‫‪Geology G11smester 1‬‬

‫السالم عليكم انا مازن العشري جريد ‪11‬ستيم دقهليه الفايل داه يحتوي علي‬
‫الصفح الي علينا فقط في‬
‫‪Earth comm‬‬
‫‪100 question after each lo‬‬

‫وبس ادعولي اخش طب ان شاء هللا‬

‫‪Lo 1‬‬
Q LO1

1- molecules of water are polar because the ………

A. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
B. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive .
C. oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being
slightly positive.
D. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being
slightly negative.
Answer : C

2- which of the following water samples would be most dense ?

A. cold fresh water
B. cold salty water
C. warm fresh water
D. warm salty water
Answer : B

3- The unique attractive forces that keep molecules of water

together are called ……
A. hydrogen bond
B. covalent bond
C. adhesion
D. cohesion
Answer : A

4- The density ocean water is increased by ……

A. Cooling and melting of fresh ice.
B. Heating and melting of fresh ice.
C. Cooling and freezing of fresh ice
D. Heating and freezing of fresh ice.
Answer : C
5- what is tapped into when digging a well looking for water in the
water cycle ?
A. An unground aquifer
B. An underground river
C. A sulfur spring
D. An irrigation ditch
Answer : A

6- Freshwater running underground are called:

A. rivers
B. streams
C. creeks
D. aquifers
Answer : D

7- The water cycle is driven by the:

A. sun
B. moon
C. cloud
D. oceans
Answer : A

8- 95% of the Earth’s water is stored in its:

A. rivers
B. oceans
C. glaciers
D. underground aquifers
Answer : B
9- water that soaks into the ground is called what in the water
cycle ?
A. Groundwater
B. Water table
C. Rainwater
D. Collected
Answer : A

10- condensation is when warm vapor rises , gets cold and does
what in the water cycle ?
A. Gathers in clouds
B. Falls out of the sky
C. Warms up again
D. Keeps rising until it turns to ice
Answer : A

11- Considering the water cycle how old could the water be in
glaciers and ice caps ?
A. Billions of years
B. Hundreds of years
C. Millions of years
D. Thousands of years
Answer : C

12- Studying the water cycle, why is the ocean salty ?

A. Salt is carried down in rainwater.
B. Human pollution made it that way.
C. It is rinsed from the scales and skin of ocean animals.
D. Groundwater picks up salt and minerals as it makes its way to
the ocean.
Answer : D
13- Clay has …………………
A. many and poorly connected pore spaces.
B. few and well connected pore spaces.
C. many and well connected pore spaces.
D. few and poorly connected pore spaces
Answer : D

14- the part of the water that travels over the ground surface
without passing beneath the surface
A. Water table
B. Water streams
C. Groundwater
D. Surface runoff
Answer : D

15- When water vapor cools into a liquid, it’s called:

A. condensation.
B. transpiration.
C. sublimation.
D. precipitation.
Answer : A

16 - Where is there more precipitation than evaporation within

the Earth system?
A. over the surface of Earth’s continents
B. over the surface of Earth’s oceans
C. over Earth’s poles
D. Evaporation and precipitation are equal over all parts of Earth.
Answer : A
17- Over which of the following areas the most clouds form?
A. One square-mile of land.
B. One square-mile of ocean.
C. One square-mile of a region covered with plant life.
D. One square-mile of a humid region along the equator.
Answer : B

18- Unusual properties of the water at the degree of temperature:

A. Zero
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
Answer : B

19- The dashed line in the figure below represents

A. The top unsaturated zone
B. The sea water level
C. The water tables
D. The bottom of saturated zone
Answer : C

20- The unusual properties of the water are due to ……….

A. Polar bonds between the molecules of water.
B. Hydrogen bonds between the molecules of water.
C. Ionic bonds between the molecules of water.
D. All the previous answers
Answer : B
21- What is groundwater?
A. All liquid water that resides beneath the Earth's surface
B. Only water that is stationary beneath the Earth's surface
C. Only the water found in underground lakes and rivers that is
clean enough to drink
D. Only water that is moving beneath the Earth's surface
Answer : A

22- Calving means that …

A. The liquid water at Earth’s surface.
B. The breaking away of a mass of ice from the glacial and moves
forward into ocean water.
C. Some of the rain that falls on Earth’s surface sinks directly into
the soil.
D. The water that remains in the soil after rainfall moves
downward toward the groundwater zone.
Answer : B

23- What is the connection between clouds and rain?

