General

Chemistry 2 11
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Heating and Cooling Curve of a Substance
First Edition, 2020

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General
Chemistry 2
11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 6
Heating and Cooling Curve
of a Substance
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Quarter 3 Module 6 on Heating and

Cooling Curve of a Substance!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by their
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through their mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the General Chemistry 1 Quarter 3 Module 6 on Heating and

Cooling Curve of a Substance!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. As an
active learner you will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points the set of knowledge and skills that

you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
This module is developed and designed for Senior High School STEM
students. This lesson is about the heating and cooling curve of a substance. Hence,
you are expected to:

1. describe heating and cooling curve of a substance;

2. explain the heating and cooling curve of a substance; and,
3. appreciate the importance of heating and cooling curve in industries.

PRE–TEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What do plateaus in a heating and cooling curve of a substance imply?

A. a phase change occurs
B. kinetic energy is speeding
C. temperature is in a constant value
D. all the solid substance is completely melted

2. What does dynamic equilibrium would mean?

A. it is an irreversible process
B. a state of imbalance between the continuing process
C. the temperature where solid/liquid or liquid/gas phases of matter co-
exist
D. the temperature where the solid and liquid phase of water co-exist at
equilibrium

For items 3 to 5, refer to the given heating curve of naphthalene:

3. What is happening in the potential energy during D – E?

A. increasing C. staying the same
B. decreasing D. increases and suddenly drops down

4. Which segment where kinetic energy remains constant?

A. A-B C. E-F
B. C-D D. B – C and D – E

5. What portion of the graph shows that solid and liquid co-exist?
A. B C. B – C
B. E D. B – C and D – E
 RECAP
You may find out that some of the questions are not familiar, don’t get
disappointed because this module is designed for you to make the topic easier to
understand.

Let us have a recap first!

Direction: Complete the table below. Write the values needed for the properties of water
in °C.
Physical Properties of Water Values
(°C)

Melting point

Boiling point

Freezing point

Condensation point

Did you notice the values are somewhat the same? Why is this so? I guess the next
topic can help us answer this question. Ok, let us now discuss the heating and
cooling curve of a substance.

L E S S ON
Are you aware of companies around Pasig that could
cater to the services as shown in the picture below?

The given picture is somewhat familiar because this is a company around

Pasig where they cater services like ice cubes and ice cream. This company that
we have is Mr. Freeze that started in the year 2005 and still on operation now. Mr.
Freeze is considered to be the top tube ice manufacturing business in the Philippines
having almost 22 years now in its existence. The company is recognized and received
the Meralco Luminary Award under the Small and Medium Enterprise category back
in 2012. This company included a livelihood program set up for tricycle drivers to
market Mr. Freeze`s ice in their communities and other urban areas. Through the
years, Mr. Freeze also helped small ice entrepreneurs to make their businesses
successful by working and growing together.
In chemistry, to unlock our curiosity on how freezing works in that company
of tube ice is a need to know the process of heating and cooling as essential points
in this module. Well, the importance of this topic is essential on how we keep food
fresh and safe. Thanks to companies of tube ice in Pasig City because we will be able
to enjoy beverages as cold and buy ice bags for the party. Ok, let us discuss these
heating and cooling curve of a substance.

Heating Curve of Water

Like many substances, water exists in different phases of matter: liquid, solid,
and gas. As water is heated up at a constant rate, the temperature changes which is
shown in the heating curve of water.

The heating curve of water or any substances can be drawn by plotting the
temperature on the y-axis, while the x-axis represents the heat that is constantly
added over time. There are two main observations on the measured curve; one of
which is the region where the temperature increases as heat is added and plateaus
where the temperature stays constant. What is the significance of plateaus on the
heating curve? It is at plateaus where a phase change occurs.

