Electric Drives Lab (1-5)
Electric Drives Lab (1-5)
RV College of Engineering®
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Prepared by
Dr. Pandry Narendra Rao
Assistant Professor
Dr. Suresha C
Assistant Professor
Foremen
Raghu N
R.V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru – 59
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Vision:
Attain technical excellence in Electrical and Electronics Engineering through graduate programs and
interdisciplinary research related to sustainability in power, energy and allied fields.
Mission:
1. To provide technical education that combines rigorous academic study and the excitement of innovation
enabling the students to engage in lifelong learning.
2. To establish Center of Excellence in sustainable electrical energy, smart grids and systems.
3. To establish tie-ups with industries and institutions of repute and to foster building up of a wide
knowledge base to keep in tune with upcoming technologies.
4. To motivate commitment of faculty and students to collate, generate, disseminate, preserve knowledge
and to work for the benefit of society.
5. To develop simple, appropriate and cost effective inclusive technologies which are instrumental in the
up-liftment of rural society.
Program Educational Objectives (PEO)
M.Tech in Power Electronics Graduate will be able to
1. Design, implement, protect, test and validate systems for Power Electronic Applications in Electric
Drives and Power & Energy Systems.
2. Apply basic and advanced engineering knowledge to solve complex problems for integrated industrial
power electronic systems.
3. Pursue research, communicate effectively, imbibe professional ethics and a desire for life-long
learning.
Program Outcomes (PO)
M. Tech. in Power Electronics graduates will be able to:
PO1: Independently carry out research /investigation and development work to solve practical problems in
Power Electronics.
PO3: Demonstrate a degree of mastery over Power Electronics at a level higher than the requirements in
bachelor program of Electrical Engineering.
PO4: Demonstrate the modern engineering tools and techniques for Modelling and Development of Power
Electronic Systems.
PO5: Apply the Knowledge of Power Electronics for the development of solutions to problems pertaining to
Smart grid, Renewable energy systems, Electric Vehicles and Modern Power and Control Systems.
PO6: Demonstrate Professional Integrity, Ethics, Teamwork, Soft Skills for lifelong learning and sustainable
development in the field of Power Electronics.
RV College of Engineering®
Bengaluru-560059
(Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
Laboratory Certificate
Marks
Maximum 50
Obtained
Signatures of:
Staff in-charge Signature of Prof. & HOD
1.
2.
3. To implement speed control of DC separately excited electric drive using single-phase controlled
rectifier.
4. To implement speed control of DC separately excited electric drive in I and II Quadrant Chopper
control below base speed using H-Bridge.
5.
To implement speed control of single-phase induction motor using Triac-based phase control method.
6.
To implement speed control of induction motor using PWM inverter by changing the stator voltage.
7. To simulate and study speed control of induction motor using PWM inverter by changing the stator
frequency below rated speed using MATLAB/Simulink.
8.
To implement V/f control of three-phase induction motor under base speed.
10. To implement speed control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor drive for Electric Vehicle
application.
Innovative Experiments
11. Simulate the closed loop Speed control of DC-Separately excited motor with constant speed and
variation in load torque.
12. Simulate the speed control of Induction motor by using vector-controlled method with step change in
reference speed.
Total Marks
Experiment-1
Circuit diagram:
Expected waveforms:
Experiment-1
To simulate and study Dynamic braking of Separately excited DC Motor drive using MATLAB/Simulink.
Aim:
Components/apparatus required:
Equipment Specification
DC separately excited motor 5HP 240V, 1750rpm, Field:150V
Rheostat 10 Ω
Ammeter 1
Voltmeter 1
Software MATLAB/Simulink
Theory:
The connections for dynamic braking are shown in circuit diagram. The motor operates at its rated voltage. When
braking is required, the armature is switched on to an external resistance Re. The field remains connected to the
supply with full excitation, and the induced voltage in the armature has the same polarity. The armature current
reverses and flows in a direction opposite to the current during motoring, developing a braking torque. Even
though the motor is braked by generator action the method is not similar to regenerative braking. The braking is
effective and the motor stops very fast if the field is available at its full value, for which reason it is separately
excited. If the field is shunt excited, the field current falls with speed leading to very poor braking below critical
speed.
If separate excitation is employed the speed-torque characteristic is a straight line, as shown in waveform. The
slope of the line -KtKeΦ2N/(ra+Re) decreases with an increase in Re. This shows that the braking torque decreases
with an increase in the armature resistance, which increases the time of braking. A suitable value of Re can be
chosen such as to obtain stopping in the required time. The method is adopted for non-reversing drives where
regeneration is not possible.