A. Clouds are empty and fill up with water. When the clouds are
full, it rains.
B. Clouds are empty and fill up with water and other things. When
the clouds are full, it rains.
C. Clouds are made up of water. When the temperature gets low
enough in the clouds, it rains.
D. Clouds are made up of water. When the temperature gets high
enough in the clouds, it rains.
Answer : C
24- What controls the direction of movement of the most surface
ocean currents?
A. Density differences at various ocean depths
B. Varying salt contents in the ocean
C. Prevailing winds
D. Volcanic activity
Answer : A

25- What are the 3 states of water on the earth?

A. Groundwater, lakes, and clouds
B. Liquid water, frozen water, and water vapor
C. Gas, steam, and vapor
D. Groundwater, oceans, and ice
Answer : B

26- What word means a change of state from liquid to gas?

A. Precipitation
B. Condensation
C. Infiltration
D. Evaporation
Answer : D

27- How is water stored in an aquifer?

A. In an open underground lake
B. In crack and pore spaces in rocks
C. In impermeable rock
D. In wells and springs
Answer : B
28- The groundwater passes most easily through sand than clay
because
A. Grains of sand are larger and poorly connected pore spaces
than those of clay.
B. Grains of sand are smaller and poorly connected pore spaces
than those of clay.
C. Grains of sand are larger and well-connected pore spaces than
those of clay.
D. Grains of sand are impermeable while grains of clay are
permeable.
Answer : C

29- What are the two major processes in the water cycle?
A. Precipitation and condensation
B. Evaporation and precipitation
C. Transpiration and evaporation
D. Condensation and transpiration
Answer : B

30- Ice floats on liquid water because ……………….

A. Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther
apart than the water molecules of liquid water.
B. The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice
from sinking
C. Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat.
D. The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid
Answer : A
31- artificial sources of water include?
A. Aquifers.
B. Aqueducts.
C. Springs.
D. All of the above.
Answer : B

32- Why does ice float on top of water?

A. Because of the oxygen bonding
B. Because water is denser than ice
C. Because water is less dense than ice
D. Because of the intermolecular forces
Answer : B

33- properties of water include?

A. Polarity.
B. Low surface tension.
C. Concentration upon freezing.
D. Two of the above.
Answer : A

34- most fresh water in the earth occurs in?

A. Lakes and ponds.
B. River and streams.
C. Glaciers and ice sheets.
D. Soil and underground rooks.
Answer : C
35- Layers that transmit groundwater are called ______.
A. Aquicludes
B. Aquifers
C. Influent streams
D. Unsaturated zones
Answer : B

36- Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is

relatively…..
A. High to areas where it is relatively low
B. Low to areas where it is relatively high
C. Equal elevations
D. All of the above
Answer : A

37- What activity results in the development of a feature called a

cone of depression?
A. Compaction
B. Over-pumping
C. Subsidence
D. Saltwater incursion
Answer : B

38- What is the term for a relatively impermeable geologic unit?

A. An artesian
B. An aquiclude
C. An aquifer
D. None of these
Answer : B
39- The percent of available freshwater is _____ of the total water
on Earth.
A. 97 %
B. 2.7 %
C. 10 %
D. Less than 1%
Answer : B

40- What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in

common with reference to water?
A. All increase when temperature increases.
B. All are produced by ionic bonding.
C. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding.
D. All have to do with nonpolar covalent bonds.
Answer : C

41- The major processes in the water cycle are

A. Melting and infiltration
B. Transpiration and condensation
C. Evaporation and precipitation
D. Surface runoff and groundwater flow
Answer : C

42- Where does the energy that powers the water cycle come
from?
A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Electrical outlets
D. The sun
Answer : D
43- What is the correct term for moisture that falls to the ground
from clouds?
A. Condensation
B. Precipitation
C. Hibernation
D. Evaporation
Answer : B

44- What are the three stages of the water cycle?

A. Evaporation, condensation, precipitation
B. Condensation, precipitation, hibernation
C. Precipitation, dehydration, evaporation
D. Transpiration, dehydration, condensation
Answer : A

45- What is the correct term for plants releasing water from their
leaves, which then evaporates?
A. Evaporation
B. Precipitation
C. Transpiration
D. Condensation
Answer : C

46- Which of the following is NOT part of the water cycle?

A. Water evaporating from a lake.
B. Water infiltrating into the soil and bedrock.
C. Calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater.
D. Water moving into creeks and streams following a rainstorm.
Answer : C
47- Which of the following is Not a property of water?
A. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to
an oxygen atom.
B. A water molecule has a negative charge on one side and a
positive charge on the other.
C. Water has a low boiling point as well as a low freezing point.
D. The heat capacity of water is far higher than any other common
substance.
Answer : C

48- Why is frozen water less dense than liquid water?

