑑
2

Exercise 23

Let

Express the vector b as a linear combination of the vector v1,v2,v3.

1
-2
2

𝑏 = 𝑎1 − 2𝑎2 + 2𝑎3
Exercise 25

Exercise 26
Exercise 27

Exercise 28
As a linear combination of v and We need to find weights a and b such

that

Exercise 29
Exercise 30
Unit 3 revision
Answer
Hence, the determinant of the given matrix is zero.