MATLAB/Simulation Circuit:
Waveforms:
Procedure:
Tabular column:
Sr. Value of Resistance (Ω) Voltage (V) Current (A) Electromagnetic Stop Time (sec)
No. torque (Nm)
1. 10
2. 10 || 10 (2.75 Sec)
3. 10 || 10 || 10 (3 sec)
Result:
Experiment-2
MATLAB/Simulation Circuit:
Waveforms:
Experiment-2
To simulate and study implement DC Dynamic braking of Induction motor using MATLAB/Simulink..
Aim:
Theory:
When the AC supply is disconnected and a DC supply is connected to the induction motor’s terminals, a
stationary magnetic field is generated by the DC current. As the rotor rotates in this field, an induced field forms
in the rotor windings. This makes the machine act as a generator, dissipating the generated energy in the rotor
circuit resistance, causing dynamic braking.
Procedure:
1. Construct the circuit as shown above using PSIM / Matlab/Simulink software. and observe the waveforms.
2. Use ideal switches to disconnect the three-phase supply at 2.5seconds.
3. Short circuit any two phases (b and c) of the motor and connect a DC supply between the two phases (a
and bc).
4. Now observe the waveforms of speed and electromagnetic torque note down the time taken to reach the
speed to zero.
Observations:
Time taken to reach from rated speed to zero (after disconnecting 3-phase supply and connecting the DC
Result:
Experiment-3
Circuit diagram:
Waveforms:
Experiment-3
To implement speed control of DC separately excited electric drive using single-phase controlled
rectifier.
Aim:
Study speed control characteristics of 1-ph fully converter fed separately excited D.C. motor.
Components/apparatus required:
Equipment Specification
DC separately excited motor
Rectifier Module
Firing circuit module
Tachometer
Ammeter
Voltmeter
DSO
Connecting wires
Theory:
The Single Phase Fully Controlled Rectifier Control of DC Motor is shown in Fig. 3(a). Motor is shown by its
equivalent circuit. Field supply is not shown. When field control is required, field is fed from a controlled rectifier,
otherwise from an uncontrolled rectifier. The ac input voltage is defined by in a cycle of source voltage, thyristors
T1 and T3 are given gate signals from α to π, and thyristors T2 and T4 are given gate signals from (π + α) to 2π.
When armature current does not flow continuously, the motor is said to operate in discontinuous conduction.
When current flows continuously, the conduction is said to be continuous. The drive under consideration,
predominantly operates in discontinuous conduction. Discontinuous conduction has several modes of operation.
The approximate, but a simple, method of analysis is obtained when only the dominant mode of discontinuous
conduction is taken into account. The motor terminal voltage and current waveforms for the dominant
discontinuous conduction and continuous conduction modes are shown in Figs. 3(b) and (c).
In continuous conduction mode of Single Phase Fully Controlled Rectifier Control of DC Motor, a positive current
flows through the motor, and T2 and T4 are in conduction just before α. Application of gate pulses turns on
forward biased thyristors T1 and T3 at α. Conduction of T1 and T3 reverse biases T2 and T4 and turns them off.
A cycle of va is completed when T2 and T4 are turned-on at (π + α) causing turn-off of T1 and T3.
Continuous Conduction:
(3.1)
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PG M.Tech (Power Electronics) Analysis and Control of Electric Drives Lab manual
(3.2)
Speed torque curves for the drive are shown in Fig. 3(d). The ideal no load operation is obtained when Ia = 0.
When both thyristor pairs (T1, T3) and (T2, T4) fail to fire, Ia will be zero. This will happen when E > vs throughout
the period for which tiring pulses are present. Therefore, when α < π/2, E should be greater or equal to Vm and
when α > π/2, E should be greater or equal to Vm sin ωt. Therefore, no load speeds are given by
(3.3)
Maximum average terminal voltage (2Vm/π) is chosen equal to the rated motor voltage. ideal no load speed of
the motor when fed by a perfect direct voltage of rated value will then be (2Vm/πK). It is interesting is note that
the maximum no load speed with rectifier control is (π/2) times this value. Boundary between continuous and
discontinuous conduction is shown by dotted line (Fig. 3(d)). For torques less than rated, a low power drive
mainly operates in discontinuous conduction. In continuous conduction, the speed-torque characteristics are
parallel straight lines, whose slope, according to (3.2), depends on the armature circuit resistance Ra. Effect of
discontinuous conduction is to make speed regulation poor. This behavior can be explained from waveforms of
Figs. 3(b) and (c). In continuous conduction, for a given α, any increase in torque causes ωm and E to drop so
that Ia and T can increase. Average terminal voltage Va remains constant.