Figure 1

Let us analyze the heating curve of water by looking at the graph from left to
the right. There are five important parts of the heating curve these are:
(1) The solid ice is heated until the temperature reaches 0°C where a freezing point
or melting point is reached at point A.
(2) ) The melting period happens in segment A B where the temperature is held
constant.
(3) The temperature of this liquid rises in segment B C.
(4) The temperature will become constant again in segment C D.
(5) At point D, all liquid water has become gaseous water at 1 atm and 100°C.
Let`s have a detailed discussion on these five important parts of the heating curve of
water.
One of which is the solid ice is heated until the temperature reaches 0°C where
a freezing point or melting point is reached at point A. The amount of heat (q) can be
computed using the molar heat of fusion (ΔHfus). Molar heat of fusion (ΔHfus) is the
energy (kJ) required to melt 1 mole of a solid.
The melting period happens for the second distinct part (A B) in the heating
curve of water. The melting point of a solid and freezing point of a liquid is the
temperature where the solid and liquid phase of water co-exist at equilibrium
(dynamic equilibrium) which is shown from the figure as the first flat portion of the
curve (plateaus). In this part, the heat is being absorbed by the system. What can
you say about the temperature? Yes, the temperature remains constant. This heat
helps the molecules to overcome the attractive forces in the solid.

What does this dynamic liquid-solid equilibrium at 0°C and 1 atm would
mean? Can you think of a practical illustration of the dynamic equilibrium of water?
For example, a glass of ice water, wherein ice cubes melt to water and some of the
water in between the ice cubes may freeze. How did we know that there are freezing
water in between? It is the freezing water in between the ice cubes that joined the
cubes together.

However, this is not a good illustration of dynamic equilibrium because the glass is
not kept at 0°C which will let all the ice cubes to melt away. Remember that if we are
talking about the dynamic equilibrium, this will only exist if the reaction is reversible
meaning that the substances transition between reactants and products are at equal
rates ( there is no net change).

A good example of a dynamic equilibrium is shown from the figure where the water
is kept in a vacuum. of dynamic equilibrium because the glass is kept at 0°C which
will let all the liquid water to evaporate completely.
 Figure 2

The third important part of the heating curve is after all the solid water has
melted completely at segment (B). What do you think will happen to the temperature?
Correct! The temperature of the liquid begins to increase as the heat is absorbed by
the system. If we say that heat is absorbed we mean that there is an increase in the
average kinetic energy of the liquid molecules and the next thing to happen now is
that the temperature of this liquid rises (B C). This is shown in figure 2. Take
note that the specific heat of liquid water is different from the specific heat of ice
water.

Figure 3

The fourth important thing to happen is that the liquid will begin to boil and
reaches that temperature of the boiling point of water which is 100°C. The
temperature here will become constant again this is why a plateau is seen on the
graph. This stage is at liquid-vapor equilibrium which is shown in figure 3. Liquid-
vapor equilibrium would mean that as the number of vapor increases, these vapor
got strikes once again in the water surface and captured and turned into liquid
phase.

Figure 4
 The last important part of the heating curve of the water is at point D shown in
figure 4, where all liquid water has become gaseous water at 1 atm and 100°C. We
use the heat of vaporization to calculate how much heat is absorbed during this
point. The temperature will continue to increase, then the specific heat capacity of
gaseous water is different from that of ice or liquid water.

Let us move on with the cooling curve of water.

Cooling Curve of Water

Figure 5

The cooling curve of water shown in figure 5 starts with the gaseous state and
cools off until it hit the point of condensation. As it hits the point of condensation, it
releasing the heat energy making the temperature lowering down. But once it reaches
point (A), the vapor starts to liquid water which is the condensation point at 100°C.
The plateau part of the graph would mean that the temperature did not drop wherein
the heat of vaporization takes place. In that point from A B, a mixture of vapor
and liquid water is present. At point B, all the vapor is now condensed into water. As
soon as it reaches that point, the liquid water begins to drop and continue to decrease
as it releases more energy (exothermic) until it reaches its freezing point ( 0°C ) at
point (C). Here the liquid water begins to freeze and then there is no temperature
decrease occur. Heat of fusion takes place between the mixture of water liquid and
ice water from point C D.The energy is being released because the water is
turning now into ice. Time will reach all this liquid water is converted to ice which is
in point D.