A. The molecules in frozen water form an open structure that is
more spacious than the more closely packed molecules of liquid
water.
B. Frozen water is not less dense than liquid water.
C. The thermal vibrations of molecules in frozen water are
stronger than those of liquid water.
D. Molecules in frozen water repel one another while in liquid
water they are attracted to one another.
Answer : A

49- Where is there more evaporation than precipitation within

the earth system?
A. Over the surface of Earth's oceans.
B. Over the surface of Earth's continents.
C. Over Earth's poles.
D. Evaporation and precipitation are equal over all parts of Earth.
Answer : A
50- How does the movement of water vapor compare to the
movement of liquid and solid through the earth system?
A. There is a net movement of water vapor from the continents to
the oceans, and net movement of liquid and solid water from the
oceans to the continents.
B. Water vapor does not move over the continents, and liquid and
solid water don't move to the oceans.
C. The water vapor in the Earth system is not significant and
cannot be compared to the much greater volumes of liquid and
solid water.
D. There is a net movement of water vapor from the oceans to the
continents, and net movement of liquid and solid water from the
continents to the ocean.
Answer : D
Lo 2
Q lo 2

A. A poorly stored, cemented sandstone.

B. A poorly stored, non- cemented sandstone.
C. A well- stored, cemented sandstone.
D. A well- stored, non-cemented sandstone.
Answer : D

2- surface water is obtained from …….

A. Springs
B. Rain
C. Dam
D. Well
Answer : B

3- The rock would most likely form an aquifer is the

A. Basalt
B. Limestone
C. Siltstone
D. Sandstone
Answer : D

4- The continuous movement of water from the ocean, to the

atmosphere, to the land, and back to the ocean is……
A. Condensation
B. Precipitation
C. Evapotranspiration
D. Water cycle
Answer : D
5- Pumping water from a well tends to….
A. Lower the water table around the well.
B. Raise the water table around the well.
C. Decrease the quality of ground water.
D. Increase the quality of the ground water.
Answer : A

6- The volume of water entering the reservoir from the river is ….

A. Controlled by man & vary from season to season.
B. Controlled by man & constant during seasons.
C. Vary from season to season and man cannot control it.
D. Constant during seasons and man cannot control it.
Answer : A

7- What factor can be manipulated in times of drought to make

the system operate as efficiently as possible?
A. Rains
B. Oceans
C. Groundwater
D. River stream
Answer : C

8- Stream discharge of the river is ….

A. During drought time greater than in floods.
B. During floods is greater than in drought time.
C. Constant during seasons.
D. Affected by table of groundwater.
Answer : B
9- From the disadvantages of dams is……
A. Decreasing the effect of floods.
B. Increasing the sources of water.
C. Increasing the room for storing water behind the dam.
D. Decreasing the room for storing water behind the dam.
Answer : D

10- From the figure, the region s A,B&C are the....in order.
A. Unsaturated zone, saturated zone & cone of depression.
B. Saturated zone, cone of depression & unsaturated zone.
C. Cone of depression, saturated zone & unsaturated zone.
D. Unsaturated zone, cone of depression & saturated zone.
Answer : B

11- The non-consumptive water is water that is returned to…….

A. The atmosphere after evaporation.
B. The hydrosphere after condensation.
C. The lithosphere after condensation.
D. The natural environmental after human use.
Answer : D

12- Using plants that are naturally adapted to the climate change
of the area interpret……..
A. Conserve water
B. Waste water
C. Non-consumptive water use
D. Both of A and C Answer : A
13- The principal heat reservoir on earth’s surface are…….
A. The atmosphere and lithosphere
B. The rivers
C. The oceans
D. The lithosphere and biosphere
Answer : C
14- The rate of movement of water from one reservoir to another
interprets ………
A. Water table
B. Porosity
C. Permeability
D. Flux
Answer : D

15- Ice floats in water interpret the water molecules…….

A. Occupy less space
B. Higher density
C. Packed closely
D. All of the above
Answer : D

16- A negative charge on one side and a positive charge on the

other interpret a water molecule…..
A. A polar molecule
B. A magnetic molecule
C. An opposite molecule
D. A diverse molecule
Answer : A
17- Earth’s surface water is actually not exactly a closed system...
A. Relatively large amounts of water are evaporated and
condensate from the system.
B. Relatively large amounts of water condensate to the system.
C. Some water flow from rivers to the oceans and seas.
D. Volcanoes release water vapor contained in the molten rock.
Answer : D

18- Earth’s surface water is actually not exactly a closed

system……
A. Relatively small amounts are gained or lost from the system
B. Some water is buried deep in earth for geologically long times
C. Volcanoes release water vapor contained in the molten rock
D. All of the above
Answer : D

19- Over earth’s oceans there is …….

