Scribd
Upload
8 views5 pages

TWS Assign 2024

This document presents a comparative analysis of Machine Learning techniques for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the effectiveness of various algorithms. XGBoost was identified as the top-performing model, surpassing others in accuracy, precision, and F1-score. The review highlights the importance of ensemble methods and suggests future research directions to enhance the reliability of ML-based diagnostics.

Uploaded by

Brilliant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views5 pages

TWS Assign 2024

This document presents a comparative analysis of Machine Learning techniques for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the effectiveness of various algorithms. XGBoost was identified as the top-performing model, surpassing others in accuracy, precision, and F1-score. The review highlights the importance of ensemble methods and suggests future research directions to enhance the reliability of ML-based diagnostics.

Uploaded by

Brilliant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

BANGLADESH OPEN UNIVERSITY

Computer Science and Engineering (SST) ,Dhaka Regional Centre (DRC)

Assignment No:- 01
Title :- A Review on Machine Learning Techniques for Early Detection of
Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comparative Analysis
Course Code :- CSE32P9.
Course Title :- Technical Writing and Seminar

Prepared By :

Name : Sajib Chandra Das Name : Chaity Rani Das


ID : 17-0-52-801-059 (5th Batch) ID : 19-0-52-801-028
Session : 2017-2018 Session : 2019-2020

Submitted To:- Name : Dr. Mohammad Mamunur Rashid


Deg. : Professor

Date of Submission :- December 20th, 2024.


Title
A Review on Machine Learning Techniques for Early Detection of Cardiovascular
Diseases: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, making
early detection essential for effective treatment and improved outcomes. Machine
Learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated significant potential in automating the
detection of heart diseases, enabling healthcare professionals to make accurate and timely
decisions. This review critically examines the methodology, implementation, and
performance of various ML algorithms for heart disease detection as explored in the
original research paper. The study compared techniques such as Decision Trees, Logistic
Regression, Naive-Bayes, and ensemble learning methods (Random Forest, Gradient
Boosting, Bagging, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and Voting). XGBoost emerged as the most
effective model, outperforming others in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This
review highlights the strengths and limitations of each technique, emphasizing the critical
role of advanced ensemble learning in the field of cardiovascular diagnostics.

1. Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a major global health crisis, leading to
high rates of mortality and morbidity. Risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes,
obesity, and environmental pollution exacerbate the prevalence of heart diseases.
Accurate and early detection is vital for timely medical interventions that can save lives.

In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) has transformed medical diagnostics by


automating decision-making processes. ML techniques provide predictive models
capable of analyzing large datasets and identifying patterns associated with heart
diseases. The research paper, “Enhancing Early Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases
using Machine Learning Techniques: A Comparative Study,” explores and compares
multiple ML techniques to determine their efficacy in heart disease detection. This
review critically analyzes the study's methods, models, findings, and contributions to the
field.

2. Overview of the Dataset and Preprocessing


The study uses the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset,
which includes 253,680 samples and 22 features such as age, gender, lifestyle habits, and
medical history. The dataset is highly imbalanced, with a significant majority of non-
heart disease cases (229,787) compared to heart disease cases (23,893).

To address this imbalance, the authors employed:

Data Cleaning: Handling missing values, removing duplicates, and standardizing the data
using Standard Scaler.
Resampling with SMOTE: The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique was used to
balance the dataset by creating synthetic samples of the minority class.
Dataset Splitting: The data was split into 80% training and 20% testing sets to ensure
robust model training and evaluation.

3. Machine Learning Techniques Applied


The study compared both traditional ML models and ensemble learning techniques for
heart disease detection. A summary of the techniques is provided below:

Decision Tree:
A simple, interpretable model that partitions data into subsets.
Strength: Easy to visualize.
Weakness: Overfitting when dealing with complex data.
Logistic Regression:

A linear model used for binary classification.


Strength: Simple and efficient.
Weakness: Limited performance with non-linear relationships.
Naive-Bayes Classifier:

A probabilistic model assuming feature independence.


Strength: Fast and computationally efficient.
Weakness: Assumption of independence may not hold in real-world data.
Ensemble Techniques:
These methods combine predictions from multiple models to improve performance.

Random Forest: Builds multiple decision trees and averages their predictions.
Gradient Boosting: Sequentially reduces errors of weak models.
Bagging: Reduces variance by averaging predictions from multiple models.
XGBoost: An advanced, optimized gradient boosting method.
AdaBoost: Focuses on misclassified samples to improve predictions.
Voting Ensemble: Combines multiple models and selects the majority vote as the final
output.
4. Evaluation Metrics
The models were evaluated using four key performance metrics:

Accuracy: Overall correctness of predictions.


Precision: The proportion of correctly identified positive cases among all predicted
positives.
Recall: The model’s ability to identify all actual positive cases.
F1-Score: A harmonic mean of precision and recall, useful for imbalanced datasets.
These metrics provide a comprehensive understanding of the model’s ability to handle
real-world data, especially in the context of medical diagnostics.

5. Results and Discussion


The performance of each model is summarized below:
Model Accuracy Precision Recall F1-Score
Logistic Regression 78.25% 76.45% 81.64% 78.96%
Decision Tree 89.45% 90.59% 88.02% 89.29%
Naive-Bayes 73.68% 74.78% 71.44% 73.08%
Random Forest 82.88% 79.54% 88.53% 83.79%
XGBoost 94.91% 98.76% 90.95% 94.69%
AdaBoost 89.67% 89.79% 89.54% 89.66%
Voting Ensemble 92.85% 95.06% 90.39% 92.66%

Key Findings:

XGBoost emerged as the top-performing model, achieving the highest accuracy


(94.91%), precision (98.76%), and F1-score (94.69%).
Ensemble methods (e.g., Voting and AdaBoost) also performed well, leveraging the
strengths of multiple models.
Traditional models like Logistic Regression and Naive-Bayes showed moderate
performance, while Decision Trees demonstrated strong interpretability but lower
precision.
The results highlight the superiority of advanced ensemble techniques, particularly
XGBoost, for heart disease detection due to their ability to handle complex data.

6. Conclusion
This study demonstrates the potential of Machine Learning techniques in improving early
detection of cardiovascular diseases. By comparing multiple models, XGBoost proved to
be the most effective in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Ensemble techniques
like Voting and Bagging also performed well, indicating that combining multiple models
enhances diagnostic performance.

7. Future Directions
The authors suggest several areas for further research:
Hyperparameter Optimization: Fine-tuning model parameters for improved accuracy.
Feature Engineering: Exploring new ways to extract meaningful features from the
dataset.
Diverse Datasets: Testing the models on datasets from different populations to assess
generalizability.
These steps can further enhance the reliability and applicability of ML-based heart
disease detection systems.

8. Implications for Healthcare


The integration of ML models like XGBoost into clinical practice can revolutionize
cardiovascular diagnostics:

Early Detection: Timely identification of high-risk patients for early interventions.


Improved Decision-Making: Providing doctors with reliable, data-driven predictions.
Reduced Mortality Rates: Early diagnosis can lead to better treatment outcomes and
lower mortality rates.

References
The review includes relevant studies, as cited in the original research paper, to support
findings and comparisons.

You might also like