Use these facts on the heating and cooling curve of water in answering the
following activities.
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1

Direction: Analyze each of the following statements whether it describes the heating
and cooling curve of water. Write TRUE if the statement is correct but if it’s false,
change the underlined word or group of words to make the whole statement true.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Dynamic equilibrium will only exist if the reaction is irreversible where the
substances transition between reactants and products are at equal rates.
2. At point B of the cooling curve, all the vapor is now condensed into water.
3. The melting point of a solid and freezing point of a liquid is the temperature
where the solid and liquid phase of water co-exist at equilibrium.
4. Endothermic happens if the liquid water begins to drop and continue to decrease
as it releases more energy until it reaches its freezing point ( 0°C ).
5. Plateaus are significant in the heating and boiling curve because it shows where
a phase change occurs.

Now, use these facts on ‘heating and cooling curve in answering Activity 2.

Activity 2
Direction: Use the heating curve of ethanol to answer the questions below.

Questions:
1. What point where ethanol begins to melt? _________________________
2. What is ethanol`s melting point? ___________________
3. What point where ethanol is all done melting? __________________
4. Between what point where solid and liquid ethanol co-exist? ________________
5. At what point is ethanol is all in its gas phase? _______________
6. Between what point where liquid and gas ethanol co-exist? ________________
7. Between what point where heat of fusion exist? _________________
8. Between what point where heat of vaporization exist? _______________

WRAP–UP

Direction: Label the distinct parts of the heating and cooling curves of water.

VALUING

Many may not be aware of a “NO FROST”refrigerator and some are aware of a
refrigerator where ice-cold built up in the fridge. Suggest ways to properly defrost a
freezer using hand. State your answer in a bullet form.

Finally, you made it! Take your last step and good luck!
 POST TEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

For items 1 to 5, refer to the given heating curve of naphthalene:

1. At what point in the heating curve of naphthalene represents the solid

naphthalene starts to melt?
A. A B. B C. C D. F

2. At what point from the given heating curve of naphthalene represents the liquid
naphthalene starts to boil?

A. B B. C C. D D. E

3. In which segment is the kinetic energy remains constant?

A. A - B B. B - C C. C – D D. E - F

4. Which segment takes the longest to occur?

A. A - B B. B - C C. C - D D. D – E

5. What state (s) of matter is present in segment B – C?

A. liquid B. solid C. solid and liquid D. liquid and gas

 KEY TO CORRECTION

10. 78°C
9. E and F
8. B and C
6. E and F
5. C 5. D 4. 100°C
4. D 4. B and C 3. 0°C
3. B 3. C 2. 100°C
2. C 2. -115°C 1. 0°C
1. B 1. B Recap
Posttest Activity 2

5. C
module. 5. TRUE 4. D
discussion part of the 4. Exothermic 3. A
curve from the 3. TRUE 2. C
heating and cooling 2. TRUE 1. C
Refer on the given 1. reversible Pretest
Wrap Up Activity 1
Activities

REFERENCES
Academy, Chan. 2015. Heating Curves and Cooling Curves. February 17.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEgQ2ToXRhw&t=390s.

Brown, Theodore. 2005. Chemistry: The central Science. Pearson/Prentice-Hall.

Chang, Raymond. 2004. Chemistry 8th edition. McGraw-Hill College.

INC., Mr. Freeze Tube Ice. 2012. Mr. Freeze Purified Tube ICe.
https://https://www.mrfreezetubeice.com//.

Learning, Boundless. 2019. Heating Curve for Water. November 11.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/heating-curve-for-
water/#:~:text=A%20heating%20curve%20graphically%20represents,curve%20mark%20the
%20phase%20changes.&text=The%20first%20change%20of%20phase,the%20same%20whil
e%20water%20melts.