A. More evaporation than precipitation
B. More precipitation than evaporation
C. Equal precipitation with evaporation
D. None of the above
Answer : A

20- The only common substance that exists at earth’s surface is …

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. CO2
D. Water
Answer : D
21- The groundwater speeds in aquifers are different where
A. The smaller the pore spaces between the grains, the faster the
groundwater flows.
B. The smaller the pore spaces between the grains, the slower the
groundwater flows.
C. The greater the pore spaces between the grains, the slower the
groundwater flows.
D. The greater the impermeable pore spaces between the grains,
the faster the groundwater flows.
Answer : B

22- If droplets of liquid water are close to the ground they form ….
A. Rain
B. Fog
C. Snow
D. Hail
Answer : B

23- ………… are examples of permeable materials.

A. Clay and sand
B. Sand and gravel
C. Gravel and granite
D. Clay and granite
Answer : B

24- Percolate is a term used to describe ……….

A. The passing of water through a porous material
B. The unsaturated zone
C. The pores in the sediment and rock are mostly filled with air
D. All of the above
Answer : D
25- The top of the saturated zone is called……..
A. Water table
B. Saturated zone
C. Unsaturated zone
D. All of the above
Answer : A

26- Groundwater speeds of one meter per day are considered…….

A. High
B. Low
C. Medium
D. None of the above
Answer : A

27- Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is

relatively ……
A. High to areas where it is relative low
B. Low to areas where it is relative high
C. Equal elevations
D. All of the above
Answer : A

28- The process which a water vapor released into the

atmosphere from plant surface interprets ……….
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Evaporation
D. Infiltration
29 - Where does the energy that powers the water cycle come
from?
A. plants
B. animals
C. electrical outlets
D. the sun
Answer : D

30- What is the correct term for moisture that falls to the ground
from clouds?
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. hibernation
D. evaporation
Answer : B

31- From where does most water evaporate?

A. puddles
B. rivers
C. lakes
D. oceans
Answer : D

32- What is the correct term for plants releasing water from their
leaves, which then evaporates?
A. evaporation
B. precipitation
C. transpiration
D. condensation
Answer : C
33- What happens when the water table is lowered?
A. deflation
B. inflation
C. contraction
D. subsidence
Answer : D

34- The Ogallala Aquifer covers….

A. 4,400 square kilometers
B. 44,000 square kilometers
C. 4.4 million square kilometers
D. 440,000 square kilometers
Answer : D

35- The way water moves through soil particles is called….

A. capillary action
B. vein action
C. permeable movement
D. porous movement
Answer : A

36- What are the two features of a good aquifer?

A. high porosity and high permeability
B. low porosity and high permeability
C. high porosity and low permeability
D. low porosity and low permeability
Answer : A
37- Below ground, the water table
A. is flat
B. roughly slopes downward to the discharge area
C. roughly slopes upward to the recharge area
D. roughly follows the slope of the land surface
Answer : D

38- For the water in a groundwater aquifer to stay at the same

level
A. recharge must be greater than discharge
B. recharge must be equal to discharge
C. recharge must be less than discharge
D. none of these; the two are not related
Answer : B
39- Underground water that is not part of a large water body is
a(n)
A. aquifer
B. aquiclude
C. spring
D. sinkhole
Answer : B

40- The Great Lakes….

A. contain 12% of the world's fresh surface water.
B. have tides.
C. are so cold, not much lives in them.
D. formed when tectonic faults created basins.
Answer : B
41- The river with the largest water flow is the
A. Nile
B. Mississippi
C. Colorado
D. Amazon
Answer : D

42- The study of fresh water bodies and their organisms is called…
A. limnology
B. lakology
C. oceanology
D. hydrology
Answer : A

43- Two streams meet at a point called:

A. conjoinment
B. confluence
C. consignment
D. Condense
Answer : B

44- Most lakes formed….

A. in volcanic craters
B. by glaciers
C. in down-dropped fault zones
D. during marine transgressions
Answer : B
45- The portion of a lake with a lot of scavengers and no plants is
the
A. littoral zone
B. open-water zone
C. deep-water zone
D. photic zone
Answer : C

46- The portion of a lake with plants growing from the sediment is
the
A. littoral zone
B. open-water zone
C. deep-water zone
D. photic zone
Answer : A

47- Lakes
A. are all features that last thousands of years.
B. are permanent features of a landscape.
C. can be seasonal or can disappear over time.
D. none of these.
Answer : C

48- What source usually replenishes ground water?

A. Precipitation.
B. Underground streams.
C. Surface water.
D. Municipal wastewater.
Answer : A
49- The term artesian is applied to
A. Places where water occurs on the surface.
B. Regions where sea water enters the groundwater system.
C. A well drilled to great depths.
D. Any situation in which groundwater under pressure rises above
the level of the aquifer.
Answer : D

50- a levee on river bank

A. Keeps flood waters from going over the banks all along the
river.
B. Does little to protect the land near the river bank.
C. May increase flood waters upstream or downstream from the
level.
D. None of these.
Answer : C
Lo 3
Q LO 3

Which if the following irrigation techniques is least wasteful of water?

a. flood irrigation
b. sprinkler irrigation
c. furrow irrigation
d. drip irrigation
Answer: D

Drip irrigation is
an efficient method for watering crops

a non-consumptive water use

an inefficient method for watering crops
used by manufacturing companies to reduce costs
planting crops based on the climate

Answer: A
Which of the following is a consumptive use of water?
watering the lawn
electricity production
washing a car in a car wash
flushing the commode

Answer: A

To conserve the greatest amount of freshwater, conservation efforts

should focus on
consumptive uses
domestic uses
industrial uses
non consumptive uses

Answer: D
The most appropriate use of rainwater harvesting is
Irrigation
Agriculture
Drinking water
Rise of ground water level
None of the above

Answer: a
A saturated geological unit which can yield water to the wells at a
sufficient rate to support a well is called

Karst

Estuary

Both Karst and Estuary

Aquifer

Answer: d
The main purpose of rainwater harvesting is recharge the
Spring
Well
Canal
Groundwater
None of the above/More than one of the above.

Answer: d
What is rainwater harvesting?
Collection and storage of used water
Collection and storage of rainwater
Distribution of water
All the above
None of the above
Answer: b
What is the purpose of rainwater harvesting?
To hold rainwater on the surface of the earth.
To recharge ground water.
To use water for the irrigation of crops.
To rear fish
None of the above

Answer: b
Wells, canals, tanks and river lift systems are different methods of
Water storage
Crop improvement
Irrigation
Cropping pattern
None of the above/More than one of the above.

Answer: c
Which of the following does not show water shortage?
Taps running dry
Long queues for getting water
Marches and protests for demand of water
A family gets three buckets of water per person per day
None of the above/More than one of the above.

Answer: d
The collection of rainwater for future use is called
rainwater collection
rainwater pumping
Rain digging
rainwater harvesting

Answer: d
A technique of watering plants by making use of narrow tubing
which delivers water directly to the base of the plant is called

nano- irrigation

micro-irrigation

femto-irrigation

drip-irrigation

Answer: d
Which of the following is a source of freshwater?
Groundwater
Rainwater
Surface run-off
All of the above

Answer: d
Which of the following will lead to a reduction in the availability
of groundwater?
Afforestation
Rainwater harvesting
Constructing dams and lakes
Building concrete roads

Answer: d
The primary source of water is ____.
River water
Rainwater
Groundwater
All of the above

Answer: b
The water that is fit for drinking is called _____.
Potable water
Portable water
Portrayed water
None of the above

Answer: a
Where is most of the freshwater found on Earth?
lakes
glaciers
oceans
Rivers

Answer: b
Approximately what percentage of the water on Earth is
freshwater?
0.1%
3%
50%
97%

Answer: b
Why can we not easily access most of the Earth's sources of
freshwater?
They are locked in glaciers and ice caps
They are deep under the ground making impossible to access
They're invisible to the human eye
None of the above

Answer: a
How do plants and animals survive with little freshwater?
They adapt to their environment
They move to the ocean
There are no species of plants and animals that survive without lots of
freshwater
None of the above Answer: a
If we wish to protect the largest supply of liquid freshwater, we
need to prevent pollution of ____________.

lakes

aquifers

wetlands

Rivers

Answer: b
If we wish to draw from the biggest water supply in order to
provide more water to people around the world, which is the best
option?

building more desalination plants

withdrawing more groundwater

increasing diversion of rivers

building more dams

Answer: a
Water that can be recycled and reused is called ____________water
use.
Non-consumptive
Consumptive
Non-commercial
Commercial

Answer: a
To decrease the amount of water you use in your household you could
Use drip irrigation.
Install low-flow shower heads and toilets.
Reduce the amount of time you take in the shower.
All of these.

Answer: d
Drip irrigation is better than other types of irrigation because
It is more efficient
It costs less
There is little evaporation and runoff
All of the above

Answer: d

Recreational uses of water

Make up a large part of the water use in developed countries.
Can be extremely wasteful of water.
Are all non-consumptive.
Are not a good use of water.

Answer: b

Which is not a feature of environmental uses of water?

They account for a large portion of the water use in developed
countries.
They are non-consumptive.
They increase or maintain biodiversity.
They provide habitat for fish and water birds.

Answer: a
Overhead sprinklers, trench irrigation, and flood irrigation are
wasteful because
A lot of the water evaporates.
A lot of the water runs off the fields without being used.
The water is not directed to the plants that needed.
A&B

Answer: d
Water use planning involves all of the following issues except
wastewater treatment
water diversion projects
storm sewer drainage
water use planning considers all of the above issues

Answer: d
A major in-stream use of water is for
producing hydroelectric power.
dissolving industrial wastes.
agricultural irrigation.
domestic use
none of the above.

Answer: a
The Non consumptive water is water that is returned to ......
the atmosphere after evaporation.
the hydrosphere after condensation.
the lithosphere after condensation.
the natural environment after human use.

Answer: d
Using plants that are naturally adapted to the climate of the area
interpret ………
conserve water.
wastewater.
Non consumptive water use.
both A and C.

Answer: a
Traditional methods of irrigation are not efficient because
Farmers plow the ground too deeply.
Farmers plant crops too far apart.
too much water lands on the leaves of crops.
Water evaporates or soaks into the soil between crops.
Answer: d
Which of the following is an example of over consumption of water?
Xeriscaping
low-flush toilet
faucets with motion sensors
landscaping with grasses in hot dry climates

Answer: d
The two largest uses of fresh water in Egypt are
livestock and mining.
power plants and manufacturing industries.
public supply and irrigation.
homeowners and mining.

Answer: c

Which of the following is an example of a consumptive use of water?

water used for toilet flushing
water used for bathing
water from a lawn sprinkler that evaporates
water used for washing cars

Answer: C
The portion of water used on lawns and gardens that evaporates
before soaking into the ground is consider
Non consumptive water.
consumptive water.
wastewater.
water conservation.

Answer: b
In arid region communities where new water sources are limited.
It is very important to
build dams and reservoirs.
xeriscaping.
use faucets with motion sensors.
 all of the above.

Answer: b
The least irrigation techniques wasteful of water is
drip irrigation.
flood irrigation.
sprinkler irrigation.
furrow irrigation.

Answer: a
If we wish to protect the largest supply of liquid freshwater, we
need to prevent pollution of
wetlands
rivers
lakes
aquifers

Answer: d
Water use planning involves all of the following issues except
wastewater treatment
rain water uses
water diversion projects
storm sewer drainage

Answer: b
To conserve the greatest amount of freshwater, conservation efforts
should focus on
consumptive uses.
non consumptive uses.
domestic uses.
industrial uses.

Answer: b
Overhead sprinklers, trench irrigation, and flood irrigation are
wasteful because
A little of the water runs off the fields without being used.
 A lot of the water runs off the fields without being used.
The water is not directed to the plants that needed.
None of the water evaporates.

Answer: b
Drip irrigation is
The least irrigation techniques wasteful of water
The highest irrigation techniques wasteful of water
The least irrigation techniques saving water
The highest irrigation techniques consume water

Answer: a
The greatest amount of freshwater conservation is in
non consumptive uses
consumptive uses
domestic uses
industrial uses

Answer: a
A consumptive use of water is
Electricity production
Flushing the commode
Washing a car in a car wash
Watering the lawn

Answer: d
Consumptive water is
in domestic uses
in washing a car
produced from respiration
building dams

Answer: c
From the opposite figure answer the question: This is an example
of……. use.
Consumptive
Non-consumptive
Commercial
Non-commercial

Answer: a
….. providing more water to people around the world.
increasing diversion of rivers
building more dams
building more desalination plants
withdrawing more groundwater

Answer: c
LO4
Q LO 4 ‫إجابات تحت خالص‬

? which of the following is not a substance that can pollute water supplies -
a- sewage
b- road salts
c- agricultural pesticides
d- runoff

how are nitrates and phosphates commonly introduced to water supplies -

?
a- through fertilizers
b- through waste from organisms
c- from detergents
d- all of the above

steam from a power why is the water that is used to cool and condense -
? plant and returned to rivers , lakes, or the ocean a problem
a- the water is warmer than the water body it enters and does not hold as
much oxygen , so less is a available for organisms
b- the water is warmer than the body it enters and can cause the
. replacement of existing organisms by warmer- water organisms

.c- the water is warmer than the body it enters and kill organisms
d- all of the above

…Hardness in water is measured by the amount of- .

+a) Ca2
+b) Zn2
+c) Mg2
d) Both A and B
e) Both A and C

what is it usually more difficult to solve problems of surface- water -

? pollution
a- groundwater pollutants come from a greater variety of sources than
. surface- water pollutants
b- groundwater pollutants come from a greater variety of sources than
surface-water pollutants
c- groundwater moves much more slowly than surface water
d-groundwater is much more difficult to access than surface water

what purpose does chlorine serve in the wastewater treatment process -

a- it reduces the cloudiness of water
c- it helps prevent tooth decay
d- it softens water , which prevents damage to plumbing

All of the following are considered toxic metal pollutants EXCEPT

a) Chromium
b) Cadmium
c) Potassium
d) Lead
e) Mercury

Since the Clean Water Act of 1972, the quantities of nitrate and .
…phosphate entering surface waters have
a) Decreased significantly for both point and nonpoint sources
b) Decreased significantly for nonpoint sources but not point sources
c) Decreased significantly for point sources but not nonpoint sources
d) Changed insignificantly
e) None of the above

Which of the following is the best example of a point source of water .

?pollution
a) Storm water
b) Acid rain
c) Agricultural Runoff
d) Factory effluent
e) Residential pesticide runoff
Hardness in water is measured by the amount of .
+a) Ca2
+b) Zn2
+c) Mg2
d) Both A and B
e) Both A and C

Excess fluoride in drinking water is likely to cause:

(a) Blue baby syndrome
(b) Fluorosis
(c) Change in taste and odour
(d) Intestinal irritation

Fluoride pollution mainly affects:

(a) Kidney
(b) Brain
(c) Heart
(d) Teeth

Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

(a) Factories
(b) Sewage treatment plants
(c) Urban and suburban lands
(d) All of the above

Which of the following is not a marine pollutant?

(a) Oil
(b) Plastics
(c) Dissolved oxygen
(d) All of the above

‫دول بس الي لقيتهم لألسف‬

ANSWERS

1. d) Runoff

2. d) All of the above

3. d) All of the above

4. e) Both A and C

5. c) Groundwater moves much more slowly than surface water

6. (Not provided)

7. c) Potassium
8. c) Decreased significantly for point sources but not nonpoint sources

9. d) Factory effluent

10. e) Both A and C

11. b) Fluorosis

12. d) Teeth

13. c) Urban and suburban lands

14. c) Dissolved oxygen

LO5
Q LO5

1-The total area drained by a stream and its

tributaries is called the:
A) hydrologic cycle
B) divide
C) tributary area
D) Watershed( drainage basin)
2- The headwaters of a stream are always located:
A) at the terminus of the stream where it enters
another body of water
B) at the source of the stream
C) along the longitudinal profile of the stream
D) all of these
3- Base level is:
A) the level associated with the base of a river
channel
B) the normal elevation of a reservoir
C) the level above which flood waters will not rise
D) the level below which streams will not erode
4-
b- Dendritic

5-Which of the following is not a drainage pattern:

Need a Hint?
A) dendritic
B) trellis
C) radial
D) all of these describe drainage patterns
6-n the final stage before meeting the seas and oceans,
river breakup into various streams called as
(a) Tributaries
(b) Deltas
(c) Estuaries
(d) Distributaries
7-Which is NOT a common features formed by a river
while flowing through plains?
(a) Flood Plains
(b) Meandering
(c) Levees
(d) Tributaries
8-1. Match the following terms with their correct
definition:

9. Catchment Area -------

A)The Area drained by a river and its tributaries
B) The river always filled with water
C)A river drains the water collected from specific area
d)The river holds water only during rainy season
10. Drainage Basin -----
A)The Area drained by a river and its tributaries
B) The river always filled with water
C)A river drains the water collected from specific area
d)The river holds water only during rainy season
11-2. Match the following drainage patterns with their
correct definition:
I. Radial ---------- A)The rivers discharge their waters from
all directions in a lake or depression
II. Dendritic ------ B)The rivers originate from a hill and flow
in all directions
III. Trellis ------- C)The primary tributaries of the river flow
parallel to each other
IV. Centripetal ---- D)The drainage pattern resembling the
branches of the tree
a. IA, IIB, IIIC, IVD
b. IB, IID, IIIC, IVA
c. IC, IIA, IIIB, IVD
d. ID, IIB, IIIC, IVA
12-3. Consider the following statements. Identify the right
ones.
I. The boundary line separating one drainage basin from
the other is known as the watershed.
II. Watersheds are small in area while the basins cover
larger areas.
a. I only
b. II only
c. Both
d. None
13-What is the name of an area of land drained by a river
and its tributaries?
 A) A drainage basin
B) Watershed
C) Closed system
D) Catchment area
14-What is the imaginary line separating drainage basins
called?
a) divide
b)watershed
c) tributary
d)confluence
15-Hilltops and mountains serve as boundaries
between drainage basins.
These boundaries are called ---------
a) drainage divides
b)watershed
c) tributary
d)confluence
16- Rivers that flow across the surface of a delta are called
(1)________ whereas rivers that flow into larger rivers are
called (2)________.
A. (1) distributaries (2) tributaries
B. (1) distributaries (2) braided streams
C. (1) tributaries (2) distributaries
D. (1) tributaries (2) braided streams
E. (1) braided streams (2) tributaries
17-1. The type of river drainage that resembles the shape
of veins in a leaf is called:
A. dendritic
B. rectangular
C. trellis
D. radial
E. deranged
18-The edge of a drainage basin is called a:
A. tributary
B. continental divide
C. drainage divide
D. distributary
E. drainage margin
19-. Type of river drainage that resembles the shape of
veins in a leaf:
A. dendritic
B. rectangular
C. trellis
D. radial
E. deranged
20-Rivers that flow into larger rivers are called
(1)________ whereas rivers that flow across the
surface of a delta are called (2)________.
A. (1) distributaries (2) tributaries
B. (1) distributaries (2) natural levees
C. (1) tributaries (2) distributaries
D. (1) tributaries (2) stream-dominated
E. (1) drainage divides (2) distributaries
21-. Which of the following is NOT a local base level along
a river?
A. lake
B. sea level
C. waterfall
D. dam
E. all of the above are local base levels
22. A drop in ultimate base level can produce _______ on
a floodplain.
A. downcutting
B. incised meanders
C. stream terraces
D. headward erosion
E. any of the above
23-Drainage basins are separated from each other by:
A. drainage divides
B. continental divides
C. sub-basins
D. both A and B above
E. all of the above

24. The drainage pattern caused by rivers flowing along

parallel valleys separated by hills or ridges is:
A. dendritic
B. rectangular
C. trellis
D. radial
E. deranged
25-Which of the following features is not a type
of base level along a river:
A. sea level
B. lakes
C. dams
D. waterfalls
E. all of the above are types of base
levels

26-. The occurrence of (1)

__________________ can result in (2)
______________________.
A. (1) ultimate base level drop; (2)
incised meanders
B. (1) headward erosion; (2) stream
piracy
C. (1) downcutting; (2) gorge
development
D. (1) tectonic uplift of the land; (2)
stream terraces
E. all of the above
27-The occurrence of (1) __________________ can
result in (2) ______________________.
A. (1) ultimate base level drop; (2) incised
meanders
B. (1) headward erosion; (2) stream piracy
C. (1) downcutting; (2) gorge development
D. (1) tectonic uplift of the land; (2) stream
terraces
E. all of the above
28-Which of the following can cause a change in
ultimate base level:
A. ice ages
B. tectonic uplift
C. isostatic rebound
D. changes in the size of ocean basins due
to movement of tectonic plates
E. all of the above

29-27-Four locations, A, B, C, and D, are represented on

the topographic map below.

Which lettered location has the highest elevation?

(1) A (3) C
(2) B (4) D
30-

31-

The map below shows part of a stream drainage pattern

Which topographic map best shows the contour lines for
this stream drainage pattern?

48. A continental divide is:

A. a mountain chain separating rivers that flow into
different oceans
B. a mountain chain separating drainage basins emptying
into the same ocean
C. a high standing area inside a drainage basin
D. a boundary between two different patterns of drainage
basins
E. a large river valley across a continent, like the
Mississippi
49. Which of the following features is not a type of base
level along a river:
A. sea level
B. lakes
C. dams
D. waterfalls
E. all of the above are types of base levels
49. Which of the following statements about ultimate base
level is FALSE?
A. rivers cannot erode deeper than ultimate base level
B. ultimate base level is always sea level
C. ultimate base level can change through time
D. a lake is a type of ultimate base level
E. all of the above statements are false
50. Stream piracy is a direct result of:
A. incised meandering
B. downcutting
C. lateral erosion
D. headward erosion
E. drunken bandits on river barges

51-) Whichof the following must result in

a lower base level for rivers and
streams?
A) sea level drops; land subsides
B) sea level falls; land rises
C) sea level rises; land subsides
D) sea level rises; land rises
52-At the head of a delta, the major channel
splits into smaller channels that follow different
paths to the sea. These smaller channels are
known as ________.
A) endotributaries
B) exotributaries
C)distributaries
53-

54-
55-
2- B

56-Distributaries can only be found in:

A. meandering channels
B. braided channels
C. alluvial fans
D. floodplains
E. deltas
57-Drainage basins are separated from each other by:
A. drainage divides
B. continental divides
C. sub-basins
 D. both A and B above
E. all of the above
58- The drainage pattern caused by rivers
flowing along parallel valleys separated by hills
or ridges is:
A. dendritic
B. rectangular
C. trellis
D. radial
E. deranged
59-Which of the following features is not a type of base
level along a river:
A. sea level
B. lakes
C. dams
D. waterfalls
E. all of the above are types of base levels
60-The occurrence of (1) __________________ can
result in (2) ______________________.
A. (1) ultimate base level drop; (2) incised
meanders
B. (1) headward erosion; (2) stream piracy
C. (1) downcutting; (2) gorge development
D. (1) tectonic uplift of the land; (2) stream
terraces
E. all of the above
Lo6
Q lo6
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