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Transformations of Trigonometric functions

The document discusses the properties and transformations of trigonometric functions, specifically sine, cosine, and tangent. It highlights their periodic nature, maximum and minimum values, and how dilations and translations affect their graphs. Additionally, it provides examples of graph transformations and sketches for better understanding.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views9 pages

Transformations of Trigonometric functions

The document discusses the properties and transformations of trigonometric functions, specifically sine, cosine, and tangent. It highlights their periodic nature, maximum and minimum values, and how dilations and translations affect their graphs. Additionally, it provides examples of graph transformations and sketches for better understanding.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IAS -EDEXCEL

PHYSICS

Transformation of
Trigonometric Functions

Menuka Suwinda
Sine and Cosine Graphs Reference Evans 6.2

Plotting the values of f (x) = sin x and g(x) = cos x for x ∈ R gives the
following graphs

f �x�
1

x
�2 Π �Π Π 2Π 3Π 4Π

�1
g�x�
1

x
�2 Π �Π Π 2Π 3Π 4Π

�1

86
Properties of Sine and Cosine Graphs

• The sine and cosine functions repeat themselves after an interval (or period) of
2π units. That is:

. . . sin(x − 2π) = sin x = sin(x + 2π) = sin(x + 4π) . . ., and

. . . cos(x − 4π) = cos(x − 2π) = cos x = cos(x + 2π) . . ., for all x ∈ R

These functions are therefore said to be periodic or cyclic, with period 2π.

• The maximum and minimum values of sin x and cos x are 1 and −1 respec-
tively. The graphs of f (x) = sin x and g(x) = cos x are therefore said to have
an amplitude of 1.

87
Graph of Tangent Function Reference Evans 6.6

sin x is defined for x ∈ R such that cos x �= 0.


The function h(x) = tan x = cos x

Plotting h(x) = tan x over its domain x ∈ R\{(2k + 1) π2 | k ∈ Z} gives the


following graph

88
Properties of Tan Graph

• The tangent function h(x) = tan x is undefined at x = {(2k + 1) π2 | k ∈ Z}


(this is where cos x = 0).

The graph has vertical asymptotes at these x-values, which are usually indicated
by dotted or dashed vertical lines.

• The tangent function repeats itself after an interval of π units. That is:
π
tan θ = tan(θ + π), for all θ ∈ R\{(2k + 1) | k ∈ Z}
2
This function therefore has period π.

89
Dilations of Trig Graphs Reference Evans 6.2, 6.3 & 6.6

Sketch the following graphs - the standard sin or cos graph is shown - state the
period and amplitude of the transformed graph in each case. � �
Note: a dilation in the x direction (e.g. y = cos bx) changes the period to b2π

and one in the y direction (e.g. y = a sin x) changes the amplitude (to a)
 

1.
 
y = sin 2x 2. y = 3 cos
� x�
3. y = −52 sin x 4. y = cos 2x

90
Translations of Trigonometric Graphs

Sketch the following graphs on the axes below –adding or subtracting a value to
the trig function will translate the graph up or down, while adding or subtracting a
value to the x term will translate the graph to the left or right respectively.

1. y = tan(x − π4 )

91
2. y = sin(x) + 3

3. y = cos(x + π)

92
Multiple Transformations
Sketch the following sequence of graphs on the same set of axes. � �
y1 = sin x y2 = −2 sin x y3 = −2 sin 3x π
y4 = −2 sin 3x − 2

You can now attempt Sheet 3 Q22-23

93

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