Procedure:
3. Initially keep the firing and ‘α’ to 180° in order to limit current.
4. Slowly decrease the firing angle ‘α’ from 180° to 0° in steps of 60°.
5. Tabulate the speed, torque and output voltage for different loads for each value of α
6. Note that the current should not exceed the ratings as well as the speed of the motor.
7. Measure the speed of DC motor using Tachometer and note the values.
8. Slowly decrease the firing angle ‘α’ to 180° and turn off the supply.
Calculations:
If F1 and F2 are the spring balance readings and ‘r’ is the radius of the brake drum in ‘meters’, then the shaft
torque is given by Tsh = (F1 - F2) x r Kg-mt.
Tabular column:
Calculation:
Result:
Experiment-4
Circuit Diagram
Waveform:
Experiment-4
To implement speed control of DC separately excited electric drive in I and II Quadrant Chopper control
below base speed using H-Bridge.
Aim:
To study and plot the speed Vs torque characteristics of a DC separately excited electric drive in I and II Quadrant
using H-Bridge Chopper control drive.
Components/apparatus required:
Equipment Specification
DC separately excited motor
Rectifier Module
Firing circuit module
Tachometer
Ammeter
Voltmeter
DSO
Connecting wires
Theory:
From Fig. 4(a), for the load to operate in first quadrant (forward motoring), the switches S1 and S4 are operated.
Here, the switch S1 is switched whereas switch S4 is kept on. Therefore, both the voltage and current across
and through the load are positive rotating the motor in forward direction. Now, the speed of the motor can be
varied by varying the duty cycle of the switch S1. As the duty cycle varies, the voltage across the armature of
motor varies proportionally thereby varying the motor speed as the N is proportion to armature voltage.
To operate the chopper in the third quadrant, switches S3 and S2 are to be operated. Here, switch S3 is switched
and switch S2 is kept on. Now the voltage and current across and through the load are negative driving the
motor in reverse direction. Also the speed of the motor can be varied by varying the duty cycle (D) of the switch
S3. In this quadrant, the motor is in reverse motoring mode.
Procedure:
3. Initially keep the duty ratio minimum and turn on the switch S1 and S4.
5. Tabulate the speed, torque and output voltage for different duty ratios.
6. Note that the current should not exceed the ratings as well as the speed of the motor.
7. Measure the speed of DC motor using Tachometer and note the values.
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PG M.Tech (Power Electronics) Analysis and Control of Electric Drives Lab manual
8. Repeat the same (steps 2-7) for switches S2 and S3 and observe the motor running in reverse direction and
note down the values.
Tabular column:
Result:
Experiment-5
Circuit Diagram:
5(a)
Waveforms:
Experiment-5
To implement speed control of single-phase induction motor using Triac-based phase control method.
Aim:
To control the speed of a single-phase induction motor and plot speed Vs torque characteristics.
Components/apparatus required:
Equipment Specification
DC separately excited motor
Triac Module
Firing circuit module
Tachometer
Ammeter
Voltmeter
DSO
Connecting wires
Theory:
For a single phase supply, Two SCRs are connected back to back Voltage Controller as shown in the circuit
diagram. The Upper Thyristor will provide the controlled output during Positive half Cycle and Lower Thyristor
will provide the controlled output during Negative Half Cycle.
For a Single Phase AC Supply, Two SCRs can be replaced by a Single Phase TRIAC Voltage controller/DRIVE
as shown in the figure below. Speed control can obtain by varying the firing angle of the SCRs/TRIAC. These
controllers are known as Solid State Fan Regulators. As the solid state Regulators are more compact and
efficient as compared to the conventional variable Regulator. Thus, this controller is preferred over the normal
regulator.
Procedure:
1) The circuit is connected as shown in the figure, after ensuring that the devices are in good working condition.
The triggering module for the above circuit is energized with a 10V dual supply and the triggering signals
are observed on the CRO.
2) The triggering circuit is connected to the gates of the respective SCRs and the supply to the power circuit
is given.
3) A moving 0-250V voltmeter is connected across the load terminals and a DMM is connected across the
pedestal voltage pot. The pedestal pot is slowly varied and the corresponding pedestal voltage and the
voltage across the load are noted down and tabulated as shown below:
Tabular column:
Calculation:
Result:
Experiment-6
To implement speed control of induction motor using PWM inverter by changing the stator voltage.
Aim:
To design and simulate ZVS RESONANT converter for open loop operation.
Components/apparatus required:
PSIM/MATLAB software, DC voltage source, synchronous pulse generator, MOSFET/IGBT module, Diode,
designed inductor, capacitor, resistor, DSO, Multi-meter.
Circuit diagram:
Waveforms: