Dept.

of Centre for
International Dept of Defence &
Relations Field Strategic Studies
University of Learning
Chittagong Himachal Pradesh
Bangladesh India
University

IIHSG INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE 2024

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING

HUMAN
SECURITY
& GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE

30th
September -
YWCA, New Delhi 1st October
2024

ORGANIZED BY
INERDISCIPLINARY INSTITUTE OF HUMAN SECURITY &
GOVERNANCE, NEW DELHI, INDIA

IN COLLABORATION WITH

DEPT. OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, UNIVERSITY OF CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH

DEPT OF DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES, HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY
& CENTRE FOR FIELD LEARNING, AHMEDABAD, INDIA
Conference Proceeding

Human Security &

Global Governance
All rights reserved including the right to translate or to reproduce this
book or parts thereof except brief quotation in articles or critical reviews.
The responsibility for the facts or opinions expressed is entirely of the
contributing Authors and not of the Publisher.

Human Security and Global Governance

Copyright © : Reserved
Edition : 2024
ISBN No. : 978-81-967486-1-6

Price : 500.00

Published by : Interdisciplinary Institute of Human Security &

Governance
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 Content

1. Details of the Organizer: IIHSG i

2. Concept Note - English 1

3. Concept Note - Hindi 3

4. Abstracts of the International 5

Paper-presenters

5. Abstracts of the Indian Paper- 38

presenters – English

6. Abstracts of the Indian Paper- 293

presenters – Hindi

7. Programme Schedule 302

8. Media Report 367

9. Details of the Sponsor & 368

Collaborator – Centre for Field
Learning, Ahmedabad, India

10. Best Paper Memorial Awards 369

Winners
 “It is an honour for me to get
enclosed to a research
community and my dream of
getting back to research one
day. This human security issue
is a new approach and it cannot
done without solidarity. I love
to listen to your intriguing
debates.”

Honourable Anca Dragu

President of the Senate of Romania

30

1500

5000
+

1020
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 Concept Note

Dr. Nandini Basistha

MA(Double), MPhil, PhD, Post Doc
Executive Director, IIHSG
Mobile: 9729074479 & 7011472818
Email: [email protected]

The inter-linkage between the concept of

human security and the challenges of implementation
of its goals has acquired a new meaning and wider
significance in the last couple of years due to some
unavoidable global phenomena. The post-pandemic
global economic slowdown is faced with other
challenges from war-torn areas like Ukraine, Gaza,
Myanmar & failed states like Pakistan &
Afghanistan. The direct fallout has been the growing
challenges of providing & maintaining of health, food
& economic security for the population-cutting across
borders as well as barriers of class, caste, colour,
gender, religion & ethnicity. From a perspective of
governance, it requires efforts, money, planning,
collection & analyses of data from the ground level, a
clear understanding of economic & social
vulnerabilities of communities, region- specific
requirements & a concerted effort by all the
stakeholders - public & private- to hold up a joint
architecture to meet the challenges of human security
of a broad nature & on a wide scale.

1
 In the 4th Annual IIHSG International
Conference on “Human Security & Global
Governance” will try to find the seriousness of
challenges, the nature of responses available & the
model of governance required to thwart these
challenges from a human security context. India is
doing really great in managing human security,
especially environmental security. So special session
will be dedicated on India’s visionary ideas and path-
breaking activities & achievements.

Sub-themes of the Conference

 Traditional & Non-Traditional Security: Theory &
Praxis
 Regional Security & Role of India
 Women Security & Governance
 Child Security & Global Governance
 Sustainable Development Goals
 Environmental Security
 Human Security & Law
 Human Security Management
 Human Security in Science & Technology
 Changing Dimensions of Human Security &
Governance: India & the World

2
 Abstract of the International
Paper-presenters
FROM THREATS TO RESILIENCE:
ADDRESSING E-WASTE IN INDIA'S
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AGENDA
Aladdin H.M Shaker
An Egyptian Ph.D. Research Scholar
Department of Law
Central University of Punjab
Bathinda, Punjab
Since the end of the Cold War, the relationship
between stress, environmental degradation, and
changes in the environment and security has
gained more significance. (G. Zurlini & F. Müller,
2008). With more than 3.2 million metric tons of
e-waste produced in 2019, India ranks third
globally (M. Jain et al., 2023). This tremendous
rise in Electronic waste poses various serious
issues and adverse impacts on the land, human
health, and biodegradable resources. This paper
explores the relationship between e-waste
management and environmental security in
India. focuses on protecting land, the
environment, and human health, as well as
improving conditions for informal sector workers.
The study examines illegal cross-border
movements of e-waste and emphasizes the need
for sustainable management, Furthermore,
analyses the legal framework of Extended

5
Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations, and,
advocates for policy interventions to strengthen
compliance, enforcement, and responsible
recycling practices, and emphasizes the
importance of a comprehensive approach that
integrates environmental sustainability, human
well-being, and socio-economic equity.

‘KSHĀNTI’ (TOLERANCE) AS AN
INDIVIDUAL AND POLITICAL PRACTICE:
BUDDHIST ANALYSIS
Rev. Dr. Wadinagala Pannaloka
Senior Lecturer
Department of Buddhist Thought
Postgraduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist
Studies
University of Kelaniya
Sri Lanka
Tolerance has been hailed as a virtue required to
maintain peace in the world. Both Theravada and
Mahayana Buddhist traditions have extensively
discussed about practicing tolerance
(khanti/kshānti) as a virtue integral to success in
spiritual life and worldly life. The term ‘khanti/
kshānti ’ has the meanings of forgiveness,
patience, tolerance and forbearance. The virtue of
tolerance is to be followed by ardent spiritual
seekers and members of the secular world like
kings and rulers in their relevant fields. The
teachings relevant to the virtue of tolerance in the
Pali canon and Buddhist Sanskrit literature, can

6
be divided into two sections, the first is an
individual virtue to be cultivated with the purpose
of attaining nibbana, the ultimate goal of
Buddhism. The second context is practicing
tolerance as a duty of rulers. The first aspect is
represented by the concept ‘pāramitā’
(perfections) and the second aspect, is presented
in the concept of ten duties of rulers (dasa
rājadhamma). In the present paper, in the first
section, I will discuss the teachings which help to
understand the nature of tolerance and how it has
been practiced by the saints and the Buddha. In
this section, attempt will be made to see the
relationship between cultivating a virtue as a
mental quality and how this internal cultivation
becomes motivation to social praxis. In the second
section, the Buddhist understanding of tolerance
as a political virtue is examined. The research will
be carried out based on both Pali canon and
Buddhist Sanskrit literature, specially paying
attention to the chapter on kshānti in the
Bodhicaryāvatāra of Shantideva. In conclusion, it
will be pointed that the Buddhist tradition has a
comprehensive understanding regarding
tolerance as a virtue to be cultivated individually,
then to put into action at individual level and
finally as an integral element in the political
practice.

7
 UNVEILING THE SILENT ARCHITECTS OF
PEACE: THE VITAL ROLE OF WOMEN IN
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND
PEACEBUILDING ACROSS GLOBAL
LANDSCAPES
Shanjida Lubna
Student
Jagannath University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Women's involvement in conflict resolution and
peacebuilding processes has been increasingly
recognized as indispensable for achieving
sustainable peace at local, national, and
international levels. This abstract aims to
illuminate the significant contributions of women
in these arenas, often overshadowed or
overlooked. Drawing upon qualitative research
and case studies from diverse geographical
contexts, this study unveils the multifaceted roles
women play as agents of peace. It examines how
women navigate complex socio-political
landscapes, mobilize communities, and advocate
for inclusive, gender-sensitive peace processes.
Moreover, the abstract delves into the challenges
and barriers women encounter, including gender-
based discrimination and marginalization, and
explores strategies for overcoming these obstacles.
By highlighting the transformative potential of
women's leadership in conflict resolution and
peacebuilding, this abstract underscores the
imperative of integrating gender perspectives into

8
peace efforts and fostering inclusive decision-
making frameworks. Ultimately, it advocates for
amplifying the voices and agency of women as
catalysts for building a more just, peaceful world.

ANALYSING THE SDG OF CLEAN WATER

AND SANITATION IN THE FRAME OF OLD
DHAKA
Fouzia Akter
Student
Jagannath University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Old Dhaka is one of the most densely populated
areas in Bangladesh. This paper, from a
sustainable development perspective, focused on
the multifaceted challenges and prospects to
ensure clean water and sanitation in Lokkhibazar
and Banglabazar in old Dhaka. This study uses
qualitative research methodology to identify key
obstacles to achieving SDG 6, such as access to
safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation,
chemical contamination, seasonal water quality
variations, impacts of industrialization and
urbanisation, lack of investment and government
support, etc. Furthermore, SDG 6 poses
significant challenges to SDG 3 implementation
due to the prevalence of waterborne diseases such
as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, and other health
risks. By conducting in-depth interviews and
analysing the existing situation in old Dhaka,
possible sustainable strategies have been

9
recommended that could be applied effectively to
address these challenges.

IMPACT OF MYANMAR'S RAKHINE

CONFLICT ON BORDER AREAS IN
BANGLADESH: A HUMAN SECURITY
PERSPECTIVE
Al Amin
Assistant Professor
Jagannath University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
The protracted conflict in Myanmar's Rakhine
state has severely affected human security in the
border and refugee-hosting areas of Bangladesh.
It has intensified the overall environment, making
safety, well-being, and livelihoods of the affected
community even more critical. This study helps us
to understand more about the Rakhine conflict
and how it affects human security in the border
communities of Bangladesh by looking different
aspects very closely. It's a qualitative study based
on both primary and secondary data sources,
using Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus
Group Discussions (FGDs) in Cox’s bazaar
(Ukhiya, Teknaf, and Naikhongchhari Upazila),
with a sample size of 50 respondents. The study
argues that people living in border and refugee
hosting areas feel insecure due to the prolonged
Rakhine conflict. They consistently experience
heightened levels of insecurity, which involve
physical security incidents, violence, economic

10
disruptions, displacement, barriers to essential
services, and social cohesion challenges. The
paper emphasizes a clear connection between
cross-border violence originating from the
Rakhine conflict and the subsequent increase in
displacement, injuries, heightened concerns
regarding border violence, and psychological
trauma experienced by affected populations.

SECURING CHILD SECURITY THROUGH

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: A STUDY ON
PRIMARY EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME OF BANGLADESH
Dr. Nibedita Roy
Associate Professor
Jagannath University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bangladesh emphasized on education in its first
five years plan and tried to make education for all.
Bangladesh became the signatory of globalization
by liberalizing its economic policy. International
partners came forward to invest in different fields
including education sector through Global
governance process. This investment has brought
huge changes in education sector. The
Government of Bangladesh passed an Act in 1990
which ensures education as a fundamental right
and complying the Act, Primary Education
Development Programme was designed in 1996
and had been extended up-to 2024 by the
inspiration of global governance. This endeavor

11
has ensured “social security and justice” for the
children in the society such as access to education
of low-income group households and female by
reducing gender discrimination. The study has
designed using the theoretical framework of
capability development of Amartya Sen, to explore
the status of establishing “child security” through
enhancing primary education system.

SECURITY CHALLENGES AND SOCIO-

POLITICAL EXCLUSION: A STUDY ON ASUR
COMMUNITY
Ankan Ray
College Teacher
Maheshtala College
West Bengal, India
&
Dr. Nibedita Roy
Associate Professor
Jagannath University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Among the various tribal communities belonging
to the central eastern region of India, ‘Asuras’ (as
per the list of the scheduled tribes of West Bengal)
are the most under-privileged community. This
study emphasises on the challenges of the Asura
community in Bengal (West Bengal and
Bangladesh) who considers themselves as the
descendants of Asura who was killed by Maa
Durga. They feel themselves deceived by the
privileged group of the society. The history of

12
Socio-Political deprivation and insecurity of Asura
community are interpreted in this study on the
basis of Antonio Gramsci’s concept of 'Cultural
Hegemony'. One of the aims of this study is to find
out the challenges of Socio-Political integration of
the Asura community. Do Asuras' original
designation and history create an identity crisis in
mainstream society? The study attempts to
analyze the present condition of the Asura
community by assessing the steps taken to ensure
social security.

THE STATE OF HUMAN SECURITY IN THE

PHASE OF HEATWAVES IN BANGLADESH
Al Amin
Assistant Professor
Jagannath University
&
Noorana
Associate Professor
Jagannath University
&
Noorjahan
Assistant Professor
Jagannath University
Dhaka, Bangladesh
"Due to its geographical position and vulnerability
to climate change, Bangladesh experiences
frequent and intense heat waves. It is
significantly jeopardizing the safety and welfare
of its inhabitants. This research purposed to

13
explore how recent heatwaves in Bangladesh have
affected people's lives and how well the
government is dealing with the issues of severe
heatwaves. However, it mentioned two research
questions: a) what types of human insecurities
arise from heatwaves in Bangladesh? b) How does
the lack of efficiency of governance further
exacerbate human insecurities during heat
waves? To find out the argument, the research
emphasized qualitative methodology
incorporating a sample size of fifty diverse
respondents. Data was accumulated from key
informant interviews (KIIs) and secondary
sources to explore the perspectives. Here, it is
crucial to comprehend the political and socio-
economic impacts and governance responses to
understand why heat waves exclusively pose a
security threat to human life in Bangladesh.
Considering these significant dimensions, the
study has found that factors such as violence,
discrimination, resource scarcity, economic
vulnerabilities, societal tensions, and
displacement are the primary human insecurities
of current heatwaves. This research will
contribute to making a way forward in taking the
policy to manage recent human insecurities
caused by heatwaves.

14
 BATTLE AGAINST CYBER CONFLICT: CAN
NATIONAL CYBER STRATEGY BE
EFFICIENT TO ENHANCE ITS DEFENCE? A
STUDY ON CYBER THREATS AND US
NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY RESPONSE
Aswini Kumar
PhD Candidate
National Chengchi University
Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
In the early twenty-first century, one-third of the
global population has access to technology. The
advent of the IoT and more access to technology
have resulted in an increase in cyberattacks and
dangers to human security. The growing reliance
on AI algorithms and cyberattacks may jeopardize
human rights and lead to unequal access to
technology. This has resulted in growing economic
and political incentives to exploit networks for
criminal reasons, making cybersecurity a critical
component of global national security strategy.
Cyberwarfare is expanding as a weapon for
military strategists, and the spread of new tools
and technology has enabled cyber terrorists to
perpetrate crimes all over the world. The study
examines cybersecurity challenges to human
security, recent cyber-attacks on US and Indian
government agencies and corporate entities,
National Security Policies against cyber threats,
and the effectiveness of critical cyber security
agencies in safeguarding human security, using a

15
qualitative approach, exploratory, descriptive,
and secondary data collection.

EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON

ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IN DEPOSIT MONEY
BANKS IN NIGERIA
Amb. Dr. Nnordee Bariagara King David
Registrar General
Awedu Institute of Business Management
& Leadership Nigeria, Africa
& Student
Anan University Business School
The aim of the study was examined the
relationship between corporate governance and
ethical leadership of deposit money banks in
Nigeria. The objective of this study was to
examine the effect of corporate governance on
ethical leadership and its measures in Deposit
Money Banks in Nigeria. The researcher adopted
a correlational study approach. In the same vein,
the study also adopted a cross-sectional survey in
terms of data collection. . In line with our research
design, it fit for positivism intellectual tradition
and deterministic human nature and nomothetic.
Positivism intellectual tradition and
deterministic, human nature adopts the research
method of natural science. The study undertook
an inferential analysis using (Pearson’s Product
Moment Correlation Coefficient), aided with the
statistical package for social sciences (SPSS V. 21)
to determine the extent of relationship between

16
the variables. Again, the structural equation
model was also used. Findings of this study
revealed that there is a significant positive
relationship between corporate governance and
ethical leadership and its dimension and
measures in Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.
Contribution to knowledge; The study
recommends that the board of an organisation
should conduct regular and independent
assessments of the effectiveness and efficiency of
the corporate governance practices, using both
quantitative and qualitative indicators and
benchmarks. These assessments should cover
various aspects of corporate governance, such as
board composition, structure, and functioning,
board oversight and accountability, board
committees, board diversity and independence,
board education and development, board
evaluation and feedback, board communication
and engagement, board ethics and integrity, board
risk management, board strategy and
performance, and board succession planning

17
 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN CHILDREN'S
HOMES: A CASE STUDY OF RIVERS STATE
Amb. Opara Grace Nyemachi
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education
Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Africa

This study investigates the implementation of

environmental sustainability policies and
practices in children's homes in Rivers State,
Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the
research combines quantitative survey data from
various children’s homes with qualitative insights
from interviews with administrators, caregivers,
and policymakers. The findings reveal a wide
range of awareness and application of
sustainability practices, influenced by factors
such as funding, education, and institutional
support. While some homes have successfully
adopted measures like waste management,
energy conservation, and sustainable food
sourcing, others face significant barriers due to
limited resources and lack of training. The study
highlights the necessity for targeted
interventions, including capacity-building
programs and the creation of policy frameworks
tailored to the specific challenges faced by
children's homes. The research underscores the
essential role of governmental and non-
governmental organizations in promoting
sustainable practices within these institutions.

18
This study contributes to the global conversation
on sustainability in vulnerable settings and
emphasizes the importance of developing
inclusive policies that address the unique needs of
children’s homes in Rivers State

GEOPOLITICAL IMPACT OF CIVIL WAR IN

MYANMAR: EXPLORING THE POLITICS OF
PLACE AND SPACE
Mohammad Aynul Islam
Associate Professor
Dept. of Political Science
University of Dhaka
& Md. Mazhar Uddin Bhuiyan
Research Associate
Microgovernance
Research Initiative (MGR)
Since gaining independence in 1948, Myanmar
has been plagued by a long-standing civil war
between the central government, largely
controlled by the Bamar ethnic group, and
numerous ethnic armed organizations across
seven ethnic states. Additionally, military coups
have frequently disrupted the country's political
stability. This paper explores the geopolitical
impact of recent civil war in Myanmar,
particularly focusing on neighbouring states' i.e.,
Bangladesh, India and China’s strategic interests
and also, possible challenges faced by Bangladesh.
Employing a qualitative approach, the research
conducts a literature review to examine historical

19
context, geopolitical dynamics, and strategic
implications. Key determinants including
material resources, ethnic crisis, border and
connectivity, special relationship with China in
military and economy sector, India’s strategic
interest and the role of US will be analysed with
special focus on the politics of place, space,
structure and relevant agency. Key findings of
this research are that Operation 1027 in
Myanmar has serious implications for the region,
including India and China. This paper argues that
Myanmar's civil war contributes to regional
instability, particularly affecting neighbouring
states like China, India and Bangladesh,
highlighting the interconnectedness of internal
conflicts and geopolitical dynamics. In addition,
the challenges and strategic outlook for
Bangladesh include discussions related to security
implications of the Rakhine conflict, potential
escalation of the Rohingya crisis, efficacy of
Bangladesh-India collaboration amid the
Myanmar crisis, and Bangladesh's strategic
response and informal communication channels to
address the situation.

20
 HUMAN SECURITY AND GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
Stephen Ekene Adibe
Writer and Tutor
Glorious Seeds International Academy
An approach to be adopted to secure lives, to
extinguish the fear of unknown, terminate
unwanted violence and crime, fight political
corrupt practices, bring desired development and
to proffer suitable solutions to the world’s security
challenges.

IMPACT OF CYCLONE ON THE SOUTHERN

COASTAL REGION WOMEN OF
BANGLADESH AND THEIR COPING
STRATEGIES
Md. Jahidur Rahman
Researcher
Social Science Research Council (SSRC),
Planning Division, Ministry of Planning
The People's Republic of Bangladesh
This study captures the nature of the cyclone
impact among the women in the Southern Coastal
Region and their coping strategies. Data were
collected from two villages (adjacent to mangrove
Sundarbans) of Sundarban union of Mongla
Upazila of Bagerhat district in the Khulna
Division. The study employed a mixed method
approach, where quantitative data were collected
through a household survey, and qualitative data
through focus group discussions, in-depth case

21
studies, and participant observation. The results
showed that southern coastal region women are
faced different impacts and problems by the
cyclone and their coping strategies are mostly
negative. They faced very much difficult
situations to cope with cyclone, these are so much
miserable. On the other hand, The Government of
Bangladesh has taken some goals and plans (such
as Sustainable Development Goals, Eight Five
Year Plan, the Perspective Plan-2041, and The
Delta plan-2100), where women related issues
have given especial priority. The findings would
be important consideration for the government,
policy makers, disaster mangers, NGOs, and with
an exhortation for further research on this
relatively less explored subject.

SHARED VISION FOR A STABLE AND

SECURE WORLD: ALIGNING GLOBAL
SOUTH'S HUMANITARIAN ASPIRATIONS
AND NEW PERSPECTIVES ON
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Artyom A. Garin
Research Fellow
Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian
Academy of Sciences (IOS RAS), Moscow
The Russian Federation
In recent years, the global geopolitical landscape
has undergone significant transformations.
Amidst these changes, the nations of the Global
South have gained increasing prominence in

22
international processes. Among them, India
stands out not only due to its growing economic
power but also because of its strategic geopolitical
position and active role in global governance.
India has been pushing for greater representation
of the Global South in international governance
structures. It advocates for reform in the United
Nations Security Council and plays a significant
role in the Non-Aligned Movement. India’s stance
is often seen as a voice for the Global South,
pushing for more inclusive global governance that
acknowledges the realities of diverse
developmental needs.
As the geopolitical landscape continues to shift,
the strategic partnership has become more
crucial. The Russian Federation committed to
strong support for India's more active inclusion in
international platforms. It's not just about
discussions about the recognition of India's rising
global stature, but also underscores the common
benefits perceived by both nations in deepening
their ties. Moscow's support also encompasses
India's long-standing aspiration for permanent
membership in the United Nations Security
Council (UNSC) as well as its enhanced
participation in other global platforms and
initiatives.
The UNSC's permanent membership, which has
remained unchanged since 1945, is viewed by
many as outdated given the current geopolitical
realities. Russia's support for India's permanent

23
membership is a testament to its commitment to
reforming global institutions to reflect
contemporary global dynamics.
Moreover, in recent years, the Indo-Pacific region
has emerged as a focal point of global strategic
interest, with its vital sea routes and rapidly
growing economies drawing significant attention
from major world powers. Amidst the complexities
of geopolitical maneuverings, the countries of
Greater Asia share a common vision: a desire for
a stable, conflict-free region where external
influences do not have the power to destabilize
peace or provoke confrontations.
At the same time, the presence and policies of
external actors can often create tensions that
threaten to escalate into broader conflicts,
pushing regional states into unwanted
confrontations. The fact is that the presence and
policies of external actors can often create
tensions that threaten to escalate into broader
conflicts, pushing regional states into unwanted
confrontations.
Modern research pays a lot of attention to military
and economic aspects, but for centuries, the basis
of international relations has been contacts
between people. Appreciating the concept of the
IIHSG conference, the author would like to focus
on the process of interaction within the framework
of the international humanitarian area.
The transformation of the regional and global
architecture is a pivotal time for the States of the

24
Global South, including India as one of its leaders,
to play a priority role in this area. New Delhi, as
a responsible and one of the key actors in the
world and the region, can influence the solution of
the following problems.
Modern conflicts have shown a number of
extremely dangerous trends that should be
combated. These include crimes against civilians
who are being used as human shields (this tactic
is not only morally reprehensible but also violates
international law, specifically the laws of war
which protect civilian populations and prohibit
their use in military operations). The
international community has a pivotal role to play
in addressing the use of civilians as human
shields. This includes not only condemning such
practices unequivocally but also working towards
more effective enforcement of international laws.
For example, reformatting international judicial
bodies, which have lost their impartiality and
proceed from their own allied and ideological
preferences in making decisions, can play an
important role here.
In the turbulent theatre of modern conflicts,
children are among the most vulnerable. Ensuring
their safety, security, and well-being demands an
urgent and robust response from the international
community. Recent conflicts highlight the critical
need for an improved international humanitarian
legal framework to protect children more
effectively. New international protocols need to be

25
established outlining how children should be
evacuated from conflict zones, including consent
procedures, documentation processes, and the
rights of the child. These guidelines should ensure
that children remain with their families whenever
possible and that their movement is tracked to
prevent trafficking.
There must also be mechanisms to monitor the
treatment of children who have been evacuated
from conflict zones. This includes tracking their
location, well-being, and the services they receive.
Russia is committed to protecting children in
difficult situations.
The international community should consider
amendments or additions to existing treaties to
address the specific needs and vulnerabilities of
children in conflict zones. This could involve
creating new legal instruments or enhancing
existing ones to increase enforceability and
provide clear legal obligations.
In the shadows of armed conflicts around the
world, a horrifying issue intensifies, often
overshadowed by the immediate brutality of
warfare yet equally sinister: the illicit harvesting
and trafficking of human organs, a phenomenon –
"black transplantation". Reports indicate that
vulnerable populations – children, civilians
injured in bombings, and even dead soldiers –
become targets for organ extraction. Shockingly,
these heinous acts are often perpetrated by
individuals within the victim’s own nationality or

26
military group. In some conflict-torn countries,
there are alarming signs that legislation is being
adjusted to simplify the procedures for organ
transplantation. Once extracted, these organs
enter the global market, where they are sold for
substantial sums. Transactions often occur on the
darknet, prices for a single organ can reach tens
of thousands of euros. The specific issue of organ
trafficking in conflict zones remains under-
addressed. Current laws do not sufficiently deter
the perpetrators, nor do they offer adequate
protection for the victims or punishment for the
criminals involved. It is imperative for
international community to enforce stricter
regulations and penalties. These should not only
target the individuals directly involved in organ
harvesting but also the broader networks that
enable and profit from such trades. The Russian
Foreign Ministry has repeatedly stated the need
to combat "black transplantation" in the world.
The proliferation of biological laboratories on the
territories of foreign nations presents an acute
and multifaceted security threat. These facilities,
ostensibly established for research and
development purposes, may also be utilized for
activities that pose dire risks to global and
regional security. The possibility that such
activities could be aimed against civilian
populations is a grave concern and constitutes a
clear violation of international law, including the
Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) of 1972,

27
which explicitly prohibits the development,
production, and stockpiling of biological and toxin
weapons. While specific allegations about the
misuse of these facilities often arise in geopolitical
conflicts, the international community has
witnessed enough genuine incidents. Moreover,
ethical considerations regarding consent,
sovereignty, and the potential for harm to local
populations demand that international guidelines
and oversight mechanisms be robust and
transparent. The lack of stringent, universally
applied regulations and the challenges in
verifying compliance pose significant hurdles to
global biosecurity.
In an era marked by rapid technological
advancements and global interconnectivity,
special attention in the humanitarian sphere is
increasingly being directed towards fostering
educational and technological cooperation. This
focus not only enhances the impact and efficiency
of humanitarian initiatives but also Tech prepares
societies to better handle future challenges. One
critical area of this cooperation involves
harmonizing legislation and formalizing
agreements, particularly in emerging fields such
as artificial intelligence (AI).
Harmonizing legislation across borders would
facilitate smoother collaborations by establishing
clear guidelines and standards for data privacy,
intellectual property rights, and ethical
considerations. This is not only essential for

28
fostering trust among stakeholders but also for
ensuring that the deployment of technologies
adheres to universally accepted norms that
protect vulnerable populations.
Beyond the legal frameworks, advancing
educational cooperation is vital. Building local
capacities in technology and data science is crucial
for sustainable development. Educational
initiatives that focus on tech literacy and skills
training can empower local communities, enabling
them to take an active role in humanitarian
operations and to innovate independently.
Educational cooperation can take many forms,
from online courses and workshops facilitated by
global experts to partnerships between
universities across different countries. Such
initiatives not only build skills but also foster a
sense of global community and shared purpose.
As the world moves towards a multipolar order,
the relationship between Russia and India is
likely to become even more significant. As such,
Russia continues to be a key advocate for India's
leadership on the world stage, reflecting a
strategic choice to bolster a key ally capable of
contributing positively to global peace, stability,
and prosperity.
Modernity has shown that the world and the
region face huge problems and they must be
solved together. This also applies to the reform of
the UN Security Council. The most important
thing is that in order to solve global problems,

29
they need to be solved with those who have their
own opinion, a willingness to protect their
interests, and not to relay other people's
narratives. India is such an actor, truly sovereign,
with its own unique vision. The UN Security
Council and the new world architecture need truly
responsible countries that are guided by common
sense and openly share their vision.

UNDERSTANDING TEACHER ATTRITION IN

BHUTAN FOR ENSURING QUALITY
EDUCATION.
Kiruthiga M P
Student
Tata Institute of Social Sciences
Mumbai, India
&
Tashi Lhamo
Chief Program Officer
Higher Education Quality Council,
Bhutan Qualifications and Professional
Certifications Authority
Bhutan
Teacher attrition is a significant issue in Bhutan,
affecting educational quality and student
outcomes. This study investigates the primary
reasons behind teacher attrition and its broader
implications, which is essential for maintaining
educational standards and achieving Sustainable
Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), that aims to ensure
inclusive and equitable quality education for all.

30
Using a mixed methodology, after thorough
literature review and surveying 3,350 teachers
across Bhutan, did thematic analysis to gather in-
depth insights. The research identifies key factors
driving attrition and proposes strategies for
improving teacher retention through the detailed
data analysis from teacher’s responses. The
findings offer evidence-based recommendations to
inform policy and practice, aiming to enhance the
stability and quality of Bhutan’s education
system.

UNRAVELING GEO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS: EXTREMISM AND ISLAMIC
TERRORISM AMONG THE KUKI-CHIN
ETHNIC MINORITY IN THE TRIJUNCTION
OF INDIA, BANGLADESH AND MYANMAR
Tania Ahmed Uma
Officer on Special Duty
Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education,
Ministry of Education, Bangladesh
This research delves into the geo-psychological
underpinnings of the intricate relationship
between extremism and the rise of religious
terrorism, focusing on the Kuki-Chin ethnic
minority in Bangladesh. The study unveils the
sponsorship, financing, and arming activities of
the Kuki-Chin group, advocating for an
independent state from India with the support of
China, facilitated through Myanmar. The
research critically examines pertinent theories in

31
the context of resolving this pressing issue,
particularly as the Bangladesh Military confronts
this intra-regional challenge to safeguard the
sovereignty of Bangladesh. The geographical
significance of the Northeast, coupled with the
strategic route through Myanmar and China,
adds complexity to the preservation of
independent states threatened by separatist
activities. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative
data from both the Kuki-Chin and the Bangladesh
Army, this study aims to provide valuable insights
for analyzing this multifaceted and challenging
situation.

INK ON THE LINE: DEFENDING PRESS

FREEDOM WHERE CONFLICT RAGES
Simran John
Student
Queen Mary University of London
United Kingdom
As this paper would begin with discussing media
freedom, standing as a cornerstone of democratic
societies, it would move on to highlight how, in
conflict-ridden regions, the media as a guardian of
democratic principles, watchdog against abuses,
and facilitator of peace and humanitarian action,
embodies the essence of resilience and hope in the
face of adversity. Beyond mere reporting, it plays
a pivotal role in monitoring and holding
accountable those involved in armed conflicts,
thereby fostering vigilance and deterring human

32
rights abuses, violations of International
Humanitarian Law, and war crimes. This paper
would centrally highlight the multifaceted role of
the media, particularly in armed conflict zones,
where its significance transcends conventional
bounds, which would also encompass references to
few past and ongoing armed conflicts from the
domestic and international realm to underscore
the main message and purpose of the paper.
Finally the paper will provide innovative
suggestions to address the highlighted issues with
maximum effectiveness.

HISTORICISING ETHNIC IDENTITY

POLITICS IN ETHIOPIA
Dagnachew Alemu Odamo
PhD Scholar
Central University Of Punjab
& Faculty member
Wachemo University
Ethiopia, Africa

This article focuses on examining the ethnic

identity based politics and its repercussions in
Ethiopia. It also describes alternative approaches
to identity based politics and its state
arrangement. Will Kymlicka’s Theory of Minority
Rights has been used as a theoretical framework
in the article to substantiate the points raised. In
the long history of Ethiopia, the Northern
Abyssinian Imperial regimes had started to

33
conquer and expand their territory to the south,
east and west of Ethiopia in the name of nation
building since the second half of the 19thC. Before
the expansion, however, the ethnic groups who
had been living in the south, east and west of the
empire had their own self-ruled governance
system with distinct linguistic and sociocultural
identities. On its effect the conquest had led them
to develop the perception that the nation building
process had the hidden agenda to destroy their
ethnic identity. Consequently, the nation building
process created a system in a way that class and
ethnic divisions coincided. This nexus made the
country potentially vulnerable for long last
identity based grievances and crises among
various identity groups. Hence, the article
describes the causes that why ethnic identity has
become the focus of politics in Ethiopia along with
forwarding the possible alternative approaches to
accommodate ethnic diversities. Methodologically,
to produce the article majorly books and journal
articles were systematically reviewed; experts on
the issue were interviewed; Author Observation
on the study area was utilized.

STATE OF THE ARTISANS ENGAGED IN

JAMDANI INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH: A
LITERATURE REVIEW
Rojina Yesmin
M. Phil Researcher, Dept. of Social Work,
Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh &

34
 Lecturer, Dept. of Social Work, Narayanganj
College, Narayanganj, Bangladesh
& Prof. Dr. Mostafa Hasan
Department of Social Work, Jagannath
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jamdani is a delighted and historic product of

Bangladesh with its unmatched design, weaving
method, tradition and elegance- which became a
GI product of Bangladesh since 2016. This
cottage-based industry and artisans engaged in it
are threatened in many terms. To make
sustainable development and effective production,
marketing and make suitable with its original test
and heritage and trough eradication of existing
hindrance, empirical study is necessary. On this
background, this paper prepares a contemporary
literature review on the artisans of Jamdani
industry of Bangladesh. The aim of this paper is
to provide an overview on different kind of sources
including academic and professional journals,
books, reports and web-based resources on the
issue of Jamdani industry and artisans engaged
in it in Bangladesh. Methods and structure
followed in this literature review are- the overview
on the issue, collection of literatures from different
sources, critical analysis and evaluation of the
cited works and to find out the research gaps, and
discover justifications to work with the current
topic. Thus, the model follows the systematic data
processing approach comprised of three steps,

35
namely: (a) literature search and screening; (b)
data extraction and analysis; and (c) writing the
literature review. The implication of this paper is
to help in identification and whereabouts of
related documents and other sources and to make
effective planning to conduct a new research on
this issue, and to make justification on the current
study. Accordingly, this paper presents an
adequate literature review on the artisans
engaged in Jamdani industry of Bangladesh.

NEGLECTED ASPECTS IN SEXOLOGY &

RISK OF HUMAN EXTINCTION
Dr. Soham Samajpaty
MD (General Medicine)
ADPO (Cardiology)
ADPO (Gastroenterology)
Resident DM (Internal Medicine)
Dept. of Internal Medicine
Russian National Research Medical University
named after NI Pirogov
Moscow, Russian Federation
Human species is one of the most intellectually
developed creations of amino acid bonding. But
from time to time this intellectual ability has been
utilized for its own destruction. The study of
sexual behaviour by medical professionals
including neurologists, psychiatrists, sexologists
and genetic engineers has shown proven research
data that the human civilization is harbingering
its own perpetual destruction. At this moment

36
civilisation change and risk of extinction, it is
essential to recognise the medical epidemic and
act to resolve it together as a single species entity.
Research in the field of reproductive psychiatry by
Samajpaty et.al has shown how modern female
behaviour has changed its course towards,
psychological sterility and unwillingness to
reproduce. Genetic evolutionary studies have also
shown the Y-chromosome slowly getting vanished
from human DNA. Such discourse of Y
chromosome is going on from 2011 but has come
into limelight only in early 2024. Patriarchy,
matriarchy, monarchy, anti-monarchy and many
philosophies have surfaced and vanished from the
face of Earth through the course of history. But
the essential animal necessity for adaptation and
survival should persist.

37
 Abstracts of the Indian
Paper-presenters
KICK OFF VAW
(VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN)
Dr. Nandini Basistha
Executive Director
Interdisciplinary Institute of
Human Security & Governance
New Delhi, India
Every year we vow to eliminate all forms of VAW
(Violence against Women) and both Governments
and NGOs spent crores of rupees. But still women
are not safe. The worldwide #MeToo movement
and recent #RGKar movement has revealed that
sexual harassment and assault are part of most
women’s professional lives. Even worse, some
women have got used to it, believing that violence
is inevitable, that it ‘is part of their jobs.’ In
Mexico, for example, 9 out of 10 women who
indicated having experienced physical or sexual
violence in the work environment never asked for
help or filed a complaint or report. The most
problematic issue of domestic violence is that most
of time women adjust with it and don’t report.
There are many psychological, economic and
social barriers which prevent them to do that.
Most strikingly, sometimes even they think it is
natural as they did some mistake. Many women
also who forced to go back to their abusive

38
partners as they failed to get a good shelter after
leaving and obviously, this increase magnitude of
the torture.
According to me, only law or law enforcement
machinery can’t stop domestic violence. We need
to educate and empower women so that they get
that mental and economic strength irrespective of
their pre-conceived notion of age-old customs of
women-beating. In this paper, I have tried to
illustrate the way of kick off violence against
women alongwith statistics.

PROGRESS ON INDICATORS OF HUMAN

DEVELOPMENT & SECURITY: THE STUDY
OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Prof. Dr. Alka Parikh
Director
Centre for Field Learning
& Aaisha Nazrana
Researcher
Centre for Field Learning
The Sustainable Development Goals aim at
enhancing economic security, human/social
security and environment security. The 17 goals
with 169 targets was an ambitious plan, trying to
cover all aspects of human development and
security. The target period for SDGs comes to an
end in 2030, 15 years after they were declared.
The progress on SDGs has been slower compared
to the progress of MDGs. Out of 17 targets set by
the MDGs, 5 were fully achieved; substantial

39
progress was made on 5 others and there was low
achievement for the remaining 7 targets. When we
come to the SDGs, out of the three broad classes,
economic goals could not be achieved due to covid.
Indicators on environment security have all
regressed. There is some progress on the human
security and development indicators. The paper
looks at some of these indicators and reports the
progress made on them or the gaps that could not
be filled.
This paper also compares the MDGs with SDGs
and tries to understand the reasons why the SDGs
could not be met. While political will was one
culprit, the paper finds that the natural forces,
lack of funds and animosity between
nations/tribes caused the overall progress rates to
slip down. As it is said, man proposes, and God
disposes!

ANALYSIS OF SENTENCING OF WHITE-

COLLAR CRIME OFFENDERS
Dr. Saurabh Chandra
Associate Professor
School of Law, Bennett University
White-collar crime is a non-violent crime
committed by individuals who hold positions of
trust and authority within organizations. This
type of crime is often characterized by financial
fraud, embezzlement, bribery, and insider
trading, among others. Given the severity of the
damage that can be caused by these crimes, it is

40
crucial to hold white-collar offenders accountable
for their actions. In this article, we will explore the
topic of sentencing the white-collar offender. From
the perspective of the definitional quandary, the
involvement of multiple investigative agencies
and multiple prosecution units, the plethora of
associated legislation, and the supplemental or
jurisdictions of courts under special or general
statutes, the complexities of white-collar crimes
are abundantly clear. This document, however,
begins its search after a court has found an
individual guilty and handed down a sentence for
a "white-collar crime," which can also be referred
to as "economic crime," "financial crime,"
"occupational crime," "business crime," and other
terms with similar connotations. Judiciary
precedents addressing the sentencing framework
in white-collar crimes are uncommon in India, and
the country lacks any sentencing laws or
standards at present. When it comes to
sentencing, especially in situations of white-collar
crime, can it be said that India's criminal justice
system provides "fair and impartial justice?" If
not, how do judges determine what punishments
are appropriate? In this study, we investigate the
challenges which is faced by India and USA in
sentencing the White Collar Crime offenders as
the countries does not have a specific law or
provision to deal with it as well as the challenges
that prevented lawmakers from enacting
comprehensive sentencing legislation

41
 WOMEN’S SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE:
CHALLENGES FOR INCLUSIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Veeragoni Shirisha
Assistant Professor
Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and
Inclusive Policy
School of Social Sciences
Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi, India
Women’s security is a critical aspect of human
security that intersects with governance, social
equity, and economic development. This research
paper explores the multifaceted challenges
surrounding women’s security, focusing on issues
such as gender-based violence, economic
marginalisation, and social exclusion. Governance
structures play a pivotal role in addressing these
challenges, requiring strong policy frameworks,
efficient resource allocation, and multi-
stakeholder collaboration. In many regions, lack
of comprehensive data, inadequate legal
enforcement, and deep-seated cultural norms
hinder progress toward gender equity and safety.
This paper examines role of national policies,
international conventions, and local governance
models in enhancing women’s security, with
particular attention to education, healthcare, and
social welfare initiatives. The discussion also
highlights innovative approaches like gender

42
budgeting, digital inclusion, and women’s
leadership in governance, which can foster a more
secure environment for women. Drawing insights
from global and regional case studies, including
India’s pioneering efforts in women’s
empowerment and security, paper offers
recommendations for integrating women’s
security into broader governance frameworks. The
study aims to contribute to policy discourse by
proposing a governance model that ensures safety,
equity, and opportunities for women across socio-
economic contexts.

INDIA'S SOFT POWER POTENTIAL: A

WEAPON TO SAFEGUARD HUMAN
SECURITY
Suchhanda Ghosh
Associate Professor
Victoria Institution (College) Kolkata
The concept of security has undergone
substantial changes in the post-globalization
period. It now includes the notion of human
security, which places the individual and
humanity at the core of security debates. This
paper shall try to focus on soft power potential of
India as a prime weapon to protect and enhance
human security. In this context, the concept of soft
power has been explained also. India has always
been one among the few nations having strong
cards in the arena of soft power. But for long,
Indian diplomacy did not emphasize the role of

43
soft power as an important tool of foreign policy
and has recently realised the relevance of cultural
diplomacy. For safeguarding human security, a
positive transformation in society must be
brought about by the application of soft power
strategies. Here comes the pivotal role of India.

TOWARDS ENERGY SECURITY: A QUEST

FOR GLOBAL ENERGY GOVERNANCE
Dr. Arindam Roy
Associate Professor
The University of Burdwan
The criticality of energy security in a nation’s
economy is beyond contestation. Coupled with the
fast-depleting traditional sources of global energy
i.e. the hydrocarbon reserves in the form of oil, and
natural gas, an increasing bout of energy
nationalism by a handful of nation-states, and a
perennially unstable global order have
confounded the very energy topography of the
world. Further, the blurring boundaries of the
integrated world have multiplied the energy
insecurity among the hydrocarbon-dependent
civilizations as in this global era energy security
is not confined to the mutual connection and
interdependence among the oil-exporting and oil-
importing countries alone, but also it involves a
serious climate issues and geopolitical dimension.
In fact, the very demand for energy security has
also undergone a paradigm shift. From a typical
concern of getting ‘stable and uninterrupted

44
energy supplies at an affordable price’ in the face
of a foreseeable depletion of hydrocarbon reserve
in the old paradigm, the new paradigm modifies
the claim of the imminent depletion of
hydrocarbon resources with the technological
developments like shale revolution which claims
to have facilitated the efficient extraction of
previously “frozen” hydrocarbon resources.
Further, the geopolitical dimension has
complicated the issue of energy security to a great
extent. In fact, it would not be an overstatement
to say that global energy security is contingent
upon the geopolitics of the global energy market.
However, the evolving pattern of global politics
brought a subtle shift in the global energy market
as oil fields of the Middle East are getting
increasingly de-Americanized after the shale
revolution in the US and Canada with the
significant presence of China and Russia in it.
Hence, in the face of the increasing demand for
energy security, mere national, regional or global
legal formal safeguards are not enough. To ensure
lasting global energy security we need to move
beyond the legal-formal protocol of different
environmental regimes and introduce a global
governance framework with a clear-cut
delineation of its tenets like enforceability,
financing, and intergovernmentalism. The
present paper proposal intends to see that energy
security in the utterly volatile energy landscape
can be ensured by a global governance framework.

45
 CHILD SECURITY & GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
- ROLE OF INDIA
Dr. Samindra Mohan Biswas
Associate Professor
Bidhan Chandra College
Before delving into the topic UNICEF considers
child protection as the prevention of or responding
to the incidence of abuse, exploitation, violence
and neglect of children. This includes commercial
sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labour and
harmful traditional practices. Protection also
allows children to have access to other rights of
survival, development, growth and participation.
UNICEF maintains that when child protection
fails or is absent children have a higher risk of
death, poor physical and mental health,
HIV/AIDS infection, educational problems,
displacement, homelessness and poor parenting
skills later in their lives.1(Centre for child
protection. org). Having said this let us define
global governance - it refers to institutions that
coordinate the behaviour of transnational actors
facilitate cooperation, resolve disputes and
alleviate collective action problems. Global
governance broadly entails making, monitoring
and enforcing rules. Within global governance, a
variety of actors not just states, exercise powers.
Governance is thus broader than government.
2(European Journal of International Relations:
27(2): 345-368), David A. Lake: "The

46
Organizational Ecology of Global Governance",
2021. In the context of the above, the role of India
is very important in providing child security. The
legislative landscape in India reflects the nation's
commitment to child protection. The Juvenile Act,
2015, focuses on the care, protection and
rehabilitation of children in need of care and
protection, while the POCSO Act, 2012, addresses
child sexual abuse and exploitation. 3(www.cry.
org) Child protection policy in India encompasses
a set of guidelines, regulations and measures,
aimed at ensuring the safety, well being, and
rights of children. These policies are designed to
prevent child abuse, exploitation, neglect, and
other forms of harm. 4(CRY, published on
September 13, 2023). At the same time, the State
shall not deny to any person the equality before
the law or the equal protection before the laws
within the territory of India. Citizens of India
including children must be treated equally before
the law and must be given equal protection by law
without any discrimination or arbitrariness. 5(blo.
ipleaders.in - legal framework for the protection of
child right. Also, Action Aid, India). This paper
wants to look into how the global community deals
with child security and how India is really is
committing herself to the protection of children

SERVANT LEADERSHIP - KEY TO GOOD

GOVERNANCE

47
 Prof. (Dr.) Sunita Nambiyar
Faculty of Social Work
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
& Hemang Joshi
PhD Scholar
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Vadodara, Gujarat. India

The topic of Leadership has generated a lot of

interest not only in corporate sector but also in
Public Service. Servant Leadership in Public
Service is essential for Good Governance. A
Servant leader’s primary focus is on the growth
and well-being of people and the communities to
which they belong. The servant leader needs to
share power, put the needs of others’ first and
helps people develop and perform as highly as
possible. When Servant leadership is applied to
Public Administration, one has examples like the
erstwhile ruler of Baroda State, The Maharaja
Sayajirao III who created a benchmark on how a
leadership can think and be empathetic to his
people.
This paper draws some insights from a book
‘Minor Hints’ by T. Madhava Rao, a collection of
lectures that guided The Maharaja Sayajirao III,
of the princely state of Baroda. The lessons given
are to be re-learned and revised by todays’ leaders
while performing their roles in their respective
constituency, because of the basic premise that is
well laid out in the book – "As citizens progress in

48
intelligence and education, the citizens have a
higher idea of good government than before. What
bad government they tolerated in past times, they
would not tolerate now. What little (good)
government satisfied them in past times, would
not satisfy them now.”
The article ends with the topic of Corporate
Governance, a lately discussed subject due
Government’s pressure of Social Responsibility.
Corporates who are in the business are also
expected to do Social Responsibility acts. Thus,
they too have the responsibility to achieve Social
Development Goals other than the Economic
objectives. This is where even Corporates have to
follow the concept of Servant Leadership thus
taking care of the important Stakeholders – the
Community in which they exist.

ASSESSING CITIZEN PREFERENCES FOR

WOMEN'S SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE
MEASURES IN JAIPUR: A CONJOINT
ANALYSIS APPROACH
Dr. Ruchi Jain
Associate Professor
IIS(deemed to be University),Jaipur
&
Dr. Palak Khandelwal
Independent Researcher
Ensuring women's security and good governance
is critical for creating inclusive and safe
environments. This study employs conjoint

49
analysis to analyse citizen preferences for policies
that improve women's security and governance in
Jaipur, India. Key aspects assessed include
personal safety, access to justice, governance and
policies, economic empowerment, and social
norms, with sub-factors addressing women's
special issues. By measuring preferences across
these dimensions, the study helps policymakers
develop tailored initiatives that address women's
requirements and wants. The findings help to
improve women's security, empowerment, and
inclusive governance in Jaipur, while also
providing insights for other urban areas.
Incorporating citizen viewpoints, particularly
those of women, is critical for developing
successful governing systems and fostering
secure, empowered environments.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: THE

PANACEA FOR HUMAN SECURITY
Prof. Dr. Sudhira Chandra Jena (Retd.)
Department of Political Science
Utkal University, Orissa
In Post-1990 era, it became clear that the
traditional concept of security (State or National
Security) was not enough to accommodate human
welfare, especially the emancipation poor and
disadvantaged groups. It was clearly understood
that people-centered security or human security is
essential for national, regional and global
security. In this context UNDP’s 1994, Human

50
Development Report was a milestone which
focused on the need for ‘human security’ to fight
global insecurities hunting people. To ensure
‘human security’ various attempts have been
made by countries and the UN. Finally, SDGs’ are
the result of decades of hard work by countries
and UN including UN Deptt. Of Economic and
Social Affairs from 90’s of last century till 2015.
This is universally accepted as a blueprint for
peace and prosperity for people and the planet.
In this paper the focus has been laid on
environmental hazards, which are the real threat
to human security and SDGs’ Climate Action (13
of 17 SDGs’). The paper has been divided into six
parts: i)Introductory part (ii) history and
evolution of human security and sustainable
development goals (iii) green house and its effect
on human beings (iv) attempts by national govt. of
India (v) attempts at global level and (vi) findings.

HUMAN SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE IN

SOUTH ASIA
Dr. Mohan Singh Saggu
Associate Professor
Baba Farid Law College
Human security and governance in South Asian
countries are interwoven, influencing the region's
stability and development. South Asia, comprising
countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives, faces
multifaceted challenges impacting human

51
security, including poverty, political instability,
and environmental degradation. Governance in
these nations varies significantly, affecting their
capacity to address human security issues. For
instance, India and Sri Lanka, with their
relatively stable democracies, have made strides
in economic development and poverty reduction,
albeit with persistent issues like corruption and
social inequality. In contrast, Pakistan and Nepal
grapple with political instability and weak
institutions, impeding comprehensive human
security improvements. Human security in South
Asia is also threatened by environmental
challenges. Climate change exacerbates natural
disasters, impacting agriculture, displacing
populations, and straining resources. Bangladesh
and the Maldives are particularly vulnerable,
with rising sea levels threatening their very
existence. Effective governance is crucial for
enhancing human security. Transparent,
accountable, and inclusive governance structures
can better address poverty, health, and education
disparities. Regional cooperation is also essential,
as cross-border issues like terrorism, migration,
and environmental degradation require
collaborative solutions. Overall, while progress
varies, improving governance in South Asia is
imperative for ensuring sustainable human
security and fostering a more resilient and
equitable region.

52
 REVISITING THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR
ARCHIPELAGO IN THE MATRIX OF
SECURITY AND GROWTH FOR ALL IN THE
REGION (SAGAR) POLICY: A CLASSICAL
GEOPOLITICAL APPROACH
Ipshita Chakravarty
Research Scholar
Jadavpur University
The clamour for spatial acquisition by both
regional and extra-regional navies in the Indian
Ocean Region (IOR) is a testament to its
geopolitical relevance in contemporary times. In
this light, India has leveraged its geographical
layout to secure its interests and maritime
boundaries in the IOR and has resorted to
developing the Andaman and Nicobar
archipelago. In a subsequent effort in 2015, it
enunciated the Security and Growth for All in the
Region (SAGAR), a politico-security initiative.
The article deploys the template of a classical
geopolitical model to analyse the bourgeoning
importance of the archipelago in the context of
SAGAR.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN VEDIC

LITERATURE: INSIGHTS AND PRACTICES
Richa Mittal
Research Scholar
Jiwaji University
We are fortunate that we have inherited
environmental conservation from India's Advaita

53
Vedic philosophy. Our philosopher sages have
always tried to establish a close relationship
between man and environment by worshipping
nature and leading an ideal lifestyle, but in
today's materialistic age, due to increasing
pollution, environment has become a serious topic
of discussion. Today again there is a need to make
efforts to spread the Vedic consciousness of
environmental conservation among the common
people and especially among the younger
generation. It is certain that to understand the
scientific nature of these Vedic traditions, a keen
vision is needed, which is present in today's youth.
They can understand and adopt these secrets. In
this research paper we understand our heritage of
environmental conservation today and adopt it
with pride.
For environmental protection, it is very important
for man to have the qualities of truth, gentleness,
determination, penance, knowledge and sacrifice.
Only with these qualities can the earth be
protected (Atharvaveda 12.1.1). The earth should
remain calm. Water should also remain calm.

PIPELINE POWER PLAY: UNVEILING THE

GEOPOLITICAL CHESSBOARD OF ENERGY:
A COMPARISON OF CHINESE, RUSSIAN,
AND U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN GLOBAL OIL
AND GAS PIPELINES
Rajinder Singh

54
 Research Scholar
Punjabi University, Patiala
This study investigates the comparative
geopolitics of energy, focusing on the influence of
superpowers on global oil and gas pipelines.
Specifically, the study conducts analysis of China,
Russia, and U.S. to understand their respective
roles and strategies in shaping global energy
dynamics. Through a comparative analysis,
similarities and differences in the approaches,
interests, and strategies of China, Russia, and
U.S. are identified. The study underscores the
implications of their influence on global energy
dynamics and international relations, including
energy security, regional dynamics, and
geopolitical competition. The inquiry into the
subject adds to our understanding of energy
geopolitics and provides guidance for future
research, policymakers, and stakeholders in
managing the complex relationships between
superpowers and the world’s energy
infrastructure.

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE

INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
RESOURCE CONFLICTS AND HUMAN
SECURITY
Vijayasree Vishwanath
Assistant Professor
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

55
Resource conflicts are dynamic in nature and
intertwine with human security in complex ways,
influencing socio-economic stability and political
dynamics. These conflicts trigger due to the
competition over resources like water, land, and
minerals and in turn aggravate vulnerabilities
and threaten the equilibrium. They have a severe
impact on human life and wellbeing.
Understanding these inter-relationships is crucial
for developing comprehensive strategies that
promote stability, equity, and resilience in times
of resource conflicts. Effective management of
these conflicts requires a comprehensive
framework, which this paper will try to explore.
Resource conflicts have emerged as significant
global challenges with implications on human
security. This analysis explores various
dimensions of these conflicts, encompassing their
causes, consequences and possible frameworks to
overcome the shocks and bring about stability

A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PROTECTING

RIGHTS AND MANAGEMENT OF REFUGEES
IN INDIA: REFLECTIONS AND
POSSIBILITIES
Pradipkumar Bhakabhai Vegad
PhD Research Scholar
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Refugees are technically speaking persons fleeing
persecution, war or violence and cross a border
from one state’s territory into another.

56
Repatriation, settling in a host countries and
resettlement in the third country are three major
possibilities to the forcefully displaced population
is a great deal in the international system which
makes refugee issue a very complicated issue. The
United Nations Convention Relating to the Status
of Refugees of 1951 and its subsequent Protocol of
1967 is the principle legal international
instrument defining, managing and protecting
rights of the refugees globally. The convention
provides for general provisions, judicial status,
gainful employment, administrative measures,
Executory and transitionary provisions’ and so on.
India is neither a signatory to the refugee
convention nor have specific refugee legislation
despite being one of the largest refugee recipient
countries in South Asia. India historically hosted
refugees apart from partition displacement,
Tibetan, Tamilians, refugees from East Pakistan,
Chakmas, Afghans, Nepalese, and Rohingya and
so on. Refugees in India are treated as illegal
immigrants under the foreigners act/Passport act.
There are no guidelines with respect to basic
rights such as right to education, access to court
or travel documents. This paper seeks to critically
analyze the politics of refugee protection with
reference to international law and India’s position
in particular. How does Indian legal framework
protect refugees? Is there any real status of
refugees in India? What are the possibly moral,
political, socio-economic, and legal consequences

57
of dealing refugees on case to case basis? Does
India need universal legislative refugee policy?
What is a way forward?

A STUDY ON ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE

TEACHERS TOWARDS RESEARCH IN
NAGALAND
Nzanbemo Tungoe
Research Scholar
Nagaland University
The present study has been conducted to promote
the important role that research plays in the field
of dissemination of new and innovative ideas in
the field of higher education institutions. The
primary objective is to assess the attitude of
college teachers toward research and to compare
between male and female college teachers in
Nagaland in their attitude towards research. It
aims to shed light on potential solutions to
perceived barriers that hinders teachers'
engagement with research and scholarly
activities. Utilizing a random sampling technique,
the researcher examined 300 college teachers
from 15 colleges in Nagaland. Statistical methods
such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, t -
test and standard error mean were employed for
data analysis. A standardized questionnaire,
“Attitude Towards Research” developed by Vishal
Sood and Prof. Y.K Sharma was the tool used for
the present study which was revalidated by the
researcher. Data analysis was conducted using

58
the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)
Software. The findings reveal that a significant
majority of college teachers in Nagaland exhibit a
highly favorable attitude toward research. A
favourable attitude towards research among the
college teachers in Nagaland is viewed as
beneficial for higher education, emphasizing the
need for effective integration of research in the
higher education sector of the region

A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY:

A FRAMEWORK FOR GLOBAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Kalyani P. Patil
Student
KET'S Vinayak Ganesh Vaze College of Arts,
Science & Commerce (Autonomous)
Humanity faces perpetual struggles due to
irrevocable environmental decay, which poses a
direct risk to our security. Resource depletion,
ecosystem disruption, and climate change are no
longer problems of the future but rather current-
day crises impacting daily lives, ranging from
access to food and water to a habitable planet.
This paper will posit that the conservation of
natural resources has an overarching impact on
many areas, including food security, water supply,
public health, and economic development.
However, these pressing issues remain
unaddressed due to inadequate enforcement
mechanisms and fragmented governance systems.

59
This paper recommends a new framework to
address this complexity, emphasizing enhanced
international collaboration and strict enforcement
of environmental laws while planning
development strategies and integration.
Furthermore, technology should be harnessed to
develop sustainable solutions. By adopting a
holistic and practical approach and ensuring fair
burden-sharing among nations, we can confront
environmental challenges and pave the way for a
more secure and sustainable future for all.

A STUDY ON INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL

PROVISIONS FOR THE WELFARE OF
SCHEDULED TRIBES
Manjunatha J
Research Scholar
Tumkur University, Tumakuru
The Indian Constitution includes various
provisions for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes,
acknowledged as the indigenous peoples of India.
These are detailed in the Constitution's Fifth and
Sixth Schedules, alongside other articles and
clauses. The Fifth Schedule pertains to the
administration of Scheduled Areas, and the Sixth
Schedule allows for autonomous councils in
specific tribal regions. The Constitution also
safeguards tribal land rights, and fosters the
education and economic advancement of tribal
communities, ensuring their representation in
political institutions. These measures are

60
designed to protect the social, financial, and
political rights of Scheduled Tribes and enhance
their overall well-being. In Karnataka, with its
considerable Scheduled Tribe population, the
state government has enacted numerous
initiatives for their welfare. This includes the
formation of autonomous councils for self-
governance and economic growth, and special
schemes for education, healthcare, and housing.
Tribal welfare departments have been set up to
monitor these provisions and confirm that the
benefits are delivered to the rightful recipients.
However, challenges persist in delivering effective
welfare services due to infrastructural deficits,
inadequate healthcare access, and scarce
employment opportunities. Additionally, issues
like the infringement of tribal land rights and
discrimination against tribal communities need
addressing. Hence, intensified efforts from the
state government are essential to fulfil the
constitutional commitments towards the welfare
of Scheduled Tribes effectively.

A SURVEY OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN THE
ASSURING FOOD SECURITY IN THE THANE
CITY
Jaiee Suhas Bhat
Assistant Professor
KET's V.G. Vaze College (Autonomous)

61
Food, Shelter, and Clothing are necessities for all
human beings. As an important source of energy
and nutrition, food is also essential for promoting
the health and well-being of all individuals. In a
populous country like India, providing all facilities
is becoming more and more difficult. With
increasing unemployment, poverty, inflation, and
other economic crises, it is becoming more difficult
to ensure that everyone has sufficient access to
food. Food security refers to the availability of
sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. It is also a
human right essential for the overall health and
well-being of individuals and communities.The
public Distribution System is a medium
introduced by the Government of India to ensure
food security at the micro level. Public
Distribution Services (PDS) is a system
implemented by the Government of India to
address the issue of food scarcity and provide food
and primary commodities at subsidised rates to
the poor and needy sections of society and to
stabilise the prices of essential commodities. The
PDS system remains an important initiative in
the government's efforts to achieve food security
and reduce poverty. This paper aims to analyse
the PDS centres in Thane City and to study their
contribution towards food security. The present
study will also try to find the role of the Public
Distribution System (PDS) in achieving food
security and its effectiveness concerning various
government policies and programs. The paper will

62
draw on interviews and case studies as well as
standard secondary sources

ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GOALS THROUGH PRIS: CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES
Shibaram Karmakar
UGC Junior Research Fellow
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University Purulia
The Sustainable Development Goals also known
as the ‘2030 Sustainable Development Agenda’
was adopted by United Nations in 2015 to
transform the World into a sustainable place to
live in. SDGs are supposed to address some of the
most crucial global challenges and inequalities
related to poverty, hunger, health, gender
equality, education, work, water, sanitation and
environment etc. The 73rd Constitutional
Amendments Acts in 1992 provided constitutional
mandate for decentralization of governance and
creating units of local self-governments at the
rural areas. PRIs have been playing an effective
role in the planning and implementation of
functions related to the 29 subjects listed in the
Eleventh Schedule of Indian Constitution. Many
SDGs and their targets are directly or indirectly
relevant within the realm of these subjects,
thereby the functions of PRIs can directly
contribute in achieving SDGs. The present work
tries to explore the role of PRIs in respect of
achievement of SDGs in India

63
 ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A REAL-
LIFE STUDY ON ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND
RESILIENCE STRATEGIES AMONG
INDIGENOUS RURAL FARMERS IN CACHAR,
ASSAM
Chandani Barman
PhD Research Scholar
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Climate change affecting the agricultural
productivity and sustainable food security among
rural farmers of indigenous communities from
Cachar, Assam, India. To address this gap, case
studies reflect the economic losses caused by
climate variability and identify farmers
adaptation strategies. Qualitative data were
collected through in-depth interviews with nine
rural farmers from various indigenous
communities who engaged in a variety of
agricultural activities such as paddy cultivation,
vegetable farming, and livestock rearing. The
result shows INR 20,000 to 50,000 losses of income
per household primarily as a result of heavy rains,
floods, temperature rise, heavy heal storm and
cyclones. Farmers adjust by diversifying crops,
changing farming processes, and exploring
alternative income sources such as labour work
and weaving. The study emphasizes the
importance for specific adaption approaches to
assist agricultural communities. Finally, the
findings from this study will assist policymakers

64
create sustainable agricultural practices and
livelihood security interventions

ADVANCING TRANSGENDER HUMAN

SECURITY IN INDIA: POLICY INSIGHTS AND
EMPOWERMENT INITIATIVES
Kiran Badoni
Doctoral Research Fellow
Central University of Karnataka
This paper focuses on the various dimensions of
human security that transgender (TG) people in
India contend with, including acts of
discrimination and violence. Both governmental
and non-governmental organisations have
implemented various empowerment projects for
the TG community. Using a qualitative research
approach, secondary sources of data from
government policies, acts, newspaper articles, and
published reports and journals — including
progressive policies like the Transgender Persons
(Protection of Rights) Act of 2019 and state-
specific schemes for education, health,
employment, and financial support for
transgender persons — were scrutinised. Support
measures include monetary reimbursement,
social security, skills development, housing
facilities, primary healthcare, and gender
affirmation surgeries. This analysis highlights the
necessity of effective and inclusive policies and
societal tolerance to improve the security and
quality of life of the transgender population. The

65
findings emphasise the need for precise service
delivery, robust legislation to address
marginalisation, and comprehensive societal
sensitisation to create an enabling environment
for transgender individuals.

AFGHANISTAN UNDER THE TALIBAN:

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGION
Angira Sen Sarma
Assistant Professor
University of Allahabad
Afghanistan today is grappling with massive
humanitarian crisis. The prevailing uncertainties
and chaos in Afghanistan is unprecedented. Since
the takeover of Kabul by the Taliban on 15 August
2021, the situation in Afghanistan is precarious.
The pace with which Kabul had fallen has ruined
the gains made in Afghanistan since 2001. The
deteriorating situation in Afghanistan has serious
ramification on the region, which cannot afford an
unstable Afghanistan. The paper seeks to
examine the geopolitical significance of
Afghanistan, rise, fall and resurgence of Taliban
and the regional implications of the prevailing
uncertainties in Afghanistan

AI AND HUMAN SECURITY: NAVIGATING A

NEW ERA IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE (INDIA
AND BEYOND)
Akshiti Prasad
Student

66
 Loreto College, Calcutta University
The ever-evolving landscape of human security
demands innovative solutions. Artificial
intelligence (AI) presents itself as a powerful tool,
offering potential for enhanced threat detection,
improved international cooperation, and more
effective security measures. However, the
integration of AI into global governance
necessitates careful consideration. This essay
explores the complex relationship between AI and
human security in a globalized world, focusing on
India as a case study. It delves into the benefits of
AI, such as its ability to identify emerging threats,
bolster cybersecurity, and facilitate international
collaboration. However, the essay also addresses
the challenges associated with AI, including the
potential for weaponization, bias in algorithms,
and concerns about global oversight. Finally, the
essay proposes strategies for navigating this new
era, emphasizing the importance of international
cooperation, ethical principles in AI development,
and ensuring equitable access to AI technology. By
addressing these critical aspects, we can harness
the power of AI to build a more secure and stable
world order, ensuring both global security and the
protection of human rights for all.

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY AND
MULTIFACETED APPROACH TOWARDS THE
SECURITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR

67
 SURVIVAL OF MODERN HUMAN
CIVILIZATION
Dr. Paulomi Mallick
Assistant Professor
Brainware University, Kolkata
The environment is the first child of Nature. On
the other side, human being is the most rational
member of the of the Nature’s family. But the real
scenario is that the environment is being exploited
like anything by the human beings. Considerable
environmental degradation has been initiated
after industrial revolution using natural
resources and Nature irrationally. In the last
century, rapid unplanned growth of urbanization
and industries have manifested in global
atmospheric changes which is very much
pronounced as global climate change.
Environment is the integrated system of
atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere
and asthenosphere. Environment maintains an
equilibrium among the said components. Any
major changes in one of the components may
cause disequilibrium of the environmental
system. As a result, food security, water security
are at stake. Rising global temperatures, melting
ice caps, and extreme weather events, the loss of
biodiversity and vulnerable ecosystems are now
threats to the socio-economic survival of the
human civilization. Hence, the environmental
security is the only way for the sake of survival of
human civilization. The present paper aims to

68
understand, mitigation measures in a multi-
faceted approach along with sustainable
development practices, towards the
environmental Security.

ANALYSING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN

ATTITUDES TOWARDS ACCEPTANCE OF
RAPE PERCEPTION
Harshita Bajaj
Research Scholar
National Forensic Science University
More than 31000 rape cases were registered in
India during the year 2022, according to the latest
Crime In India, 2022 Report. Rape continues to be
one of the most concerning Crime Against Women
and ever increasing in numbers. Rape is not just a
crime against the victim, but an act against the
society. As a research study, this study tries to
understand if there exist any differences in how
males and how females approach the idea of rape
myths. It is a fair assumption that there might be
a slight difference in the acceptance of rape myths
in the two genders. This assumption stems from
the basic understanding of gender roles in the
society and status that each have in the wider
connotation of things. Women are supposed to be
affectionate and show more loving and less
aggressive attitudes. Men, on the other hand are
expected to be more violent, aggressive and show
behaviours that prove their “machismo”- have a
sense of masculine pride and that he is supposed

69
to provide for the family and protect them. These
stark and contrasting expectations of gender roles
have contributed to typical roles that lead to
different beliefs and behaviours which manifest in
their acceptance to rape myths.Findings of the
study reveal that in most cases, male had a
negative view about women and often accepted
the rape myths that put the blame on the woman.
It was also found that males agreed and accepted
those beliefs in which men were not usually held
accountable for their act of rapes.

ANALYSING INDIA'S NATIONAL

EDUCATION POLICY 2020 IN THE CONTEXT
OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Rajani Patni
Research Scholar
IIS deemed to be University, Jaipur
This paper explores the alignment and impact of
India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 on
the country's sustainable development objectives.
By assessing the policy's provisions through the
lens of the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4
(Quality Education), the study evaluates how
NEP 2020 contributes to sustainable economic,
social, and environmental development in India.

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN SECURITY IN POST-

CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION:
REBUILDING GAZA

70
 Muhsina Muhammed
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
Human rights insecurity encompasses a wide
range of issues, including health, economic and
political instability and many others. Historically,
war-torn regions have been epicentres for human
rights violations, making the reestablishment of
basic human rights a critical challenge. This
paper delves into the complexities of post-conflict
reconstruction by examining the restoration of
human rights in various nations that have faced
significant turmoil, such as France, Germany,
India, and Afghanistan. Through a detailed
analysis of the experiences of such countries, this
study aims to extract valuable insights and
lessons applicable to the reconstruction efforts in
post-war Gaza, one of the most heavily war-torn
regions globally in present times. Additionally,
the paper will emphasise the role of international
institutions, highlighting the importance of global
governance in maintaining human rights security
to underscore how international cooperation and
support are crucial for the effective rebuilding and
safeguarding of human rights in Gaza

ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF

CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAPPING IN
DIGITAL-BASED START-UP BUSINESS
Hrishi Kumar Gond

71
 Research Scholar
Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
Customer journey mapping (CJM) has emerged as
a pivotal tool for digital-based start-up businesses
striving to enhance customer experiences and
foster sustainable growth in today's competitive
landscape. This study investigates the
antecedents leading to the adoption of CJM and
its outcomes within the context of digital start-
ups. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks from
marketing and entrepreneurship, this research
explores the factors influencing the decision to
implement CJM, including organisational culture,
technological infrastructure, and market
orientation. Additionally, it examines the effects
of CJM on various business outcomes, such as
customer satisfaction, retention, and loyalty, as
well as its impact on organisational performance
and innovation. Methodologically, a mixed-
method approach combining qualitative
interviews with digital start-up founders and
quantitative surveys of customers will be
employed to gather comprehensive insights. The
findings of this study aim to contribute to
theoretical understanding and practical
implications for digital start-ups seeking to
leverage CJM as a strategic tool for customer-
centric innovation and sustainable growth in the
digital era.

72
 ASSESSING DIVERSITY: AN ANALYSIS OF
BORDER POLICIES FOR THE GLOBAL
SOUTH BY EUROPEAN UNION
Shivam
Founder & CEO
Socio Legal Corp International
The research paper examines border policies
implemented by European Union concerning its
interactions with the Global South countries.
With rapid evolution in international relations
and laws, border policies have popped up as a
critical issue which is at the intersection of
economics, politics, and human rights. In this
context, European Union which comprises of 27
countries, an economic and political union, holds
pursuance over global rules of migration and
border policies. The goal of this research paper is
to understand the ambit of EU border policies in
regards to concerning nations in the Global South
with focal point being its intended objectives and
pragmatic ramifications. To achieve the same, the
research paper further delves in the legal,
political, ethical and economic dimensions of EU
border policies. The European Union’s (EU)
border policies have been an issue of controversy
and conflict in recent years. Though EU’s core
objective in this subject is to regulate and
facilitate migration and maintain security, its
recent policies have come under scrutiny for
keeping away the vulnerable populations from the
Global South. EU regulates varied range of issues

73
such as visa requirements, border surveillance,
asylum policies, guest worker programs, and
deportation procedures. However, these steps and
procedures have been alleged as selective in terms
of inclusivity and sensitivity towards diverse
groups from the global south. The research paper
begins by shedding light on historical evolution of
EU border policies when it comprised of mainly 6
inner states during the advent of modern
European integration in 1948. It also mentions
the developments through the Schengen
Agreement to several other contemporary efforts
such as the European Agenda on Migration. In
this chronological events, efforts has been to draw
attention towards border governance, integration
and settlement programs and humanitarian
assistance with third countries. The research
paper also analyses the different range of
instruments including treaties, conventions,
agreements deployed by EU to control and
regulate its border policies with focus on the
Global South, from migration partnerships to
readmission agreements. These varied sets of
instruments through its comparative analysis
unveils their varying degrees of effectiveness,
compliance with international law, and
implications for human rights and global justice.
Moreover, the research paper has monitored and
evaluated the EU border policies in the Global
South by deciphering its impact on migration
governance, cultural exchange, labor markets,

74
and security. Not only that, it also assesses the
accessibility of individuals from the Global South
to legal status, social integration, remittances in
Europe. Further, it aims to portray different
experiences of countries and regions under the
Global South bloc such as South-Asian, North
Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. In conclusion,
this research paper offers insights into the border
policies of EU woven from the construct of keeping
the Global South at bay. It also discusses the
positive change in law for social inclusion of the
Global south and recommends measures which
supports and promotes long-term equitable
outcomes for all stakeholders involved.

ASSESSING INDIA'S SOLAR POWER

INITIATIVES AS A SOFT POWER RESOURCE
Amisha Saxena
Research Scholar
S. S. College
MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
& Prof. Aditya Kumar Singh
HoD, Dept. of Political Science
Swami Shukedevanand College
Shahjahanpur UP
With the world heading towards 2030, the
discourse around environmental sustainability
and security has warmed up. An important
element associated with environmental
sustainability and security is energy
sustainability. In accordance with the Paris

75
Agreement, the nation’s around the world are
making transitions to renewable sources of
energy. India is not an exception to this scenario.
In fact, India is emerging as a nation with a strong
commitment to clean and sustainable lifestyle. In
this regard, India has been promoting the use of
Solar Energy, not only domestically but also
globally. With initiatives like International Solar
Alliance, India is not only setting examples for
other nations but is also showcasing her desire to
collaborate with other nations in this journey of
sustainable development. In this context, the
paper is an attempt to assess India's solar power
initiatives as a soft power resource.

ASSESSING THE DISCREPANCIES IN TERMS

OF SATISFACTION AND DISSATISFACTION
BETWEEN BRAND EXPECTATION AND
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTION
FACTORS PERTAINING TO TELEVISION
BRANDS
Subhajit Basu Chowdhury
Assistant Professor
JIS College of Engineering,Kalyani
& Rupa Paul Lodh
Assistant Professor
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani
& Sohom Majumder
Assistant Professor
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani

76
In case of durable goods, especially product like
television, no satisfaction-dissatisfaction data are
available. The customers buy televisions with
some perceptions. Based on the past purchase
experiences, they form some feelings or
perceptions, how the brand will perform. This is
known as brand expectation. After using the
product, they develop perception about the actual
performance of the brand. They then, compare
their expectations and actual performance of the
brand and have feelings of satisfaction and
dissatisfaction regarding the brand. We had
conducted the empirical research in the city of
Kolkata, India and tried to find out the
satisfaction and dissatisfaction outcomes based on
the above comparison of TV buyers. We had used
mall intercept survey on 509 sample television
buyers in the city of Kolkata and suburbs, India.
Sample respondents were drawn randomly and
data so collected, were analyzed using SPSS
software and our results show satisfaction in case
of television purchasing. The feelings of actual
performance in case of television buying were
found to be greater than the feeling of expectation,
with regard to distribution related attributes. The
significant findings of the research were
presented in the paper. The study of post purchase
consumer behaviour is very significant in this post
liberalization market

77
 ASSESSMENT OF FURNITURE WASTE
DISPOSAL PRACTICES IN SELECTED
HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF
VADODARA CITY
Dr. Urvashi Mishra
Assistant Professor
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
& Suraksha Narang
PhD Scholar
Faculty of Family and Community Sciences

Efficient management of furniture waste is

essential for sustainable growth in the modern
day, especially at higher educational institutions
that play a key role in fostering sustainable
habits. This study investigates the practices
employed for the disposal of furniture waste in 18
higher educational institutions located in
Vadodara City, India. The study aligns with the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely
SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities)
and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and
Production). To fully understand the waste
management practices of higher educational
institutions, it is crucial to recognize the
substantial influence they have on promoting
sustainable behaviors. This study examines the
present state of furniture waste management
through the use of structured interviews with
institutional authorities. The objective is to assess
the current furniture waste disposal practices and

78
illuminate the practical challenges linked to this
problem. The descriptive statistics reveal a
significant absence of institutional regulations
and frameworks for the disposal of furniture
waste in these institutions. The lack of
professional personnel for waste management and
insufficient storage facilities give rise to
significant issues, resulting in improper and
uneven approaches to furniture waste disposal.
The idea is to utilize this data to impact policy
creation and institutional conduct, with the
ultimate aim of achieving Sustainable
Development Goals 11 and 12. The findings
highlight the necessity for targeted interventions
and collaborative efforts across stakeholders to
effectively address these challenges. This unique
addition enriches the global discourse on
sustainable development and human security.

AUTONOMY DEMAND AND BODOLAND

TERRITORIAL COUNCIL: THE CASE OF
ETHNIC COMPETITION
Upamanyu Basu
PhD Scholar
West Bengal National University
of Juridical Sciences
The paper examines the use of asymmetric forms
of federal models as territorial management
strategy to accommodate questions of autonomy
has not been a new thing in multi-ethnic
democracies like India. This paper examines the

79
institutional arrangements in North-East India,
presenting a framework of analysis of the Sixth
Schedule States , which grant different levels of
autonomy to tribal groups. In order to
contextualize the nature of asymmetric federal
structures and its political outcomes this paper
examines the unique trajectory of the Bodo
Movement within Assam , highlighting its
evolving demands and its policy implications.
Despite the relative success of territorial
management in promoting self governance and
accommodating sub regionalism , challenges
persist , particularly in balancing ethnic identity
and territorial claims. In an attempt to present a
nuanced understanding of asymmetric
autonomies, Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC)
is studied in this paper, to understand the
divergent nature of territorial management in
addressing ethnic self rule demands. The Bodos, a
major ethnic minority in Assam ( plain tribes)
have historically pursued autonomy through
various political organizations since the colonial
era. The paper seeks to understand the conditions
and strategies behind the experimental
autonomous arrangement i.e. Bodoland
Territorial Council (BTC) which remains the
highest form of decentralization in NorthEast
India, which is an exception as the Sixth Schedule
provisions had been initially presented only for
hill tribes of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and
Mizoram by granting them the right to create

80
autonomous district councils (ADCs).In addition,
the paper highlights the political implications of
an exceptional federal experiments like BTC,
which creates an ethnic competition in the region
with more demands of similar levels of autonomy
like other ethnic minorities. The findings have
implications for the broader discourse on
territorial management strategies in multi ethnic
democracies facing similar challenges.

BALANCING INNOVATION AND SECURITY:

THE ROLE OF HUMAN SECURITY IN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Parvathi S Jayan
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The intersection of human security and science
and technology is a critical area of research in our
rapidly evolving world. Human security, rooted in
the protection of individuals against various
threats to their well-being and human dignity,
provides a lens through which to view the effects
of scientific and technological development. In the
context of science and technology, human security
encompasses issues ranging from physical
security and health to ethical considerations,
environmental sustainability, equality and cyber
security. Advances in science and technology can
improve human security by improving health
care, raising safety standards, promoting

81
sustainable development and promoting
inclusion. But they also present challenges such
as ethical issues, inequalities in access,
environmental degradation and cyber security
risks. The intersection of human security and
science and technology is a critical area of
research in our rapidly evolving world. This paper
aims to provide a concise overview of the
multifaceted relationships between these fields
and to highlight key themes and aspects

BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE VS.

PARTNERSHIP FOR GLOBAL
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT: INDIA’S
WAY
Dr. Shraddha Rishi
Assistant Professor
Magadh University, Bodhgaya
BRI and PGII are global initiatives aimed at
promoting infrastructure development in different
parts of the world. These two multi-modal
connectivity initiatives are juxtaposed to find out
suggestions for multilateral connectivity. This
article discusses how they differ from and
complement each other, and India’s approach
towards these initiatives. India, being one of the
largest economies in the world, has its perspective
on these initiatives. The study suggests ensuring
positive-sum connectivity and avoiding a cold-war
mentality. Additionally, it prohibits the BRI and
PGII from becoming the fiefdom of the great

82
powers’ rivalry. Both initiatives are essential to
bridge the infrastructure gap and promote
sustainable development worldwide

BENEATH THE SURFACE: DELVING INTO

HIDDEN AGENDAS FUELLING GLOBAL
CONFLICT
Aaryan Gaur
Student
Army Law College, Pune
In the growing emergence of integration of greed
with mentality the world is creating new horizons
of jeopardizing human security. As greed becomes
deeply intertwined with human nature, the
representatives of it make crucial decisions just to
satisfy that greed. Throughout the times of history
and the present day we have witnessed how any
sort of political intervention in the global scale or
national could unhinge the world and pose a
threat to the human security. All of these
occurrences can be narrowed down for global
power, resources, and euphoric joy of dominance.
But, amidst these pursuits, we tend to overlook
the fact that such incidents are creating a newer
horizon of risking the human security at a global
level and through my research paper, I am aiming
to provide tentative solutions for curbing such
threats to human security, echoing the sentiment
encapsulated in the Sanskrit shloka, “Vasudev
Kodumbakam”

83
 BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH GAZA UNDER
STATE OF EXCEPTION
Gayathri Pramod Panamoottil
Research Scholar
University of Kerala
The life of Palestinians under Israel's domination
is constantly under threat. Continuous military
evacuation, siege, displacement, and suspension
of the rule of law are highly sensitive under
international law. Over the past decades, a series
of regimes invoked by Israel have gradually
constructed the Gaza Strip into s site of exception
to commonly recognized rules and conventions,
legitimizing and perpetuating the territories into
separation and confinements. The organizing
principle behind the Gaza state of exception is the
separation, isolation, and detention of a surplus
Palestinian population into designated spatial
zones that have been ignored, absent, or
obfuscated. In short, we can say that Israel has
wholly isolated Palestine into a land-locked
region, especially Gaza and West Bank. Israel
restricts any movement through its separation
wall, checkpoints, surveillance, etc. Israeli has
gradually constructed the Gaza strip into a site of
exception - due to the prolonged blockage and
suspension of rights, separation, and confinement.
Gaza is known as the largest open prison on earth.
Israel's issue is blocked on land, air, water, and
sea. More Gaza is also known as hell on the planet
or a mega jail, said Ilan Pappe. The blockade of

84
Gaza, which Israel has carried out, is considered
one of the most brutal instances of colonial
oppression in the region. The systematic
domination and control applied to the people of
Gaza find the most brutal colonial oppression and
violence. Followed by practice of total elimination
and annihilation using various brutal techniques
which are quite inhuman leading to a bare life
with no existential feeling. The military,
economic, and physical blockade that Israel is
carrying over Gaza has been considered a grim
example of colonial over-exaggeration. The
colonial powers could impose their will over entire
communities, and they would typically starve and
eliminate them to satisfy their strategic and racial
goals. The over-incapacitating use of restrictive
mechanisms and the over-indulging of sovereign
power by Israel also contribute to the growing
tensions in the region. The continuous anxiety and
the lack of confidence between the Palestinians
and the Israeli forces are continuously
contributing to the ever-increasing pressures and
the need for research. This study will look into the
various challenges that the people of Gaza face
due to the control and oppression that Israel has
over them and the resistance they are
experiencing.

BETWEEN PEACE AND DETERRENCE: A

STUDY OF THE SECURITY ISSUES WITH A

85
 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JUST WAR IN
GITA
Mousumi Das
Assistant Professor
Rabindra Bharati University
A Study of the Security issues with a comparative
analysis of Just War in Gita The question of
nuclear defense and deterrence is the most
discussed topic in contemporary politics. The
terms peace and deterrence were used in a
different sense than their traditional denotation.
There is a controversy between utilitarians and
deontologists regarding implementing the terms
peace and deterrence in contemporary politics. In
this article, we will discuss this controversy about
the implementation of peace and deterrence in the
context of Mahabharata. Moreover, we discussed
the Kurukshetra War, and whether it could be
considered a Just War. Was Krishna’s counsel to
Arjuna implemented for Justice? Can the theory
of deterrence be applied to the Kurukshetra war?
All these things are dealt with here. Additionally,
we discussed Kautilya’s concept of sama as a
viable option for implementing deterrence in
contemporary politics

BEYOND ENROLLMENT: ASSESSING THE

IMPACT OF MUKHYAMANTRI BALIKA
(SNATAK) PROTSAHAN YOJNA ON
UTILIZATION AND EDUCATIONAL

86
 CONTINUATION OF GIRLS IN HIGHER
EDUCATION IN BIHAR
Dr. Sheela Yadav
Assistant Professor
LN Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar
& Monika Jha
Academic Associate (Economics)
Great Lakes institute of Management
Gurgaon
The "Mukhyamantri Balika (Snatak) Protsahan
Yojna" stands as a pivotal initiative in Bihar,
aimed at encouraging educational security for
girls, particularly in the realm of higher
education. This study investigates the impact of
this Yojana (MBSPY) on girls' enrolment and
continuation in higher education in Darbhanga
district. This research delves into the program's
implementation and its impact on the educational
landscape of Darbhanga district. Through a
comprehensive examination of enrollment
statistics, retention rates, and socio-economic
dynamics, the study seeks to evaluate the
effectiveness of the scheme in breaking down
barriers to education. Additionally, qualitative
insights from beneficiaries shed light on the
practical experiences and challenges faced. For
research, 80 undergraduate girls from various
colleges (MRM, College, C.M. College, MLSM
College, and Marwadi College) of Darbhanga city
were interviewed using a structured
questionnaire. Findings indicate that the scheme

87
has successfully encouraged girls in Bihar to
pursue higher education, reducing the gender gap
in education. However, societal and familial
barriers still hindered the participation of some
girls, especially those who got married after
completing their bachelor's degree. The study
suggests improving awareness, addressing
cultural barriers, and providing access to
educational resources. Policy recommendations
included an easy and timely application process,
mentorship programs, enhanced monitoring of
attendance of beneficiaries, and timely
disbursement. Implementing these
recommendations will further empower girls and
foster an inclusive educational environment

BIMSTEC: PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES

FOR INDIA
Shailendra Kumar
Research Scholar
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya (Bihar)
The inability of SAARC to foster collaboration in
South Asia has compelled regional parties to seek
an alternative. BIMSTEC has evolved gradually
as an institution. At the Third Summit in 2014,
the BIMSTEC Secretariat was formed in Dhaka,
Bangladesh, to provide an organized framework
for strengthening and improving collaboration.
Since 2014, India has attempted to revitalize the
BIMSTEC in order to capitalize on untapped trade
opportunities, promote energy and food security,

88
and stimulate development in its North Eastern
region by improving building connectivity with
South East Asian countries and promoting greater
economic integration in the Bay of Bengal region.
BIMSTEC faces similar challenges to the SAARC,
such as its perception as an India-dominated bloc,
India's bilateral differences and border disputes
with other South Asian countries and political
turmoil in the member countries. The paper
analyses India’s efforts for the reinvigoration of
the BIMSTEC and further study challenges of
Asian regionalism discourse hampering resurged
security and economic interests in the region

BIOENERGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

MITIGATION AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
J K Mony Angelus
Assistant Professor Of Law
Government Law College, Chengalpattu
The United Nations, along with the Clean Energy
Ministerial Biofuture Platform Initiative and
other organisations, has released a joint
statement highlighting the critical role of
sustainable bioenergy in global energy
transitions. The 1.5°C scenario of the
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
projects that bioenergy will contribute to over 18%
of total final energy consumption by 2050.
Bioenergy derivatives are flexible, storable, and
dispatchable, improving the sustainability and

89
resilience of energy systems. Biofuels are now
considered practical solutions in sectors like
shipping and aviation. Sustainable bioenergy is
essential for achieving net zero emissions, and
good governance is required to ensure its
sustainable use and practice. Different feedstock
possibilities provide distinct energy transition
paths in different places, especially in land-based
industries. The declaration underlines the vital
role of sustainable bioenergy in the bioeconomy,
supporting local socioeconomic development.
Strong government is required to maximize the
benefits of sustainable bioenergy while lowering
hazards, ensuring food and energy security,
climate justice, biodiversity protection, land and
water rights, and alignment with local
development aspirations. Key principles of
solutions include informed consent and
stakeholder involvement, and accepted standards
for sustainability and quality are vital. In
conclusion, sustainable bioenergy supports
climate and sustainable development objectives
and is crucial in the global energy transition. By
fostering fairness, justice, and economic
competitiveness, bioenergy can play a significant
role in the global bioeconomy.

BREAKING BARRIERS: WOMEN'S

LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
AND SECURITY
Shreya Sarkar

90
 PhD Research Scholar
Jadavpur University, Kolkata
This article examines the critical role of women's
leadership in global governance and security,
highlighting the progress made, the barriers that
persist, and the strategies to overcome these
challenges. Historically marginalized, women are
increasingly assuming pivotal roles in
international organizations, influencing policy
and decision-making processes. Despite this
progress, significant obstacles remain, including
societal norms, institutional biases, and personal
hurdles. Through detailed case studies of
prominent women leaders and analysis of data on
women's representation, this article accentuates
the constructive impact of inclusive governance on
global security. It also explores effective policy
reforms, educational initiatives, and advocacy
efforts that are essential for fostering gender
equality in leadership. By showcasing success
stories and offering actionable recommendations,
the article aims to inspire continued efforts to
break barriers and support women's leadership in
global governance and security, ultimately
contributing to more equitable and effective global
policies

CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION: AN

ADMINISTRATION-IN-EXILE
MANOEUVRING THROUGH INTERLOCKING
CHALLENGES

91
 Anshuman Ankit
Research Scholar (JRF)
Magadh University
Tibet, an isolated Himalayan nation in 1959, lost
its freedom to the People’s Liberation Army of
China and forced its ecclesiastical ruler His
Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, to flee into exile
with an estimated exodus of more than 80,000
Tibetans who followed him to lead new lives as
refugees in a host nation, India. The traditional
Tibetan polity which was characterized by
Buddhist cultural and regional elements,
attempted to consolidate socio-cultural identities
through homogenizing nationalistic programs in
newly established modern democratic political
institutions under the leadership of the Central
Tibetan Administration (CTA). They have
developed from encampments to unique
settlements, forming a community called the
world’s most successful refugee community. The
rationale behind this paper is to stimulate
reflection on the surmounting challenges faced by
CTA to safeguard Tibetans' identity-in-exile,
sustain and enhance socio-economic wants from
the forces of modernity, and keep them unified for
the cause of Tibet

CHANGING DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN

SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE: INDIA AND
THE WORLD
SK Abdul Amanullah

92
 PhD research scholar
RKDF University, Ranchi
In an era characterized by complex global
challenges, the concept of human security has
expanded beyond traditional state-centric
security paradigms to encompass a wide array of
socio-economic, environmental, and human rights
concerns. This study delves into the evolving
dimensions of human security and governance,
with a particular focus on India's role and
contributions within the global context. By
examining India's multifaceted approach to
addressing human security challenges, including
poverty alleviation, healthcare provision,
education reforms, and legal empowerment, this
research seeks to elucidate the
interconnectedness between domestic policy
frameworks and international governance
regimes. The study employed qualitative
approach, combining qualitative analysis through
extensive literature review and qualitative
interviews with policymakers and experts,
alongside quantitative analysis of key socio-
economic indicators. Through this
interdisciplinary lens, the study aims to provide
insights into how India's experiences inform
global strategies for enhancing human security
and governance frameworks, emphasizing lessons
learned and best practices applicable to diverse
socio-political contexts worldwide. Furthermore,
by evaluating India's participation in

93
international and regional human security
initiatives, the study contributes to
understanding India's evolving role as a
stakeholder in shaping global governance
agendas. Ultimately, this research aims to offer
nuanced perspectives and actionable
recommendations for policymakers, researchers,
and practitioners seeking to promote inclusive
development and resilience against emerging
global challenges in the 21st century

CHILD SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE

GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS: THE ROLE OF
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Shivani Rai
PhD Research Scholar
Savitribai Phule University, Pune
Concern over the global refugee crisis has risen
over the past few decades and has reached a
critical juncture. Over the past few years, the
world has witnessed the number of refugees, as
well as IDPs (internally displaced people), rise
drastically, with millions of individuals and
communities forced to flee their homes. The
reasons are multifaceted and include numerous
social, political, and environmental aspects. While
trying to escape areas affected by natural
disasters and violence, many people face the
danger of being sexually abused or exploited. In
this calamity, children's lives have been intensely
impacted. This research paper aims to look at the

94
overall scenario of child refugees and identify
which areas are most affected and the regions that
are prone to such crises. It then sheds light on the
elements contributing to the crisis and its far-
reaching consequences. This research paper also
looks at the availability of basic services for child
refugees, including early childhood development.
Then, an attempt has been made to look into the
role of global governance in addressing child
refugees’ special vulnerabilities.

CHINESE HYDRO-POLITICS AND

TRANSBOUNDARY WATER COOPERATION
IN SOUTH ASIA: FROM A HYDRO-
HEGEMONIC PERSPECTIVE
Ammu S Anil
JRF
Jamia Millia Islamia
When people think of water, the initial association
is typically with the colour blue or the Shibaram
Karmakarvisible water that moves in a river.
Considering the alterations that have transpired
in the water discourse over the last two decades,
we assert that the WEBS approach is a more
suitable acronym for delineating water. According
to Jayanta Bandyopadhyay, the letters W, E, B,
and S represent wetlands, energy, biodiversity,
and sediments, respectively. This provides a
thorough comprehension of water and the
collaboration on transboundary water is an
essential necessity at now. Undoubtedly, water is

95
the most crucial natural resource at humanity's
disposal. South Asia, although having only 4
percent of the world's yearly renewable water
resources, is home to 25 percent of the world's
population, making water resources very valuable
in this region. Responsibility for supplying water
to the region lies with 20 primary transboundary
rivers. The primary river systems in the area,
including the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and
Indus River basins, play a crucial role in providing
sustenance, water, and energy. South Asia lacks
collaboration in managing water resources and
the establishment of formal agreements and
organisations to facilitate such cooperation.
governments often employ concepts and
techniques to settle water usage issues, although
these efforts often focus on their own territories
and seldom include other governments in the
region.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY

IN INDIA: EXAMINING IMPACTS,
CHALLENGES.
Priyanka Ghatera
Student
Ambedkar University
In the context of India, "Climate Change and
Human Security in India: Examining Impacts,
Challenges" examines the complex relationship
between climate change and human security. It
explores the complex effects of climate change on

96
different aspects of human security, including
food, water, health, and livelihoods in India. It
looks into the difficulties presented by phenomena
brought on by climate change, such as extreme
weather, rising sea levels, and environmental
degradation, which exacerbate already-existing
vulnerabilities and inequities. It will viewed from
an interdisciplinary lens, emphasizing the
significance of policy interventions and
community resilience-building initiatives,
underscoring the critical need for comprehensive
adaptation and mitigation policies to protect
human security in climate change.

NAVIGATING ENGENDERED HUMAN

SECURITY IN A CONFLICT ZONE: INSIGHTS
FROM KASHMIR THROUGH CINEMA IN THE
21ST CENTURY
Arti Devi
PhD Scholar
Banaras Hindu University
Human security deals with the security of
individuals from violent and non-violent conflicts
and challenges the notion of traditional territorial
security of states. The United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) in 1991 defined
human security as freedom from fear and freedom
from want. But there is no universal definition of
human security because threats which humans

97
are facing depend upon numerous factors such as
gender, age, political grievances, economical
factors and also on the dwelling place of an
individual, and challenges faced by people in
conflict zones are totally different from the one
living in a peaceful area. Human security in
conflict areas is multifaceted and everyone suffers
disproportionately in such areas especially
women, children and old age people are the worst
sufferers. Women who are always on the receiving
end are not treated as a second gender but as a
secondary gender and suffers both violent and
non-violent conflicts more than a man, therefore
the aim of the present study is to understand the
dynamic interplay between human security and
gender in a conflict ridden zone of Kashmir.
Stressing on the challenges and difficulties faced
by women in the marginalized areas, the present
study will focus on their threats to the various
dimensions of human security including
environmental, health, economic, personal, food,
community, and political security. As in the
contemporary world, mass media has emerged as
an integral part of the individual’s life in
spreading information and awareness, therefore
the present study is conducted with the help of
popular instrument of mass media i.e. cinema. It
further highlights how cinema impacts a large
population by representing culture and also by
assigning gender specific roles. Therefore the
present study focused on the human security of

98
Kashmiri women as depicted in the movies based
on Kashmir

COMPREHENDING LIVELIHOOD
CHALLENGES AND DIGITAL
INACCESSIBILITY AMONG RURAL FEMALE
WORKERS: AN INVESTIGATION OF
DARBHANGA
Dr. Sheela Yadav
Assistant Professor
LN Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar
&
Sudha Yadav
Research Scholar
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
This study aims to explore how rural working
women face the challenges generated by
digitalization and how digitalized customer
behaviour brings them into the arena of distress
and due to that their selling product is getting
affected. The present study is based on primary
data from Darbhanga district because it is one of
the 5th largest district in terms of population in
North Bihar. The random sampling method is
used to collect information through a semi-
structured questionnaire. This study is mainly
focused on traditional women vendors, roadside
sellers, and tiny shopkeepers. Empirical study is
applied along with some descriptive statistics,
facts, figures and graphs. The sample is selected
from 40 targeted Rural Working Women (RWW)

99
randomly based on convenient and snowball
sampling because the study includes homeless,
unregistered working women working near
railways station, Haat bazar, airports etc. The
study examines how RWW encounters digitisation
and constant falling in their businesses. Failing to
follow the skill of digitalisation, RWW leading
them to close their livelihood business in the
future.

CROSS-BORDER TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN

AND CHILDREN IN NEPAL AND INDIA: THE
ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Shrihari Pandey
IPS, Presently, SP, Kalimpong District
West Bengal Police
Recent studies highlight the importance of
directing Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
towards an on-going study of trafficking trends
involving women and children. These victims,
trafficked across the Indo-Nepal border, have been
successfully rescued and rehabilitated from
various regions of India, the Middle East, and
South East Asian nations with the active support
by the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs).
Despite the enforcement agencies in India and
Nepal adhering to domestic laws and

100
international norms, challenges persist due to
lack of coordination and insufficient emphasis on
data sharing and documentation. A national level
nodal agency on the line of Narcotics Control
Bureau (NCB) is need of the hour to consolidate
efforts and information from state law and order
agencies, facilitating a more effective fight against
trafficking. Drawing from secondary literature,
using existing research articles, government
reports, NGO publications and databases, this
study explores trafficking issues from
perspectives of both governments. This article will
delve into trafficking issues from the perspectives
of the respective governments of India and Nepal,
emphasizing the importance of collaborative
efforts to safeguard human rights

CULTURAL ANTHROPOMORPHISM AND ITS

IMPACT ON ELEPHANTS: THE ZOOPOLIS
PERSPECTIVE ON THRISSUR POORAM
Githin Gigi Mannakunnil
Research Scholar
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Thrissur Pooram is a cultural festival held in
Kerala, India, known for its spectacle of
caparisoned elephants and massive firework
displays. However, the festival has been a subject
of concern for animal rights activists due to the
treatment of elephants during the festival. The
paper explores the breaching of animal rights
focusing on the treatment of elephants with cross

101
references to the concept of cultural
anthropomorphism and examines how it violates
the idea of zoopolis in the conduct of the festival.
Cultural anthropomorphism is the attribution of
human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-
human entities within a cultural context. The
theory of zoopolis put forth by Sue Donaldson and
Will Kymlicka (2011) provides a framework for
understanding the rights of animals based on
their relationships with human societies. It
focuses on the relational obligations that arise
from the varied ways that animals relate to
human beings. This is an exploration on how the
elephants are abused during the religious festival
resulting in the violation of animal rights. The
paper proposes the need for zoopolis in the conduct
of the festival and advocates for a sustainable
balance between cultural customs and animal
welfare.

CYBER MISOGYNY: ANALYZING WOMEN'S

SECURITY IN INDIAN POLITICAL
DISCOURSE
Nini Thomas
Research Associate
Dr. Vishwanath Karad
MIT World Peace University
Women's security is complex, especially when it
comes to their political participation in India.
Although the women's empowerment initiative of
the Government of India has somewhat integrated

102
women into the mainstream, over the years many
challenges they face remain unresolved. This
paper explores one such challenge surrounding
women's security in the Indian political
landscape, highlighting the cyber misogyny they
encounter and the lack of political party discipline
codes addressing their security concerns. The
study evaluates the impact of such harassment on
women's political engagement, underscoring the
necessity for effective resolutions to prevent and
address these issues in political settings.
Methodologically, this research employs a
secondary data analysis approach, drawing on
existing literature, reports, and studies to analyze
the patterns and consequences of women's
harassment in Indian politics. It stresses the
importance of implementing disciplinary rules in
political party codes to safeguard women
representatives from harassment, discrimination,
and violence, ensuring their secure and active
participation in political activities. The study calls
to action political party leaderships and the
legislators to deploy an effective strategy to
combat women's harassment, promote gender
equality, and harness women's potential as
drivers of change in the Indian political arena,
advocating for the adoption of inclusive policies
and practices that support women's leadership
and their advancement in politics

103
 DARJEELING TO GORKHALAND: DEMAND
FOR A SEPARATE STATE
Koushik Sen
Student
Department of Political Science
Kazi Nazrul University
Darjeeling Movement i.e. The Gorkhaland
Movement demanding formation of Separate
Independent State is not new today. The Demand
to Separate the Gorkhaland region from West
Bengal is more than a Century old subsequently.
The Continuity of this movement increased
gradually. So far the Demand for Gorkhaland has
not been erased forever from the chest of the
mountain. This movement is still burning like
flame of a lamp. In the 1980s, Gorkhaland
demands were ignited under the leadership of
Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF)
Supremo Subhash Ghisingh. A Violent Movement
led by the Gorkha National Liberation Front
(GNLF), Formed by the Late Fire Band Leader
Subhash Ghisingh, took place in 1986. More than
1,200 People Were killed during the Movement
(Although Unofficial Figures are much higher).
What is the Cause of the anger of the Gorkha
People and their demands? I will try to present my
discussion in the article. The Subject of my
discussion in this is about demand for a Separate
State of Gorkhaland. But before discussing
Gorkhaland, We first need to know Darjeeling’s
Geographical Location, Climate, Administrative

104
and Development History. I will try to highlight
as much as possible. Although I will have the main
topic of discussion here similarly, if I do not
discuss about Darjeeling, then it would seem futile
to discuss about Gorkhaland. The Research article
in question has this little Reflection on it.

DECIPHERING HUMAN SECURITY

DILEMMAS IN MANIPUR AFTER THE
MYANMAR MILITARY COUP OF 2021
R K Sanayaima Singh
Research Scholar
Jamia Millia Islamia
This conference paper investigates the intricate
web of human security issues unfolding in
Manipur following the military coup in Myanmar
in 2021. As geopolitical dynamics shifted,
Manipur was at the intersection of regional
instability, exacerbating pre-existing
vulnerabilities. The paper critically analyses the
impact on various dimensions of human security,
including socio-economic well-being, political
stability, and cultural integrity. Employing a
multidisciplinary lens, we examine the ripple
effects of the coup on local communities, exploring
the displacement patterns, heightened security
concerns, and implications for the region's socio-
political fabric. By shedding light on the nuanced
connections between the Myanmar coup and
Manipur's human security landscape, this
research aims to contribute valuable insights for

105
policymakers, academics, and practitioners
engaged in conflict resolution and regional
stability efforts.

DECODING THE CONCEPT OF

SUSTAINABLE, GREEN, AND ETHICAL
TOURISM IN SANTINIKETAN, BIRBHUM,
WEST BENGAL
Dr. Atrayee Banerjee
Teaching Faculty, Department of Human Rights
Basanti Devi College
&
Prof. (Dr). Indrila Guha
Principal
Basanti Devi College
Sustainable, green, and ethical tourism or
precisely Responsible Tourism considers and
respects the diverse cultural heritage while
making changes and applications. In West
Bengal, Responsible Tourism ventures had been
initiated only in a few northern and southern
districts. New ventures along the line had been
initiated in Birbhum and Bankura,
predominantly in the last. Given this backdrop,
the current study will investigate the initiatives
taken by the resort/homestay owners in
Santiniketan, Birbhum district, and the response
of the visitors to this new and sustainable
initiative. Primary data will be collected through
in-depth interviews with the respondents (Hotel

106
owners/ managers, tourists, and local
communities) with their prior consent.

DECONSTRUCTING "MARD KO DARD NAHIN

HOTA": FALSE MASCULINITY IN INDIAN
SOCIETY
Dr. Somdatta Banerjee
Assistant Professor
New Alipore College
The phrase "Mard Ko Dard Nahin Hota" is
evocative of a deep-seated stereotype in Indian
psychology that defines a stringent and robust
connection between masculinity and emotional
invincibility and stoicism. Grounded in cultural
norms that date back to historical times, the
dictates forcing men to suppress their emotions
result in extreme mental health disorders,
relationship hurdles, and even societal violence.
The exaggerated qualities and vices that
culminate in these actual harmful practices and
attitudes result in toxic masculinity. This paper
deconstructs the false notions of masculinity and
the conceptual framework of hegemonic
masculinity. Breaks the stereotypes and
highlights new narratives being written in
education, media, and personal testimonials. By
advocating for a more inclusive understanding of
masculinity that embraces vulnerability and
emotional diversity, this paper aims to foster a
more supportive and empathetic societal
framework. Therefore, it tries to underscore the

107
critical need to dismantle harmful gender
stereotypes to promote mental well-being and
social harmony for all

DIGITAL FRONTIERS: RETHINKING LAW

AND GOVERNANCE IN THE AGE OF
CONNECTIVITY
Dr. Khursheed Jamil
Assistant Professor
Unity PG College
University of Lucknow
& Dr. Baseerat Fatima
Assistant Professor (Law)
Unity PG Degree College
University of Lucknow
The rise of digital technologies is blurring
geographical borders, impacting how we
understand international law and governance.
This paper examines how cyberspace and digital
globalization are reshaping these concepts. It
explores the challenges and opportunities of this
"borderless" realm, focusing on issues like data
privacy, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and
digital trade. By analyzing the role of
international organizations, treaties, and evolving
norms, the paper explores how to regulate
cyberspace and foster global cooperation.
Ultimately, it aims to illuminate the complexities
of navigating international law in the digital age
and contribute to discussions on building a more

108
inclusive, secure, and rights-respecting digital
future for all.

DOMESTIC WORKERS IN WEST BENGAL:

SEEKING SOCIAL SECURITY EVERY DAY
AND EVERY CHORE
Dr. Sneha Singh
Independent Researcher and Advocate
Calcutta High Court
More than 4.75 million people of India are
engaged as Domestic Workers and they are
amongst the most exploited classes of workers.
The demand is constantly increasing with
modernization and increasing challenges in day to
day affairs. Each urban family is a nuclear family
with almost all the members of the household
earning and being left with limited time for
household chores. The unorganized sector of
Domestic Workers is expanding with no
restrictions on entry and exit and availability of
multiple options but so are the issues thereto. One
of the biggest challenges they face is economic
security and social security. The working
conditions are often abusive and unfavourable
while some commute even 100 kilometres daily in
search of jobs and opportunities. The Government
of West Bengal introduced various schemes and
legislative provisions to protect their status but
the ground reality remains the same. The law
titled West Bengal Unorganised Workers’ Welfare
Act 2007 was enacted with the scope of protecting

109
the rights of and ensuring social security to the
Unorganized Sector and its workers. This paper
will study the legislative framework drafted to
provide benefits and discuss in details the
initiatives taken by the State Government to
support the Domestic Workers of West Bengal and
the perils that they face every day for the sake of
survival and how the schemes are just drops of
water in drought like situation

DRIVING SUSTAINABLE GROWTH : THE

ROLE OF INDIAN COMPANIES,
INFRASTRUCTURE AND INNOVATION
ACHIEVING SDGS
Dewanshi Rana
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The role of Indian companies in sustainable
industrialization is paramount as the nation seeks
to balance economic growth with environmental
stewardship. The paper delves into the promotion
of green technology in Indian industries under the
Companies Act 2013, emphasizing the importance
of green technology in achieving Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG). Additionally, it
analyzes the role of Public Private Partnerships
(PPPs) in infrastructure development and their
impact on SDG in India. This study examines the
pivotal role of infrastructure in fostering
innovation with industries. It explores the

110
interplay between physical, digital and regulatory
frameworks, highlighting their impact on
innovation ecosystems. The research underscores
the importance of robust infrastructure in driving
sustainable economic growth and
competitiveness. This approach aligns with the
global agenda of achieving the SDGs, particularly
SDG which focuses on building resilient
infrastructure, promoting inclusive and
sustainable industrialization, and fostering
innovation.

ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF MAHALI

TRIBE: A CASE OF INDIGENOUS
EPISTEMOLOGY FOR FUTURE
SUSTAINABILITY
Laxmiram Gope
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Political Science
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University
&
Sujit Kuiry
Research Scholar
Dept. of Political Science
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University
In this modern age indigenous practice has a
great importance for futuristic resource
management and to maintain the sustainability of
life style. Mahali Tribe falls within the category of
indigenous tribe who mainly depends on bamboo
works for running their livelihood. The

111
researchers onducted an exploratory study on
Chakuliya village to find out their best practices
and to know the utilization of these practices. The
researchers used Purposive Sampling for fulfilling
the objectives of the study. In spite of various
forms of technological advancements indigenous
Mahali tribe till now depends on bamboo crafts.
Bamboo crafts are ecofriendly in nature. It also
protects the said community from economic crises
while these traditional vocations promote the
ecological and environmental sustainability with
simple ethics of manual labour. Eco- centric
pedagogy is highly needed for achieving the
Sustainable Development Goals and making
people aware about the crisis of mother nature.
The policy-makers also try to implement the value
of local knowledge and cultures in the curriculum
as well as formal education system to make the
social surrounding a sustainable one. Traditional
practices are ecofriendly than consumerist
modern practices. Bamboo crafts can be linked to
vocational education to make learning by doing
concept effective.

EMBANKMENT FAILURE ALONG

BHAGIRATHI IN MALDA DISTRICT, WEST
BENGAL, INDIA
Ankhi Sen Sanyal
Assistant Professor
Basanti Devi College

112
Historical record of hydrology of West Bengal
shows that the shifting of the Ganges has been a
predominant phenomenon that has constantly
shaped and reshaped the territorial history of
Malda district. The river erosion opens up the
opportunity to explore and identify the reasons
behind the approach of Bhagirathi in several
blocks of Malda and understand the political-
economy of this emerging phenomena as also
outline the expected social pressure arising
thereafter. The political challenges faced by the
administration in such instances of loss of natural
and human resources are far more complicated.
Scope: The study would explore the nature of
embankment failure along the river Bhagirathi in
the district of Malda; impact of embankment
failure on the lives of the people in the villages
affected by embankment failure of Bhagirathi,
policy implication and local community initiatives
Methodolgy: Primary data will be collected
through in-depth interviews with the respondents
by the investigator with their prior consent.
Secondary data will be collected through library
work, scholarly articles, and related readings.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND HUMAN

SECURITY: NAVIGATING RISKS AND
REWARDS
Iqra Nissar
PhD Scholar
Amity University, Noida

113
"In the age of 4th Industrial revolution, as
emerging technologies continue advancing at an
exponential rate, understanding and proactively
addressing their implications and complex
interactions with human security is vital. The
rapid advancement of emerging technologies like
artificial intelligence (AI),blockchain and others is
ushering in a new era of immense promise but also
considerable risk. While these technologies could
help solve existential challenges like disease,
hunger, and climate change, they also have
serious implications for human security that must
be carefully examined. Artificial intelligence, one
of the most transformative technological forces,
has already achieved paradigm-shifting
breakthroughs but capable AI systems could be
vulnerable to adversarial attacks, privacy
violations, or even potential unalignment with
human values and goals.
This paper aims to evaluate both the risks and
opportunities these powerful innovations present
across multiple dimensions of individual and
societal security."

EMPOWERING FUTURES: UNVEILING

DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC
POLICY DYNAMICS IN JAMMU AND
KASHMIR
Nasir Ahmad Ganaie
Post Doctoral Fellow
University Of Kashmir, Srinagar

114
In the continually evolving realm of governance,
the emergence of digital technologies has become
instrumental in restructuring administrative
frameworks and reshaping public policy
paradigms on a global scale. Amidst this dynamic
landscape, regions grappling with distinctive
socio-political challenges necessitate innovative
governance approaches and policy formulation
strategies. This abstract presents a thorough
examination of digital governance and public
policy dynamics within the complex geopolitical
context of Jammu and Kashmir. By exploring the
intersection of digital governance and public
policy, this study seeks to illuminate the
transformative potential of digital technologies in
bolstering governance efficacy, transparency, and
citizen engagement in Jammu and Kashmir.
Drawing upon empirical research and case
studies, the abstract will delve into the current
status of digital governance initiatives and their
influence on public policy formulation and
execution in the region. Key focal points include
the adoption of digital platforms for service
delivery, e-governance initiatives, and the
application of data analytics for evidence-based
policymaking. Additionally, the abstract will
scrutinize the role of digital governance in
addressing socio-economic disparities, advancing
inclusivity, and nurturing participatory decision-
making processes in Jammu and Kashmir.
Adopting an interdisciplinary approach

115
encompassing political science, public
administration, and technology studies, this
abstract aims to contribute to scholarly dialogues
concerning the nexus between digital governance
and public policy dynamics, particularly within
conflict-affected regions. By unveiling insights
derived from Jammu and Kashmir, this study
endeavors to provide valuable lessons and
recommendations for policymakers, practitioners,
and scholars involved in global governance and
policy development endeavors

EMPOWERING MINDS: A JOURNEY

TOWARDS QUALITY EDUCATION TO
ENHANCE NATIONAL SECURITY
Pragati Sharma
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The wealth of knowledge is most important among
all the wealth”. “Roti, Kapda aur Makan” are the
basic needs of humans for unending generations,
and to get all mentioned three basic needs, the
most important is education but if a woman
became educated then what’s the quality of
standard of her education? Did she get a quality
education or not? The concept of quality education
is explained under “Sustainable Development
Goal 4” established by the United Nations. SDG 4
is "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote lifelong learning

116
opportunities for all" which means Education,
which not only talks about bookish knowledge but
also teaches us immortal skills for life. It plays a
crucial role in India’s development. It focuses on
the social, mental, physical, and emotional aspects
of a child regardless of gender, race, location,
economic factors, etc. India can promote
sustainable development, reduce poverty,
generate employment opportunities, and improve
the quality of the healthcare sector by providing
Quality education. This paper deals with the
issues faced in quality education for instance
infrastructure, quality of teaching, lacking of
basic facilities in India. The researcher will shed
light on some of the relevant issues present in the
current education system, which restrain quality
education in the country

EMPOWERING RURAL WOMEN IN MANDYA

DISTRICT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
FINANCIAL SCHEMES FOR SUSTAINABLE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR
IMPACT ON LIVELIHOODS
Indira M
Research Scholar
Presidency University, Bengaluru
This comparative study delves into the
empowerment of rural women in Mandya District
through financial schemes aimed at fostering
sustainable economic development and enhancing
livelihoods. By scrutinizing various financial

117
programs, this research assesses their efficacy
and impact on women's economic independence
and community well-being. Through a meticulous
analysis of data, including qualitative and
quantitative methodologies, the study elucidates
the strengths and weaknesses of different
schemes, providing valuable insights into their
implementation and outcomes. The findings from
this research contribute significantly to the
discourse on rural development strategies,
particularly concerning gender equality and
economic empowerment. By highlighting
successful models and identifying areas for
improvement, policymakers and stakeholders can
refine existing initiatives and design more
effective interventions tailored to the specific
needs and aspirations of rural women in Mandya
District. This study underscores the importance of
targeted financial support in fostering sustainable
development and transforming livelihoods,
thereby advancing socio-economic progress and
inclusive growth in rural communities

EMPOWERING THE TIBETAN

GOVERNMENT IN EXILE: INDIA'S
DIPLOMATIC PATHWAYS AND
INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES
Rahul Sharma
Student
DS College, Aligarh

118
This paper investigates the systematic
suppression of Tibetan national identity by China
and explores how India should play a vital role in
raising the voice globally of the Tibetan
government in exile. It underscores India's role in
providing refuge and support to the Tibetan
government in exile and its people since 1959,
detailing specific steps should be taken by the
Indian government to help Dalai Lama,his
holiness and thousands of Tibetan refugees and
make it a global awareness and potentially
leverage its relationship with China. This paper
immerge into the historical and contemporary
dynamics between Tibet, China, and India
reference from Dogra forces visit to Tibet for
helping hand, it processes strategic initiated of
India to support the Tibetan cause. Furthermore,
the paper argues for a more proactive approach by
India in advocating for Tibetan autonomy on
international platforms. It also calls for greater
involvement of international human rights bodies
to pressure China to follow human rights norms
and to support Tibetans in preserving their
cultural and religious heritage and to protect
National consciousness of Tibet.

ENHANCING HUMAN SECURITY: THE

EVOLVING ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
IN ADDRESSING GLOBAL THREATS
Navonita Mallick
PhD Scholar

119
 KIIT School of Law, Bhubaneswar
The concept of human security, introduced in the
1994 UNDP Development Report, is changing
global governance and institutions. This study
critically examines international law's role in
human security, focusing on individual-centric
security, state sovereignty, new actors, and
security understanding. The study examines how
international legal frameworks handle climate
change, terrorism, and pandemics. The paper
analyses international treaties, conventions, and
case law using doctrinal research and
jurisdictional comparisons. The discussion
highlights the complexity and limitations of
current legal mechanisms for human security.
The findings suggest that international law needs
normative changes to address modern security
threats. The conclusion recommends legal reforms
to better integrate human security principles for
more inclusive and effective global governance

ENHANCING WOMEN'S SECURITY WITHIN

GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS: A
MULTIFACETED ANALYSIS
Pankhuri Shivam
Student
Tata Institute of Social Science
The paper explores the relationship between
women's security and governance, highlighting
the challenges and potential solutions. It
highlights the persistent gender disparities in

120
access to justice, resources, and political
participation, and the need for a holistic approach
that integrates women's perspectives into
governance processes. It suggests that effective
governance frameworks can advance women's
security by promoting legal reforms, institutional
accountability, and community engagement. It
also suggests investing in education, healthcare,
and social services to create environments
conducive to women's security. The paper
concludes that addressing women's security
requires dismantling systemic barriers,
challenging gender norms, and promoting
inclusive governance structures.

ENSURING TRANSGENDER SECURITY:

EFFICACY OF THE LEGISLATION FOR
SEXUAL CRIMES IN INDIA'S NEW NYAYA
SANHITA
Dr. Moumita Rout Majumdar
Assistant Professor
Amity University Maharashtra
Sexual crime is the most extreme manifestation of
violence, which can start with less severe but
continuous and intense sexual harassment that
often goes unnoticed. The transgender community
in India is highly vulnerable to sexual offences;
nonetheless, legislative frameworks have often
neglected their distinct needs throughout history.
The Indian Penal Code of 1860 was established in
British India during the initial period of the

121
British Raj. Currently, it is still being enforced
with appropriate modifications. Significantly, it
categorises only sexual offences committed
against women and does not include those
committed against individuals of other genders.
Section 377 deals with non-consensual sexual
offences committed against individuals of the
opposite gender. This provision ineffectively
addresses the growing occurrence of such crimes.
The new Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, set to be
implemented in July 2024, has once again utterly
ignored these concerns. The Transgender Rights
Act of 2019 has addressed the issue by making
sexual abuse a criminal offence with a minimum
sentence of two years. This article aims to outline
a comprehensive legislative framework and
evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing the
security of the transgender community from
sexual offences. It also aims to provide specific
relevant recommendations to improve its
effectiveness. The paper's primary goal is to
analyse how legislation could safeguard
transgender people from sexual assault, hence
doctrinal methodology will be employed in this
study.

ENTRENCHING FEMINIST FINANCE FOR

PREVENTION OF GENDER BASED
VIOLENCE IN CLIMATE CRISES
Vani Bhardwaj
Co-President

122
 Society of Gender Professionals
The climate finance architecture addresses
mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage for
climate-resilient development. However, it fails to
advance the debt-related injustices in climate
financing that inflict economic and non-economic
violence on women from the LMICs and
marginalized communities in the 'Global North'.
Gender-based violence is but one dimension of
climate injustices that becomes a risk multiplier
to the lives of women, girls and gender minorities
across race, caste, abilities and ethnicities. This
paper establishes the climate-resilient gender-
responsive solutions to internalize Gender-Based
Violence Prevention in the feminist economy of
climate finance. Resultantly, the care economy
under climate crises transforms family structures
and relations beyond neoclassical comprehension
of micro and macroeconomics. The paper
undertakes a synergistic approach to the Social
Solidarity Economy integrated with a multi-
sectoral approach to gender-responsive finance for
climate crises. The limitations of such
reformulation of global climate financial flows
remain as devolution to sub-national levels to
climate finance remains an impediment. The
paper has adopted a secondary literature review
with grey literature from civil society
organizations and think tanks addressing the
majority of perspectives and academic articles

123
across principles of feminist economics and
climate financing

ENVIRONMENTAL JURISPRUDENCE IN
INDIA: A STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL
MANDATE IN SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Esita Das
Assistant Professor
Brainware University
Natural resource is the heart of the generation’s
sustainable development. Without the utilization
of natural resources, no progress is possible.
Additionally, it is fact that environmental
deterioration will occur as soon as natural
resources are used. Because of this, the nation’s
endeavours should focus on how resources are
used carefully and efficiently for development and
how to mitigate environmental deterioration
through the selection of policies aimed at restoring
the resources and repairing the sabotaged
environment. Ultimately, the nation’s
sustainability cannot be guaranteed by completely
prohibiting the exploitation of natural resources
or environmental degradation. Here the present
research paper aims to identify the significance
and relevance of the notion of Sustainable
Development under this system neither the rate
of growth will be compromised nor will the
environment sustain irreparable injury. This is
the universally acknowledged fact that every

124
concept or theory of sustainable development has
a history of origin on its own, but it is not possible
to mention the exact moment at which this
concept is proposed to maintain equilibrium
between the environmental preservation and
development of the country

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: ISSUES AND

COMPLEXITIES AND ITS PANACEA LIES IN
RELIGION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
JAINISM
Namrata Kothari
Assistant Professor
South Calcutta Girls' College
"In the late 1980s, particularly with the end of the
Cold War, the environment as a security issue
began to receive significant attention and more
and more knowledge of the negative effects of
environmental degradation have increase the
search for a more extensive security concept in the
scientific, political and military community. Based
on the above mentioned facts the only solution for
environment security lies following the principles
and teachings of the different religions of the
world. Religion is the only tool from antiquity
which helps to create consciousness among the
people for the preservation and protection of the
environment and thereby establish human
security on this planet. Therefore, my focus in this
article is to find out how we can solve the issues
and complexities concerning environmental

125
security by following Jain Teachings and
principles and thereby establish peace, non-
violence and harmony among the people."

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY
Darshan Singh
Assistant Professor
Govt. College, Bhattu Kalan
The global population is now experiencing rapid
growth. By the beginning of 2024, the population
has already exceeded 8 billion, and it is projected
to reach around 10.5 billion by the end of this
century. According to Malthus (a great
Economist), the earth's banquet is reserved for a
fixed number of guests, and the uninvited will
starve to death. This indicates that the resources
of the planet are limited and can only sustain a
certain number of people. Growing numbers of
people have an adverse effect on the environment.
Reckless consumption of resource leads to
environmental pollution. Because of this, we
currently require laws that will safeguard the
environment and ensure that the planet can
sustainably support human civilization for a
longer duration of time. The main objective of this
paper that to provide an analysis the detrimental
effects that population growth is having on the
environment and to outline the steps being taken
to mitigate those consequences. In order to
compile this study report, we examined a great

126
deal of books and published articles on the
subjects of environmental security and
sustainability and it was found that
environmental security is the only way to achieve
sustainability.

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: NOW A

CONCERN?
Twinkle Singhal
PhD Scholar
Amity University, Haryana
Environmental security is a rising field that
addresses the complex linkages between
environmental well-being, human well-being, and
worldwide soundness. Within the confront of
heightening natural challenges such as climate
alteration, deforestation, contamination, and
biodiversity misfortune, guaranteeing
environmental security has gotten to be
fundamental for feasible advancement and
worldwide administration. This paper
investigates the multifaceted concept of
environmental security, emphasizing its basic
significance within the modern world. By joining
experiences from biological science, political
theory, and socio-economic examination, the
paper portrays the essential dangers to
environmental security and analyses their far-
reaching suggestions on human social orders and
common environments.
The examination centres on three centre regions:

127
The effect of climate alteration on worldwide
security, the part of common asset administration
in avoiding clashes, and the viability of worldwide
arrangements and understandings in cultivating
environmental participation. Case thinks about
from different locales outline how environmental
corruption compounds socio-political
precariousness and undermines improvement
endeavours. The paper moreover highlights the
significance of innovative development, economic
arrangement systems, and community
engagement in moderating natural dangers.
In addressing these issues, the paper advocates
for an all-encompassing approach to
environmental security that envelops proactive
avoidance, versatile administration, and versatile
administration structures. It underscores the
need for worldwide collaboration and the
integration of environmental security into
national and worldwide security plans. By
proposing actionable recommendations and
approach intercessions, this inquiries about
points to contribute to the talk on natural security
and advance procedures that guarantee a
maintainable and secure future for all.

EVOLUTION AND CHRONOLOGICAL

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Maheshwari. S
Research Scholar
Gulbarga University

128
Natural rights are individualistic and abstract.
Although the fundamental purpose of human
rights is the protection and development of the
individual (individual rights), some of these rights
are exercised by people in groups (collective
rights). Human rights scholars speak of three
“generations” of human rights within the
international context. “Second generation” human
rights, embodied in the ICESCR, emphasize
economic, social, and cultural rights. Rights
change from age to age. Connecting workers’
rights to human rights shows that workers’ rights
are vital, and must not be traded off casually.
Human rights are valuable for workers

EVOLVING DYNAMICS OF SECURITY IN

INDIA: AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENHANCE
POPULAR TRUST IN GOVERNANCE
Dr. Nuzhat Nazneen
Assistant Professor
Sidho Kanho Birsa University
It is the political responsibility of any state to
establish efficient governance in order to promote
development and the effective growth of its
population. Development and peace become
meaningless in an atmosphere of fear, violence,
hunger, discrimination, diseases, and natural and
human-induced disasters. In this ever-changing
and technologically emerging world, human life is
becoming more complex. Earlier, security of
population meant protection of people from

129
internal and external military threats,
insurgencies, civil wars, and other violent
experiences. However, these days, the meaning of
violence and fear has expanded to include
biological warfare, cybercrimes, phishing attacks,
malware, ransomware, data breaches, mobile
attacks, and third-party vulnerabilities.
Additionally, with the proliferation of the rights
regime, people are gaining confidence in their
identities. Consequently, they are claiming
respect and acceptance. This has challenged the
status quo of the state’s social fabric, and rivalry
among equally protected identities has emerged
as a concern for the states. In this paper, the
author attempts to address both of these
developments in the security discourse, and the
possible connection between these developments
and changing perceptions of governance

EXAMINING BENEFICIARY SATISFACTION

WITH NON-FORMAL PRESCHOOL
EDUCATION SERVICES AT ANGANWADI
CENTERS 1 BLOCK OF PATNA DISTRICT: A
QUALITATIVE STUDY
Shalini Kumari
Research Scholar
Magadh University
The establishment of Anganwadi centers in India
was intended to provide support to disadvantaged
children and women, with the objective of
fulfilling the government's mission to ensure food

130
security, health, education and basic rights for the
targeted population. The Indian government has
endeavored to provide formal early education and
nourishment to children under the age of six years
through the Integrated Child Development
Service (ICDS) scheme, with a view to promoting
their general well-being.This research examines
the contentment levels of recipients with the Non-
formal Preschool Education (NPE) services
provided by Anganwadi facilities in the Patna
district. Anganwadi facilities play a crucial
function in early childhood education and
development, especially in rural and semi-urban
locations. A total of 20 Anganwadi facilities were
chosen from 1 block (fatuha) from Patna city
subdivision of the Patna district based on specific
selection criteria, including geographical
representation, population density, and
accessibility. The research employs a qualitative
interview through a questionnaire schedule with
beneficiaries to assess their satisfaction levels and
identify critical factors contributing to their
perceptions. Preliminary findings indicate that
beneficiaries are generally content with the NPE
services, citing improvements in children's
education, health, cognitive, and social skills.
However, areas requiring improvement were also
identified, such as infrastructure and resource
availability. This research emphasizes the
significance of continuous assessment and
enhancement of NPE services to better serve the

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community and promote early childhood
development effectively

EXPLORING THE BENEFITS OF

SCHEDULED CASTE AND SCHEDULED
TRIBES IN KARNATAKA ABOUT
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
Manjunatha J
Research Scholar
Tumkur University, Tumakuru
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/STs)
are among the most marginalised communities in
India. Historically, They have faced
discrimination and social exclusion, leading to
economic and educational disadvantages. The
Government of Karnataka has implemented
several programs and schemes to support the
upliftment of SC/STs. These programs cover a
wide range of areas, including education,
employment, housing, and healthcare. This paper
explores the benefits of these government
programs for SC/STs in Karnataka. It draws on
data from various sources, including government
reports, academic studies, and interviews with
SC/ST community members. The paper finds that
government programs have positively impacted
the lives of SC/STs in Karnataka. However, it also
highlights some challenges in ensuring that all
SC/STs benefit from these programs. The paper
concludes by arguing that government programs
play an important role in promoting the social and

132
economic development of SC/STs in Karnataka.
However, ensuring that these programs are
implemented effectively and efficiently and reach
all SC/ST communities is

EXPLORING THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL

SUPPORT NETWORKS IN HUMAN
SECURITY: UNDERSTANDING
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE
Dhriti Mishra
Student
KET's V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce (Autonomous)
The study aims to investigate the interplay
between Social Support Networks and Human
Security within the Indian Immigrant Population
residing abroad. Additionally, it seeks to examine
the impact of Social Support Networks and a
Sense of Security on individuals' Resilience. The
sample will consist of 35 Native Indian students,
aged 18-25 years, who have migrated abroad for
educational purposes and have been residing
there for a minimum of 6 months. The research
proposes a positive correlation between Social
Support and Perceived Sense of Security. This will
be assessed using the Perceived Social Support
Scale by Zimet et.al, to gauge Social Support and
the Perceived Safety Scale by R. Shannon to
measure Security. Qualitative analysis will also
be conducted to evaluate Psychological Resilience

133
 EXPLORING THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL
SUPPORT NETWORKS IN HUMAN
SECURITY: UNDERSTANDING
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AUTHORS-
SHARVARI GUPTE AND DHRITI MISHRA
Sharvari Sandeep Gupte
Assistant Professor
KET's V.G. Vaze College
Exploring the Interaction of Social Support
Networks in Human Security: Understanding
Psychological Resilience Authors- Sharvari Gupte
and Dhriti Mishra Abstract- The study aims to
investigate the interplay between Social Support
Networks and Human Security within the Indian
Immigrant Population residing abroad.
Additionally, it seeks to examine the impact of
Social Support Networks and a Sense of Security
on individuals' Resilience. The sample will consist
of 35 Native Indian students, aged 18-25 years,
who have migrated abroad for educational
purposes and have been residing there for a
minimum of 6 months. The research proposes a
positive correlation between Social Support and
Perceived Sense of Security. This will be assessed
using the Perceived Social Support Scale by Zimet
et.al, to gauge Social Support and the Perceived
Safety Scale by R. Shannon to measure Security.
Qualitative analysis will also be conducted to
evaluate Psychological Resilience

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 EXPLORING THE VIABILITY OF
MINILATERALISM IN THE INDO-PACIFIC
Meenakshi
Research Scholar
Kumaun University
This research article investigates the concept of
minilateralism within the dynamic context of the
Indo-Pacific region. With the Indo-Pacific
emerging as a focal point of geopolitical
competition and economic activity, traditional
diplomatic frameworks are being reassessed.
Minilateralism, characterized by cooperation
among a select group of like-minded states,
presents a promising alternative. Through a
combination of theoretical analysis and empirical
examination, this study explores the advantages
and limitations of minilateral approaches in
addressing regional challenges such as security,
economic cooperation, and governance. Drawing
on case studies, including the Quad and ASEAN-
led mechanisms, the effectiveness of
minilateralism in managing tensions, enhancing
maritime security, and fostering economic
integration is assessed. Moreover, the article
delves into the geopolitical dynamics shaping
minilateral cooperation, considering the roles of
major powers, middle and smaller powers'
interests, and non-state actors. By critically
evaluating the prospects and challenges of
minilateralism, this research contributes to the
discourse on regional governance in the Indo-

135
Pacific, emphasizing the importance of innovative
diplomatic approaches that balance inclusivity,
effectiveness, and strategic alignment

FAILED STATES AND MARITIME PIRACY IN

THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION: A CASE
STUDY OF SOMALIA
Gurvinder Kaur
Assistant Professor
BMS College Of Law
Maritime Piracy on the high seas is serious threat
in the Indian Ocean region. The research
answered three questions. First, is piracy in the
Indian Ocean region a result of failed states?
Second, what role does Somalia play in
undermining maritime security in the Indian
Ocean region? Finally, what is the role of the
international community in the fight against
piracy on the high seas? As a result of this
research, author came to the conclusion that failed
nations are one of the causes of maritime piracy,
and that the international community, via co-
operative institutions, has attempted to suppress
pirate activity to a certain extent. This research
concludes that pirates are becoming rich while
nations are getting poorer.

FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE ON SECURITY

Syeda Aaliya Mazhar
Student
University of Delhi

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Traditionally, security has been understood in
terms of male dominated paradigm. Security has
been defined in terms of protection of state
territories. Feminist perspective has emerged as a
challenge to mainstream ontology and
epistemology of security. It has questioned the
sovereignty of the state in framing questions
related to security and enlarged the scope of study
to include human security, environmental
security as well as questions related to rights of
migrants and refugees. In this paper, an attempt
has been made to evaluate the contribution as well
as distinctive characteristics of feminist
perspective on security. Further, the paper would
highlight the policy implications of the feminist
perspective. Through the study of existing
literature as well as policies adopted at global
level, it is aimed to examine the feminist
assumptions and implications of security. Hence,
it would include both quantitative and qualitative
methods. Feminist perspective offers an
alternative understanding of security which is
crucial to understand present problems related to
climate change, violence against women,
immigration and refugee problems. Hence, it is
crucial to study the feminist framework of security
to resolve pressing issues of our times

FROM AWARENESS TO ACTION: IMPACT OF

EDUCATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL

137
 SECURITY FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Dr. A. Hameed
Professor
University Of Calicut
&
Naja K
Junior Research Fellow
University Of Calicut
The paper explores the complex connection
between environmental security and education for
sustainable development, emphasizing the critical
role that education plays in raising
environmentally conscious and active people and
building resilient communities. The research
intends to identify strategies and initiatives that
enable people to take on the role of environmental
stewards by examining the intersection of these
two fields. The paper examines how education
may lessen these risks via creating environmental
responsibility, information sharing, and
sustainable behaviours. It explores the idea of
environmental security, including issues like
resource shortage, biodiversity loss, and climate
change. In addition to encouraging experiential
learning, utilizing technology, and advocating
community participation, the study highlights the
significance of encompassing environmental
education within a formal curriculum. Utilizing
the results of previous studies, the current study
highlights how education can have a

138
transformational impact in achieving a
sustainable future and combating global
environmental issues.

FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL: INDIA'S IMPACT

IN REGIONAL SECURITY DYNAMICS
Warisa Parveen
Research Scholar
Aligarh Muslim University
In an era marked by shifting geopolitical
landscapes and emerging security challenges,
India’s role in regional security dynamics has
garnered increasing attention. This paper
explores how India’s evolving foreign policy and
military capabilities have shaped regional
security dynamics from local to global scales. By
analyzing India’s strategic partnerships, military
modernization efforts, and diplomatic
engagements, this study elucidates the
multifaceted ways in which India influences
regional security architectures. Moreover, it
examines India’s responses to traditional and non-
traditional security threats, ranging from border
disputes to maritime security concerns and
terrorism. Through a comprehensive examination
of India’s contributions to regional stability, this
paper underscores the complexities and nuances
of India’s impact on the security landscape of
South Asia and beyond. Ultimately, it offers
insights into India’s aspirations, challenges, and

139
opportunities as a key player in shaping regional
security dynamics.

FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE: ADVANCING

WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR GLOBAL
SECURITY
Himanshi Garg
Research Scholar
Jamia Millia Islamia
This research paper delves into the pivotal role of
effective waste management in achieving
sustainable development and bolstering
environmental security, thereby impacting
human security and global governance. Focused
on aligning with Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) 11 and 12, it scrutinizes India's Waste
Policy 2016 to delineate an ideal state for waste
management, emphasizing human life protection
and security enhancement. Through case studies
of Indore's successful implementation and
comparative analyses of various MRF centres, it
unveils the ground reality of waste management
practices. Employing a mixed-method approach,
including waste audits, surveys, and in-depth case
studies, it identifies gaps between policy
aspirations and practical implementations,
attributing them to enforcement issues,
technological gaps, and public participation. The
paper concludes by proposing actionable
recommendations to bridge these gaps, advocating
for enhanced policy implementation, technological

140
innovations, community engagement, and
governmental-non-governmental collaboration,
thus contributing significantly to the discourse on
environmental security and sustainable
development.

FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE: WOMEN

SECURITY THROUGH THE GOVERNANCE
PERSPECTIVE
Himanshi Kadyan
Research Scholar
SHD Research Foundation
The paper discusses “Strengthening Women’s
security and Governance: Initiative towards
Empowerment.” The imperative for women's
security and governance is a critical issue in
contemporary societies, as they constitute half of
the global population. Women face
disproportionate risks and vulnerabilities to
violence, discrimination, and insecurity, including
domestic violence, sexual harassment, and
systemic barriers to access justice and economic
opportunities. Firstly, the paper delves into four
phases. First phase talks about women have
endured various forms of subjugation across
different periods. In Ancient societies, women
accepted men's superiority and were often
confined to low positions under patriarchal
systems such as Purdah system in India. In
Medieval period, the Church and aristocracy
significantly influenced women's lives, viewing

141
them as both the cause of world's troubles and the
means of redemption through Jesus Christ's birth.
In contemporary period, Women is facing
structural barriers. They are often ill-treated and
denied personal liberty. Secondly, the abstract
emphasized on case studies from different
Nations- Peripheral, Semi-Peripheral and Core
countries; the prevalence of cybercrime against
women and its various manifestations. It also
examines current legal frameworks, awareness
initiatives, institutional mechanisms and security
measures. Thirdly, the role of education in
women's empowerment, such as leadership and
political engagement, is examined alongside
policy implementation procedures. Finally, the
abstract elucidates on global initiatives aimed at
the requirement of holistic approach and societal
attitudes aimed at combating gender-based
violence, promoting gender equality, and
empowering women

FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE:

UNDERSTANDING TRADITIONAL AND NON-
TRADITIONAL SECURITY MEASURES
Sukhwinder Singh
Scholar
Punjabi university Patiala
This study investigates the complex link between
theory and practice in the field of security studies,
with an emphasis on traditional and
nontraditional security approaches. Drawing on a

142
thorough examination of the literature, it
investigates the theoretical basis of both methods
and their practical consequences in modern
circumstances. Traditional security, which is
based on state-centric ideas and military
capabilities, contrasts with non-traditional
security, which includes a broader range of
dangers such as climate change, pandemics, and
terrorism. This study examines case studies to
identify the challenges and alternatives involved
with deploying traditional and non-traditional
security measures. Furthermore, it assesses the
efficacy of strategies used to handle various
security risks and emphasises the significance of
combining both approaches to create complete and
adaptable security frameworks in an evolving
global environment

FROM VULNERABILITY TO RESILIENCE:

STRENGTHENING SOUTH ASIAN CLIMATE
POLICIES FOR HUMAN SECURITY
Chhavi Saini
Research Scholar
IIS (deemed to be University)
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Climate change poses a significant threat to
human security in South Asia, jeopardizing food,
health, and economic security for millions. This
presentation argues that existing climate policies
in the region need strengthening to address these
challenges effectively. The paper will explore how

143
South Asian countries can identify vulnerable
populations and prioritize their needs through
vulnerability mapping and social vulnerability
assessments. It will then analyse how regional
cooperation for knowledge sharing, early warning
systems, and financial instruments can build
resilience to climate change impacts. Additionally,
the paper will discuss the importance of
strengthening policy implementation through
capacity building, community participation, and
robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks.
Furthermore, the role of integrating human rights
principles into climate policies will be examined,
focusing on ensuring a just transition for
vulnerable populations and promoting gender
equality in climate action. Finally, the paper will
propose strategies for building climate-resilient
healthcare systems, a crucial aspect of human
security in the face of climate change. By fostering
a shift from vulnerability to resilience, South
Asian countries can strengthen their climate
policies and contribute to a more secure future for
their citizens

GENDER AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOALS: WHERE WE STAND?
Ashwini Kirti
Research Scholar
University of Delhi
The UN member states ratified the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development on September 25,

144
2015. For the next fifteen years, it provides
nations around the world with a global framework
for encouraging sustainable development in all
three dimensions: economic, social, and
environmental.The SDGs have taken the place of
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
which were implemented between 2000 and 2015.
The Millennium Development have been
superseded with the SDGs. In terms of scope,
aspirations, and development vision, the SDGs
have the ability to accomplish far more than their
predecessors. Over the next fifteen years, the
future for women will be shaped by a constellation
of international agreements, of which the SDGs
will be a major component. They ought to provide
a starting point for groups fighting for social
justice and rights, such as women's movements, as
well as for those opposing poverty and economic
inequality. Gender equality and women’s rights
receive a stand-alone SDG – Goal 5 – just as they
did in the MDGs. While the gender analysis was
weak or non-existent in the ‘other,’ non-gender
MDGs, it is relatively strong in the SDGs, and as
a result, many gender issues are clearly
articulated in the ‘non-gender’ goals. The SDGs'
number of goals, and hence the range and the
analysis, is much broader – with 17 goals instead
of the MDGs’ 8. Goal 5 is formulated on a strong
gender analysis that understands gender
inequality as having interconnected economic,
political, and social aspects. The scope of the

145
concerns addressed by Goal 5 and its targets is
qualitatively and quantitatively improved
compared to the SDGs. In this paper, the
researcher has talked about the Gender aspects in
SDGs, and its interconnectedness among them.
The research highlighted that the gender equality
is critical for achieving the desired goals of the
SDGs. The paper is theoretical in nature. The
various reports and articles are used for this.
Special attention is given to India, its progress on
the SDGs related explicitly to Gender

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FINANCIAL

LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT ON FINANCIAL
WELL-BEING
Anish Mishra
Research Scholar
Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
This paper investigates the gender disparities in
financial literacy and explores how these
differences influence financial well-being. Despite
advancements in financial education, empirical
evidence suggests persistent gaps in financial
literacy levels between men and women. Using a
mixed-methods approach, this study examines the
extent of gender differences in financial literacy
across various demographic groups and socio-
economic backgrounds. The research draws on a
combination of quantitative analysis of survey
data and qualitative interviews to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the factors

146
contributing to gender disparities in financial
literacy and their consequences. By analyzing
data collected from diverse samples, including
individuals, households, and communities, this
study aims to identify the specific areas where
women exhibit lower levels of financial literacy
compared to men and elucidate the underlying
factors driving these differences. The findings of
this study have significant implications for
policymakers, financial educators, and
practitioners in designing targeted interventions
to promote gender equality in financial literacy
and improve the financial well-being of women

GENDER EQUITY AND EMPOWERMENT: AN

ANALYSIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Dr. Satabdi Das
Assistant Professor
South Calcutta Girls' College
Background: The domain of sustainable
development is wide. The 17 goals of Sustainable
Development as adopted by the world leaders in
2015 have the broader agenda of ‘leaving no one
behind’ in the roadmap for achieving sustainable
growth. Women empowerment and gender equity
are therefore at the centre of concerns while
society aspires to achieve SDGs. The SDG 5
specifically deals with gender equity and women's
empowerment. There are interlinkages between
this and other SDGs as without gender equity the

147
holistic development of a society in a sustainable
way is not feasible. Objective: Against this
background, the study sheds light on: • The
entrenched gender disparity and the resultant
under-representation of women in decision-
making on development and sustainability • The
nexus between women empowerment and
sustainable development Goals with special
reference to SDG 5. Methodology: The study
employs descriptive analytical method.

GENDERED CLIMATE: CLIMATE JUSTICE

AS A MEANS TO ENHANCE WOMEN’S
SECURITY AND EMPOWERMENT
Pratyayee Saha
Independent Researcher
&
Sagnik Chakraborty
Assistant Professor (Law)
Department of Law
Brainware University
Climate is all pervasive and protean, and it should
ideally know no gender. It seems highly unusual
that climate change plays a role in promoting
gender equality. The strata of women mostly
affected by the perils of nature do not have
privileged access to safe spaces or the knowledge
that their predicaments can be resolved. The
linkage between climate and gender is intricate
and needs to be approached delicately. Thus, it is
imperative for us to address this issue and change

148
the narrative of looking at climate un-gendered.
This paper aims to analyse the prevalent
measures undertaken to protect women in the
backdrop of accelerating climate change while
enquiring into the extent to which our legislative
texts lend themselves to that endeavour. In it, the
paper also takes a deeper appreciation of the legal
substructure operative at present

GEOPOLITICAL SHIFTS: INDIA’S

CONTRIBUTIONS TO REGIONAL SECURITY
Jhilike Saha
Student
Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata
India plays an important role in shaping regional
security, fostering stability through diplomatic
initiatives and military collaborations. Its
strategic partnerships with neighboring nations
contribute to countering common threats like
terrorism and ensuring maritime security. The
country actively engages in multilateral forums,
advocating for peaceful resolutions and regional
cooperation. India’s commitment to non-
alignment, coupled with its growing economic
influence, positions it as a key player in
navigating geopolitical shifts. Additionally,
initiatives like the Quad strengthen regional
alliances, addressing emerging challenges. As
India continues to assert itself diplomatically and
enhance defense capabilities, it stands as a

149
cornerstone for regional security in an evolving
geopolitical landscape.

GEOPOLITICS AND GEOSTRATEGY OF

BHUTAN: A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR FOR
SECURITY AND STABILITY IN NORTHEAST
INDIA
Bitupon Nath
PhD Research Scholar
Assam University, Silchar
&
Geetasri Boruah
PhD Research Scholar
Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar
The paper delves into the intricate geopolitical
scenario around Bhutan, as well as the
consequences for security and stability in India's
Northeastern part. It investigates Bhutan's
geostrategic location between two giant powers,
India, and China, focusing on its significance in
regional security dynamics and stability. The
paper examines geopolitical developments, border
conflicts, infrastructural development, and
regional cooperation measures to highlight
Bhutan's relevance to India's Northeastern states.
Bhutan is well-known across the world for its
strategic position and abundant natural
resources. India, a neighbouring neighbour, has
long played an important role in Bhutan. China is
currently intruding in Bhutan on a regular basis,
putting India's security at risk. The involvement

150
of China is observable since it has begun to
intervene in Bhutan's development process to
weaken Indian influence. Both nations aim to
project a positive image in the eyes of Bhutan. The
present paper attempts to assess Bhutan's
geostrategic importance to India's security.
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND SAFE
CHILDHOOD: THE ROLE OF UN AGENCIES
IN IMPLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL CHILD
PROTECTION POLICIES
Sheeba Sheikh
PhD Scholar
Jamia Millia Islamia
This paper focuses on the pivotal role United
Nations (UN) agencies play in the realm of global
governance, specifically in implementing
international child protection policies. As
international crises such as conflicts, migration,
and poverty place children at unprecedented risk,
the efficacy of global governance in safeguarding
children's rights and welfare becomes imperative.
In order to better understand how UN
organizations support and implement
international child protection laws, this paper will
look at their tactics for preventing child
exploitation, abuse, and neglect on a global scale.
Furthermore, the paper will critically analyze the
role of these agencies in crisis situations, such as
in refugee camps and war zones, where child
protection needs are most acute. It will also
propose actionable recommendations for

151
enhancing international collaboration to ensure a
safer childhood for children across the globe.

GLOBAL GUARDIANS: THE EVOLVING ROLE

OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN
CONTEMPORARY HUMAN SECURITY
MANAGEMENT
Rajinder Singh
Research Scholar
Punjabi University Patiala
International organisations play a vital role in
global governance, specifically in the management
of human security through the development of
policies, the provision of humanitarian aid, the
establishment of legal frameworks, and the
enhancement of capacity. Their role involves
establishing global standards, organising
emergency interventions, and bolstering
community adaptability to foster long-term
progress. The case studies of the United Nations
(UN) and World Health Organisation (WHO)
illustrate their contributions to global health and
crisis management, whereas the European Union
(EU) prioritises regional security. Despite their
significant influence, they encounter obstacles
such as limited resources, political influences, and
coordination difficulties. It is crucial to overcome
these challenges to prioritise human security in
global governance. This requires continuous
adaptation and innovation.

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 GMOS-A NOVEL AND DISPUTED WEAPON
TO ADDRESS FOOD SECURITY!
Nupoor Muralidhar Telawane
Assistant Professor
KET's V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce (Autonomous)
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
represent a class of organisms whose genome has
been altered by specific scientific techniques like
genetic engineering to obtain a desired result. The
ill-effects of climate change have manifested over
a broad range of activities; agriculture is one of the
important stakeholder’s associated with it. In
order to address the booming danger of climate
change causing distress to agriculture, scientists
have been historically tapping the role of genetic
engineering to develop potential climate-resilient
varieties of crops which can effectively address
environmental and human concerns.
Advancements in science and technology have led
to the development of gene-editing techniques like
CRISPR/Cas-9 which have the potential to edit
plant genome without introducing foreign genes
into the host plants. Also development of function-
specific plants exhibiting photosynthetic
efficiency, insect/pest and root decomposition
tolerance, etc. represent milestones in sustainable
agriculture. Realizing the importance of wise and
responsible use of a sensitive technology like
genetic engineering is important in order to
efficiently address the threat of food security

153
arising due to climate change. In this regard, the
present paper aims to review the current scenario
of the production, regulations, methodologies and
utilization of GMOs in the global market.

HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL: YOUTH

DIPLOMACY FOR HUMAN SECURITY
Harshita Sharma
Assistant Professor (Visiting)
IIS University, Jaipur
In an era marked by global interconnectedness
and complex security challenges, the role of youth
in diplomacy has emerged as a crucial factor in
promoting sustainable human security. This
abstract explores the multifaceted contributions
of youth diplomacy to enhancing human security
in various regions and contexts. Youth
engagement in diplomacy serves as a bridge
between diverse communities, fostering dialogue,
understanding, and cooperation. By leveraging
digital technologies and social media platforms,
youth-led initiatives transcend geographical
boundaries, amplifying voices and catalysing
positive change. Some examples: Youth Peace
Ambassadors , Climate Activism and Diplomacy
etc Drawing upon case studies and empirical
evidence, this abstract underscores the
importance of integrating youth perspectives and
expertise into diplomatic strategies and
policymaking processes. It highlights the need for
investment in youth leadership, capacity-

154
building, and participation to harness the full
potential of youth diplomacy in advancing human
security objectives at local, national, and global
levels

HUMAN AND DRUG TRAFFICKING: A

BORDERLESS THREAT TO NON-
TRADITIONAL SECURITY OF INDIA
Ankita Pandey
PhD Research Fellow
Central University of Gujarat
This paper highlights the spreading threat of
human and drug trafficking to Non-traditional
Security of India. Especially in globalization era,
there is a big shift in security challenges from
traditional to non-traditional aspect which
includes development, poverty, economic and
social vulnerabilities, environment, health,
governance etc. Human and drug trafficking are
alarming threats to non-traditional security as it
impacts communities, governance system,
economies on National as well as international
level. Human trafficking involves sexual
exploitation, forced labor, illegal migration, while
drug trafficking involves illegal drug trade and
abuse/ violence, corruption, mental and physical
health crises. Both have that have greater bearing
on individual and national security, as the
intersection of both illicit activities causes major
powerful criminal network. The paper will explore
the impact of both in destabilizing world order and

155
developmental goals and will conclude on focusing
on strengthening governance policies,
international cooperation and community-based
interventions for enhancing non-traditional
security.

HUMAN SECURITY AND GLOBAL

GOVERNANCE: WOMEN SECURITY AND
GOVERNANCE
Spriha Bisht
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The intricate interplay between women's security
and governance presents a compelling landscape
of challenges and opportunities. Across diverse
socio-political contexts, the nexus of women's
security and effective governance emerges as a
critical focal point for sustainable development
and societal well-being. This research paper
delves into the complex dynamics shaping the
security of women within governance structures,
exploring the intersections of policy, practice, and
empowerment. From examining the impact of
legislative frameworks on women's safety to
analyzing the role of women in decision-making
processes, navigating the intricate web of factors
influencing women's security within governance
systems, unraveling the nuances of power
dynamics, institutional mechanisms, and societal
norms, aiming to shed light on pathways towards

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enhancing women's security and fostering
inclusive governance practices. Through a
comprehensive analysis of case studies, policy
interventions, and stakeholder perspectives,
seeking to offer insights that can inform policy
formulation, advocacy efforts, and capacity-
building initiatives aimed at advancing women's
security within governance frameworks, and by
bridging theory and practice, aspiring to
contribute to a more equitable and resilient
society where women are empowered, protected,
and actively engaged in shaping the future of
governance.

HUMAN SECURITY AND LAW: A

COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
S Syed Ali Fathima Nisha
Assistant Professor Of Law
Crescent School Of Law
Human security is significant because it includes
safeguarding human rights, advancing peace and
stability, advancing development, protecting
disenfranchised populations, building resilience to
a changing global environment, upholding moral
principles, and encouraging global stability and
collaboration. It stands for an all-encompassing
strategy for security that puts people's health and
dignity first, making the world safer, more
equitable, and more sustainable. Human security
and law concepts are interrelated and mutually
supportive, offering a comprehensive framework

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for safeguarding and advancing the rights,
dignity, and well-being of individuals and
communities. Effective legal frameworks at both
the national and international levels are crucial to
combat threats to human security, guarantee
access to justice, encourage accountability, and
promote international cooperation in the pursuit
of peace, stability, and prosperity for all. This
research paper discusses the concept of human
security and emphasizes that it involves more
than just shielding nations from outside threats;
it also entails giving people the freedom, dignity,
and peace to live in their communities and as
individuals. It emphasizes how crucial it is to
approach security from a human rights,
development, and humanitarian standpoint.

HUMAN SECURITY AND LAW:

INTERSECTIONS, CHALLENGES, AND
PROSPECTS
Eleta Francis Lobo
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The intersection of human security and legislation
is vital in tackling intricate risks that jeopardize
people worldwide. This essay examines the ways
in which national and international legal
frameworks offer normative underpinnings and
protective measures against various forms of
insecurity for human rights, dignity, and well-

158
being. It looks at how human security principles
are codified in documents such as national laws,
human rights treaties, and the UN Charter. Case
studies highlight implementation issues brought
on by state non-compliance, gaps in legal
frameworks, and a lack of enforcement. The report
makes several recommendations, including
bolstering current legislation, creating new tools
to combat new threats like cyberattacks and
climate change, improving international
cooperation, and strengthening institutional
capacity.It makes the case that, in an increasingly
complex world, advancing an integrated, people-
centered vision of security requires maximizing
the possibilities of legal methods through
interdisciplinary initiatives

HUMAN SECURITY AND THE QUESTION OF

GENDER: AN EXPLORATION
Dr. Sanchita Nag
Assistant Professor
Kazi Nazrul Islam Mahavidyalaya
Unlike the traditional notion of security, in which
military conquests, inter-state war, etc., are given
utmost importance, the idea of human security is
premised upon two different yet interrelated facts:
a) ‘freedom from fear’; b) ‘freedom from want’.
These two aspects, perhaps, are based upon a kind
of ‘structural violence’ which stems from social
structures that perpetuate domination,
oppression or exploitation, as opposed to ‘direct

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violence’. When it comes to the question of gender
equality, one is very likely to come across the
phenomenon of ‘structural violence’ which
unfortunately privilege physical security and
military threats over threats such as rape, loss of
property, inadequate food and environmental
degradation, which may not result in death, but
which nevertheless leads to profound insecurity
and, sometimes, encourages further violence. The
aim of this article is to examine the notion of
human security from a gendered lens thereby
highlighting gender biases, especially with regard
to marginalization of women, in the arena of world
politics

HUMAN SECURITY AND UNDERSTANDING

THE NUANCES OF MANAGERIAL SKILLS TO
ADDRESS HUMAN SECURITY ISSUES
Rituj Jaiswal
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
Human security, a paradigm that encompasses
various threats to individuals and communities,
has gained significant attention in recent years.
This research paper delves into the intricate
relationship between human security and
managerial skills, exploring how effective
management practices can address and mitigate
human security challenges. By examining the
multifaceted nature of human security threats,

160
including economic insecurity, food insecurity,
health risks, environmental degradation, and
personal safety concerns, the paper highlights the
critical role of managers in fostering resilient and
secure environments. The study analyzes the
nuances of managerial skills, such as strategic
planning, resource allocation, risk assessment,
stakeholder engagement, and crisis management,
and how these skills can be leveraged to
proactively address human security issues.
Through a comprehensive literature review and
empirical research, the paper aims to provide a
framework for integrating human security
considerations into managerial decision-making
processes, ultimately contributing to the
development of more secure and sustainable
communities.

HUMAN SECURITY IN INDIA: LEGAL

DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES POST
COVID-19
Rituparna Halder
Assistant Professor
Brainware University
Human security has become a serious global issue
in the 21st century, encompassing a broader scope
than traditional security concepts. Essential to
human security is the protection of individuals,
ensuring their basic needs are met, which is
important for both personal and national
development. The COVID-19 pandemic has

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highlighted the standing of this approach. From a
human security perspective, security concepts and
practices must focus on the daily needs of
individuals and communities, irrespective of the
threats they face. The pandemic revealed the
limitations of traditional security paradigms,
demonstrating that conventional national
security measures do not guarantee societal
resilience or individual protection, as like seen in
India. Post-pandemic, there is a heightened
awareness of the vulnerabilities in human
security, particularly under the guise of pandemic
protection. This paper focuses on areas where
human security is endangered and examines the
legal reforms implemented by the Indian
government to address these issues.

HUMAN SECURITY: EVOLUTION AND

CHALLENGES
Thanusri A
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
This research paper deals with the profound
transition in the conceptualization of security, a
shift from the traditional focus on State security
to the notion of Human security. The discourse
navigates through the intricate web of factors
influencing Human security, with emphasis on
the pervasive effects of globalization and the
perpetuation of Western supremacy.

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Globalization, with its interconnectedness and
interdependence, has engendered a complex array
of challenges to Human security, ranging from
economic disparities to environmental
degradation. The perpetuation of Western
supremacy, rooted in historical power dynamics
and neoliberal theories, escalates vulnerabilities
and inequalities on a global scale, undermining
the security of individuals and communities.
Moreover, the paper evaluates the roles of global
institutions in addressing security issues. In
conclusion, this paper identifies the fault lines
with nations when comes to dealing with
situations undermining security of the state as
well as its populace

IDENTITY POLITICS AS A CHALLENGE TO

HUMAN SECURITY IN BANGLADESH
Dr. Suman Singh
Assistant Professor
B. D. College
Patliputra University
Security is an ‘ambiguous symbol’ and an
‘essentially contested concept’. In an objective
sense, security measures the absence of threats to
acquired values and, in a subjective sense the
absence of fear that such values will be attacked.
The term ‘human security’ underlines the
necessary link between the ‘ State-security’ and
‘Societal- security’, a concept which allows to
analyse security in its multi-dimensional forms –

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political, economic, societal, military,
environmental etc. This paper will explore the
identity politics as a challenge to Human security
in Bangladesh. The first section will trace the
origins of human security and will identify
identity politics as one major aspect of human
security in the South Asian region, particularly
Bangladesh. Further, this paper will shed light on
genesis of Identity Politics, nature of Identity
Politics and the challenges raised by Identity
Politics to human security in Bangladesh.

IMPACT OF TRIBAL LOCAL GOVERNANCE

STRATEGIES ON SENSE OF HUMAN
SECURITY IN INDIA: CASE STUDIES FROM
NAXAL-AFFECTED AREAS IN
MAHARASHTRA STATE
Swapnil Shioram Kumare
Research Scholar
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University
This paper investigates the nuanced relationship
between tribal local governance strategies and the
sense of human security in Naxal-affected regions
of Maharashtra State, India. Human security, a
multifaceted concept encompassing freedom from
fear, want, and indignity, is severely compromised
in areas marked by Naxal insurgency. Through a
qualitative research design, employing case
studies as the primary methodological approach,
this study delves into the complexities of local

164
governance dynamics and their ramifications on
the perceived security of tribal communities.
Drawing upon empirical data derived from in-
depth interviews, focus group discussions, and
participatory observations conducted within
select Naxal-affected villages in Maharashtra viz;
Gadchiroli, Gondia, Chandrapur, the research
dissects various dimensions of tribal local
governance. These include traditional decision-
making structures, community policing
mechanisms, socio-economic initiatives, and their
interplay with external actors such as Naxal
cadres and state security forces i.e commandos-60.
The findings underscore the pivotal role of
indigenous governance mechanisms in fostering a
sense of security and resilience within tribal
communities. Traditional councils, known as
Gram Sabhas or Panchayats, often serve as
forums for conflict resolution, resource
management, and social cohesion, thereby
bolstering community resilience in the face of
external threats. However, the infiltration of
Naxal ideology has led to the politicization of these
structures, with Gram Sabhas sometimes co-opted
or intimidated into supporting insurgent
activities. Moreover, the study reveals the diverse
impacts of state intervention on local governance
dynamics. While state-sponsored development
schemes can enhance socio-economic well-being
and infrastructure in tribal areas, heavy-handed
security measures often alienate local populations

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and undermine trust in government institutions.
Instances of human rights violations by security
forces further exacerbate tensions and erode
human security. By juxtaposing these findings
with case studies of successful community-led
initiatives, such as village-level peace committees
and cooperative enterprises, the paper elucidates
pathways for strengthening indigenous
governance systems and fostering inclusive
peacebuilding processes. It underscores the
importance of bottom-up approaches that
empower marginalized communities to address
their own security concerns while advocating for
state accountability and respect for human rights.
In conclusion, this research contributes to the
burgeoning literature on human security and
conflict transformation by offering nuanced
insights into the role of tribal local governance
strategies in shaping security dynamics in Naxal-
affected areas. It underscores the imperative of
integrating indigenous knowledge systems with
formal governance structures to build sustainable
peace and resilience in conflict-affected regions of
India.

INDIA AND ITS ROLE AS A SECURITY

PROVIDER IN THE SOUTH ASIAN REGION
Dr. Aparajita
Assistant Professor
B. D. College, Patliputra University

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India has often been claimed to be a regional
security provider in its neighbourhood especially
South Asia by its leaders. However, such claim
has been challenged by several factors like
bilateral disputes between India and its
neighbouring countries and the presence of China
in the region that has often questioned such claim
by India. The smaller countries often play ‘China
card’ to balance India. Fight against terrorism and
cross border militancy have emerged as a common
consensus in the region that has brought about
change in India’s security dimension which has
led to its training capacities and military
exchanges and exercises. India is establishing a
regional security architecture that strengthens its
role as security provider in South Asia. The paper
will be divided into different sections. The first
section analyses and questions about the
definitions and concepts of security and India as
security provider in South Asia. The second
section talks about challenges that India face as
regional security provider at the bilateral levels
with other neighbouring countries. The third
section would consider the role of SAARC with
security concern as an important phenomenon
especially in case of India. The last section
concludes with several prospects for India as a
security provider in the region

167
 INDIA CHINA HYDRO DIPLOMACY:
CONFLICT AND COOPERATION ON TRANS-
BOUNDARY WATERS
Navcharan Singh Sidhu
Senior Research Fellow (UGC-Aided)
Guru Nanak Dev University
Water is most essential and strategic resource for
existence of the mankind, vital catalyst for the
survival of economic activities and framing
geopolitical dynamics. Issues revolving the shared
water resources, water allocation, navigation
rights, infrastructure development and pollution
often leads to cooperation and conflict among the
riparian states. Nations engage in hydro
diplomacy utilizing the water- related affairs as
the tool for the political negotiations or as
platform of coercion against the rival parties. The
paper analyses the complexities of the water
diplomacy between Asian giants – the India and
China with focus on the political management of
the trans-boundary waters. With the evolving
journey of conflict and cooperation, the
Brahmaputra River and other shared water
bodies have emerged as center points in the
bilateral relations between the two Himalayan
nations. Adopting the multidisciplinary strategies
and approaches the current research examines
intricate interplay of the geopolitical,
geostrategic, legal and environmental factors
shaping hydro diplomacy in the region. While
examining the empirical data, expert analysis and

168
case studies, the study provides insights into the
instances of conflict escalation and de-escalation
as well as the dimensions of cooperation, joint
management initiatives, shedding light on the
fundamental drivers and implications for regional
security, peace and stability.

INDIA IN THE INDO-PACIFIC: RISE OF A

NET SECURITY PROVIDER
Somvir Gill
PhD Research Scholar
Kurukshetra University
In recent years, the Indian Navy has become a
formidable force in the Indo-Pacific region, with
two aircraft carriers and numerous other vessels
such as destroyers, frigates, corvettes, and
nuclear submarines. Due to the Indian Navy's
active engagement in the region, some analysts
have started referring to India as a "Net Security
Provider" in the Indo-Pacific. This paper aims to
explore the concept of a Net Security Provider,
specifically from a maritime security perspective.
It will also discuss how India has evolved as a Net
Security Provider in the region over time and the
challenges and opportunities ahead, given the
resurgence of rogue non-state actors and the
ongoing competition among great powers in the
Indo-Pacific. Finally, this paper will suggest a few
ways forward for India to maintain its role as a
Net Security Provider in the Indo-Pacific.

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 INDIA’S ACT EAST POLICY & INTRA-
REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Neha Pawar Singh
Research Scholar
Guru Nanak Dev University
India's Act East Policy, launched in 2014, marks a
strategic shift from its earlier Look East Policy,
emphasizing enhanced economic and strategic
relations with Southeast Asia and East Asia. This
policy aims to strengthen India's role in regional
organizations such as ASEAN (Association of
Southeast Asian Nations), BIMSTEC (Bay of
Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and
Economic Cooperation), and EAS (East Asia
Summit). The Act East Policy focuses on fostering
trade, investment, cultural ties, and defense
cooperation to promote regional stability and
economic growth. It leverages India's historical,
cultural, and economic links with East Asia,
aiming to create a cohesive and integrated
regional architecture. By engaging in these intra-
regional organizations, India seeks to enhance
connectivity, combat terrorism, and address
shared challenges like climate change and
maritime security. This paper explores the
objectives, strategies, and impacts of India's Act
East Policy within the framework of these
regional organizations, highlighting its
significance in shaping the geopolitical and
economic landscape of the Indo-Pacific region

170
 INDIA’S ACT EAST POLICY AND
NORTHEAST INDIA: THE HUMAN SECURITY
DIMENSION
Dr. Biplab Debnath
Assistant Professor
Tripura University
Recently, there have been increasing attempts to
decentralise India's foreign policy initiatives by
linking foreign policy goals with fulfilling
community requirements at the domestic level.
India's Act East Policy can be seen as an example
of this trend, where the multiple dimensions of
human security requirement of the people of
Northeast India, a region which shares borders
with India's eastern neighbours, become part of
the agenda of India's foreign policy discourse. The
fulfilment of such human security requirements
can be associated with a more decentralised
notion of Act East policy, which brings the
development and security agenda of the northeast
to the fore. The paper will highlight and analyse
some of the significant human security notions
that are and need to be a part of a holistic Act East
Policy. In doing so, the paper will also highlight
some of the contestations on the human security
agendas between communities that play an
important part in the politics of the region

INDIA’S ENGAGEMENT WITH SOUTH ASIA:

A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE ON FOREIGN
POLICY

171
 Surbhi Sharma
Research Scholar
Amity University Uttar Pradesh
The study aims to uncover the ways through
which gender influences and moulds India's
engagements within the South Asian context by
exploring India's diplomatic engagements, trade
pacts, cultural exchanges, and developmental
endeavours with South Asian countries. By
integrating feminist international relations
theory and employing qualitative analysis of
policies, narratives, and power dynamics, the
study highlights the impact of gender norms,
disparities, and empowerment strategies on
India's ties with its neighbouring countries. The
research outcomes contribute significantly to a
deeper understanding of the complexities within
regional diplomacy in South Asia and underscore
the importance of incorporating gender
perspectives in shaping international relations.

INDIA’S GLOBAL OUTREACH IN

DEVELOPMENT: A SMART POWER
PERSPECTIVE
Dr. Divya Mishra
Assistant Professor
Magadh University
The concept of smart power was first designed to
serve American foreign policy during the Obama
regime as a major shift from the Bush era. US has
formulated global development policy and

172
envisions in bestowing greater resources and
power to its development agencies whose
expertise are sought across the globe. Nations
should realize that diplomacy and development
should be mutually reinforcing aspects of national
security. It has become strategic imperative to
infuse every policy, local and foreign, with the
basic requirements of sustainable development. In
South Asian context, India acknowledges its
global responsibility in helping others in their
development path. The present paper seeks to
critically analyse India’s development agencies
and their efforts to assist actors and communities
beyond its boundaries. It sees the impact of such
efforts in terms of crediting soft power in India’s
power repository and the effective mix of power,
i.e., smart power required in furthering India’s
national interest

INDIA’S SECURITY CO-OPERATION IN

SOUTH ASIA
Dr. Chokey Namgyal Bhutia
Assistant Professor
Sikkim Government College
South Asia is one of the most hostile regions in the
world. It is a region grasped up with boundary
disputes, territorial conflicts, the menace of
terrorism, economic disintegration. Amidst all the
challenges security cooperation has always been
difficult in South Asia though it is a necessity for
the region. However, India being the largest

173
nation in South Asia has been putting some
earnest efforts in expanding security cooperation
within the region. Security cooperation is vital for
maintaining stability in the region and for
fulfilling the geo strategic interest hence India has
always been interested in this engagement. The
study will analyse the dynamic of security
relations India holds with its neighbour and what
could India do to enlarge the cooperation amidst
all the challenges persisting in South Asia.

INDIAN PRINT MEDIA’S EDITORIAL

DISCOURSE ON RESULTS OF LOK SABHA
GENERAL ELECTIONS 2024
Dr. Amartya Saha
Assistant Professor
New Alipore College
On 2nd June 2023, India witnessed its biggest
train tragedy in recent times. An accident that
claimed the life of 293, leaving 1100 injured
(Hindustan Times, 2023). The tragedy raised
questions about the safety and security of the
Indian railways and sparked a massive political
controversy. It caught the attention of the Indian
media and global media. Newspapers across the
country reported the incident and formed a strong
media discourse. This research paper is a
qualitative study of the leading English
newspapers of the country and analyses how they
covered the incident and portrayed the tragedy.
As we complete one year of the unforgettable

174
event, the research paper analyses headlines,
articles, photographs, captions and slants
published by the newspaper to portray the
emerging incidents of the tragedy.

INDIA'S MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH

TO REGIONAL SECURITY: FROM
TRADITIONAL TO HUMAN SECURITY
Rabit Kumar
Research Scholar
University of Delhi
The idea of security has shifted from traditional to
non-traditional one by integrating the human
security dimension in the security agenda. This
research exercise examines India's role in security
practices, emphasizing the interconnectedness of
regional security and human security. It explores
how India tackles traditional security concerns
like border disputes and terrorism, while
increasingly focusing on Non-Traditional (Human
Security) issues like poverty and environmental
degradation. Despite aspirations for regional
leadership and regional security provider, India
faces challenges from historical tensions, complex
relations with neighbors’, China's growing
influence, internal conflicts etc. This research
paper argues that by prioritizing the human-
centric approach, India aims to foster inclusive
development, peace, and stability, contributing to
economic development, disaster relief, and
regional cooperation. Such a humanized approach

175
to regional security underscores India's
commitment to professionalism, humanitarian
concern, and gender sensitivity, enhancing its
international identity and promoting a more
inclusive and sustainable society.

INNOCENCE UNDER SIEGE: EXPLORING

CHILD SECURITY IN GAZA
Arnab Mukherjee
PhD Scholar
University Of Kalyani
No child ought to grow up in fear, hunger, and
pain, yet no child in Gaza remains free from fear,
starvation, and pain today. Against the backdrop
of the Israeli invasion on the 27th of October,
2023, over a million children find their lives,
health, and childhoods under siege. Despite being
at the forefront of violence and displacement,
children in Gaza are frequently marginalized in
narratives surrounding this crisis. This research
seeks to investigate the dimensions of child
security in Gaza, focusing on identifying
vulnerabilities, assessing protection mechanisms,
and means of social restitution. This research
seeks to understand the challenges and traumas
faced by the children of Gaza and their caregivers
by analyzing qualitative data from interviews and
literature that highlight their lived realities.
Finally, this study seeks to prescribe remedial
initiatives toward recovery and improvement of
children's rights in Gaza.

176
 INTEGRATING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
INTO FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS: A
CASE STUDY OF INDIA'S NATIONAL
EDUCATION POLICY
Dr. Shailen Verma
Assistant Professor
Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University
This study explores the integration of indigenous
knowledge systems into formal education
curricula, using India's National Education Policy
2020 as a case study. It examines the theoretical
underpinnings, implementation strategies, and
potential challenges of incorporating diverse
cultural epistemologies within mainstream
academic frameworks. Through a comprehensive
literature review and qualitative analysis of policy
documents, the research investigates the
intersections of traditional wisdom, pedagogical
innovation, and nation-building efforts. The
findings underscore the importance of inclusive
educational models that valorises local knowledge
traditions while fostering intercultural dialogue
and critical thinking. In the end, the study offers
insights into decolonizing education and
promoting sustainable development through the
synergy of indigenous and modern knowledge
systems

INTERVENTIONS FOR MAXIMIZING IMPACT

ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

177
 IN INDIA: A FOCUS ON POVERTY (SDG 1)
AND HUNGER (SDG 2)"
Sunil Kalyanrao Sonawane
Research Fellow
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University
In this paper, we delve into the various strategic
interventions that can have the most significant
impact on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1 and 2 in India. These goals aim to eradicate
poverty and hunger, which still pose significant
challenges despite India's significant economic
growth. To determine the most effective strategies
for achieving these goals, we evaluate several
interventions, including policy reforms,
technological innovations, and community-driven
initiatives. Through an extensive review of
existing literature and case studies, we identify
successful models and critical gaps in current
efforts. Our findings suggest that a multi-faceted
approach that integrates government action,
private sector involvement, and civil society
participation is essential for substantial progress.
We also emphasize the importance of localized
solutions that consider regional disparities and
cultural contexts. By providing a detailed analysis
of successful interventions and offering policy
recommendations, we aim to contribute to the
formulation of more effective strategies for
poverty reduction and hunger alleviation in India,

178
thereby advancing the nation’s progress towards
SDGs 1 and 2.

INTERWOVEN TIES: INDIA-GERMANY

RELATIONS IN MODI'S ERA OF TRACK 2
DIPLOMACY
Harshita Singh
Student
Amity University, Noida
This research article delves into the evolving bond
between India and Germany during Prime
Minister Narendra Modi's tenure, focusing on the
behind-the-scenes interactions of Track 2
diplomacy. It explores how both countries have
managed their relationship amid changing global
circumstances, considering diplomatic talks,
business ties, cultural exchanges, and strategic
collaborations. The study emphasizes the
significance of Track 2 diplomacy, involving non-
governmental actors like think tanks and
corporate bodies, in strengthening ties between
the two nations. Further, it delves into shared
interests, challenges, and opportunities, such as
economic integration and technological
cooperation, while also highlighting common
values like democracy and multilateralism.
Through a closer examination of Track 2
diplomacy, the essay seeks to offer insights into
the trajectory of India-Germany relations and
contribute to broader discussions on international
diplomacy and strategic alliances

179
 INVESTIGATING DEFENSIVE
ARCHITECTURE AND HUMAN SECURITY IN
THE INDUS-SARASWATI CIVILISATION IN
EASTERN DOMAIN (HARYANA): A CASE
STUDY ON FORTIFICATION WALL
Neelam Sharma
PhD (Research Scholar)
Kurukshetra University
This research paper examines the defensive
Harappan architecture and its implications for
human security within the Indus-Saraswati
Civilization, with a specific emphasis on the
eastern domain focusing on key sites such as Balu,
Bhirrana, Rakhigarhi, Banawali etc. This Bronze
Age civilisation known as the first urban
civilisation in South-Asian sub-content although
it’s advanced urban planning and trade networks
have received a lot of attention; less emphasis has
been placed on its defensive architecture and its
role in ensuring human security. The main
objective of this study is to fill this gap by
examining the defensive structure of the
Harappan civilisation. Through a
multidisciplinary approach combining
archaeological evidence, geographical analysis,
layout, design, and placement of defensive
structure such as fortification wall, gateways and
bastions this study aims to throw light on
advanced understanding of the Harappan people
in the eastern region.

180
 IS REUNIFICATION A VIABLE OPTION FOR
NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA?: A GAME
THEORY ANALYSIS
Trishna Rajiv Saraf
Assistant Professor
K.E.T's V.G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce (Autonomous)
Negotiations between the United States (proxy of
South Korea) and North Korea have proceeded in
fits and starts for decades. But they have failed to
halt the advance of North Korea’s nuclear and
missile programs and its tensions with South
Korea. In 2018 North Korea and South Korea
signed an agreement pledging towards the
common goal of denuclearization on the Korean
Peninsula, thereby working together towards
ending the conflict and maintaining peace
between the nations. With improving relations
between the two, there have been talks of a
possible strengthening of political and economic
relations. The paper seeks to analyze if
reunification is a viable option for the two nations
or should they continue with maintaining peace
using a Game Theory Analysis. It also draws a
parallel between the East and West Germany
reunification. As reunification has been a
successful option for Germany, the paper analyses
if reunification can be a successful option for
Korea as well. The paper explains the above using

181
a game theory model with three strategies: peace,
reunification, and war.

ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR AND ITS

IMPLICATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN PALESTINE
Nalinie Sharma
Research Scholar
Guru Nanak Dev University
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
adopted by the UN in 2015 as a global call to take
action for the protection of the planet and ensure
peace and prosperity of the people by 2030, face a
gloomy future in Palestine. The ongoing Israel-
Hamas war which started in October 2023 has
turned out to be a major humanitarian
catastrophe with an unprecedented loss of lives
and destruction of infrastructure whose
ramifications could be felt across Palestine. All the
SDGs have been facing the devastating impact of
the conflict across food, water, sanitation, health,
energy, agriculture, industry, employment,
climate and institutions. The war has been into its
seventh month and if it persists up to nine
months, the poverty rate might even exceed 60%,
according to the UN. It is in this broader context
that the paper will examine how the war in Gaza
has impacted the realisation of SDGs across
Palestine along with the challenges and the
prospects of the floundering 2030 Agenda in the
state. While it will take more time to measure the

182
full impact of the conflict, the paper aims to make
a humble contribution in enlightening all the
stakeholders involved and make feasible
recommendations on attaining SDGs in Gaza

JOB INSECURITY AND WORK

PERFORMANCE: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AS
MEDIATOR USING SMART PLS
Sheela Narang Wadhwa
PhD research scholar
Amity University Uttar Pradesh
In the contemporary work environment marked
by rapid economic and technological changes, job
insecurity has become a prevalent concern with
significant implications for employees and
organizations. This research paper investigates
the relationship between job insecurity and work
performance, emphasizing the mediating role of
psychological well-being. Utilizing a quantitative
research design, data were collected through
surveys assessing job insecurity, psychological
well-being, and work performance. The findings
reveal that job insecurity significantly affects
work performance, primarily through its
detrimental impact on psychological well-being.
The results underscore the importance of
addressing psychological well-being as a critical
factor in mitigating the adverse effects of job
insecurity on work performance. This research
adds to the existing body of knowledge by

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providing a comprehensive understanding of the
mechanisms linking job insecurity and work
performance, offering practical implications for
both researchers and practitioners.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON PLASTIC WASTE

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA FOR ACHIEVING
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Kirandeep Kaur
PhD Research Scholar
Central University Of Punjab, Bathinda
In today’s world plastic has become an
irreplaceable product and we can’t imagine our
daily life without plastic. Plastic was invented in
the year 1907 and it achieved its full potential in
the year 1950s’. Plastic is made from synthetic or
semi-synthetic polymers, which don’t biodegrade
for hundreds or thousands of years. From 1950 to
2015, around 8.3 billion metric tons (BMTs) of
plastic were produced globally, and of this, 80
percent – 6.3 BMTs – was accounted as plastic
waste. Plastic pollution is a threat to human
health and the environment. Plastic Waste
Management Laws in India and Sustainable
Development Goals are intertwined like SDG 12,
SDG 13, SDG 14, and SDG 15. This paper
discusses the legal framework in India to combat
the problem of plastic pollution with special
reference to SDGs’. The doctrinal research
methodology is used for this. On the basis of
research, suggestions have been drawn to improve

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the legal framework to achieve the Sustainable
Goals

LOCAL STRUGGLES TO GLOBAL IMPACT:

HUMAN SECURITY AND WOMEN'S
EMPOWERMENT IN TWINKLE KHANNA'S
SHORT STORY ' THE LEGEND OF LAKSHMI
PRASAD'.
Priyanka Marwaha
Assistant Professor
CT University, Ludhiana
This research paper explores the intricate themes
of human security, global governance, women
empowerment, and entrepreneurship in Twinkle
Khanna’s short story “The Legend of Lakshmi
Prasad.” Set in a rural Indian village, the story
depicts Lakshmi Prasad’s innovative approach to
transforming societal perceptions through
planting jardalu trees on each girl child’s birth.
This act provides economic stability, enhances
health outcomes, and fosters community cohesion,
challenging deep-seated patriarchal norms. By
examining Lakshmi’s local initiative through the
lenses of human security and global
developmental goals, the paper highlights the
significant impact of grassroots movements on
broader global efforts. The analysis underscores
the importance of supportive policies that
empower women and promote sustainable
development, showcasing how local actions can
resonate globally to drive meaningful change.

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 MAOIST INSURGENCY IN INDIA AND
HUMAN SECURITY: RECENT TRENDS AND
CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
Rajbala Rana
Researcher
Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut
The Naxalite movement or Maoist insurgency in
India constitutes one of the most enduring
insurgencies the country has faced since
independence. Among various measures taken to
contain the Maoist insurgency for over more than
five decades, the security approach has been the
dominant one. As a result of the security response,
the state has been able to reduce the levels of
Maoists’ violence and contain their geographical
spread. However, despite the fair success of
security forces in containing the Maoist violence
and also considerable developmental
interventions in the affected areas over a long
period now, the movement refuses to die down.
Still, Maoist insurgents hold considerable ground
in their base areas and are capable of launching
audacious attacks against security forces at their
will. The overall declining trend in Maoist violence
across the country needs to be contained with
further security and development interventions
that too on a war footing. Simultaneously, the
government should prioritize on strengthening
the grassroots democracy (Panchayati Raj System
& Institutions) in the LWE-affected Fifth-

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Schedule areas. Winning trust and confidence
(WHAM) of local tribal population is the key to
win the decades-old battle against the Left-wing
Extremists in India.

MEITEI-KUKI 2023 ETHNIC CONFLICT AND

HUMAN INSECURITIES IN MANIPUR: A
CASE STUDY
Takhellambam Nepolin
Research Scholar
Manipur University
Meitei-Kuki conflict in Manipur looms as a
formidable threat, casting a shadow over both
regional and national security landscapes. Over
the past one year, this strife has not only
jeopardized human security but also posed the
risk of spiralling into a broader violent crisis.
Urgent action is imperative to quell tensions,
safeguard lives, and address the root causes of the
conflict. In this volatile climate, inclusive dialogue
must take precedence, ensuring the protection of
rights for all parties involved. Failure to act
swiftly could deepen the crisis, with far-reaching
implications for peace and stability in Manipur
and beyond. The paper sheds light on the profound
impact of the conflict on human security,
emphasizing the situation and need for
sustainable peace-building endeavours. The study
adopts qualitative approach, involved extensive
literature review and qualitative analysis of open-
source reports. The findings underscore the

187
imperative of prioritizing human security
initiatives and fostering reconciliation to avert
further turmoil in Manipur

MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENGE:

GOVERNANCE STRATEGIES FOR
PROTECTING ELDERLY WOMEN IN INDIA
Dr. Rajkumari Meena
HoD & Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology
Maharaja Agrasen Himalayan
Garhwal University, Shivanagar Pokhra
Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand
Elderly women in India face significant mental
health challenges, including isolation, depression,
anxiety, and the impacts of socio-cultural factors.
As a geriatric psychologist, this paper investigates
these challenges and evaluates the effectiveness of
current governance strategies designed to protect
and enhance the mental well-being of elderly
women. Employing a multidisciplinary approach,
the study integrates psychological theories to
assess the sufficiency of existing policies and
interventions. Through comprehensive analyses,
this research identifies critical gaps in the current
mental health governance framework and offers
evidence-based recommendations for
improvement. The findings highlight the need for
a more holistic, inclusive approach that addresses
the unique needs of elderly women, ensuring their
dignity, autonomy, and quality of life are

188
preserved. This paper aims to contribute to the
development of more effective mental health
governance strategies, ultimately fostering better
mental health outcomes for elderly women in
India.

NAVIGATING SUSTAINABILITY: CLIMATE

CHANGE IN A NEOLIBERAL ERA
Sonakshi Sharma
PhD Research Scholar
Jammu University
Development became a new agenda of the world
in the post-Cold War era with the ascendence of
neoliberal economic paradigm pledged to support
free markets, minimal government interventions
and promotion of economic growth. Consequently,
the unrestricted human activities have created
severe environmental crisis in the form of climate
change. Climate change is inhibiting the idea of
sustainable development by upending national
economies and affecting the lives and livelihoods
of millions. The present study will argue that the
neoliberal governance has not only created the
problem of climate change but also restricted the
tendency to mitigate it. Therefore, to address the
problem of climate change we need to look beyond
the neoliberal ideas of sustainability. Considering
climate change as a problem of global politics
rather than mere an environmental concern, the
present paper will analyse the existing global

189
efforts initiated to mitigate climate change for
sustainable development

NAVIGATING TRANSNATIONAL THREATS:

GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES AND
STRATEGIES IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD
Ishita Tripathi
PhD Scholar
Amity Institute of International Studies
Amity University Noida
Uttar Pradesh, India
In a time of unparalleled interconnection and
interdependence, the emergence of transnational
dangers presents significant obstacles to global
governing frameworks. This study sheds light on
the interconnectedness of several threats,
including terrorism, cybercrime, illegal
trafficking, pandemics, and environmental
degradation, and their consequences for global
security, stability, and human well-being. By
utilizing current governance frameworks, policies,
and processes, the study assesses how well state-
centric and multilateral strategies function to
counteract transnational threats. This paper
investigates how to improve resilience and
responsiveness to new risks by utilizing
technology, intelligence-sharing systems,
capacity-building programs, and community
involvement. This research paper wishes to
contribute to a deeper understanding of
transnational threats and governance dynamics,

190
informing strategic decision-making and
advancing efforts to safeguard peace, security,
and prosperity in the 21st century.

NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY AND

KAUTILYA’S ARTHASHASTRA: A
THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING
Aakash Singh
Research Scholar
University of Lucknow
Three decades have passed, since the United
Nations Development Report 1994 on Human
security comprising of community, economic,
environmental, food, health, personal, and
political security and presented a broader
understanding of Non-Traditional Security (NTS).
It emerged from the knowledge that security
concerns go beyond military perils and have
developed into a vital research and analytical
area. Human security is a perspective that looks
at international relations from the standpoint of
the security of the individual. Kautilya
Arthashastra is an Ancient Indian treatise that
offers timeless insight into statecraft, politics, and
economy and discusses various aspects of national
security including NTS and its remedies.
Arthashastra has elements of NTS in its 15 books
ranging from economic, environmental, food,
informational, and human security which have
their footing in the 21st century. Misinformation
campaigns and data breaches, migration and

191
illegal refugees, economic espionage and trade
war are some of the issues relating both to NTS
and Arthashastra. This paper is an attempt to
analyze Arthashastra through the eye of NTS
threats.

NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY: AN
ANALYSIS THROUGH THE ASPECT OF
‘CLOTHING
Jacqueline Elisha Gomes
PhD Scholar
Jain-Deemed to be University, Bengaluru
The term ‘Security’ continues to be one of the most
prime aspects in the current world scenario.
Besides raising ‘caution’, the term is often
associated with precaution and measure
conditions. While the traditional forms of security
have been a prime concern in the world, with time
‘non-traditional security’ has taken the center
stage. Through this paper, I aim to highlight the
characteristics of non-traditional security from
the parameters of clothing. ‘Clothing’ is
considered as a non-verbal tool of communication.
Being a carrier of ideologies, ‘clothing’ in the
international forum can be extended and analyzed
from the perspective of humanitarian crisis,
conflict and identity dynamics, Information
combating and addressing extremist and terrorist
beliefs. The purpose of the paper would be to draw
the attention of the readers towards such
association, whose analyses will prove beneficial

192
in understanding the pattern aimed to convey in
the global world.

NUCLEAR ENERGY: A CATALYST FOR

HUMAN WELFARE
Vishakha Patil
Assistant Professor
The K.E.T’S V.G. Vaze College of Arts, Science
and Commerce (Autonomous)
The development of nuclear power was a
watershed moment in the world history as it led
to the invention of nuclear energy. With the
growing population and their accentuating needs
across the world, nuclear energy proves to be a
sustainable way to transform the lives of humans.
The traditional sources of energy have been
depleting over the years and it is very soon that
they will see a depletion. India is the populous
nation in the world and is still grappling with
basic issues of poverty, inflation, energy cruch etc.
Electrification across the country still remains a
problem despite of the various government
initiatives undertaken to resolve the crisis. In this
context, the paper aims to analyse the potential of
nuclear energy in alleviating issues of
electrification across the country. The research
extensively undertakes a study of the Energy
Policies in India and the recommendations to
alleviate energy concerns. The research
methodology employed is based on both primary
and secondary sources. The limitations of the

193
research pertain to exploring the vitality of
nuclear power for energy generation and thus does
not take into account other dimensions of nuclear
power

PARTNERSHIP FOR THE PLANET: MODI

AND MACRON FOR A GREENER WORLD
Divyata Shriya Pal
Student
Maharaja Surajmal Institute
This research essay explores the importance of
partnerships for the planet, specifically focusing
on the India-France bilateral relationship during
Modi's and French President Emmanuel Macron's
tenures. The essay will examine how
strengthening energy security can contribute to
meeting climate objectives. Additionally, the
study will delve into the triple crisis of climate
change, biodiversity loss, and pollution and how
partnerships between India and France can
address these issues and challenges. In addition,
this essay will discuss the role of urban and
ecological transitions in mitigating climate
change and promoting sustainable development.
Lastly, the essay will address the role of trade and
investment in promoting environmental
sustainability and reaching climate goals. In the
context of the India-France bilateral relationship,
this research essay seeks to explore the
importance of partnership for the planet

194
 PERCEPTIONS OF POWER: ASSESSING THE
GLOBAL PERCEPTION OF THE UNITED
STATES AFTER THE UKRAINE AND GAZA
CRISIS
Aman Bora
Research Scholar
Soban Singh Jeena University
The Russia-Ukraine War of 2022 shook the
foundations of the US hegemonic order. What the
war will bring, was not perceived either by Russia
or by the Western powers. The world came in
support of the human lives on the battleground
but many blame Washington to be the very reason
for it. While the United States continues to wield
significant power and influence in international
affairs, its actions and responses to geopolitical
crises are subject to scrutiny and evaluation by
the global community. Another blow came in the
form of the Israel-Gaza 2023 conflict. The
humanitarian toll on Gaza’s side raised questions
about Israel and its ally US. While traditional
allies and partners of the United States express
solidarity and support, there is also evidence of
skepticism, criticism and even condemnation of
U.S. actions and policies. This research paper
seeks to analyze and evaluate the perceptions of
power associated with the United States in the
international arena following these two
significant geopolitical events. By employing a
multi-faceted approach that combines qualitative
and quantitative methodologies, this study aims

195
to provide a comprehensive understanding of how
the actions and responses of the United States
during the Ukraine conflict and Gaza crisis have
shaped its global image. This paper will explore
the implications of these perceptions on U.S.
foreign policy, global diplomatic relations and the
maintenance of American hegemony in the
contemporary geopolitical landscape.

POLITICAL DYNAMICS AND INVESTORS

SENTIMENTS: A STUDY OF LOK SABHA
ELECTIONS 2024 AND INDIAN STOCK
MARKET VOLATILITY
Dr. Anju Singh
Assistant Professor
Symbiosis International (Deemed) University
The political dynamics and their impact on stock
market indices have been a matter of great
significance. The present study examines the
movement in investor sentiments during the Lok
Sabha Elections of 2024 in India. The study
focuses on the volatility in the market during pre-
elections, post-elections, exit polls, and on the day
of the results. The study identifies patterns and
correlation between political outcome and
investors behavior in Indian stock market. The
sentiments in the market is examined through
VIX, the fear and greed index, the policy
uncertainty index, the consumer confidence index,
and the Bullish Percent Index. The findings of the
study reveal a significant impact of political

196
dynamics on investor sentiments measured
through the above index. Thus, it can be concluded
that the stock market is sensitive towards the
electoral outcomes and closely correlate with the
increased market volatility. This also reveals that
there is a need to build resilience amongst
investors for increased economic health and
relatively stable market conditions. This research
provides valuable insights for policymakers,
investors, and academia. The study emphasizes
building political stability on increasing consumer
confidence.

POLITICS OF POVERTY GOVERNANCE IN

INDIA: A HUMAN SECURITY ISSUE
Dr. Anushree Chakraborty
Assistant Professor
Vidyasagar College For Women
University Of Calcutta
More than half the world’s population lives on less
than $2 dollars per day, and almost 1.1 billion
people live in extreme poverty, defined as less
than $1 dollar per day. In India’s case, it has
managed to bring down ‘extreme poverty’ below 3
per cent of its population. This could mean
achieving significant milestone in the direction of
first of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
However, to understand poverty better,
multidimensional poverty has to be studied across
three equally weighted dimensions of health,
education, and standard of living. The present

197
paper is aimed at understanding poverty as a
human security issue and analysing what
governmental measures have been in/effective in
coping with extreme poverty over the decades. The
states of Eastern India, such as, Bihar, West
Bengal and Orissa are particularly under scrutiny
here.

POSTURAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

CHALLENGES FACED BY BAMBOO AND
CANE WEAVING CRAFTSMEN
Poripurna Goswami
Research Scholar
The Maharaja Sayajirao University Of Baroda
Bamboo and cane weaving is a culturally
significant craft sustaining generations of
artisans in Assam. The present study focuses on
postural analysis and occupational health hazards
among 240 craftsmen (120 male and 120 female)
from the Barpeta Cluster of Assam selected using
Multistage Purposive Sampling technique. The
primary objectives are to assess work-related
postures and identify physical, chemical, and
psychological health risks. A systematic literature
review was also conducted to identify recurring
themes and knowledge gaps. Findings of the study
reveal that the craft's physical demands
contribute to significant health problems,
including musculoskeletal disorders and
respiratory issues. Additionally, chemical
exposures pose serious risks to artisans. These

198
insights underscore the urgent need for targeted
interventions to address these health hazards,
ensuring the well-being and sustainability of
bamboo and cane weaving. This study informs
future research and guides the development of
strategies to protect the health of these artisans.

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISCOMFORT AMONG FLORISTS IN THE
UNORGANIZED SECTOR: AN ERGONOMICS
AND HEALTH SECURITY STUDY
Nidhi Dattani
PhD Research Scholar
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Health security is an important dimension of
human security, as good health is both essential &
instrumental to human survival, livelihood &
dignity. The burgeoning floriculture industry in
India presents substantial opportunities for
economic empowerment & sustainable
development. However, its growth hinges on
addressing key challenges related to occupational
health & ergonomics, particularly among florists
in the unorganized sector. The present study was
undertaken to assess the prevalence of
musculoskeletal discomfort among florists in
Mumbai & recommended strategies to improve
ergonomics and safety, aiming for better health
outcomes and economic security. Data was
collected from 120 florists in Mumbai comprising
40 garland & makers, 40 floral jewellery creators

199
& 40 bouquet makers using a semi-structured
interview schedule. The florists in the
unorganized sector often lack formal health &
safety measures, making effective workplace
ergonomics & robust human security measures
critical in mitigating health risks & ensuring their
safety & productivity

PREVENTING CYBERBULLYING AND

CYBERCRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN IN
INDIA: A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE
Dr. Sapna K Sharma
Assistant Professor
& Dr. Upendra Tripathi
Researcher
Himachal Pradesh University
With the widespread adoption of smartphones and
laptops, the Internet has become indispensable in
our daily lives. India, as the world's second-largest
online market with over 900 million users, reflects
this trend. A Statista survey in September 2023
revealed that 46% of urban parents report their
children spending three to six hours daily on social
media, over-the-top (OTT) platforms, and online
games. However, this surge in connectivity also
exposes individuals, especially children, to
various online risks like cyberbullying,
harassment, stalking, grooming, and sexual
abuse. To address these concerns, the
Government of India has taken proactive
measures, including the establishment of the

200
Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (14C)
and the launch of a crime reporting portal. These
initiatives, with a special focus on women and
children, aim to comprehensively tackle
cybercrimes and safeguard vulnerable online
users. This research paper aims to assess the
current status of the growing crises and the efforts
of the Government to address them.

PROTECTING PEOPLE AND PRESERVING

PROGRESS: THE IMPERATIVE OF HUMAN
SECURITY IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL
WORLD
Khyati
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
In an increasingly interconnected and
technology-driven world, keeping people safe has
become a multifaceted challenge. This study
addresses the complexity of human security in the
context of rapid technological development. It
explores the different dimensions of human
security, such as financial, health, environmental
and personal security, and examines how
technology poses threats and offers solutions. It is
clear that there is a close relationship between
scientific and technological developments and
human security issues both in terms of positive
and negative aspects. Analysing, the existing
literature and case studies, this article seeks to

201
highlight the importance of addressing these
challenges and harnessing the potential of
technology to advance human security

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY REIMAGINED: SOCIAL

MEDIA AND DIGITAL TOOLS SHAPING
GLOBAL PERCEPTIONS
Shantanu Sharma
Assistant Professor
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Public diplomacy is entering a revolutionary
phase because of the digital age, which has given
nations the ability to interact directly with people
abroad via social media and other internet
platforms. This study explores how nations use
these instruments to shape public opinion
overseas, managing the many opportunities and
complex obstacles that this environment offers.
The paper highlight by looking at how social
media may be used strategically to promote
national narratives, trade cultures, and build
relationships between two people or two nations.
This paper examines the efficacy of "soft power"
tactics such as influencer engagement, data-
driven campaigns, and targeted content
marketing, based on case studies and
contemporary research. Although there are risks
in the digital world as well. This article
investigates national responses to problems such
as the proliferation of false information, the
development of echo chambers, and challenges

202
related to cultural sensitivity and vulnerability.
The paper highlight the significance of ethical
issues like data privacy and responsible
communication while providing insights into
tactics for fostering media literacy and fact-
checking campaigns to combat misinformation.
PUBLIC POLICY AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS
Manas Ranjan Behera
Assistant Professor
Utkalmani Gopabandhu
College of Teacher Education
When we talk about public policy and sustainable
development together, we are referring to the
formulation and implementation of policies that
promote sustainable development goals. This
involves integrating sustainability principles into
policy frameworks across various sectors, such as
energy, transportation, agriculture, urban
planning, and more. The aim is to foster economic
growth, social inclusion, and environmental
protection in a manner that is equitable, efficient,
and environmentally sound, thus ensuring the
well-being of present and future generations.This
paper examines the intersection of public policy
and sustainable development within the context of
India. As one of the world's fastest-growing
economies with a vast and diverse population,
India faces unique challenges and opportunities in
achieving sustainable development goals while
steering complex policy landscapes. Through an

203
analysis, this abstract examines the evolution of
public policies which aims at promoting
sustainable development in India, spanning
sectors such as environment, energy, urban
planning, and social welfare. Drawing on
secondary data and scholarly literature, key policy
initiatives and their impacts on politics of India,
environmental conservation, economic growth,
social equity, and resilience are scrutinized.

READING THROUGH THE PHOTOGRAPHIC

TEXTS: ‘DELINEATING INSTILLED
IDENTITY ERASURES THROUGH
INDIGENOUS MEMORYSCAPES
Ranjini G
PhD Research Scholar (SRF)
Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai
Indigenous Memory is genetically archived and
underpinned itself through its oral tradition. It
protrudes into the innumerable veneer
misconceptions and stolen historical traces in
India. Memory has always been their strong suit
reflecting resistance against any social barrier in
all timelines. In the contemporary era, the
memory is the only identity left for them to hold
on, through several apprehensions, social-
consternation and strategic hamletting of the
government and mining corporations. Arundhati
Roy, denotes ‘the poorest people die in this rich
people’s war’, in her book Broken Republic (2013)
recording the lives of the indigenous communities

204
in India who are forced into insurgent wars for
their land and identity. The central oppression on
the Adivasi communities nowadays is reflected
through the bionomics and the literary world to
wring out the authentic narrative. The book Our
Forest Dreams contributed by the Adivasi
communities of Ooty is one such expression
depicting the photographic texts cogitating voice-
over of their identity directed towards the world
in order to sustain not only an eco-system but
their own community. Thus, using medical
humanities as the point of theoretical departure,
this paper tries to identify the compressed layers
of the Adivasi community’s forced displacement
and identity dispersion. The paper also identifies
and accentuates the contemporary positioning of
the indigenous thought process reassessing their
representations.

RECONCEPTUALIZING HUMAN SECURITY

PARADIGMS: BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVE
Sanju Dolma Lama
Research Scholar
Nava Nalanda Mahavihara
A peaceful and prosperous world hinges on human
security, which emphasises necessities like
health, respect, economic stability, communal
connection, safety and personal empowerment. In
this way, Buddhism encourages human security
in this sense by placing a strong emphasis on
compassion, mindfulness and group well-being. It

205
teaches that everything is interrelated of all
beings asserting that individual actions impact
the collective with an emphasis on both inner
peace and world peace. The purpose of this paper
is to illustrate the Buddhist approach's significant
influence on human security and its capacity to
bring about revolutionary social change by
applying it to actual practices and to foster a more
harmonious and equitable global society

REGIONAL DOMINANCE IN THE INDO-

PACIFIC: THE EMERGENCE OF SQUAD AND
INDIA'S POSITION
Diya Jayminbhai Desai
Undergraduate Research Scholar
Pandit Deendayal Energy University,
Gandhinagar
&
T. Keerthana Reddy
Undergraduate Student
Pandit Deendayal Energy University,
Gandhinagar
The emergence of the "SQUAD" alliance,
comprising the United States, Australia, Japan,
and the Philippines, marks a significant shift in
the Indo-Pacific's security landscape. This new
minilateral framework introduces a robust
security and military dimension that might
potentially challenge the traditional focus of the
"QUAD" (United States, India, Japan, and
Australia). The inclusion of the Philippines

206
highlights its strategic importance in countering
China's assertiveness in the South China Sea.
This development poses questions about the
regional dominance of the QUAD and India's
strategic position. While India maintains its
stance on strategic autonomy and refrains from
deeper military engagements, it must navigate
the evolving dynamics to uphold its regional
influence. The interplay between SQUAD and
QUAD could lead to a more nuanced distribution
of power and responsibilities, ensuring a stable
and secure Indo-Pacific. This paper examines the
implications of SQUAD's formation on regional
dominance, the strategic calculus of India, and the
broader geopolitical ramifications in the Indo-
Pacific.

REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES AND

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: AN
INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Maninder Kaur
Assistant Professor
Guru Nanak Dev University
Income disparity in India is a strong barrier to
attaining the UN's Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). Despite being one of the world's
fastest-growing major economies, India confronts
severe disparities in income that jeopardize the
country's capacity to achieve these global goals by
2030. This paper aims to explore latest evidence of
income inequalities on what has been happening

207
to regional disparities in the post-liberalization
period among India's fifteen major states, with a
particular focus on the periods before and after the
introduction of sustainable development goals.
The study has found that there is no evidence of
convergence in terms of Net State Domestic
Product (NSDP) per capita, particularly in the
context of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) initiated by the United Nations. The study
suggested that government's focus on inclusive
growth policies to bridge income gap and ensure
equitable development across all states is crucial
to achieve sustainable development goals

REGIONAL SECURITY AND ROLE OF INDIA

Taranjot Kaur Gill
Research Scholar
Guru Nanak Dev University
The term Regional Security comprises two words
“regional” which is often used to describe things
and features that relate to a particular area of the
country or that of the world in a broader frame
and “security” is another term that refers to all
measures that are taken to protect a place by
ensuring peace and stability with collective efforts
and cooperation of all countries in the region. This
paper therefore analysis India’s role as it is the
major power in the South Asian Region which has
been constantly facing security concerns on
account of China’s revisionist and expansionist
ideologies. China’s policies of economic

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expansionism in the Indian Ocean, BRI (Belt and
Road Initiative), policy “String of Pearls” shall
increase its strategic hold in the region which
might pose serious security and territorial threats
not only to India: Hegemon power in the region
but also to other counties: Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Maldives, Nepal, and Bangladesh. However, the
responsibility to counterbalance China lies with
India on account of its economic and military
might. This is the reason India is actively drawing
the attention of global powers towards China’s
intentions. India has introduced policies like the
“Act East” policy and Strategic Security Dialogue
“QUAD” where active participation of the United
States, Australia, and Japan has been observed to
maintain stability and security in the region.

REIMAGINING INTERNATIONAL SECURITY:

THE INCREASING INFLUENCE OF WOMEN
Mita Howladar
Assistant Professor
Jadavpur University
In recent years, there has been increased interest
in the role of women in international security,
which reflects the need for gender inclusion in
efforts to promote world peace and security, as
well as a growing awareness of the multifaceted
contributions of women. This brief explores key
issues, barriers and opportunities while providing
a critical analysis of the role of women in the
international world. It starts by outlining how

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historically women have been marginalized
within conventional security paradigms, which
frequently ignored their viewpoints and
experiences. After that, it draws attention to the
changes in the discourse surrounding
international security, including the incorporation
of gender perspectives and the treatment of the
gendered aspects of war, peacekeeping, and
security governance. Drawing on empirical
research and theoretical insights, the report
explores the diverse roles of women in promoting
security at various levels, from grassroots
peacebuilding initiatives to high-level diplomatic
negotiations. It highlights the importance of
recognizing women not only as victims of conflict,
but also as agents of change and peace

REMOTE WORK AND WOMEN SECURITY IN

POST-PANDEMIC SOUTH ASIA:
GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES AND
RESPONSES
Muskan Dhalwal
Student
South Asian University
The shift to remote work during the COVID-19
pandemic has significantly impacted women's
security around the globe. While remote work
provided flexibility, it also heightened the risk of
domestic violence, as continuous proximity to
abusers during lockdowns fostered conditions
conducive to violence (Preser, 2023). This paper

210
aims to explore the effects of the remote work
transition on women's security with a brief case
study of the South Asian region. It will analyze the
challenges women faced, including increased
domestic violence, work-life balance issues, and
mental health concerns. The research will also
evaluate governance responses to these
challenges, highlighting successful policies and
interventions. Finally, it will propose strategies to
enhance women's security in the context of remote
work, drawing on best practices from the region.
Preser, R. (2023). Feminist Semiotics of “Safe”:
Intimate Violence in the Time of Pandemic.
Violence Against Women, 29(14), 2663-2680

RETHINKING THE SECURITY PARADIGM IN

POST-COLD WAR ERA: HUMAN SECURITY
VS NATIONAL SECURITY
Damini
Student
Guru Nanak Dev University
The conventional focus on national security is
being challenged by the concept of human security
as the worldwide landscape changes. This paper
looks at the evolving dynamics of security
paradigms in the post-Cold War era to better
understand the contestation between national
security and human security. It investigates the
differing viewpoints of these paradigms and their
consequences for global governance using
theoretical analysis. The research clarifies the

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challenges of balancing state-centric objectives
with the defence of individuals against new
threats by evaluating case studies and policy
frameworks. To effectively address today's
concerns, it promotes a comprehensive approach
to security that incorporates both national and
human components

REVEALING THE HUMAN COST: HOW

LEGAL GAPS FAIL SEX TRAFFICKING
SURVIVORS
Bijetri Pathak
Assistant Professor
Sikkim Manipal University
&
Prof. Shiladitya Chakraborty
Professor
Kalyani University, West Bengal
Behind the legal intricacies lie stark realities: sex
trafficking survivors, despite legal protections,
often find themselves stranded in insecurity.
Delving into data across regions of West Bengal
reveals a troubling pattern. In 2021, the
government completed prosecution in 201
trafficking cases, convicted 64 traffickers in 32
cases, and acquitted 520 suspects in 169 cases.
The acquittal rate for trafficking cases was 84
percent. But only 6% had received victim
compensation. Victims, lacking comprehensive
support, face a harrowing journey of recovery,
susceptible to further exploitation. Inconsistent

212
law enforcement creates havens for traffickers,
slipping through the cracks of jurisdictional
divides. Stringent immigration policies compound
their plight, deterring help-seeking. Moreover, the
absence of tailored services leaves survivors
adrift, unable to access vital resources for healing.
Closing these loopholes demands a human-
centered overhaul—bolstering victim support,
strengthening cross-border collaboration, and
providing avenues to secure legal status. Thus
this paper will try to explore the various loopholes
in the legislative measures made for the
commercial sex trafficking victims and will also
recommend how the gap can be narrowed

REVISITING THE POLICIES OF

STATECRAFT: READING “PANCHATANTRA”
AND “ARTHASHASTRA”
Dr. Jayeeta Ray
Associate Professor and HOD
Rabindra Bharati University
The policies of Kautilya’s statecraft as enunciated
in his seminal work Arthashastra is not only read
as a text by people interested in the policies but
also, by the common masses and this is reflected
in the stories of Panchatantra. This paper will try
to analyse the policies and tenets of Athashastra
in the stories of Panchatantra.

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 RIGHT TO CITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN
INDIA: AN URBAN GOVERNANCE
DISCOURSE
Dr. Kamalika Banerjee
Assistant Professor
South Calcutta Girls' College
Right to City and Sustainability in India: An
Urban Governance Discourse. India is often
portrayed as the land of villages but it is also an
accommodation of cities. The legacy of
urbanization in India can be traced since
antiquity; from the days of the Indus Valley
civilization. Despite such an illustrious urban
history, sustainable human rights in Indian cities
are distressed. Right to Cities is an urban
governance-strengthening concept that enhances
inclusivity, participation, and democracy in the
urban arena. In India even after independence
urban governance has been less prioritized. Cities
of this sub-continent grow up without proper
development where there is no balance between
urban augmentation and urban development. In
the era of Sustainable Development Goals a fair,
just, and equitable urban governance is to be
introduced. Rights like having shelter, not to be
forcibly evicted, or access to water and sanitation
to be ensured. ‘Cities for all’ should be the new
Indian urban narrative

ROLE OF HINDU RELIGION TO SECURE

HUMAN AND SOCIAL SECURITY IN INDIA

214
 Ipsita Chakraborty
State Aided College Teacher
South Calcutta Girls' College
Hinduism plays a vital role to secure human and
social responsibility in India since ages. The
principles and teachings of Hinduism provides
vivid picture of brotherhood, peace and social
security among its followers. The concept of
security is as old as human civilization. Human
security is a human right; it refers to the security
of people and communities, as opposed to the
security of states. Human security recognises the
several dimensions related to feeling safe, such as
freedom from fear, freedom from want, and
freedom from indignity. Human security deal with
security for the people (individual or group) rather
than of governmental administration or/and
national state (borders). The Directive Principles
of State Policy, enshrined in Part IV of the Indian
Constitution reflects that India is a welfare state.
Social security in India includes a variety of
statutory insurances and social grant schemes
bundled into a formerly complex and fragmented
system run by the Indian government at the
federal and the state level.

ROLE OF INDIA AS A REGIONAL SECURITY

PROVIDER IN IOR
Beno Jones J
Assistant Professor

215
 SRM Institute of Science and Technology
India is said to be one of the emerging player in
the world and is considered to be the powerful
nation in South Asia. Since 2009 the Government
of India has claiming to be the nett security
provider of the region despite the fact that India
has many bilateral issues and unresolved disputes
with it’s neighbours, extended neighbourhood and
the smaller nations playing the China card
against India. However a new consensus has been
forming between India and most of it’s South
Asian neighbours on the fight against terrorism.
The article aims to study the India’s attempts to
build regional security architecture through a
network of bilateral and regional agreements

ROLE OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT IN

PROTECTING TRIBAL SECURITY
Satabdi Mondal
Senior Research Fellow
Jadavpur University
Indian has a large number of tribal populations as
compared to any other nation states of the world.
In spite of being considered as the first
inhabitant of the nation tribal are deprived of
their basis requirements in their day-to-day
life. They are not only socially, economically
and educationally backward but also face
discrimination at a large scale. They have been
exploited in various forms, from land alienation
to the force displacement from their dwelling

216
place in the name of development. Indian has a
large number of tribal populations as compared to
any other nation states of the world. In spite of
being considered as the first inhabitant of the
nation tribal are deprived of their basis
requirements in their day-to-day life. They are
not only socially, economically and educationally
backward but also face discrimination at a large
scale. They have been exploited in various
forms, from land alienation to the force
displacement from their dwelling place in the
name of development. Indian has a large number
of tribal populations as compared to any other
nation states of the world. In spite of being
considered as the first inhabitant of the nation
tribal are deprived of their basis requirements
in their day-to-day life. They are not only
socially, economically and educationally backward
but also face discrimination at a large scale. They
have been exploited in various forms, from
land alienation to the force displacement from
their dwelling place in the name of development.
The concept of security has evolved through ages
and has changed its meaning from time to time.
The concept sometimes carries an opposite
meaning between the tribal and modern society.
The distinction between tribal and so-called
modern or non-tribal society lies in terms of the
outlook towards life and livelihood. The tribals
prefer to stick to their own sense of values for
years despite all the changes around as they put

217
themselves in a more vulnerable position. The
viewpoints of the modern society completely differ
from that of the tribals. The word development to
the modern society means upgradation and
satisfaction of the society in a broad sense but that
unfortunately it seldom thinks about the groups of
people who carry out their own style of lives and
who are living outside the main stream. Tribal
society conceptualizes security in its own
indigenous way.

ROLE OF WOMEN AND DEMOCRACY IN

INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF BIHAR
Tahira Anjum
Research Scholar
Central University of South Bihar
The paper finds out the relationship between
democracy and the role of women in developing
India. The word “democracy” is supposed to be
translating into equal rights between men and
women. Although the ground of evidence shows
that there is little or no connection between
democracy and levels of women participation. The
achievement of female suffrage by most women
worldwide has shifted towards democratically
constituted leadership. The concept of democracy
is a political system that has been adopted by most
governments worldwide as the best form of
government. It means to increase the role of
women in policy making both at the domestic and
international levels. Therefore the data of women

218
constitute over 50 percent of the world population
yet they are the most marginalized in terms of
politically, economically and socially. The ratio of
seventy percent people in abject poverty living on
less than$1per day in the world is women. Even in
the liberal and industrialized nations men are
financially more endowed than women. Hence
they have a competitive advantage over women in
politics. Even though, women who seek to
participate in political and social position in
society but they are restricted and intimidated by
males. The role of society is also important which
deprives them the opportunity to participate in
politics. The United Nations (UN) in article seven
(7) of the “Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women”
(CEDAW) of 1979 provides for democratic
representation of women in politics. It stipulates
that all countries that are signatories to the
convention and to be eligible for election to all
publicly elected bodies. India had ratified the
convention with two declarations and reservation
but the khap Panchayats and Sharia courts are
not given specific legal sanctity. However, due to
the secular feature of the state constitution, it is
bound by limitations of giving due weight to the
personal laws of all. Although the system of
patriarchy, caste, and feudal oppression combine
to severely lower the status of women in Bihar. It
is high time to pay attention to this aspect,

219
whether women have to improve their status in
society as well as in other walks of life

SAFEGUARDING OUR FUTURE: THE VITAL

ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
Chetan Mohan
Research Scholar
K.R. Mangalam University
Environmental security is crucial for protecting
the integrity of ecosystems, promoting human
well-being, and facilitating sustainable
development. This paper firstly examines the
concept of environmental security, the looming
threats to the environment and the cascading
effects of environmental insecurity. It also touches
upon the strategies which are needed both at
domestic and international level to strengthen
this security. Moreover, the paper highlights the
necessity of global collaboration, strong regulatory
systems, and inventive approaches to strengthen
ecological resilience and foster a balanced
connection between mankind and the
environment. Ultimately, it promotes a
comprehensive approach to environmental
security that combines ecological integrity, social
equality, and economic development.
Environmental protection is the need of the hour
and to a large extent we as humans are
responsible for its degradation, hence all the more
imperative that we fix it before it goes beyond
redemption

220
 SECURING THE DIGITAL FRONTIER: THE
IMPERATIVE OF CYBER GOVERNANCE FOR
HUMAN SECURITY
Sayantan Saha
Research Scholar
University Oof Kalyani
We are living in a digital era, where cyber crime
poses a major threat to human security. Cyber
crime not only impedes individual privacy,
divulges confidential data and engages in
financial fraud but also jeopardises overall
physical and psychological well-being of
individuals in the online environment. By
prioritising on cyber security, one can therefore
safeguard human security more effectively in
contemporary times. Against this backdrop, this
study seeks to explore the changing nature of
cyber crime and the challenges faced by the police
officials who are the first responders to this threat
to human security in the bordering districts of
West Bengal in India. This study is conducted on
the police officials employed at the cyber crime
police station of the two bordering districts viz
Nadia and Murshidabad which share
international borders with the neighbouring
country of Bangladesh. Thirty police officials,
hailing from various designations or ranks and
actively engaged in combating cyber crime are
interviewed to find out about the changing nature
of the crime and the challenges faced by them in

221
dealing with this crime. The study concludes by
providing certain solutions like need for better
training facilities and technological up-gradation
of the police departments as far as countering
cyber crime in West Bengal is concerned

SECURING VULNERABILITY: WOMEN AND

CHILDREN IN CONFLICT ZONES AND
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Harsheen Kour
Student
Indira Gandhi National Open University
This abstract explores the vulnerabilities of
women and children in conflict zones worldwide,
spanning historical atrocities like the Holocaust
and the Rwandan Genocide to contemporary
conflicts such as the Israel-Hamas and Russia-
Ukraine wars. Survivors face enduring trauma,
stigma, and the challenge of rebuilding amidst
destroyed infrastructure. In Somalia, reports from
Human Rights Watch highlight pervasive sexual
violence against internally displaced persons.
Additionally, women and girls in Ukraine grapple
with heightened trafficking, gender-based
violence, and rising poverty levels, with officials
warning that children are disproportionately
impacted by geopolitical battles. UN Secretary-
General Antonio Guterres underscores the urgent
need for comprehensive measures to safeguard
vulnerable populations, emphasizing concerted
international action. Thus, women's & children's

222
security propels the world to focus on new
governmental measures to tackle these scenarios

SECURITY DYNAMICS IN THE GREAT GAME

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE
BRITISH POSITION IN THE TRUCIAL
STATES
Harshana Nikam
Assistant Professor
K. E. T's V. G. Vaze College (Autonomous)
The Great Game, a 19th century strategic rivalry
between the British and Russian empires for
dominance in Central Asia, shaped the
geopolitical landscape of the region. This moniker
alludes to the military interventions and
diplomatic negotiations of both powers to acquire
and redefine territories in Central and South Asia.
This research delves into the security dynamics in
the historical backdrop of the Great Game,
focusing on the pivotal role of Britain’s position in
the Trucial States (modern day United Arab
Emirates). It explores the motivations behind
British engagement in the Great Game, including
its pursuit of strategic interests and efforts to
safeguard imperial territories. Through a
multidisciplinary lens encompassing history,
international relations and security studies, this
research elucidates how historical legacies
continue to influence present-day security
paradigms. Furthermore, the study attempts to
scrutinize Britain's position in the Trucial States

223
by investigating its strategic interests, alliances
and security arrangements in the Gulf region. The
study endeavors to underscore the significance of
historical precedents in shaping regional security
dynamics; exploring the intersection of
geopolitics, imperialism and security in the
broader context of the Great Game

SECURITY IN GOVERNANCE: SPY SYSTEM

IN ANCIENT INDIA
Dr. Debamitra Dey
Associate Professor in Sanskrit
West Bengal Higher Education Service
In the modern era, spy-system is an integral part
of governance of every country. The performance
of loyal and efficient spies often contributes huge
in a country’s success in defence, foreign and army
related policies. Contextually a statement is quite
popular that ‘modern war is a war of espionage.’
As much as a country’s internal and external
security is concerned, it is obvious that the spy-
system must be an unassailable one. This thought
was also conceived and understood by our ancient
scholars and lawmakers to a great extent. In this
paper we will focus about the ancient spy-system
of India as designed by our ancient lawmakers.

SECURITY OF WOMEN IN INDIA:

ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND
IMPLEMENTING MEASURES
Dr. G. Sheela Edward

224
 Assistant Professor
TBML College, Porayar
Bharathidasan University
Women have a deep need to feel safe and secure.
When they do not feel safe they scramble to put
barriers for self protection. Some times the feeling
of being insecure is a legitimate obvious reason.

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS'

PERSPECTIVES ON CULTIVATING LIFE
SKILLS
Saket Bihari
Research Scholar
K. R. Mangalam University Gurugram
Life skills are a broad category of abilities that are
essential for overall growth, such as goals, a sense
of efficacy, and self-worth. This study
acknowledges the changing role of educators
beyond traditional disciplines by examining the
dynamic interplay between the attitudes of senior
secondary school instructors and the development
of life skills in the classroom. The goal of the
research is to identify strategies, obstacles, and
innovations that lead to a deeper educational
experience by examining the intricate interaction
between teacher viewpoints and the incorporation
of life skills into the curriculum. This study
explores the vital relationship that exists between
the attitudes of senior secondary school
instructors and the development of life skills
inside the classroom. Educators face a constantly

225
changing world, and developing successful
techniques to develop students' interpersonal and
personal skills requires an awareness of their
viewpoints. With the goal of examining the
complex interaction between educators' attitudes
and the incorporation of life skills into the
teaching and learning process, this study aims to
shed light on the approaches, difficulties, and
possible innovations that can lead to a more
thorough and significant education by dissecting
the layers of teacher views

SHAPING TOMORROW: THE HUMAN

RIGHTS JOURNEY TOWARDS INCLUSIVE
FUTURE FOR CHILDREN WITH
INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
Hameeda Begum Safavi
PhD Scholar
Galgotias University
The narrative emphasizes the collaborative
nature of empowering children with IDD,
highlighting how communities, policymakers,
educators, and families can work together to
create environments that support and uplift these
children. The narrative serves as a call to action,
encouraging readers to be catalysts for change and
reflecting on how a human rights perspective can
shape policies, practices, and attitudes to
empower children with IDD and contribute to a
truly inclusive and equitable future. This article

226
analyses the human rights environment for
children with intellectual disabilities,
comprehensively evaluating the challenges and
opportunities within a rights-based framework.
The research looks at inclusive education,
healthcare accessibility, and societal viewpoints
through a human rights lens to establish how well
international and state instruments safeguard
these children's rights. The study delves into the
complexities of ensuring this population's dignity,
autonomy, and social inclusion using case studies
and multidisciplinary research. This article aims
to educate awareness of the exclusive necessities
of children with intellectual disabilities and
advocate for policies that promote their rights and
welfare by international human rights standards
by critically evaluating the discourse surrounding
them

SLUM LIVING AND HUMAN SECURITY

Dr. Vaishali Sambodhan Dhammapathee
HOD and Associate Professor
KET's V G Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce (Autonomous)
According to United Nations the world faces many
challenges that threaten people's safety and well-
being. These challenges include wars, natural
disasters, poverty, diseases, and economic crises.
They can worsen each other and cause widespread
suffering, destroying communities and
destabilizing entire regions. The concept of human

227
security is a way to address these issues. The
above-mentioned threats for human security are
widely present in slum living. Even though slums
are everywhere, there is no single agreed-upon
definition for what exactly constitutes a slum.
This absence of a clear definition itself reflects
challenges and complexities surrounding slum
communities. While slum life has been widely
studied, with research on poverty, housing,
education, health, and more, this research paper
tries to focus on review of existing research on
migration, well-being, living conditions, health
challenges faced by slums dwellers which impact
the human security. Also, the paper will discuss
the policy for governance for addressing the issue
of slum living

SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS FROM INDIA:

IMPLICATIONS AND GOVERNANCE
Himayu Pawar
Research Scholar
Rashtriya Raksha University
Gandhinagar Gujarat
Migrant smuggling has emerged as a pressing
issue amid rampant globalisation and migration
trends. Profit-seeking criminals smuggle
migrants worldwide affecting origin, transit and
destination countries. Smuggled migrants subject
to consistent abuse, violence and exploitation.
They migrate perilously violating national and
international law in the search for better

228
opportunities and life. Nevertheless, smuggled
migrants often lost their lives in the process.
Therefore, considering the surge in migration, the
smuggling of migrants has become a major
concern. This paper examines the phenomenon of
smuggling of migrants originating from India, its
implications on human and national security, and
the governance mechanism to mitigate the issue.
This is a qualitative study based on case studies
of Indian migrants smuggled worldwide, news
articles and already published reports and papers.
Findings suggest that due to socioeconomic
drivers, unsafe homeland, prospects etc., people
embark on precarious ventures derived by profit-
driven smugglers. Smuggled migrants sometimes
die in transit and suffer trauma and violence.
Furthermore, the destination country faces severe
illegal migrant issues and infringement. This
paper recommends multi-faceted and
collaborative efforts to deal with this menace.

SOFT POWER OF INDIA VIS A VIS SDG

GOALS
Dr. Suman Maurya
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science
University of Rajasthan
The concept of human security represents a
departure from orthodox security studies, which
focus on the security of the state. The subjects of
the human security approach are individuals, and

229
its end goal is the protection of people from
traditional (i.e., military) and nontraditional
threats such as poverty and disease. Moving the
security agenda beyond state security does not
mean replacing it but rather involves
complementing and building on it. Central to this
approach is the understanding that human
security deprivations can undermine peace and
stability within and between states, whereas an
overemphasis on state security can be detrimental
to human welfare. The state remains a central
provider of security, but state security is not a
sufficient condition for human welfare but also its
duty of mankind and societal applications also
being includes.

SOVEREIGN DEMOCRACY: A RUSSIAN

VARIANT OF DEMOCRACY
Dr. Kritanjali Saikia
Assistant Professor
Bihpuria College, Assam
There is no consensus among scholars about the
concept of democracy. There are different views of
democracy, but many western scholars assume
liberal democracy as political participation, free
and fair elections and liberal rights with inclusion
of social and economic rights. There are some
features or elements to measure western liberal
democracy, such as equality, freedom,
representation, religious toleration, transparency,
accountability, responsibility, participation, good

230
governance and sustainability. According to
western understanding of liberal democracy if one
country practices all these than it can be called as
liberal democracy. But the concept of democracy is
itself debatable. Western democracy is being
questioned by Russia and some other countries
like China, Venezuela, and Philippines for trying
to impose a particular style of democracy on
others. At the same time it has been criticised as
it undermine local, alternative forms of democracy
as seen in case of Color Revolutions in Kyrgyzstan,
Ukraine and Belarus. Non-westerners believe
that one country should be able to implement their
own version of a government and social structure
that suits their cultures and beliefs. The only
thing that should be adhered to is giving all
citizens the same equal rights and opportunities.
Critics argue that as democracy works differently
in different cultures. This is why Western style of
democracy doesn't necessarily work for countries
outside of the Western world because they do not
know what to expect or how to go about setting up
their own democracies in ways that best suit their
needs to build an alternative stable government.
Russia, China, North Korea, and Venezuela, all
former communist blocs, favour non-Western
democracy. As non-Western democracy has grown
in popularity, the emergence of a post-Western
international order has become more
straightforward. Many scholars from former
communist bloc argue that as Western liberal

231
democracy has become non credible. Therefore
developing countries should follow non-Western
political system. A variety of causes have
contributed to the birth of the concept of non-
Western democracy. To begin with, Western
liberal democracy's poor performance in the 1990s
in countries such as Turkey and Russia. Failure to
tackle many issues, like migration, global
warming, and separatist movements have
resulted in frustration among citizens in Western
countries. Second reason is the rise of non-
Western powers like Russia, China. With
increasing economic power they also started to
promote their own ideas. Discourse on non-
western democracy has prominence among the
debates about the post-Western world order. As
new countries are rising they are denying
following Western democracy because these
countries want to enjoy their sovereignty at best.
In the West, liberalism arrived first than
democracy and economic modernity came,
elsewhere democracy and economic modernity
arrived without prior centuries of liberalism. The
principle of sovereignty has recognized by the
Russian constitution of 1993. The preamble
stresses the revival of “the sovereign statehood of
Russia”. As Russia has a unique history, culture
and civilizations, it practices that kind of
democracy which best serves the country’s
interest. The notion of sovereign democracy
achieved prominence in the wake of the “Beslan

232
School hostage crisis” in September 2004. On
February 7, 2006, Vladislav Surkov delivered a
speech to students at United Russia's Centre for
Party Personnel Training. Later on, the concept of
sovereign democracy gained traction. Russian
youth movement Nashi was inspired by the
ideology of ‘sovereign democracy’ which was
created to support President Vladimir Putin.
Many scholars argue that it is an outcome of
Colour revolutions. According to the concept of
‘Sovereign democracy’ a states social condition
and culture determine sovereignty and
democracy. Russia believes that there should not
be any trick by West to undermine Russia’s
political philosophical and institutions.
International problems like, the struggle for
energy resources, global competition, Color
revolutions and attempts by certain countries to
limit the sovereignty of others are at the heart of
sovereign democracy.

SPORTS IN INDIA: UNDERSTANDING

KHELO INDIA
Nutan Marian Tigga
Assistant Professor
Jadavpur University
We live in an advanced time, where connectivity
and fast internet makes the world spin a little
faster. In this fast-changing world, new
innovations and initiatives have been introduced
by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi. One

233
such initiative began in 2017-18 called “khelo
India” scheme. Khelo India provides a platform to
grassroots athletes and builds sports
infrastructure across India, resulting in turning
India into a sporting nation. This paper engages
to understand Khelo India in Sociological
perspective and attempt to understand the
complex relationship between sports and society.
The study also focuses on achievements and
challenges of this programme

SRILANKAN TAMIL REFUGEES IN LNDIA

Dr. Priti Chahal
Associate Professor
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College
University of Delhi
The Refugee Problem is one of the most tragic
phenomenon of our age.It is a matter of subject to
acute international concern.The twentieth
century has been described as the “century of the
homeless man”or “the century of uprooted
“because of a tremendous increase in the number
of refugees around the world especially in the
South Asia region, Because South Asia hosts
nearly 17 percent of the total population, that
demands direct concern of the international
community.Except for the Maldives,all the
countries in the region are either the source of
refugees or have become their hosts. This study
deals with Srilankan Tamil Refugees in India and
political, social and economic challenges created

234
by these refugees in front of host state in
Tamilnadu and Government of India. The
presence of ethnic Refugees, particularly resulting
from ethnic strife in home country,
exacerbates,consolidates or even politicizes
ethnicity in the host country. Srilankan Tamil
Refugees have shoia Tendency to indulge in petty
crimes and this become a part of the local under
world and criminal groups in the host
country.Srilankan Refugees are financial burden
for India.The yearly expenditure incurred by the
governments of both India and the local one at
Tamilnadu on all of these provisions for the
Refugees ran into tens of crores of rupees every
year.23 July 2023 was mark the 40 years since the
outbreak of civil war in Srilanka

STUDYING THE IMPACT OF

INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON THE
HUMAN SECURITY OF RUSSIA CITIZENS
AND THE LEGAL JUSTIFICATIONS BEHIND
THESE SANCTIONS
Rajinder Singh
Research Scholar
Punjabi University Patiala
This research paper explores the complex
interplay between international sanctions and
human security, with a specific focus on Russian
citizens. It critically evaluates the legal
justifications for these sanctions, probing their
effectiveness and ethical implications. The study

235
employs an analytical and exploratory research
methodology, leveraging both qualitative and
quantitative data to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the issue. It investigates the
direct and indirect impacts of sanctions on various
facets of human security, including economic
stability, health, and social cohesion. The paper
also scrutinizes the international laws and
treaties that sanctioning bodies, such as the UN
and EU, utilize to justify their actions. It posits
that while these sanctions are intended to foster
global peace and security, they may inadvertently
undermine the human security of ordinary
citizens. The research concludes by proposing
policy recommendations to alleviate the negative
effects of sanctions on human security, while still
holding states accountable for their actions

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND

HOLISTIC APPROACH IN GANDHIAN VIEW
Dr. Urmil Vats
Associate Professor
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College
University of Delhi
Gandhian theory is important to sustainability
because its holistic approach fully emphasizes
self- reliance, decentralized management and
environmental awareness. His approach is a
wider range of feelings, values and action. Holistic
development highlights the value of spiritual and
cultural dimensions. This approach embraces the

236
ethical and moral foundation for harmonious
society. Holistic love of Gandhi fully covered the
theme of vasudev kutumbakam .It includes the
social, economic and environmental aspects to
meet the current needs without compromising the
coming future generation. In Gandhian
perspective the community development is a
system in which a plan of action to achieve a long
term goal.Its objective to raise the level of human
life by incorporating the thoughts and
ideology.During the freedom movement Gandhi ji
played a pivotal role as a social reformer,as a
charismatic leader, as a teacher and as a
revolutionary.They believed that we cannot be
divided the life on the basis of like
moral,religious,political economic and social,if one
section deprive,others automatically deprive.
Gandhian philosophy is a model of norms and
values, expansion of women's rights, easing
poverty,ending untouchability,building nation on
the spirit of fraternity.In the present scenario
when the whole nation has been celebrating the
75th Aajadi ka Amrit Mahotsav then I realize its
a time of rethinking in deep sense that how can
we contribute more to fulfill the dreams of Gandhi
ji.A vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 encourage to
cultivate social responsibility and a sense of duty
towards the whole community.Ultimately
Gandhian Philosophy is a approach of love and
sustainable development which offers a profound
vision of economic growth through empowering

237
the local communities,emphasis on education,
remedy to resolve the environmental problems
and encourage the individual as well as society to
believe in the theory of simple living and high
thinking.

SYNERGIZING TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION: EMPOWERING INDIA'S
DEFENCE SYSTEMS AND AATMANIRBHAR
BHARAT VISION
Richa Tokas
PhD Scholar
O. P. Jindal Global University
This Paper examines the role of technological
innovation in enhancing India's defence
capabilities and advancing the Aatmanirbhar
Bharat vision. Through a comprehensive analysis
of India's defence landscape, modernization
efforts, and policy initiatives, the study explores
the significance of self-sufficiency in defence
manufacturing. Key findings highlight the
importance of reducing reliance on defence
imports, promoting domestic production, and
fostering defence exports to safeguard India's
sovereignty and contribute to global peace and
stability. The study concludes that while progress
has been made, ongoing reforms and innovation
are essential for achieving self-reliance while
maintaining strategic collaborations for access to
cutting-edge technologies.

238
 THE BISHNOIS: A LIVING EXAMPLE OF
SUSTAINABILITY
Arpita Joshi
Assistant Professor and Coordinator
KET's V G Vaze College (Autonomous)
Nature is the foundation which has nurtured
human existence historically. Knowing this,
humans have respected various forces of nature in
varied ways as a mark of gratitude. However with
increasing population and human greed, these
forces are under immense pressure. To combat the
adverse effects several measures are being
undertaken. One of which is the United Nations
"Sustainable Development Goals" which act as
guiding principles of social, economic and
environmental sustainability. This holistic
approach is already adopted by the Bishnoi
community in India. This paper attempts to
highlight linkages of sustainable practices of the
community exhibited in literature. The paper also
attempts to shine light upon the Bishnoi
community as a living example of a sustainable
community

THE EFFECTS OF CARBON EMISSIONS ON

HUMAN HEALTH: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
BASED ON INDIA DATA
Dr. Hitesh
Assistant Professor
Fairfield Institute of Management & Technology

239
Carbon emissions generate pollution to the air,
water, and land etc. which is harmful for human
health. The aim of the paper is to determine the
relationship among the carbon emission and
fertility rate, maternal mortality rate and health
spending. The data has been taken from the world
bank and macrotrends. The period of data has
been covered from 2000 to 2024. The paper uses
the carbon emissions as the exogenous variable,
and the fertility rate, maternal mortality rate and
health spending as endogenous variables.
Methods/models have been used; i) descriptive
statistics, random walk model, Durbin Watson
test, Engle Granger casualty test to detect
stationarity, autocorrelation of the time series
data respectively; ii) to examine the relationship
between independent and dependent variables,
bivariate and multiple regression model are used.
Results will be included after calculation

THE GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN RURAL

DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Manjunatha J
Research Scholar
Tumkur University, Tumakuru
Rural development is essential to the economic
and social well-being of a country. Governments
play a key role in rural development by providing
infrastructure, investing in education and
healthcare, and promoting economic
opportunities. The government can provide

240
infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and
schools, to improve connectivity and access to
essential services. It can also invest in education
and healthcare to improve the quality of life for
rural residents. Additionally, the government can
promote economic opportunities, such as
agriculture, tourism, and small businesses, to
create jobs and boost the rural economy. To
effectively play its role in rural development, the
government needs to work with local communities
to identify their needs and priorities. It also needs
to coordinate with other stakeholders, such as the
private sector and NGOs, to ensure that its efforts
are complementary and sustainable. The
government's role in rural development is
evolving as technology and climate change
continue to change the landscape. In the future,
the government will need to focus on providing
digital infrastructure, investing in climate-
resilient agriculture, and promoting gender
equality in rural areas. This study is based on
Primary and secondary data collected from
different journals, magazines various books, and
websites.

THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES: ITS

IMPORTANCE AND APPLICABILITY FOR
THE PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF
INTERNALLY DISPLACED WOMEN OF
ASSAM
Dr. Sumana Das

241
 Associate Professor
B. Borooah College
Since independence India has continuously
experienced outbreaks of armed conflict and
problems of internal security. Armed conflict and
ethnically based inter community strife has led to
widespread population displacement in Jammu
and Kashmir, Gujarat and in some states of North
East. Various states of Northeast India have been
experiencing the problem of population
displacement caused by conflict over territory,
identity, and economic and political control among
various ethnic groups. Amongst all, largest
population displacement has been faced by
Assam. When one talks of IDPs in Assam today,
one mostly refers to thousands of displaced
population in western part of Assam, specially the
areas like Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon and Goalpara.
The violent ethnic riots between the majority
Bodos and Santhals in Assam’s Bodo heartland of
Kokrajhar and its adjoining areas displaces more
than 300 thousand people since 1993. For long
years these displaced people are living in so called
relief camps. Though relief policies are executed in
some places but that too very slow and
insufficient. Women have always been of great
concern in displacement. But it is seen that in
policy making stage their problems are often
ignored and they, especially, women are excluded
from consultation and decision-making process
during displaced situation as well as for

242
rehabilitation packages. Women’s interests are
systematically ignored in resettlement processes
because transactions are invariably undertaken
with the male members. Consequently,
compensation packages ignore women and
women’s need around water, fuel and fodder.
International Community has taken number of
steps to raise the level of awareness about the
plight of IDPs and to address their needs. One
such promising initiative in this regard is a body
of Principles entitled “ Guiding Principles”.
Guiding Principles, compilation of 30 principles,
identify the rights and facilities that can prevent
arbitrary displacement and address the needs of
the IDPs in terms of protection, assistance and
solutions. Though these principles are not a draft
declaration on the rights of IDPs, but they reflect
and are consistent with international human
rights law and international humanitarian law.
This paper explores the nature of IDPs of western
Assam and how this Guiding Principles are
applicable to their situation. It also will try to
evaluate the IDP women’s right to relief and
rehabilitation on the basis of Guiding principles

THE HUMAN SECURITY IN INDIA AND THE

LAW OF THE LAND
Dr. Chandrabhanu Bharas
Assistant Professor
Gautam Buddha University, UP

243
 The concept of human security and the law of the
land have a very close relationship right from the
advent of the modern state system. In every
country of the world, security of human beings is
of paramount importance and is in the centre of
the law making. Laws are made by the legislative,
implemented by the executive and interpreted by
the judiciary giving ultimate importance to the
human security alone. In fact, the sphere of state
activity cannot be thought out in the absence of
human security. The advent of the state had an
intrinsic link with the human security and the
law. The state was never made for giving an outer
boundary line to the country or providing
sentinels across the borders. It was made simply
for human security and wellbeing of citizens. How
to provide security to the human beings thus, was
the main objective of the state. Such a question
made the people of India to form their own
country. This question was answered in India,
when the Constitution of India was enforced after
Independence of the Country. The Constitution of
India as the Law of the Land ensured that the idea
of human security is in the center of all the
activities of the state and the makers did not leave
any stone unturned to include a set of
Fundamental Rights for the overall protection of
individual citizens. So, for the last seventy-five
years, the Constitution of India is protecting the
individual citizens and their human security as

244
well as the state authority invariably and
unconditionally

THE IMPERATIVE OF COPYRIGHT

MODERNIZATION FOR FOSTERING
INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA'S CREATIVE
INDUSTRIES
Sreelakshmi
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The increasing inadequacy of legal frameworks for
copyright protection, particularly in India, has left
creators vulnerable to exploitation, especially in
cinematography, performers' rights, and music.
The subjective nature of creative expressions
makes copyrighting challenging. In the digital
age, piracy and illegal distribution of movies and
artworks have caused significant financial losses
to producers and artists, undermining their
financial stability and professional growth.
Outdated copyright laws exacerbate this issue,
failing to protect rights effectively in the digital
era. This study comprehensively analyzes digital
piracy challenges in cinematography, music, and
performers' rights, highlighting the urgent need
for updated legislation and more robust
enforcement mechanisms. The objective is to
integrate international copyright standards with
Indian laws, emphasizing human capital

245
development and fair artist compensation. The
research employs a descriptive and qualitative
methodology, providing policy and legal reform
suggestions to bridge gaps in existing laws. By
addressing these issues, the study aims to shape
the future of copyright protection in India,
ensuring creators receive fair compensation and
their rights are safeguarded. Innovative
approaches and technology-based solutions are
crucial for accurately capturing and protecting
artistic works
.
THE NEXUS OF NARCOTICS AND TERROR
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY:
SECURING INDIA’S NORTH-EAST FROM
GOLDEN TRIANGLE
Lav Kumar
PhD Scholar
Central University of Gujarat
& Dr. Siba Sankar Mohanty
Assistant Professor
Centre for Diaspora Studies
Central University of Gujarat
The security landscape of Northeast India is
confronted by a multifaceted challenge with
convergence of illicit drug trafficking and
insurgency. The Golden Triangle regions are
renowned as the primary hubs for opium
production in Southeast Asia and northeastern
states like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur,
Mizoram, and Nagaland bear the blunt of drug

246
trafficking from this region. The proximity of
northeast India to the Golden Triangle
significantly impacts the security of the region
and India as a whole. The nexus of narcotics and
insurgent/criminal groups poses a direct threat
not only to state stability but also to the safety and
well-being of its citizens. Northeast India is
grappling with the issues of increased civilian
fatalities over various issues including ethnic
conflict, insurgency events, and health issues such
as HIV/AIDS. The paper explores the relationship
of narcotics, insurgency, organized crime, drug
abuse, and the spread of disease. The paper also
tries to analyze the existence of Golden Triangle
and its impact on northeast India.

THE NOT SO CONCEALED CRIME:

COMPARATIVE EXPLORATION OF MARITAL
RAPE IN INDIA AND THE WORLD
Dr. Amrita Banerjee
Assistant Professor (Stage-II)
Bidhan Chandra College (Asansol)
Under Kazi Nazrul University
Marital rape in India represents a grave and
pervasive crisis deeply rooted in cultural norms,
legal ambiguities, and societal attitudes. This
research paper critically examines the issue,
conducting a comparative analysis with the
United States, the United Kingdom, and South
Africa to provide a comprehensive understanding
and potential solutions. Our findings reveal that

247
India's legal framework is marred by ambiguity,
hindering victims' ability to seek justice. Societal
attitudes perpetuate silence and victim-blaming,
contributing to the underreporting of marital
rape. The consequences, both physical and
psychological, are severe. Comparatively, the
selected countries have made significant strides in
addressing marital rape through legal reforms,
awareness campaigns, and support systems.
These experiences offer valuable insights for
India. The paper recommends comprehensive
legal reform, awareness campaigns, support
systems, international collaboration, and societal
dialogues to combat marital rape effectively. By
learning from global experiences and
implementing evidence-based policies, India can
work towards a society where spousal sexual
violence is unequivocally condemned, survivors
find support, and justice prevails. Addressing this
crisis is not just a legal obligation but a moral
imperative for India and the global community

THE RECENT TREND OF PRIVATE SCHOOL

TEACHERS IN MAHARASHTRA
Dr. Kaluram Babusha Dhore
Assistant Professor
CKT Arts, Commerce & Science College
New Panvel (Autonomous)
The official definition of education, according to
the Oxford Dictionary, is the process of
instructing, training, and learning, typically

248
within educational institutions like schools,
colleges, or universities, with the aim of
enhancing knowledge and acquiring skills. A
teacher, defined as someone who imparts
knowledge and guidance, plays a crucial role in
shaping lives, igniting aspirations, and pushing
the boundaries of human capability. Teachers
serve as model figures for children, offering
mentorship, commitment, and empowering them
through education. The social and economic
development of nations hinges significantly on the
dedication and expertise of teachers. In India, the
role of teachers has always been respected
because many great teachers in the country have
made massive contribution to the field of
education. From the timeless wisdom of Chankya
to the inspirational mentorship of Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam, our nation is blessed with individuals who
serve as profound sources of motivation. Dr,
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Savitribai Phule,
Madan Mohan Malviya, Rabindranath Tagore,
Swami Vivekananda, Gautam Buddha, Swami
Dayananda Saraswati, Munshi Prem Chand were
some of the great teachers of India.

THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN V.

FREEDOM OF THE PRESS: AN INDIAN
PERSPECTIVE
Shriya Badgaiyan
PhD Scholar
Hidayatullah National Law University

249
 Raipur, Chhattisgarh
The Right to be Forgotten (RTBF) is an evolving
legal concept aimed at enabling individuals to
have their personal data removed from public
access under certain conditions. In India, the
RTBF intersects significantly with media
reporting, raising complex issues of privacy,
freedom of expression and public interest. This
manuscript tend to explore the legal foundations
and implications of RTBF in the Indian context,
particularly in relation to media organizations.
The RTBF in India is grounded in the landmark
Puttaswamy judgment, which affirmed the right
to privacy as a fundamental right under the
Indian Constitution. However, balancing this
right against the freedom of the press, which is
also constitutionally protected, presents
significant challenges. Media organizations must
navigate ethical dilemmas and practical
difficulties in responding to RTBF requests, such
as ensuring compliance while maintaining the
integrity of historical records and public interest
reporting. Regulatory frameworks, including
provisions in the proposed Personal Data
Protection Bill, aim to provide guidelines for the
enforcement of RTBF. The role of the Data
Protection Authority and the judiciary in
arbitrating conflicts between privacy and free
speech is crucial. This paper examines case
studies and legal precedents to illustrate how
RTBF has been applied in media contexts,

250
highlighting the ongoing tension between
individual rights and societal needs. The analysis
also considers the technological aspects of
implementing RTBF, including the use of
algorithms and digital tools for data removal.
Overall, the RTBF presents a complex but
necessary discourse in balancing individual
privacy with the imperatives of a free and
informed society in India

THE RIGHTS OF THE THIRD GENDER IN

INDIA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
TRANSGENDER PERSONS (PROTECTION OF
RIGHTS) ACT, 2019
Dr. Priyanka Singh
Assistant Professor
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya
There are abundant stories, examples and
matters found in Indian culture, tradition and
literature regarding transgender people and
communities. But the community was totally
invisible in the public and legal spheres in
independent India before the enactment of the Act
related to the protection of the rights of the third
gender community. After a long fight and struggle
of the community, the Transgender Persons
(Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 and Transgender
Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules, 2020, came
into existence. But sometimes societal norms and
traditions are more prevalent and strong than
legal provisions. In this sense, the path of the

251
third gender community does not seem
straightforward after the enactment of the Act.
This paper tries to outline the struggle of the third
gender community in independent India and
highlights the significance of the act in securing
the social, political, economic, and educational
rights of the community. The paper also analyses
the challenges before the implementation of the
Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act,
2019 and Transgender Persons (Protection of
Rights) Rules, 2020

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ACHIEVING

THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Muniswamy B K
Research Scholar
Mansarovar Global University
Sehore, Madhya Pradesh
Education plays a crucial role in achieving
sustainable development goals (SDGs) by
fostering awareness, knowledge, and skills
necessary for sustainable practices. This paper
explores the specific contributions of education to
sustainable development in the context of India.
By reviewing literature and analyzing available
data, it highlights educational initiatives and
their impacts on environmental conservation,
economic growth, and social equity. The findings
underscore the need for integrated educational
approaches that empower individuals and

252
communities to participate actively in sustainable
development efforts. The study concludes with
recommendations for future research and policy
interventions to enhance the role of education in
achieving SDGs in India

THE ROLE OF NON-STATE ACTORS IN

ARMED CONFLICTS AND THEIR
RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW,
INCLUDING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR
REGULATING THE CONDUCT OF ARMED
GROUPS AND THE CHALLENGES OF
ENFORCING ACCOUNTABILITY
Mohammed Raihan
Student
Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
A new era in healthcare has started with the swift
integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in
medical diagnostics, which promises increased
efficiency and accuracy in diagnosis. However,
this technological development has important
ethical and legal ramifications that call for careful
consideration and action. This study explores the
legal environment around AI-assisted medical
diagnostics in India, pointing out important legal
gaps and making thorough recommendations for a
future-focused legislative framework. The Indian
legal system, which is based on laws like the
Consumer Protection Act of 2019 and the Indian

253
Medical Council (Professional Conduct, Etiquette
and Ethics) Regulations of 2002, does not
specifically address the subtleties of AI-assisted
medical diagnoses. Concerns concerning
responsibility and patient recourse in situations of
misdiagnosis or unfavourable results are brought
up by this regulatory vacuum. In order to protect
patient safety and provide responsibility for
stakeholders, the study highlights the need for
precise criteria and standards to be followed
during the creation, testing, and implementation
of AI-based diagnostic tools. There are a lot of
ethical issues with AI in medical diagnosis, such
as algorithmic bias, privacy issues, and patient
autonomy. These problems are exacerbated by the
absence of clear laws and policies controlling the
application of AI in healthcare in India. The study
emphasises the necessity of reassessing moral
standards, developing human resources, and
doing empirical research in order to provide solid
guidelines for laws and regulations. Policymakers,
legal experts, healthcare practitioners, and
technology developers must work together to build
a thorough legal and ethical foundation for AI in
medical diagnosis. This include multidisciplinary
information exchange, public awareness
initiatives, and stakeholder consultations.
Building the capability and providing training to
legal and medical experts is also considered
necessary to help them manage the complexity of
AI in medical diagnosis and maintain public trust.

254
The study emphasises the need for rules to protect
sensitive medical data processed by AI systems
and recognises the significant problem of data
privacy and security surrounding AI-based
medical diagnostics. A complete data protection
policy in India is intended to be established by the
upcoming Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019;
but, further modifications may be required to
particularly address the special difficulties
presented by AI in healthcare. Based on the
findings, the study suggests that in order to
successfully handle the ethical and legal issues
related to AI in medical diagnostics in India, post-
market surveillance systems, specialised liability
frameworks, and multidisciplinary research
partnerships should be established. In order to
support equitable access and outcomes in
healthcare, it also emphasises how urgent it is to
include AI-related training into medical school
curriculum and to encourage inclusive AI
development and deployment. Therefore, this
study presents an exhaustive examination of the
legal liability and presents a strategy for
constructing a strong legal and ethical structure
that optimises the use of AI in medical diagnostics
while guaranteeing patient autonomy and
responsibility. The study's conclusions have wide-
ranging effects on legislators, medical
professionals, AI developers, and patients. They
support the adoption of preventative measures to

255
regulate the rapidly developing field of AI-assisted
medical diagnostics in India

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN

NATIONAL SECURITY: A THEORETICAL
AND PRACTICAL ANALYSIS
Shashwata Sahu
PhD Scholar
KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar
The convergence of public health and national
security has grown progressively following
worldwide health emergencies. The objective of
this research is to comprehensively examine the
role of public health in national security
frameworks, both in theory and in practice. The
study employs a doctrinal approach to examine
the incorporation of public health policies into
national security objectives by analyzing current
literature, legislative frameworks, and case
studies. The discussion emphasizes the difficulties
and possibilities that arise from this convergence,
namely in terms of readiness for pandemics and
prevention of bioterrorism. The findings of the
paper indicate that strong public health systems
are crucial for maintaining national security. It
concludes by providing policy proposals aimed at
improving health security

THE SECURITIZATION OF MIGRATION:

BALANCING NATIONAL SECURITY AND
HUMAN RIGHTS

256
 Liya Sarah Philip
Research Scholar
VIT
The study investigates the escalating
contradiction between representing migration as
a matter of national security and fulfilling the
basic human rights of migrants and refugees.
Through an assessment of political rhetoric and
media illustrations, the study deconstructs the
securitization of migration as a danger,
investigating the past and present record of this
argumentation. Additionally, it considers in depth
the corresponding infringement of human rights
associated with the increased control of borders,
which has manifested and evolved into denying
access, coercive conditions in detention, and
familial reunification measures. The study also
examines how limitations have been put on the
recognized right to claim asylum. The
implications of such a critique lead the project to
find ways to achieve a more balanced policy. I will
look into alternative strategies of border control,
which are based on a dual commitment to security
and human rights: international agreements on
opening legal pathways for migration, more
sensitive screening processes, etc. The paper will
also demonstrate an important possibility of
international cooperation in addressing the cause
of migration, which eventually allows for a more
humane global policy in this field. This research
uses in-depth case studies and an assessment of

257
the economic and social costs of human rights
abuses at the border to address the ethical
conundrum confronted with prioritizing the duty
of the government to ensure national security over
constitutional rights to life and dignity. This
project thus aims to address very critical
questions that have great meaning in today’s
globalized world, including the following: under
what conditions may the securitization of
migration uphold human rights abuses? Can
effective border security be performed without
compromising the core human rights of migrants
and refugees? Can international law enforce a
mechanism of liability for the violations
committed at the border? The following research
touches on a crucially important modern problem
and will be of substantial value to policymakers,
human rights promoters, and scientists who are
seeking resolutions to this issue.

THE STRUGGLE OF LANDLESS WORKERS’

MOVEMENT (MST) TO BUILD IDEOLOGIES
AND DISCOURSES FOR RIGHT OF LAND
AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN BRAZIL
Dr. Virendra Kumar Gandhi
Assistant Professor
MGGC Mayabunder
&
Reshma Gupta
Research Scholar
Bansathali Vidyapith

258
The Brazilian Landless Workers Movement
(MST) is a well-known social and civic movement
that is highly active across Brazil and all of Latin
America. Since 1985, the movement has been
actively organising to combat extreme inequality
in Brazil. By giving land to the poor and landless,
this movement, which was based on liberation
theology, actively contributed to the realisation of
the right to land as it was outlined in Brazil's 1985
Constitution. This movement advocated non-
violently for this right in Brazil and connected
land rights with human rights. In a democratic
Brazil, new elements of human rights breaches
and threats to land rights are examined in this
essay. This essay examines the difficulty of
upholding land rights, MST's fight with upholding
land rights, and persistent breaches of human
rights over the course of the conflict. This paper
concludes with an organisational analysis of the
MST, a thorough investigation of human rights
rhetoric in Brazil's human rights sector.

SUSTAINABILITY: A WAY TO
ENVIRONMENT SECURITY
Dr Subhash Sihag
Assistant Professor of English
Govt. College, Bhattu Kalan
Sustainability has come to carry new hopes and
ideals in a world where we are busy in calling
conferences, organizing seminars and making
policies without realizing, implementing and

259
putting them into practice. If we really want
sustainable development, we need to support
people’s needs, not their greed. Out mother earth
cannot supply the natural resources ceaselessly to
meet out the needs of rapidly growing population
at global level. Sustainability is possible if each
individual practices a sustainable lifestyle. It
moves the mood, shorten the stress, encourage the
mental equilibrium and extend the ecstasy and
exuberance of existence, advocating the use of
foresight and prudence, intellect and intelligence
in dealing with the environmental issues.
Sustainability of resources is possible through
environmental adjustment and management,
human surveillance and accountability. Collective
as well as individual efforts of people are required
for sustainable development of the natural
resources. This paper deals with the various
environmental issues and how to cope up with
them. After reviewing a number of research paper
& articles published in various prominent books,
it was found that sustainability is the only way of
human survival on this earth

TRACING THE ROOTS OF COVID-19 IN

MALTHUSIAN THEORY: ECOLOGICAL
LINKS AND SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES
WITH A FOCUS ON INDIA
Sovik Mukherjee
Assistant Professor in Economics
St. Xavier's University, Kolkata

260
The paper puts forward two research questions.
First, can the COVID-19 pandemic be described as
a sort of neo-Malthusian event? The second
research question is how do we situate the
COVID-19 pandemic in the wider context of
sustainability and development? In the paper, the
author argues that though the pressure of
population is not a significant explanatory factor
for the occurrence of COVID-19. Hence, not a
Malthusian event. But the event still has a Neo-
Malthusian message that the paper describes in
terms of sustainable development. For the second
research question, the paper explains the
fundamental source of the problem of COVID-19
as India experienced - is the disruption of
ecological balance between human appropriation
of resources of the biosphere and bio-capacity of
our ecosystem which transformed into an issue of
life vs. livelihood. The paper ends with comments
on the future sustainability of India’s growth
trajectory in the post-COVID era

TRACING THE TRAJECTOTRY OF INDIA’S

MARITIME SECURITY POLICY IN THE
INDIAN OCEAN REGION IN 21ST CENTURY
Ankit Kumar
PhD Research Scholar
Amity University, Noida
India’s maritime security policy perspective
during bipolar world order is discern through its
sea blindness syndrome. The emergence of

261
globalisation and the shift in global politics,
wherein Indian Ocean emerge as a potential
theatre and more likely to have role in shaping the
future discourse of global politics has explicit
impact on the India’s maritime policy perspective
as well. Following the shift in world order and the
emergence of 21st century saw India’s overarching
emphasis on its maritime policy perspective and is
reflected through the launch of numerous
maritime doctrine and proactive engagements in
the Indian Ocean region. Despite having
numerous initiatives what else India need to be
done to strengthen its leverage in the Indian
Ocean region amid the increasing turbulence. For
a more profound and comprehensive
understanding of the trajectory of India’s
maritime security policy. This paper seeks to
examine the changing perspectives of India’s
maritime security policy. Moreover, the paper
deals specifically how maritime security policy
has role in ensuring the status of India as a benign
power in the contemporary global politics.

TRADITIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES TO

INDIA IN GLOBALIZED MULTILATERAL
WORLD: IN SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE
THREAT POSED BY CHINA
Dr. Palu Joshi
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science
Kanoria PG Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jaipur

262
The international world order today is not just
globalized but also multilateral. A nation- state
may be at loggerheads with another, but will also
share some international platform together. A
point in case here is India and the People’s
Republic of China. While being traditional rivals,
countries are closely associated on various
international fora like BRICS, SCO, the Mekong
Ganga Cooperation and G-20. The volume of trade
between the countries is US$115.83 billion. But at
the same time, repeated Chinese incursion in the
Indian Territory, the Belt and Road Initiative and
China’s constant opposition to India’s candidature
for a permanent seat in the Security Council
remain the major challenges in bilateral relations.
India’s ambition to emerge as a Global player in
the 21st Century and related power games propel
it to join strategic alliances like QUAD to
counterbalance its oriental neighbor. However,
the real question here lies that of sovereignty.
Maintaining the sovereignty of Indian state vis a
vis the Chinese onslaughts and striking a balance
between the bilateral interest is the major focus of
India’s foreign policy. This paper attempts to
inquire into this problem and suggest the possible
policy options

TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD: THE

AGENDA 2030 FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Pradip Karmakar

263
 State Aided College Teacher
S. F. S. Mahavidyalaya
Sustainable development is an approach to
growth and human development that aims to meet
the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs. The aim of Sustainable Development Goals
2030 is “Transforming the World.” This initiative’s
primary objective is to promote a healthy and
progressive future for all the people on the planet.
It includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and 169 global targets, and describes itself
as a transformative plan of action for people,
planet and all countries and all stakeholders will
implement. It calls for action by all countries,
poor, rich and middle-income. Member States
pledge that as they embark on this collective
journey, no one will be left behind. The ‘five Ps’—
people, planet, prosperity, peace, and
partnership—capture the broad scope of the
agenda. This article highlights poverty
eradication as the overarching goal of the new
development agenda and has at its core the
integration of the economic, social and
environmental dimensions of sustainable
development

UNCOVERING INJUSTICE: THE PLIGHT OF

MIGRANT WORKERS AND UNPAID LABOR
Ashina Hussain
Student

264
 Christ (Deemed to be University)
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
The protection of migrant workers' rights is a
significant issue globally. This research study
investigates the pervasive issue of unpaid wages
among migrant workers, shedding light on the
implications for individuals and societies.
Through a comprehensive analysis of existing
literature, case studies, and statistical data, this
study explores the root causes of unpaid wages,
the industries most affected, and the socio-
economic factors exacerbating this phenomenon in
India. Additionally, it investigates the legal
frameworks in place to protect migrant workers'
rights and the effectiveness of enforcement
mechanisms. Furthermore, the study examines
the psychological, financial, and social
ramifications experienced by migrant workers
who are denied their rightful wages. By
synthesizing these findings, this research aims to
provide actionable insights for policymakers,
advocacy groups, and stakeholders to address this
pressing issue and uphold the rights and dignity
of migrant workers worldwide. This research aims
to suggest solutions to implement by the
Government and stakeholders.

UNDERSTANDING THE CHANGING STATUS

OF EDUCATION AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT
AS PER NEP 2020 IN VIEW OF HUMAN
SECURITY

265
 Dr. Deepanjana Halder Majumder
PhD Scholar
Department of International Relations
Jadavpur University, Kolkata
Understanding pedagogy in the sustainable
education literature requires reflection that
orients educational practice. Educational content
and pedagogy need to be reframed to develop
human security and create a new paradigm in
education Sustainable education is widely used in
the literature, and yet the concept is rarely
defined in detail. Indian education system is
suddenly expanding. The role of the private sector
in education is being redefined due to the need for
vast resources. Talking about the liberalization of
the education sector in India, it can be said that
where India was seen as a third world country, it
is now seen as a potential third world country.
This has manifested itself in India in terms of
globalization of technology. The article also
highlights the low emphasis on developing
cognitive skills and learning outcomes,
inadequate processes for managing merit-based
careers and the advancement of faculty and
institutional leaders, and some steps taken by the
government to attract women to higher education
that can enhance academic careers and pedagogy
to promote human security
.
UNDERSTANDING THE CLIMATE CRISIS
AND ITS IMPACTS ON WOMEN IN INDIA

266
 Dr. Vaishali Jain
Assistant Professor
Kurukshetra University
We have been observing atypical climatic events,
shifts in weather patterns, and ecological
catastrophes due to the fast industrialization and
reckless exploitation of natural resources. These
ecological catastrophes are not limited by
geographical boundaries, occurring in regions
such as the United States, south Asia, Southeast
Asia, and Europe and in South Asia India is not
untouched by this climate crisis. These disasters
have shown the vulnerability and helplessness of
humankind but women and girls are especially
vulnerable. This study aims to analyse the
underlying factors and consequences of the
climate catastrophe, to investigate the difficulties
encountered by women in India and to examine
the mitigation and adaptation measures adopted
by the Indian government to tackle the climate
catastrophe and address gender-related concerns.
The research is expected to provide valuable
insights into the gendered impacts of climate
change in India. It will contribute to the growing
body of literature on this topic and inform policy-
making efforts to address the climate crisis in a
gender-responsive manner.

UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENTIAL

FACTORS SHAPING E-GOVERNANCE
GROWTH IN INDIA'S EDUCATION SECTOR

267
 Dr. Mandeep Kaur Chhabra
Assistant Professor
Shri Vaishnav College of Commerce
This study delves into the nuanced exploration of
the factors that significantly impact the growth of
e-governance within India's education sector.
Through comprehensive analysis, it uncovers the
multifaceted dynamics shaping the adoption and
implementation of e-governance initiatives in
education. By examining various elements such as
technological infrastructure, policy frameworks,
stakeholder engagement, and institutional
capacity, this study offers valuable insights into
the challenges and opportunities encountered in
leveraging digital solutions for educational
governance. Additionally, it explores the role of
trust, performance expectancy and effort
expectancy, socio-economic factors and political
considerations in influencing the trajectory of e-
governance development in the Indian education
landscape. Through a synthesis of empirical
evidence and theoretical frameworks, this
research contributes to a deeper understanding of
the complexities involved in fostering effective e-
governance practices within the education sector,
paving the way for informed decision-making and
strategic interventions aimed at enhancing
educational outcomes through digital governance
initiatives.
UNDERSTANDING THE MEDIA DISCOURSE
SURROUNDING GENDER INEQUALITY

268
 CONTROVERSY AT 2024 PARIS OLYMPICS,
WOMEN’S BOXING: A CASE STUDY
Dr. Amartya Saha
Assistant Professor
New Alipore College
Lack of AI literacy can be a challenge to securing
a secured life today. A basic level knowledge and
understanding of AI is important for students
pursuing graduation to explore better
opportunities in job market after they graduate.
AI literacy is a must in today’s timeframe keeping
in mind the paradigm shift that has been caused
by technology. The goal of integrating AI in
undergraduate curriculum is to create a workforce
that is AI-ready. AI literacy will help students
upskill and solve problems faster. AI literacy will
also help students have a more personalized
learning experience in an ethical way. In the
upcoming years, digital divide would differentiate
between those who have AI literacy and those who
don’t. An inclusive approach needs to be taken by
universities while attempting to empower the
students. University of Calcutta has adopted a
course titled ‘AI for Everyone’ on 8th September
2023. The research paper is a case study of the AI
curriculum incorporated by University of Calcutta
in their undergraduate program. The paper
explores the scope of the curriculum, its objectives
and outcome. The research also analyses the
student’s perception about the same.

269
 UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF STATE IN
THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN: A STUDY
OF SALES GIRLS IN SIKKIM
Monica Lakandri
PhD Scholar
Sikkim University
Empowerment of women is the process that
enables women to gain control over the factors
that affects their life. An empowered women is
likely to have power over factors that influences
their life and welfare specially to act on unequal
treatment in the family, society, and the state at
large. Since the modern state is imbibed in all
aspects of human life it becomes imperative to
understand its role in the empowerment of
women. The idea of empowerment of women
revolves around the women to have power to make
their own independent decisions, one of the
aspects to facilitate this process is women with
their own income to ensure financial
independence. Women from low-income families
with minimum education with the aspiration of
financial independence employ themselves as
sales girls in shops. Women have always been the
confined to domestic domain and their entrance as
sales girls in public domain runs the risk of their
safety and security making them vulnerable. As
per the division of powers in the Indian
constitution the women’s issue is in the
concurrent list so both the central and the state
governments have tried to mitigate this challenge

270
through various measures. The Sikkim
government in particular have formulated various
policies to ensure safety and security of sales girls.
Thus, the study is an effort to understand and
analyse the role of state in the empowerment of
women focusing on the sales girls in Sikkim

UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF

MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT: HOW IT
AFFECTS FAMILY DYNAMICS AND
EMPOWERS WOMEN
Kalpana Singh
Senior Research Fellow
Dayanand Brajendra Swarup P.G. College
Maternal employment is an important issue that
demands attention from policymakers,
researchers, and society at large. Our study
analyzed the impact of the working status of
mothers on family dynamics, financial stability,
and other related aspects in a sample of 200
women who are working as assistant teachers in
government primary and upper-primary schools
in the Kanpur urban district of Uttar Pradesh.
Our findings show that security is a multi-faceted
concept, and the positive impact of these
employment opportunities on women's lives and
their families' lives is significant. The changing
status and roles of women in the family have also
influenced the husband, children, and other
prominent members of the family. Our research
paper is an attempt to explore and explain the

271
changing dynamics within families and the
specific needs of women that must be addressed to
achieve gender equality in society. Effective
governance ensures gender equality in society

UNVEILING SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLES: A

COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOMETRIC
ANALYSIS
Akhila Chandran K
Junior Research Fellow
University Of Calicut, Kerala
&
Prof. (Dr.) A. Hameed
University Of Calicut, Kerala
Sustainable Practices is an evolving topic for past
decades since it is a key to Sustainable
Development Goals. Nevertheless, the
bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on
Sustainable Practices is absent. In this context,
the present study aimed to examine Sustainable
practices via bibliometric analysis. The data was
extracted from Scopus Database within the time
span of 2000-2023, uncovering 303 articles, and
VOSviewer 1.6.20 is utilized for visualization.
Findings of the study reveals that there has been
an exponential increase in the frequency of
publications in this field and the journal named
“Sustainability (Switzerland)” was the most
frequently published journal, the United Kingdom
is the most influential country in terms of
publications. The emerging themes included

272
green economy, circular economy, lifecycle
analysis, performance, service quality are co-
occurred with Sustainable practices. Based on the
findings of the study, some recommendations were
proposed that will effectively contribute to
empirical investigations in future

UNVEILING THE VULNERABILITIES IN

LAWS: CHILD SECURITY AT THE
CROSSROADS OF GOVERNANCE
Sukriti Srivastava
Assistant Professor
KPMSOL, Narsee Monjee Institute of
Management Studies University
Child security is a serious concern. It is an even
bigger problem in densely populated developing
countries in Asian sub-continent. Though every
nation in South Asia is a State Party to the
Convention on the Rights of the Child, there are
still large gaps in their legal systems governing
child care and protection. Among these gaps are
those concerning children's access to justice and
the outlawing of violence against them. Though
strides have been made, more work is required to
fortify laws and bring them into compliance with
international norms. To address these
vulnerabilities all-encompassing strategies for
governance are required supported by
community-based child protection systems, to
protect children from abuse, neglect, exploitation,
and violence. The current paper will focus upon

273
the policy initiatives related to child security in
Asian countries, their vulnerabilities and way
ahead towards overcoming them.

UNVEILING UNSEEN DIMENSIONS: HUMAN

SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE IN THE
INDO-US NEXUS
Diksha Thakur
Research Scholar
IIS deemed to be University
Unveiling Unseen Dimensions: Human Security
and Governance in the Indo-US Nexus explores
the intricate interplay between human security
and governance within the Indo-US relationship.
This article delves into the multifaceted dynamics
shaping bilateral ties, focusing on often
overlooked dimensions that impact both nations
and the broader international community.
Through an analytical lens, it examines how
human security concerns, encompassing issues
such as healthcare, education, and environmental
sustainability, intersect with governance
structures at local, national, and global levels.
Drawing from diverse perspectives in political
science, international relations, and public policy,
it offers insights into the evolving nature of
cooperation, competition, and collaboration
between India and the United States. By shedding
light on these unseen dimensions, this research
contributes to a deeper understanding of the
complex dynamics shaping contemporary

274
geopolitics and offers avenues for enhancing
cooperation and addressing shared challenges in
the Indo-US relationship.

USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA, EMERGING

CYBERBULLYING, AND MENTAL HEALTH: A
STUDY AMONG THE UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS OF BANGLADESH
Md. Masudur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
This study attempts to examine in what manner
university students misuse social media to harass
others and investigate to what extent they are
affected by being victims of cyberbullying in
Bangladesh. It also explores the trends and
scenarios of cyberbullying with the passage of
time. Though cyberbullying is not a new
phenomenon as a crime, it is significant to analyze
critically in the context of Bangladesh from
Sociological point of view. Cyberbullying is an
emerging issue in this digital era of Bangladesh.
Youth (both male and female) are becoming victim
of cyberbullying even by their closer social media
friends and it has a severe impact on their mental
health. This study analyzed the factors behind
cyberbullying as well as the reckless use of social
media platforms. This study is conducted by using
a mixed method. A face-to-face survey is led by
using the quantitative method among university
students to ensure the responses from youth to

275
cyberbullying. On the contrary, Case Studies and
Key Informant Interviews (KII) are conducted in
the qualitative approach to capture the in-depth
scenarios of cyberbullying in Bangladesh. The
sample size is 280 by using purposive sampling
procedures. This study is helpful to the
researchers and policymakers to identify the
factors, trends, and scenarios behind
cyberbullying as well as find out the preventive
strategies to reduce cyberbullying making a
peaceful society in Bangladesh.

VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AT THE

TIMES OF WAR
Anushka Singh
Student
Banasthali Vidyapith
This research paper dwells into the multifaceted
nature of suffering in the context of war,
particularly focusing on the relationship between
human rights violations during periods of conflict.
The background of the study is rooted in the
undeniable and widespread suffering inflicted by
war on individuals, families, and societies,
extending beyond the battlefield to encompass
physical, psychological, and societal dimensions.
The research problem centres on the complex
interplay between the imperative of national
security and the fundamental rights and dignity
of individuals, as well as the challenges faced by
vulnerable populations during armed conflict. The

276
aim of the study is to shed light on the hidden
costs of war and to investigate the violation of
human rights. The methodology employed in this
research paper involves an exploratory approach,
examining the challenges faced by vulnerable
populations during war and the broader
implications for global human rights norms. The
research design includes a comprehensive review
of existing literature, policy frameworks, and
potential solutions to address the critical
intersection between human rights and conflict-
induced insecurity. The findings of the research
highlight the tension between the exigencies of
conflict and the protection of human rights,
emphasizing the necessity for a delicate balance
that upholds both security and the inherent
dignity of every individual. The paper also delves
into the root causes, consequences, and potential
solutions to address the complexities of food
scarcity during war, torture, suffering of civilian,
emphasizing the grave humanitarian crisis it
represents and the multifaceted impacts on
present picture of humanitarian laws

VISIBILITY OF PATRIARCHAL INSTITUTE

OF THE STATE WITH CONTEXT TO
WOMEN'S POLITICAL SECURITY
Dr. Seema Das
Assistant Professor
Mahila Mahavidyalaya
Banaras Hindu University

277
For democracy to be truly representative and
inclusive, all citizens must have equal
opportunities to participate in the democratic
process. But the efforts made by the state itself
define its patriarchal form. The guarantee of
women's political security is just a pipe dream.
Even after a long time of independence, Indian
democratic institutions are prohibited from being
patriarchal. The brutal incident of Manipur shows
that the solution of every situation will pass
through a women’s body. It means that sexuality
is still permanent in every society, be it North
India or East. However, this confusion should be
removed beforehand through political
representation. Thus while political
representation may initially appear symbolic it
does have long lasting effect on voter behavior and
perceptions particularly at the grassroots level.
Especially the recent incidents like Bilkis Bano,
Hathras, Karnataka, or the incidents of sexual
harassment against women wrestlers, reflect the
oppressive role of the state and society. Violence
against women should be viewed as one of the
most crucial social mechanism by which they are
forced into a subordinate position. It is a
manifestation of unequal power relations, which
has led to men`s domination and discrimination
against women. Gender relations are the relations
of dominance and subordination with elements of
force and violence sustaining women. These
expressions of violence take place between men

278
and women within a family, state or society. With
different process of socialization, violence against
women is a result of gender relations that
assumes men superior to women. Legislation and
law enforcement agencies prevent this incident
but t social awakening and change in the attitude
of masses is needed, so that due respect and equal
status is given to women. Through the presented
form, an attempt is made to prove that like in the
past, even today women are governed by those
patriarchal institutions in which their sexuality is
the basic question. Which can be resolved only
through political equality. It is the time when the
women need to be given her dignity

WHEN THE VULNERABLES ARE THE PEACE

NEGOTIATORS: A STUDY OF KASHMIR
Devarati Mandal
Assistant Professor
New Alipore College
The 21st century has witnessed a significant
evolution in the understanding and practice of
conflict resolution, with a growing recognition of
the pivotal role that women play in fostering peace
and stability in regions marred by conflict. This
paper delves into the nuanced contributions of
women in conflict resolution, with a particular
emphasis on the conflict-ridden regions- Kashmir.
The cases of Kashmir serve as poignant
illustrations of the transformative potential of
women's agency in conflict resolution. Through an

279
interdisciplinary approach, this study intends to
provide a comprehensive overview of the
multifaceted roles undertaken by women in these
conflict-affected areas. It sheds light on their
involvement as peacebuilders, negotiators,
community mobilizers, and turn out to be the
ardent advocates for dialogue and reconciliation.
While discussing the successful initiatives and
grassroots movements led by women in these
regions, this paper argues that being the worst
victims of conflicts, involvement of the women are
more likely to yield sustainable and enduring
solutions and augment the chances of
effectiveness of conflict resolution strategies.
Consequently, the article delineates the
inimitable challenges faced by women in conflict
zones, including issues of gender-based violence,
limited access to resources and political
marginalization. It underscores the importance of
addressing these systemic barriers to harness the
full potential of women as the ‘agents of peace.’ In
conclusion, it advocates for policies that will
empower women by normalizing intervention;
foster their meaningful participation in decision-
making processes; and create a conducive
environment for their endeavours to flourish.

WHY SO SERIOUS? COMEDY AS A

CINEMATIC TROPE FOR CLIMATE
ADVOCACY: EXPLORING THE SATIRICAL
SUB-TEXTS OF ADAM MCKAY’S DON'T LOOK

280
 UP (2021) AND ANIMATED SCI-FI COMEDY
CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MEATBALLS
(2009)
Purbali Sengupta
Assistant Professor
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
University of Technology
That the Environment is a fragile zone and can
trigger human security issues impacting global
governance is undeniable. Climate activism may
have failed to appeal to political leaderships, but
has found its vanishing point in Climate fiction
comedy in Hollywood. Through deft deployment of
satire, irony and parody, the dialogue surrounding
Climate crisis can be addressed; this study
examines Adam McKay’s comic thriller Don't look
up (2021) and graphic Sci-fi comedy Cloudy with a
chance of meatballs (2009) as exemplary
narratives engaging in enlightening and
empowering viewers about the dangers of a
volatile climate. While Don't look up depicts the
horrors of a scurrying comet closing up on Earth,
it evokes the necessity of Environmental
awareness and harps on the non-chalance in
media regarding it; and through animation
Cloudy with a chance of meatballs critiques the
idea of over exploitation of natural resources
through the analogy of food mutation

WOMEN SECURITY IN INDIA, A CASE

STUDY ON R.G. KAR

281
 Ananya Majumder
Professional Journalist
Rabindra Bharati University
According to the Ministry of Home Affairs
Government of India, safety and security of
women and children is the utmost priority of our
country and to establish the fact, Government of
India has implemented several rules and laws
against sexual offences. But, did it made any
differences in the society? The women of Indian
society still feel worried while going outside or at
the night returning from somewhere. The female
security violates at its most during the Rape cases.
This is not a simple statement. Women peace and
security index 2023 says that, the rank of India is
128th within the 177 countries, which is pretty
threatening for the women of India. And for this,
according to the Constitution of India, Police and
the “Public Order” are under the Seventh
Schedule. So, naturally, The State Governments
of the Union of India are thus mainly responsible
for the safety and security of the citizens as well
as women.
This research paper tries to analyse the recent
reports of sexual harassment cases filed in India,
mainly on the public opinion on the horrific and
heinous Gang Rape and Murder case of Tilottama,
a promising young lady doctor of R.G. Kar Medical
College of Kolkata. To show the real image of
women security in West Bengal as well as India.
We have interviews and public reactions to

282
analyse the fact and some statistics to proof the
findings that converges with the public reactions.
The motto of this research is to find the truth of
women security in our society and what people
thinks about it. Because, according to the Women
peace and security index 2023 India is not
claiming a good position and the recent rape and
murder cases of India is also not supporting the
fact that Indian women are pretty secured during
the day or night time. So how much reality or
exaggeration the Government presents, is the
ultimate target of this paper in the light of
Tilottama’s rape and murder case, recently
happened in R.G. Kar Medical College and
Hospital

WOMEN SECURITY, HEALTH PRACTICES IN

COLONIAL PUNJAB: A HISTORICAL STUDY
Ashutosh Singh
Research Scholar
Kurukshetra University, Haryana
Women Security, Health Practices in Colonial
Punjab: A Historical Study The main objectives of
this paper are to explore the Christian
missionaries and their Health Practices for
women in Colonial Punjab from its historical
perspective with a special reference to the
Institutional Foundation of Hospitals, and
Medical Colleges also insight into Zenana medical
services in Punjab. Initially, the missionaries
focused on the tribe's education and Health. for

283
instance, Scholars like David Hardiman, examine
the reaction of ‘tribals’ people, The Bhills, to the
missionary and medical ambitions of the Church
Missionary Society in their land. He also focuses,
on the foundation of schools the development of
education, The articulation of the complex
gendered relationships between traditional and
mission societies; and the role of missionaries in
famine relief in Central India and Rajasthan.
Scholars like David Arnold noted that ‘the extent
to which missionaries were successful
disseminators of Western medical ideas and
practices in India’ remains a matter of
speculation. However, the Missionaries' work in
the medical field in Punjab is not adequately
explored by the medical Historians. This paper
aims to examine how medical missionaries keep
service during times of famine in Punjab and also
work for lepers, and keep a strong foundation of
women's schools, and medical college in several
parts of Punjab

WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP AND DECISION

MAKING IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE:
BREAKING BARRIERS AND SHAPING
POLICY
Pratibha Singh
Assistant Professor
B.M.S. College of Law, Bengaluru
The participation of women in local governance
serves as a fundamental element in promoting

284
democracy at the grassroots level and
strengthening safety of women throughout India.
Central to this undertaking is the
acknowledgment of women as catalysts for
transformation, with the ability to influence
policies and undertakings that tackle the complex
obstacles impeding their safety and welfare.
Women leaders are playing a crucial role in
creating safer and more resilient communities
through their efforts to resolve the underlying
causes of gender-based violence, facilitate access
to justice, and empower the economy. Women in
local governance are crucial for bolstering
grassroots democracy and augmenting women's
security, not merely for ensuring equity and
justice. The paper is focused on analysing how by
employing women's activism and advocacy, they
are confronting societal conventions that sustain
gender-based violence and prejudice.

A STUDY OF CHALLENGES FOR PRIVATE

SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MAHARASHTRA
Dr. Kaluram Babusha Dhore
Assistant Professor
CKT Arts, Commerce & Science College
New Panvel (Autonomous)
In the words of Tagore, "A teacher can never truly
teach unless he is still learning himself. A lamp
can never light another lamp unless it continues
to burn its own flame. A teacher who has come to
the end of his subject, who has no living traffic

285
with his knowledge but merely repeats his lessons
to the students, he cannot question them. The
greater part of our learning in the schools has
been waste, because for most of our teachers and
their students are like dead specimens of once
living things, with which they have a learned
acquaintance but no communication of life and
love”. A teacher is one who imparts knowledge to
the pupils. When a teacher is doing or helping
someone else to learn, he or she is teaching. It is
also important to keep in mind that the quality of
teaching is directly related to the quality and the
value of learning that is taking place in his
students. Further, there is no best way to teach
what a teacher should do at a particular moment
is not something that can be determined from any
scientific formula. Successful teachers, like other
artists, develop their own ways of getting the
results they seek in a way, all the teachers those
who are in teaching profession from kindergarten
to University level may not be teaching or
behaving uniformly well to the extent of the
satisfaction of their students, at least in the
Classroom situations

CYBERSECURITY GOVERNANCE- A
DEFENCE FIREWALL AGAINST CYBER
THREATS TO HUMANS
Avinash Kumar Singh
Research Scholar
Magadh University

286
India the world’s largest Democracy is now
becoming the world’s largest connected nations-
with over more than 80 crores citizens (Digital
Nagriks) presently connected and using the
internet and cyberspace. The Digital Nagriks of
the country are using internet for business,
education, finance, health and entertainment
through many applications installed in their
devices such as mobiles, laptops etc. The internet
today is merely one touch click away in every
Digital Nagriks pocket. The digital India initiative
has also enabled all classes, caste and religion of
Indian citizen to the use of internet for the ease of
their living. Today the new administration and
governance activity like policing, development,
health etc. all have switched itself from manual
working conditions to complete Information and
Communication Technology system (ICT). None
sector which contributes to India’s development is
untouched with it. The internet has become the
oxygen of ICT working environment in all sectors.
But in some recent years we have witnessed many
major cyber threat hacks, risk of data breach
which resulted in reasons for national security
and citizens data security in our country. Though
we have developed a strong data base systems in
ICT, but still have left some loopholes or
vulnerabilities which are enjoyed by the hackers
leading to cyber-crimes. These hackers are either
part of our own society or are from neighboring
competitor countries, who any how want affect the

287
growth and development of India and its Digital
Nagrik. The government is fully cognizant to
ensure that the Digital Nagrik experiences the
safe and trusted internet and thus, cybersecurity
governance is a comprehensive strategy to act as
a backbone of organizations and Digital Nagrik to
defense against cyber threats. This paper is going
to readdress the Digital Nagrik of India about
cybersecurity governance and governments AI
featured initiatives to counter cyber- crimes in
India

CHANGING DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN

SECURITY: IN THE CONTEXT OF MORAL
PERSPECTIVE
Dr. Megha Kumari
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science
Sahibganj College, Sahibganj

"The world is entering a new era in which the

every concept of security will change dramatically.
Security will be interpreted as: security of
individuals not just nation. Security through
development not through arms, security of all the
people everywhere in their homes in their jobs in
their street, in their communication, in their
environment." But now the concern is, is it enough
to make possible security without legal provision
of moral security? The proposed research paper

288
purpose to examine causes behind "declining of
morality" in institution.

HUMAN SECURITY AND CYBERSECURITY:

EMERGING CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN
CONTEXT
Advocate Harshit Soni
Bar Council, Delhi
The rapid advancement of technology in India has
significantly transformed various sectors,
including finance, healthcare, and governance.
However, this digital revolution has also
introduced new vulnerabilities and threats,
particularly in the realm of human security. The
convergence of human security and cybersecurity
highlights the challenges individuals face in
protecting their personal, economic, political, and
social well-being from cyber threats. This paper
examines how cybersecurity threats affect human
security in India and discusses relevant Supreme
Court judgments, recent legislative actions, and
international conventions that seek to address
these issues. It also explores India's role in the
global cybersecurity landscape, offering insights
into how the country can strengthen both
individual and collective security in the face of
growing digital risks.

WOMEN IN PEACE BUILDING PROCESS

Dr. Tinni Dutta
Assistant Professor

289
 Department of Psychology
Muralidhar Girls' College
Kolkata, India
UN women a UN entity dedicated to gender
equality worldwide is deep-rooted is in every
segments of Indian Society. Till date women are
denied to access basic needs. Education, health,
and equal sharing of powers are deprived which
are mingled with their inherent insecurity and
uncertainty. Women are innate peace-builders.
Peace is a prerequisite for health, human security
and equality. Only 13 percent of women had
involved in negotiating international issues, 6
percent mediators and only 6 percent signatories
in the primary peace process between 1992-2019.
The chief characteristics in peace building
processes are an awareness of self and the others,
the ability to communicate and understand the
communication of others, the capacity to co-
operate with another in paying attention to the
same subject capacity for social and economic
exchange relationship. Women in every sphere
play a vital role in building peace, maintaining
peace at workplace. They should emphasize that
the growth of human societies as open systems
upon which the survival of the human species
depends. It requires a sufficient number of
individuals who are free enough from persecutory
anxiety to be able to take part in requisite social
relationships, given the opportunity and the social
setting to do so, society tends to call such

290
individuals especially women to march forward as
a guiding light.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDIA'S

EDUCATION SECTOR: NAVIGATING
CHALLENGES AND EMBRACING
OPPORTUNITIES
Aisha Zaheer
Doctoral Research Scholar
University of Lucknow
The digital transformation of India's education
sector has become a crucial factor in shaping the
future of learning and teaching in the country.
According to Selwyn (2016), digital
transformation can redefine traditional
educational practices by introducing innovative
tools that facilitate more interactive and
personalized learning experiences. In the context
of India, the Ministry of Education has launched
several initiatives such as the Digital India
programme and the National Educational
Technology Forum to accelerate this
transformation (MHRD, 2020). The National
Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the need
for integrating technology into education and
improving digital infrastructure (NEP, 2020).
Research by Singh and Gupta (2021) highlights
issues related to inadequate infrastructure,
including unreliable internet connectivity and
lack of necessary hardware in rural and
underserved regions. Additionally, the digital

291
divide remains a critical barrier, with socio-
economic disparities affecting students' access to
digital resources (Chakrabarti & Sharma, 2022).
Digital literacy is another key challenge; studies
by Sinha et al. (2023) indicate that both educators
and students often lack the necessary skills to
effectively use digital tools. This paper explores
the multifaceted dimensions of digital
transformation within the Indian educational
landscape, identifying both the challenges and
opportunities that arise from the integration of
digital technologies. It highlights how digital tools
and platforms have the potential to enhance
educational accessibility, quality, and
personalization, while also examining the
obstacles related to infrastructure, digital
literacy, and socio-economic disparities. By
reviewing existing literature and analyzing recent
developments, this paper aims to provide a
comprehensive overview of the current state of
digital transformation in Indian education,
offering insights into effective strategies and
policies to optimize its benefits and mitigate
associated risks.

INDO-PACIFIC: A SIGNIFICANT OBSTACLE

TO MARITIME SECURITY IS UNDER SEA
CABLES
Shivangi Shrivastava
PhD Scholar

292
 Dept. of Political Science & International
Relations
IIS (deemed to be University)
Jaipur, Rajasthan
Submarine cables in the Indo-Pacific are critical
yet vulnerable infrastructure that supports global
communication and economic activities. These
undersea cables, which carry nearly all
transoceanic digital communication, face growing
threats from both natural disasters and human
activities. Unintentional damage from fishing,
and potential gray-zone aggression as seen in
conflicts involving Taiwan, highlight the region’s
vulnerabilities. As geopolitical tensions rise,
safeguarding these networks is imperative. India,
alongside Quad partners (Australia, Japan, and
the U.S.), plays a key role in enhancing cable
security. Strategic initiatives include the
development of robust undersea cable
infrastructure and regulatory reforms. The
Quad’s joint efforts aim to bolster connectivity and
resilience, while India positions itself to leverage
opportunities in the global submarine cable
sector. Securing these vital networks is essential
for maintaining Indo-Pacific stability and
ensuring uninterrupted global connectivity.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: 75 YEARS OF

INDEPENDENCE AND ROLE OF WOMEN IN
INDIAN POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION
Niva Patra

293
 Student
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhyalaya
Indore

India is a country with a nearly 50% female

population, yet relatively few women are
represented in parliament. Women’s participation
in politics can significantly impact economic,
social, cultural, and political spheres. However,
despite discussions on women’s empowerment, a
small percentage of women hold elected office,
even in parliament. This paper examines the
status of women in politics, the factors behind
their lower political participation, governmental
efforts to increase women’s representation, the
challenges they face, and potential solutions. The
paper also explores lessons from Rwanda, the
country with the highest proportion of female
parliamentarians.

294
 भारतीय प - ुतकताओं का सार-िह ी

ekuo lqj{kk vkSj la;qä jk"Vª la?k dk –f"Vdks.k

izksQslj MkW- inek eh.kk
jktuhfr foKku
yky cgknqj “kkL=h jktdh; egkfo|ky;]
dksViwryh
;w,uMhih dh 1994 dh ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ ekuo lqj{kk dh
vo/kkj.kk ij vk/kkfjr gSaA bl fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k gS dh lqj{kk dh
O;k[;k ladh.kZ :i ls ckgjh vkØe.k ls {ks= dh lqj{kk ds fy, ç;qä
dh tkuh gSA ;g vkSipkfjd :i ls jkT; lqj{kk ls ekuo lqj{kk ij
tksj nsrk gSaA fjiksVZ esa ekuo lqj{kk dks Hkw[k] chekjh vkSj neu tSls
iqjkus [krjksa ls lqj{kk ds lkFk nSfud thou ds iSVuZ esa vpkud vkSj
gkfudkjd O;o/kkuksa ls lqj{kk pkgs og ?kjksa] ukSdfj;ks ;k leqnk; esa gks
ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
ekuo lqj{kk ds [krjs %&
1- vkfFkZd lqj{kk & csjkstxkjh] ukSdjh dh vlqj{kk vk; vlkekUkrk]
eqækLQhfr] cs?kj gksukA
2- [kk| lqj{kk & Hkkstu ra= HkkSfrd vkSj vkfFkZd igqap dh leL;k gSA
3- LokLF; lqj{kk & thou vkSj LokLF; ds fy, [krjs vkSj LokLF;
lsokvksa rd vi;kZIr igqapA
4- i;kZoj.k lqj{kk & ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dk {kj.k tyok;q vkSj feêh dk
çnw"k.kA
5- O;fäxr lqj{kk & 'kkjhfjd fgalk] ;q)] HksnHkko] ?kjsyw fgalk cky
'kks"k.kA
6- Lkkeqnkf;d lqj{kk & tkrh; ruko vkSj fgald la?k’kZA
7- jktuhfrd lqj{kk & jkT; neu vkSj ekuokf/kdkj dk mYya?kuA
ekuo lqj{kk vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk (CHS) tuojh 2001 esa dh xbZ FkhA
bl vk;ksx dh igyh fjiksVZ ºweu flD;ksfjVh ukm] 2003 esa çdkf'kr
gqbZA ;g fjiksVZ ekuo lqj{kk ds egRoiw.kZ mís';ksa esa xfjek iw.kZ thou
thus dh Lora=rk dks tksM+rh gS ftldk vFkZ gS yksdra= dkuwu dk
'kklu vkSj ekuokf/kdkj vkSj Lora=rk ds cqfu;knh fl)karksa dk lEeku
djukA ;w,uvks ds mPp Lrjh; iSuy esa ,d vf/kd lqjf{kr nqfu;k

293
¼2004 es½a fjiksVZ çLrqr dh xbZ ftlesa dgk x;k dh [krjksa dh ,d
foLr`r J`a[kyk ekStwn gS jk"Vªh; lqj{kk vkSj O;fä;ksa dh lqj{kk dks [krjs
esa Mkyus okys [krjs vkil esa tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj bu [krjksa dks [kRe djus
ds fy, csgrj lg;ksx dh vko';drk gSaA fjiksVZ bu yktZj fQzMe
VqoMZl MsoyiesaV flD;ksfjVh ,aM ºweu jkbV~l Q‚j v‚y ¼2005 esa½ Hk;
ls eqfä vHkko ls eqfä vkSj xfjek ds lkFk thus dh Lora=rk dks
ekuo lqj{kk dh ewy rRoksa ds :i esa crk;k x;k gSA blesa dgk x;k gS
fd fodkl ds fcuk lqj{kk ugha vkSj lqj{kk ds fcuk fodkl gkfly ugha
fd;k tk ldrk vkSj blesa ls dksbZ Hkh ekuokf/kdkjksa ds lEeku ds fcuk
gkfly ugha fd;k tk ldrkA la;qä jk"Vª dh egklHkk dk çLrko
66@290 la;qä jk"Vª dh Hkhrj ekuo lqj{kk dh ekuo lqj{kk ds
dk;kZUo;u ds 20 o"khZ; fodkl esa ,d egRoiw.kZ ehy dk iRFkj gS
ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd yksxksa dks xjhch dk vHkko vkSj fujk'kk ls eqä
gksdj Lora=rk vkSj lEeku ds lkFk thus dk vf/kdkj gSA lHkh O;fDr
fo”ks’k :Ik ls detksj yksx Hk; vkSj vHkko ls eqfDr ds gdnkj gS lkFk
gh mUgs vius lHkh vf/kdkjksa dk vkuan ysus vkSj viuh ekuoh; {kerk
dks iwjh rjg ls fodflr djus dk leku volj Hkh feyuk pkfg,A

Hkkjrh; ukjh % vk|ksikUr

çkså¼M‚å½ lhek pkS/kjh
çk/;kid
xouZ~esaV egkfo|ky; cwanh] jktLFkku
efgyk l’kfädj.k ls rkRi;Z ,d ,slh lkekftd izfdz;k ls
gSa] ftleas efgykvksa ds fy, loZlEiUu vkSj fodflr gksus gsrq
laHkkoukvksa ds }kj [kqy]s u, fodYi rS;kj gks] Hkkstu] ikuh] f’k{kk] ?kj]
LokLFk;] lqfo/kk,W] f’k’kqikyu] izkd``frd lalk/ku] cSafdax lqfo/kk,W dkuwuh
gd vkSj izfrHkkvksa ds fodkl gsrq Ik;kZIr jpukRed volj izkIr gksaA1
tUenk=h gksus ds dkj.k ukjh dks tuuh dgk tkrk gSaA euq’; dsoy
L=h dh cnkSyr gh /kjrh ij tUe ysrk gSA HkrZ̀gfj ds vuqlkj ukjh
lalkj dh ekrk leÖkh tkrh gS D;kasfd ekr`Ro”kfDr dsoy mlh esa gSaA2
L=h thou ds izR;sd {ks= esa iq:’kksa ds lkFk Hkkx ysrh FkhA iap_.k esa
nksa iz/kku fir`_.k ,ao nso _.k ls eqfä L=h ds lg;ksx ds fcuk
vlEHko FkhA3 laHkor blh dkj.k ls ukjh dks iq:’k dh v/kkZfxuh dgk
x;kA ftlds fcuk iq:’k viw.kZ ekuk tkrk FkkA4 jk;cuZ ds vuqlkj
fL=;ksa us gh izFke lH;rk dh uhao Mkyh vkSj taxyksa esa ekjs ekjs HkVdrs

294
gq, iq:’kksa dks gkFk idM+dj vius Lrj dk thou iznku fd;k rFkk ?kj
esa clk;kA fgUnw vkn”kZ ds vuqlkj lalkj dh bZ”ojh; “kfDr nqxkZ]
dkyh] y{eh] ljLorh vkfn ukjh “kfDr /ku] Kku dk izrhd ekuh xbZ
gS] rHkh rks vius ns”k dks ge Hkkjr ekrk dgdj viuh J)k izdV
djrs gSaA Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ukjhRo ds izfr lnHkko ,ao lEeku dks
v{kq..k cuk, j[kus dh jgh gSaA

efgyk lqj{kk ds lanHkZ esa 'kklu vkSj lekt

M‚Œ eksgEen vyh
lgk;d çk/;kid
n'kZu 'kkL= foHkkx
jke y[ku flag ;kno egkfo|ky;
c[kfr;kjiqj] iVuk
**efgyk&lqj{kk** tSls fo"k;ksa ij fy[kuk] cksyuk ;k bl ij
ppkZ djuk gh gekjs lekt] jk"Vª ,oa gekjh 'kklu O;oLFkk dks u
dsoy dV?kjs esa [kM+k djrk gS cfYd gekjh uSfrdrk] drZO;cks/k] ,drk]
vk/kqfudrk vkSj fodkl ij iz'u fpUg~ [kM+k djrk gSA
fdlh Hkh lekt vFkok jk"Vª esa efgyk ds :i esa
**vk/kh&vkck/kh** dks gkf'k, ij j[k dj lokZaxh.k fodkl dh ydhj
ugha [khaph tk ldrh gSA MkWñ chñ vkjñ vEcsMdj dk la?k"kZ efgykvksa
dks lkekftd Lrj ij cjkcj ykuk Fkk] rks egkRek xka/kh ds 'kCnksa esa
& ,d iq:"k dh vis{kk efgyk dks f'kf{kr djus dk izHkko iqjs ifjokj
vkSj lekt ij iM+rk gSA
efgykvksa dks 'kfDr ds :i esa **nqxkZ**] vFkZ ds :i esa **y{eh**]
f'k{kk ds :i esa **ljLorh** vkSj fuekZrk ds :i esa **txr&tuuh** tSls
vyadkjksa ls lq'kksfHkr djus dh vis{kk mls 'kfDr ds :i esa yksdlHkk ls
ys dj iapk;r pquko rd lÙkk esa Hkkxhnkjh ysuh gksxhA efgykvksa esa
vkfFkZd lacyrk gsrq f'k{kk dh vfuok;Zrk vkSj m/ke'khyrk gsrq
fo'ks"k ;kstukvksa dk izksRlkgu gh mUgsa eq[; /kkjk esa ykdj [kM+k dj
ldrk gSA
**efgykvksa dh lqj{kk** tSlk xaHkhj fo"k; & 'kklu dh O;oLFkk]
uhfr fuekZ.k ,oa mlds fØ;kuou ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd tkx:drk]
ySafxx lekurk] vkSj uSfrdrk tSls vk;keksa ls Hkh tqM+k gqvk gSA
izLrqr ys[k esa] efgykvksa ds lEeku vkSj mldh lqj{kk ls tqM+s
fofHkUu igyqvksa dks 'kklu O;oLFkk ls ysdj lkekftd O;ogkjksa rd

295
xgjkbZ ls le>us dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS rkfd fo"k; dh ekSfydrk dks
csgrj rjhds ls izLrqr djrs gq, ldkjkRedrk dh rjQ dne c<+k;k
tk ldsA

ekuo lqj{kk vkSj dkuwu

MkW0 flU/kq dsjdsÍk
lgk;d izk/;kid
jktuhfr foKku foHkkx
fouksck Hkkos fo’ofo|ky;] gtkjhckx
ekuo lqj{kk tu dsfUnzr ,oa cgq&fo"k;d ubZ
vo/kkj.kk gSA vk/kqfud yksdrkaf=d ljdkjksa ds xfreku fØ;kdykiksa
rFkk O;fDrxr lqj{kk ds fopkj ds u, varlZaca/k esa ekuo lqj{kk dh
izo`fr dk rhoz fodkl gqvk gSA ;g O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj mlds
O;fDrRo dk ifjpk;d gSA bldk y{; dkuwu }kjk ikjaifjd vkSj
xSj&ikjaifjd tksf[ke ls yksxksa dh lqj{kk djuk gSA ;g tufgr esa
lqj{kk vkSj l’kfDrdj.k dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks lqn`<+ djds ekuoh; vijk/k]
fgalk] nqO;Zogkj vkfn ds [krjksa ls dkuwu }kjk O;fDr;ksa dh lqj{kk esa
vge Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA O;fDr;ksa ds fgr esa vkxkeh [krjksa ds lzksrksa
ls fuiVus gsrq lkekU; yksxksa dh vko’;drk ds izR;qŸkj esa ,d mHkjrs
izfreku ds xfr’khy Lo:i esa ekuo lqj{kk dk vkxkt gqvk gSA

efgyk lqj{kk & fparu o pqukSfr;k¡

M‚ ykMyh dqekjh
lgk;d çk/;kid
jktuhfr foKku foHkkx
ek[kZe d‚yst v‚Q d‚elZ
gtkjhckx] >kj[kaM
mijksDr eqfä xhr vk/kqfud L=h dh vkokt gS tks ph[k&ph[k
dj viuh Lok/khUkrk o lqj{kk ds fy, [kqys jkLrs dh xqtkfj’k dj jgha
gSA Hkkjrh; lekt esa efgyk,¡ yEcs le; ls vieku] vR;kpkj vkSj
'kks"k.k dh f’kdkj gksrh jgh gSA efgykvksa ds fo:) gksus okyh fgalk dh
leL;k dksbZ ubZ leL;k ugha gS] vkt vk, fnu efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus
okys ?kjsyw fgalk] ;kSu mRihM+u cky&fookg L=h gR;k] ySfxad HksnHkko
ds ekeys esa rsth ls c<+ksrjh gks jgh gS] NsM+NkM+ o cykRdkj ds ekeyksa
dks ns[ks rks Kkr gksrk gS fd vkt nqfu;k dh gj nwljh efgyk

296
cykRdkj dh f’kdkj gks jgh gS] Hkkjr esa gj ,d ?kaVs es 22 cykRdkj ds
ekeys ntZ fd, tkrs gS] vk¡dM+ks ij xkSj djs rks 2014 esa ;g ekeyk
36]735 gks x;k gSA ;g gekjs lekt ds fy, 'keZukd gS fd orZeku esa
nks o"kZ ls nl o"kZ rd dh cPph Hkh lqjf{kr ugha gSA
ekuo lqj{kk ds LFkkiuk ds lUnHkZ esa uDlyokn leL;k dk yksdrkaf=d
lek/kku % leL;k;sa ,oa lEHkkouk;s
M‚- lqcks/k çlkn jtd
lgk;d çk/;kid] jktuhfr 'kkL= foHkkx
xksìk egkfo|ky;
xksìk] >kj[kaM
ekuo lqj{kk dk vFkZ] izd`+fr ,oa {ks=] le; o lH;rk ds
fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk ifjofrZr gksrk gSA tgk¡ ,d rjQ ekuo lqj{kk
dh ijaijkxr ifjHkk’kk dh ifjf/k vkarfjd ,oa cká laLFkkvksa ls ekuo
dks Lora= ,oa Hk;eqDr thou thus ls Fkk] ogha nwljh rjQ oÙkZeku esa
ekuo lqj{kk dh ifjHkk’kk vR;ar O;kid ,oa izd`fr cgqvk;keh gks xbZ gS]
ftlesa ,d Hk;eqDr okrkoj.k ds lkFk&lkFk Lora=] U;k;iw.kZ]
xfjekiw.kZ ,oa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks lEiw.kZ vFkks± esa lkdkj djus okyh
lfg’.kq] lkSgknzZiw.kZ] ldkjkRed o izxfr”khy ifjos”k dh mifLFkfr ls
gSA ekuo lqj{kk vius O;kid vFkks± esa LokLF; lqj{kk] [kk| lqj{kk]
i;kZoj.k lqj{kk] jkstxkj dh lqj{kk] O;fDrxr xfjek dh lqj{kk]
jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd o lkeqnkf;d lqj{kk ls Hkh lEc)
gSA ;gk¡ lqj{kk ds rarq Lok/khurk ls Hkh tqM+s gq, gSaA tSls & vf”k{kk]
va/kfo”okl ,oa tkfrokn ls Lok/khurk] xjhch] csjkstxkjh ,oa HksnHkko ls
Lok/khurk ,oa fodkl ds :i esa Lok/khurkA ekuo lqj{kk dh bl foLr`r
vo/kkj.kk dk veyhdj.k yksdra= ds lEiw.kZ vFkks± esa ,oa lexz :i esa
ekuo lekt o jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ds }kjk vkRelkrhdj.k ls gh laHko
gSA yksdra= dks ,d “kklu O;oLFkk ds lkFk&lkFk ewY; O;oLFkk ds :i
esa Lohdkjus ,oa lQyhHkwr djus esa gSA ckSf)d txr ds ckSf)d foe”kZ
ds dsUnz esa ,d cM+k eqík ;g gS fd uDlyokn ekuo lqj{kk ds
fy, ,d cM+k [krjk ,oa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh fn”kk esa ,d xaHkhj pqukSrh
gSA ysfdu gesa ;g le>uk gksxk fd uDlyokn ds möo ds vkjafHkd
dky dh oSpkfjdh] lS)kafrdh o fopkj/kkjkRed vo/kkj.kk ekDlZ] ,atsYl]
ysfuu ,oa ekvks esa “kksf’kr oxZ ds ekuo lqj{kk ds O;kid vFkZ dks
lkdkj :i nsus ds la?k’kZ ds :i esa le>k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu ckn ds
o’kks± esa uDlyokn dk fopkj/kkjkRed HkVdko ,oa voljokfnrk us

297
uDlyokn dks blds “kksf’kr lekt ds ekuo lqj{kk LFkkiuk dh O;kid
lS)kafrdh ls gVkdj ekuo lqj{kk ds xaHkhj [krjk] ns”k dh vkarfjd
lqj{kk dh lcls xaHkhj pqukSrh dh fn”kk esa ys tkrk gSA esjk “kks/k&i=
uDlyokn ds vkjafHkd lS)kafrdh o leFkZu dks yksdra= ds lanHkZ esa
dSls le>k tk ldrk gS rFkk oÙkZeku esa uDlyokn ds lS)kafrd
HkVdko] mlds fgald ,oa ekuo lqj{kk ds fy, xaHkhj [krjs okyh izd`fr
dks fdl izdkj yksdrkaf=d ewY;ksa ,oa lk/kuksa ls lqy>k;k tk ldrk gS
vkSj bl fn”kk esa D;k&D;k leL;k,¡ ,oa laHkkouk,¡ gks ldrh gSa] bUgha
tfVy ,oa my>h vo/kkj.kkvksa ij ckjhd fo”ys’k.k izLrqr djus dk
iz;kl djsxkA

cky vf/kdkj vkSj cky lqj{kk% varjkZ"Vªh; ifjçs{;

fuf/k y¨/kh
'kks/kkFkhZ
y[kuÅ] fo'ofo|ky;] y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k
cPps fdlh Hkh lekt dh vewY; laifÙk gSa vkSj jk"Vª ds
fodkl esa mudh ,d fuf'pr Hkwfedk gksrh gSA fdlh jk"Vª dk Hkfo";
bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd muds cPpksa dk ikyu iks"k.k fdl rjg
fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd os ns'k ds Hkkoh ukxfjd cu ldsA dqN cPps
vius lkekftd, vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k de mez esa dke djus
yxrs gSaA cPpksa dks dke ij Hksts tkus dk eq[; dkj.k xjhch gSA
ckyJe dh leL;k fo'o Hkj esa ,d cM+h fpark dk fo"k; cu x;h gSA
ckyJe ekSfyd ekuokf/kdkjksa dk mYya?ku gS] ;g cPpksa ds fodkl esa
ck/kk mRiUu djrk gSA cky Jfedksa dks lqj{kk çnku djus ds fy, ILO
vkSj UNO tSlh varjjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa }kjk dbZ rjg ds dkuwuh çko/kku
fd, x, gSaA ;g 'kks/ki= cky vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, fd, x,
varjjk"Vªh; çko/kuksa ij dsafær gSA

laiks"k.kh; fodkl vkSj vaR;ksn; vk/kkfjr ;kstuk,¡

vatq ikaMs
'kks/kkFkhZ
jktuhfr foKku foHkkx
vkpk;Z ujsUæ nso uxj mp;fuxe efgyk egkfo|ky;
N=ifr lkgwth egkjkt ;wfuoflZVh
dkuiqj] mÙkj çns'k

298
laiks"k.kh; fodkl ds fy, Hkkoh ih<+h dks /;ku esa j[kdj lalk/kuksa dk
nksgu fd;k tkrk gS] Hkkjr esa Hkh laiks"k.kh; fodkl y{;ksa dks iwjk djus
dk iz;kl gS tks vaR;ksn; ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls dkQh gn rd fd;k
tk jgk gSA vaR;ksn; dk fopkj iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; th us fn;k
Fkk ftlds vuqlkj lekt dh drkj ds vafre ik;nku ij [kM+s O;fDr
dk fodkl igyh izkFkfedrk gSA vaR;ksn; dk fopkj bl le; ,d
ojnku dh rjg dke dj jgk D;ksafd ftu ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds ewy
esa vUR;ksn; n’kZu gS os laiks"k.kh; fodkl dks c<+kok ns jghA ;fn
yxkrkj ,slh ;kstukvksa ij cy fn;k tk, rks ge fVdkÅ fodkl dk
izkIr djus esa ihNs ugha jgsaxsA cl blds fy, csgrj uhfr fuekZ.k vkSj
lq’kklu ds lkFk Ik;kZIr bPNk 'kfDr dk gksuk t:jh gSA

fcgkj esa e| fu"ks/k vkSj efgyk lqj{kk% ,d v/kwjh uhfr

iadt dqekj feJk
'kks/kkFkhZ
yksd&ç'kklu foHkkx
ex/k fo'ofo|ky;] cks/kx;k] fcgkj
Hkkjr] lkaL—frd :i ls le`) vkSj fofo/krkiw.kZ ns'k gksus
ds ukrs] efgykvksa ds ekeys esa bldk ,d tfVy bfrgkl gSA lfn;ksa
ls] Hkkjrh; efgykvksa dks fofHkUu çdkj ds HksnHkko] nqoZ~;ogkj vkSj fgalk
dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+k gS] ftlls os 'kkjhfjd vkSj HkkoukRed vk?kkr ds
çfr laosnu'khy gks xbZ gSaA Hkkjr esa efgyk,¡ orZeku esa 'kjkccanh
vkanksyu esa lcls vkxs gSaA fcgkj ls ysdj vka/kz çns'k rd] efgyk,¡
vius ?kjksa esa blds çfrdwy çHkkoksa& ;kuh fyax vk/kkfjr fgalk vkSj
foÙkh; ruko dk gokyk nsrs gq, jkT; ljdkjksa ij 'kjkc ij çfrca/k
yxkus dk ncko cukus ds fy, lM+dksa ij mrjh gSaA fcgkj ds eq[;ea=h
uhrh'k dqekj us bl eqís ij dkjZokbZ djus ds vius pqukoh okns dks iwjk
djrs gq, ,d dkuwu ikfjr fd;k gS tks iwjs jkT; esa 'kjkc ds mRiknu]
forj.k] ifjogu] laxzg] HkaMkj.k] dCts] [kjhn] fcØh vkSj [kir ij iwjh
rjg ls çfrca/k yxkrk gSA ;g vf/kfu;e ,d efgyk ds fgalk vkSj
nqoZ~;ogkj vkSj ?kjsyw fgalk dk lkeuk djus okyh efgykvksa dks lqj{kk
vkSj jkgr çnku djrk gSA çLrqr vkys[k blh lanHkZ esa fcgkj e|
fu"ks/k dkuwu] efgyk lqj{kk esa fdruk çHkko iM+k bldk v/;;u djus
dk ç;kl fd;k gS

299
 ekuo lqj{kk çca/ku esa ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh Hkwfedk
uhrh'k pkS/kjh
'kks/kkFkhZ
jkuh nqxkZorh tcyiwj fo'ofo|ky;
e/; çns'k
ावहा रक ि से देखे तो मानव सुर ा समाज म जीवन यापन करने वाले
लोगों के दैनंिदन आव कताओं की एक मुख इकाई ह। इसका अिभ ाय
समाज म रहने वाले मनु ों की सुर ा से ह। यथाथ म इसम समाज के
ेक वग समूह के मनु ों, रा ों और संपूण रा की सुर ा िनिहत ह
िजसे थायी समृ के ारा आ िकया जा सकता ह। इसकी कृित
िकसी एक पीढ़ी या धारणा मा तक सीिमत नहीं ह अिपतु यह मनु के
भावी भिव के िलए समता-आधा रत ह। इस तरह यह कहा जा सकता ह
िक मानव सुर ा सभी मनु ों की सभी थानों पर जैसे उनके िनवास,
द र, सड़कों, समुदायों, पयावरण व अ सावजिनक थानों इ ािद
की सुर ा से ह। मानव सुर ा िकसी संयोग से नहीं ब यह िवक पर
आधा रत ह। यह सभी ी-पु ष, ब -े बूढ़े के सश करण के िलए
उपयोगी ह।

Lo;a lgk;rk lewg% xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds thou esa cnyko

dqekjh 'kk[kh
'kks/kkFkhZ
yksd ç'kklu foHkkx
ex/k fo'ofo|ky;
cks/k x;k fcgkj
nqfu;k esa ,slk dksà Hkh ns'k ugÈ gS tgk¡ efgykvksa dks gkf'k,s
ij j[kdj vkÆFkd fodkl laHko gqvk gksA efgykvksa dks fodkl dh
eq[;èkkjk ls tksMs+ fcuk fdlh lekt] jkT; o ns'k ds vkÆFkd]
lkekftd o jktuhfrd fodkl dh ladYiuk Hkh ugÈ dh tk ldrhA
Hkkjr dh dqy vkcknh dh vkèkh efgykvksa dks l'kDr cuk, fcuk lq–<+
Hkkjr dk liuk iwjk ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk] fo'ks"kdj *xzkeh.k efgyk*
dks l'kDr fd, fcukA Lo;a lgk;rk lewg efgyk l'kfDrdj.k dh
çfØ;k esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSa ftlesa ckaXykns'k ds çfl)
vFkZ'kkL=h eqgEen ;quwl [kku dk ç;kl mYys[kuh; jgk gSA bUgksaus
1970 ls gh y?kqfoÙk vkUnksyu dh 'kq#vkr dh Fkh ftlds rgr xjhcksa]
fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa dks fcuk fdlh 'krZ ds _.k nsus dh O;oLFkk dh

300
x;h vkSj vkt y?kqfoÙk vkanksyu fo”o ds 7 gtkj laLFkkvksa }kjk
pyk;k tk jgk gS] ftlls yxHkx 1 djksM+ 6 yk[k yksxksa dks jkstxkj
fn;k tk pqdk gSA okLro esa Lo;a lgk;rk lewg xk¡o ds O;fDr;ksa
dk ,d ,slk laxBu gS tks viuh bPNk ls laxfBr gksdj] fu;fer :i
ls FkksM+h&FkksM+h cpr dj lkewfgd fufèk esa tek djrs gSa rFkk ftldk
mi;ksx lnL;ksa dh vkdfLed vko';drk dh iwÆr ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA bl çdkj lewg ds lnL; g¶rs vFkok eghus esa ,d ckj cSBd dj
fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ dj] ,d nwljs dh leL;kvksa dk lekèkku djrs
gSa] ftlls ;s efgyk;sa xjhch] csjkstxkjh rFkk fuj{kjrk ds pØO;wg ls
fudydj l'kfDrdj.k dh fn'kk esa dne c<+k jgh gS vkSj u dsoy
vkÆFkd cfYd lkekftd ,oa jktuSfrd vk;keksa ij Hkh l'kfDrdj.k dh
vkSj vxzlj gSaA
Loa; lgk;rk lewg ,d ,slk ekè;e gS ftldh
lgk;rk ls efgykvksa us ,d uà igpku cukà gSA blds lkFk gh Loa;
lgk;rk lewg us lewg dh efgykvksa dks vU; efgykvksa ds lkFk vius
lEcUèkksa dks etcwr djus rFkk ,d nwljs dh enn djrs gq, vius y{;ksa
dks çkIr djus esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku fn;k gSA Lo&lgk;rk lewg esa dk;Z
djus ds dkj.k efgykvksa ds vkRefo”okl LokfHkeku] vkRe xkSjo esa o`f)
gksrh gSA ?kjsyw ifjfèk ds ckgj ,d lewg ds :i esa NksVh&NksVh cpr
bdV~Bh djds _.k ysdj cSad deZpkfj;ksa ls laidZ dj y?kq mn~;e
LFkkfir djds lewg dh cSBdksa dh dk;Z o`f) djus ls mUgsa xkSjo
eglwl gksrk gSA

301
 4th Annual IIHSG Conference 2024
Programme Schedule
Venue: Constantia Hall, YWCA; 1, Ashoka Road, New Delhi - 11000, India
Day 1: 30th September, 2024
Inaugural Session (10 – 11.30 am) (Hybrid)
National Anthem Moderator of the Programme: Harshita Sharma
(10.00 – 10.05 am) Youth Delegate, United Nations 2024
Welcome Address Dr. Nandini Basistha
(10.05 – 10.10 am) Convenor of Conference & Executive Director, Interdisciplinary
Institute of Human Security & Governance (IIHSG), Delhi, India
Inaugural Address 1. Prof. Dr. Aurora Martin
(10.10 – 10.20 am) 2. Co-Convenor of Conference & Professor, Doctor Honoris Causa,
V. Brusov University, Yerevan, Lector, Romanian Language Institute
Keynote Address Prof. Dr. Swaran Singh
(10.20 – 10.40 am) Centre for International Politics, Organisation & Disarmament,
School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi

302
 Chief Guest Smt. Rekha Sharma
(10.40 – 11 am) Hon'ble Chairperson (former), National Commission for Women,
India
Guest of Honour Mr. Saroj Kr. Mahapatra
(11 – 11.20 am) Ex-Officio Member Secretary & Executive Director, Pradan,
New Delhi, India
Special Address Prof. Alka Parikh
(11.20 – 11.40 am) Director, Centre for Field Learning, Ahmedabad, India
Topic: Progress on Indicators of Human Development & Security:
The Study of Sustainable Development Goals
Vote of Thanks Prof. Alka Parikh
(11.40 – 11.50 am) Director, Centre for Field Learning, Ahmedabad, India

303
 Special Session on Bangladesh (11.50 – 1 pm) (Hybrid)
⮚ Moderator: Renuka Shyam Narain, Research Analyst, Kota Heart and Research Center,
Rajasthan & Harshita Sharma, Youth Delegate, United Nations 2024
⮚ Chair (5 mins): Dr. Salu Dsouza, Associate Professor, Christ University - Lavasa campus,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins): Al Amin, Assistant Professor, Jagannath University
 Resource Person (10 mins each): Dr. Nibedita Roy, Associate Professor, Jagannath
University, Bangladesh
Topic: Securing Child Security through Global Governance: A Study on Primary
Education Development Programme of Bangladesh
& Tania Ahmed Uma, Officer on Special Duty Directorate of Secondary & Higher
Education, Ministry of Education, Bangladesh
Topic: Unravelling Geo-Psychological Dynamics: Extremism & Islamic Terrorism among
the Kuki-Chin Ethnic Minority in the Trijunction of India, Bangladesh & Myanmar
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):

304
1. Security Challenges & Socio-Political Exclusion: A Study on Asur Community: Dr.
Nibedita Roy, Associate Professor, Jagannath University, Dhaka & Ankan Ray, College
Teacher, Maheshtala College, West Bengal, India
2. State of the Artisans Engaged in Jamdani Industry of Bangladesh: A Literature Review:
Rojina Yesmin, M. Phil Researcher, Dept. of Social Work, Jagannath University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh & Lecturer, Dept. of Social Work, Narayanganj College, Narayanganj,
Bangladesh & Prof. Dr. Mostafa Hasan, Department of Social Work, Jagannath
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3. The State of Human Security in the Phase of Heatwaves in Bangladesh: Al Amin,
Assistant Professor, Jagannath University & Noorana, Associate Professor, Jagannath
University & Noorjahan, Assistant Professor, Jagannath University
4. Geopolitical Impact of Civil War in Myanmar: Exploring the Politics of Place & Space:
Mohammad Aynul Islam, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science,
University of Dhaka & Md. Mazhar Uddin Bhuiyan, Research Associate,
Microgovernance Research Initiative (MGR), University of Dhaka
5. Use of Social Media, Emerging Cyberbullying, & Mental Health: A Study Among the
University Students of Bangladesh: Md. Masudur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Jatiya
Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

305
6. The Intersection of Human Rights & Human Security: Philosophical Perspectives:
Farhad Ahmed, Assistant Professor, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
7. Impact of Myanmar's Rakhine Conflict on Border Areas in Bangladesh: A Human
Security Perspective: Al Amin, Assistant Professor, Jagannath University
8. Identity Politics as a Challenge to Human Security in Bangladesh: Dr. Suman Singh,
Assistant Professor, B. D. College, Patliputra University, Patna
9. Impact of Cyclone on the Southern Coastal Region Women of Bangladesh & Their Coping
Strategies: Md. Jahidur Rahman, Researcher, Social Science Research Council (SSRC),
Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, The People's Republic of Bangladesh
10. Analyzing the SDG of Clean Water & Sanitation in the Frame of Old Dhaka: Fouzia
Akter, Student, Jagannath University, Dhaka
11. Unveiling the Silent Architects of Peace: The Vital Role of Women in Conflict Resolution
& Peacebuilding Across Global Landscapes: Shanjida Lubna, Master’s Student,
Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

 Q & A (10 mins)

306
 Best Paper Awards & Book Release Ceremony (1 – 2 pm) (Hybrid)
Presided by: Prof. Saroj Kumar Verma
Professor, Dean & Head (Former), Dept. of
Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences,
Jayaprakash University, Bihar; presently Vice
Chairman, Indian Institute of Public
Administration, Bihar Regional Branch, Patna &
Visiting Fellow, Centre for Study of Society and
Politics (CSSP), Kanpur

1. Human Security in a Polarized World

307
Editors: Prof. Dr. Aurora Martin (Professor, Doctor Honoris Causa, V. Brusov University,
Yerevan, Lector at the Romanian Language Institute) & Dr. Nandini Basistha (Executive
Director, IIHSG, New Delhi, India)

2. Law, Human Security & Global Governance

Editor: Dr. Boby Narayan (Section Officer, Central Vigilance Commission, New Delhi;
Assistant Registrar (former), National Company Law Registrar, New Delhi & Senior Fellow
(Honorary), IIHSG, New Delhi, India
3. Human Security: The Power to Empower
Editor: Dr. Divya Mishra (Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Magadh
University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India)
4. Human Security, Gender and Sustainable Development
Editor: Dr. Priyanka Singh (Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Magadh
University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India)
5. Changing Perspectives of Security in the 21st Century

308
Editors: Latika Yadav (Lecturer, IIS (Deemed to be) University, Jaipur); Harshita Sharma
(Assistant Professor (Visiting), IIS University, Jaipur) & Dr. Deepshikha Parashar (Assistant
Professor (Selection Grade) , IIS (Deemed to be) University, Jaipur)
6. The Human Security Paradigm: Challenges & Opportunities
Editors: Dr. Priti Chahal (Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee College, University of Delhi); Dr. Meenakshi Mawi (Department of Political
Science, Ramjas College, University of Delhi) & Dr. Megha Kumari (Assistant Professor,
Sahibganj College, Sahibganj, Jharkhand)
7. ‘Sovereign Democracy’: The Origin
Author: Dr. Kritanjali Saikia (Assistant Professor, Bihpuria College, Assam)
8. Rajya Sarkarada Yojanegalu haagu Parishishta Pangadagala Sabalikarana
Author: Manjunatha J (Research Scholar, Tumkur University, Tumkuru, Karnataka)
9. Security and Global Governance
Author: Imran Ahmad Khan (Doctoral Research Scholar, Department of Political Science,
University of Kashmir)
10. Problems and Prospects of Sino-Bangladesh Bilateral Relations: An Analysis
Author: Tania Ahmed Uma (Officer on Special Duty Directorate of Secondary & Higher
Education, Ministry of Education, Bangladesh)

309
11. Advancing Human Security: Perspectives on Global Governance
Editor: Prof. (Dr.) Preeta Nilesh (Principal, The K.E.T.’s V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science
and Commerce (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)

विशेष सत्र : मानि सुरक्षा और िै विक शासन (2 – 3 pm) (Hybrid)

⮚ Chair (5 mins): Prof. Dr. Seema Choudhary, Govt. College Bundi, Rajasthan
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins): Dr. Shobha Singh, Assistant Professor, Govt. College Bagru,
Rajasthan
⮚ Resource Person (10 mins): Prof. Padma Meena, Dept. of Political Science, Lal
Bahadur Shastri Govt. College Kotputli
Topic: ekuo lqj{kk vkSj la;qä jk"Vª la?k dk –f"Vdks.k
Dr. Mohammad Ali, Assistant Professor, Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College,
Bakhtiyarpur, Patna, Bihar
Topic: efgyk lqj{kk ds lanHkZ esa 'kklu vkSj lekt

310
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
1. ekuo lqj{kk ds LFkkiuk ds lUnHkZ esa uDlyokn leL;k dk yksdrkaf=d lek/kku : leL;k;sa ,oa
lEHkkouk;sa: M‚- lqcks/k çlkn jtd, lgk;d çk/;kid] jktuhfr 'kkL= foHkkx] xksìk egkfo|ky;]
xksìk] >kj[kaM
2. ekuo lqj{kk vkSj dkuwu: M‚- fla/kq djdsêk] lgk;d çk/;kid] ej[kke d‚yst v‚Q dkelZ] gtkjhckx]
>kj[kaM
3. efgyk lqj{kk: fparu o pqukSfr;k¡: M‚ ykMyh dqekjh] lgk;d çk/;kid] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx]
ek[kZe d‚yst v‚Q d‚elZ] gtkjhckx] >kj[kaM
4. Lo;a lgk;rk lewg:xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds thou esa cnyko: dqekjh 'kk[kh] 'kks/kkFkh] yksd ç'kklu
foHkkx] ex/k fo'ofo|ky;] cks/k x;k] fcgkj
5. ekuo lqj{kk çca/ku esa ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh Hkwfedk: uhrh'k pkS/kjh] 'kks/kkFkhZ] jkuh nqxkZorh tcyiwj
fo'o&fo|ky;] e/;çns'k
6. laiks"k.kh; fodkl vkSj vaR;ksn; vk/kkfjr ;kstuk,¡ : vatq ikaMs] 'kks/kkFkhZ] jktuhfr foKku foHkkx]
vkpk;Z ujsUæ nso uxj & mp;fuxe efgyk egkfo|ky;] N=ifr lkgwth egkjkt ;wfuoflZVh]
dkuiqj] mÙkj çns'k

311
7. cky vf/kdkj vkSj cky lqj{kk% varjkZ"Vªh; ifjçs{;: fuf/k y¨/kh] 'kks/kkFkhZ] y[kuÅ] fo'ofo|ky;]
y[kuÅ] mÙkj çns'k
8. fcgkj esa e| fu"ks/k vkSj efgyk lqj{kk : ,d v/kwjh uhfr: iadt dqekj feJk] 'kks/kkFkhZ] yksd ç'kklu
foHkkx] ex/k fo'ofo|ky;] cks/k x;k] fcgkj
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)

Parallel Technical Sessions 1 & 2 (3 – 5 pm IST)

Technical Session 1: Gender Security & Technical Session 2 - Gender Security
Global Governance & Global Governance (Online: Zoom)
Venue: Constantia Hall, YWCA, Delhi  Chair (5 mins):
Prof. (Dr.) Shalini Saxena, Professor
⮚ Chair (5 mins):
(Politics & Management), AGBS, Amity,
Prof. Shiladitya Chakraborty, Dept. of
Political Science, University of Kalyani Chennai
 Co-Chair (5 mins):
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins): Dr. Amartya Saha, Assistant Professor,
New Alipore College

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Dr. Sumana Das, Associate Professor, & Dr. Tinni Dutta, Assistant Professor,
B. Borooah College, Assam Department of Psychology, Muralidhar
Girls' College, Kolkata, India
⮚ Resource Person (10 mins):
 Resource Person (10 mins):
Prof. (Dr.) Sunita Nambiyar, Faculty of
Social Work & Dr. Hemang Joshi, PhD Shrihari Pandey, IPS, presently,
Scholar, The Maharaja Sayajirao Superintendent of Police, Kalimpong
University of Baroda, Vadodara, District, West Bengal Police
Topic: Cross-Border Trafficking of
Gujarat, India
Women & Children in Nepal & India:
Topic: Servant Leadership - Key to Good
The Role of Law Enforcement Agencies
Governance
& Amb. Opara Grace Nyemachi,
& Dr. Mita Howladar, Associate
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,
Professor, Department of Education,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Africa
Jadavpur University, West Bengal
Topic: Environmental Sustainability
Topic: Reimagining International
Security: The Increasing Influence of Policies & Practices in Children’s
Women Homes: A Case Study of Rivers State
& Dr. Veeragoni Shirisha, Assistant  Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
1. Assessing Citizen Preferences for
Professor, Centre for the Study of Social
Women's Security & Governance

313
Exclusion & Inclusive Policy, Measures in Jaipur: A Conjoint Analysis
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Approach: Dr. Ruchi Jain, Associate
Delhi Professor, IIS (deemed to be University),
Topic: Women’s Security and Jaipur & Dr. Palak Khandelwal
Governance: Challenges for Inclusive Independent Researcher
Development 2. Unveiling the Vulnerabilities in
Laws: Child Security at the Crossroads
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
of Governance: Sukriti Srivastava,
1. Human Security & the Question of
Assistant Professor, KPMSOL, Narsee
Gender: An Exploration: Dr.
Monjee Institute of Management
Sanchita Nag, Assistant Professor in
Studies University, Mumbai
Political Science, Kazi Nazrul Islam
3. Ensuring Transgender Security:
Mahavidyalaya, Paschim Burdwan,
Efficacy of the Legislation for Sexual
West Bengal
Crimes in India's New Nyaya Sanhita:
2. Mental Health Challenge:
Governance Strategies for Protecting Dr. Moumita Rout Majumdar, Assistant
Elderly Women in India: Dr. Professor, Amity University,
Rajkumari Meena, HoD & Assistant Maharashtra
 4. Gender Equity & Empowerment: An
Professor, Department of
Analysis through the Prism of

314
 Psychology, Maharaja Agrasen Sustainable Development Goals: Dr.
Himalayan Garhwal University, Satabdi Das, Assistant Professor, Dept.
Shivanagar Pokhra, Pauri Garhwal, of Political Science, South Calcutta
Uttarakhand Girls' College
3. Environmental Security &
 5. Gendered Climate: Climate Justice as
Sustainability: Dr. Subhash Sihag, a Means to Enhance Women’s Security
Assistant Professor of English, Govt. & Empowerment: Pratyayee Saha,
College, Bhattu Kalan & Darshan Independent Researcher, & Sagnik
Singh, Assistant Professor, Chakraborty, Assistant Professor,
Geography Govt. College, Bhattu Department of Law, Brainware
Kalan University
4. Sustainability : The Only way to 6. Comprehending Livelihood
Environment Security: Dr. Subhash Challenges & Digital Inaccessibility
Sihag, Assistant Professor of Among Rural Female Workers: An
English, Govt. College, Bhattu Kalan Investigation of Darbhanga: Dr. Sheela
5. Preventing Cyberbullying & Yadav, Assistant Professor, LN Mithila
Cybercrimes against Children in University, Darbhanga, Bihar & Sudha
India: A Review of the Current State: Yadav, Research Scholar, Indian
Dr. Sapna K Sharma, Assistant Institute of Technology, Roorkee

315
 Professor, & Dr. Upendra Tripathi, 7. Women’s Leadership & Decision
Researcher, Himachal Pradesh Making in Local Governance: Breaking
University, Shimla Barriers & Shaping Policy: Pratibha
6. Beyond Enrolment: Assessing the Singh, Assistant Professor, B.M.S.
Impact of Mukhyamantri Balika College of Law, Bengaluru
(Snatak) Protsahan Yojna on Girls’ 8. Visibility of Patriarchal Institute of
Retention & Socio-Economic the State with Context to Women's
Dynamics in Darbhanga District: Dr. Political Security: Dr. Seema Das,
Sheela Yadav, Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Mahila
LN Mithila University, Darbhanga, Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu
Bihar & Monika Jha, Academic University, Varanasi
Associate (Economics), Great Lakes 9. Security of Women in India:
institute of Management, Gurgaon Addressing Challenges & Implementing
7. From Policy to Practice: Women Measures: Dr. G. Sheela Edward,
Security through the Governance Assistant Professor, TBML College,
Perspective: Himanshi Kadyan, Porayar, Bharathidasan University
Research Scholar, Centre for 10. Understanding The Climate Crisis &
International Politics and Area its Impacts on Women in India: Dr.
Studies, SHD Research Foundation

316
8. Gender & Sustainable Development Vaishali Jain, Assistant Professor,
Goals: Where We Stand?: Ashwini Kurukshetra University
Kirti, Research Scholar, Department 11. Advancing Transgender Human
of Social Work, University of Delhi Security in India: Policy Insights &
9. Gender Differences in Financial Empowerment Initiatives: Kiran
Literacy & Its Impact on Financial Badoni, Doctoral Research Fellow,
Well-being: Anish Mishra, Pradeep Central University of Karnataka
Kumar Prajapati, & Hrishi Kumar 12. Child Security in the Context of the
Gond, Research Scholar, Indira Global Refugee Crisis: The Role of
Gandhi National Tribal University & Global Governance: Shivani Rai,
Dr. Sushil Kumar Singh, Associate Research Scholar, PhD. Savitribai
Professor, Department of Business Phule University, Pune, Maharashtra
Management, Indira Gandhi 13. Cyber Misogyny: Analyzing
National Tribal University, Women's Security in Indian Political
Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh Discourse: Nini Thomas, Research
10. Reproductive Justice of Palestinian Associate, Dr. Vishwanath Karad, MIT
Women in the Occupied Territories World Peace University
of Palestine  14. Analysing Gender Differences in
Attitudes towards Acceptance of Rape

317
 Gayathri Pramod Panamoottil, Perception: Harshita Bajaj, Research
Research Scholar, University of Scholar, National Forensic Sciences
Kerala, Karavattom campus University
11. Role of Women & Democracy in  15. Shaping Tomorrow: The Human
India: A Case Study of Bihar: Tahira Rights Journey Towards Inclusive
Anjum, Research Scholar, Central Future for Children with Intellectual
University of South Bihar and Developmental Disabilities:
12. Women Empowerment: 75 years of Hameeda Begum Safavi, PhD Scholar,
Independence & Role of Women in Galgotias University & Dr. Sandhya
Indian Politics and Administration: Kumari, Professor, School of Law,
Niva Patra, Student, Devi Ahilya Galgotias University
Vishwavidhyalaya, Indore 16. Understanding the Role of State in
13. Unlocking the Potential of Maternal the Empowerment of Women: A Study of
Employment: How it Affects Family Sales Girls in Sikkim: Monica Lakandri,
Dynamics & Empowers Women: PhD. Scholar, Sikkim University
Kalpana Singh, Senior Research 17. Stubble Burning: Some Issues and
Fellow, Dayanand Brajendra Concerns: Prof. Dr. Manpreet Grewal,
Swarup P.G. College, Kanpur HoD, Chitkara Law School, Chitkara
University, Punjab; Dr. Kirat Grewal,

318
14. Innocence Under Siege: Exploring Assistant Professor, Chitkara Law
Child Security in Gaza: Arnab School , Chitkara University ,Punjab &
Mukherjee, PhD Scholar, University Sneha Walia, Student, Chitkara Law
of Kalyani, West Bengal School, Chitkara University, Punjab
15. Entrenching Feminist Finance for 18. India’s Engagement with South
Prevention of Gender Based Violence Asia: A Gendered Perspective on
in Climate Crises: Vani Bhardwaj, Foreign Policy: Surbhi Sharma,
Co-President Society of Gender Research Scholar, Amity University,
Professionals Uttar Pradesh
16. Enhancing Women’s Security within 19. Empowering Rural Women in
Governance Frameworks: A Mandya District: A Comparative Study
Multifaceted Analysis: Pankhuri of Financial Schemes for Sustainable
Shivam, Student, Tata Institute of Economic Development & Their Impact
Social Sciences on Livelihoods: Indira M, Research
17. Feminist Perspective on Security: Scholar, Presidency University
Syeda Aaliya Mazhar, Student, Bengaluru
University of Delhi 20. Women Security, Health Practices in
18. Remote Work & Women Security in Colonial Punjab: A Historical Study:
Post-Pandemic South Asia:

319
 Governance Challenges & Ashutosh Singh, Research Scholar,
Responses: Muskan Dhalwal, Kurukshetra University, Haryana
Student, South Asian University 21. Human Security & Global
19. Securing Vulnerability: Women & Governance: Women Security &
Children in Conflict Zones & Global Governance: Spriha Bisht, College
Governance: Harsheen Kour, Student, Christ (Deemed to be
Student, IGNOU University), Pune Lavasa Campus,
Maharashtra, India
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)
22. Role of Hindu Religion to Secure
Human & Social Security in India:
Ipsita Chakraborty, State Aided College
Teacher, South Calcutta Girls' College,
West Bengal
23. Global Governance & Safe
Childhood: The Role of UN Agencies in
Implementing International Child
Protection Policies: Sheeba Sheikh, PhD
Scholar, Jamia Millia Islamia

320
  Q & A (10 mins)

Day 2: 1st October, 2024

Panel of KET’s V G Vaze College, Mumbai (8–10 am) (Online: Zoom)

⮚ Chair (5 mins): Prof. (Dr.) Preeta Nilesh, Principal, The K.E.T.’s V. G. Vaze
College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins): Dr. Shilpa Suryawanshi, Head & Associate Professor,
Department of Political Science

321
⮚ Resource Person (10 mins): Reena Pillai, Assistant Professor, Department of
Law; Topic: Human Security & Global Governance
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
1. Slum Living & Human Security: Dr. Vaishali Sambodhan Dhammapathee, HoD
& Associate Professor
2. Exploring the Interaction of Social Support Networks in Human Security:
Understanding Psychological Resilience among the Indian Immigrant
Population: Sharvari Gupte, Assistant Professor & Dhriti Mishra, Student
3. Nuclear Energy: A Catalyst for Human Welfare: Vishakha Patil, Assistant
Professor
4. Is Reunification a Viable Option for North & South Korea?: A Game Theory
Analysis: Trishna Rajiv Saraf, Assistant Professor
5. The Bishnois: A Living Example of Sustainability: Arpita Joshi, Assistant
Professor & Coordinator
6. A Survey of the Contribution of Public Distribution Systems in the Assuring
Food Security in the Thane City: Jaiee Suhas Bhat, Assistant Professor
7. GMOs - A Novel & Disputed Weapon to Address Food Security! Nupoor
Muralidhar Telawane, Assistant Professor

322
8. A Study on Environmental Security: A Framework for Global Sustainability:
Dr. Shweta Jamble, Assistant Professor & Kalyani P. Patil, Student
9. Security Dynamics in the Great Game with special reference to the British
Position in the Trucial States: Harshana Nikam, Assistant Professor
10. Aquaponics: A Sustainable Farming Method for Global and Food Security: Jatin
Vaity & Gayatri Vaity, Assistant Professor

⮚ Q & A (10 mins)

Parallel Technical Sessions 3 & 4 (10 – 11 am IST)

Technical Session 3 – Environmental Technical Session 4 – Environmental
Security, Venue: Constantia Hall, YWCA Security (Online: Zoom)
 Chair (5 mins):
⮚ Chair (5 mins):
Dr. Mohan Singh Saggu, Associate
Professor, Baba Farid Law College
 Co-Chair (5 mins):

323
Dr. Arindam Roy, Associate Professor & Dr. Somdatta Banerjee, Assistant
HoD, Dept. of Political Science, The Professor, New Alipore College
University of Burdwan, West Bengal  Resource Person (10 mins):
Amb. Dr. Nnordee Bariagara King
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins): David, Registrar General, Awedu
Dr Meenakshi Mawi, Assistant Institute of Business Management &
Professor, Department of Political Leadership Nigeria, Africa & Student,
Science, Ramjas College, University of Anan University Business School
Delhi Topic: Effect of Corporate Governance
 Resource Person (10 mins): on Ethical Leadership in Deposit Money
Aladdin Hamed Mahmoud Shaker, PhD Banks in Nigeria
Scholar, Central University of Punjab, & Dr. Saurabh Chandra, Associate
Citizen of Egypt, Africa Professor, School of Law, Bennett
Topic: Circular Economy & E-Waste University
Management: Pathways to Topic: Analysis of Sentencing of White
Environmental Security in India Collar Crime Offenders
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each): & Dr. Saroj Gupta, Lecturer, V. N.
Government College, Gyanpur, Bhadohi

324
1. Decoding the Concept of Sustainable, Topic: Cornerstone of Judiciary in
Green, & Ethical Tourism in Promoting Sustainable Development:
Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Need of Specialized Green Court in
Bengal: Prof. (Dr.) Indrila Guha, India
Principal, Basanti Devi College,  Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
West Bengal & Dr. Atrayee 1. From Awareness to Action: Impact of
Education on Environmental
Banerjee, Teaching Faculty,
Security for Sustainable
Department of Human Rights,
Development: Naja K, Junior
Basanti Devi College, West Bengal Research Fellow, Department of
2. Sustainable Development Goals: The Education, University of Calicut &
Panacea for Human Security: Prof. Prof. Dr. A. Hameed, Professor,
Dr. Sudhira Chandra Jena (Retd.), Department of Education, University
Department of Political Science, of Calicut
Utkal University, Orissa 2. Unveiling Sustainable Lifestyles: A
3. Tracing the Roots of COVID-19 in Comprehensive Bibliometric
Malthusian Theory: Ecological Links Analysis: Akhila Chandran K, Junior
& Sustainability Challenges with a Research Fellow, Department of
Education, University of Calicut,

325
 focus on India: Sovik Mukherjee, Kerala & Prof. Dr. A. Hameed,
Assistant Professor in Economics, St. Professor, Department of Education,
Xavier’s University, Kolkata University of Calicut
4. A Comprehensive Analysis of The 3. Public Policy & Sustainable
Inter-Relationship Between Development in India: An Analysis:
Resource Conflicts & Human Manas Ranjan Behera, Assistant
Professor of Political Science
Security: Vijayasree Vishwanath,
(Teacher Education), Utkalmani
Assistant Professor, The Maharaja
Gopabandhu College of Teacher
Sayajirao University of Baroda Education, Orissa
5. From Policy to Practice: Advancing 4. Right to City & Sustainability in
Waste Management for Global India: An Urban Governance
Security: Himanshi Garg, Research Discourse: Dr. Kamalika Banerjee,
Scholar, Jamia Millia Islamia Assistant Professor, South Calcutta
6. Regional Income Inequalities & Girls' College, West Bengal
Sustainable Development Goals: An 5. Ecological Knowledge of Mahali
Indian Perspective: Maninder Kaur, Tribe: A Case of Indigenous
Epistemology for Future
Sustainability: Dr. Laxmiram Gope,

326
 Assistant Professor, Guru Nanak Assistant Professor, Department of
Dev University, Amritsar Education, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha
7. Interventions for Maximizing Impact University, Purulia, West Bengal &
on Sustainable Development Goals Sujit Kuiry, Research Scholar,
in India: A Focus on Poverty (SDG 1) Department of Education, Sidho-
& Hunger (SDG 2): Sunil Kalyanrao Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia,
West Bengal
Sonawane, Research Fellow,
6. An Interdisciplinary & Multifaceted
Department of Public
approach towards the Security of the
Administration, Dr. Babasaheb Environment for Survival of Modern
Ambedkar Marathwada University, Human Civilization: Dr. Paulomi
Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Mallick, Assistant Professor,
8. Environmental Protection in Vedic Brainware University, Kolkata
Literature: Insights & Practices: 7. Environmental Jurisprudence in
Richa Mittal, Research Scholar, India: A Study of Constitutional
Jiwaji University Mandate in Sustainable
9. From Vulnerability to Resilience: Development: Esita Das, Assistant
Strengthening South Asian Climate Professor, The Brainware University

327
 Policies for Human Security: Chhavi 8. The Effects of Carbon Emissions on
Saini, Research Scholar, IIS (deemed Human Health: An Empirical
to be University), Jaipur Analysis Based on India Data: Dr.
10. Environmental Security: Now A Hitesh & Dr. Nisha Datt, Assistant
Concern?: Twinkle Singhal, PhD Professor, Fairfield Institute of
Scholar, Amity University, Haryana Management and Technology, New
Delhi
11. Safeguarding Our Future: The Vital
9. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal
Role of Environmental Security:
Discomfort Among Florists in the
Chetan Mohan, Research Scholar, K. Unorganized Sector: An Ergonomics
R. Mangalam University and Health Security Study: Nidhi
12. Partnership for the Planet: Modi & Dattani, Assistant Professor,
Macron for a Greener World: Divyata Dept. of Resource Management
Shriya Pal, Student, Maharaja SPND Women's College, Ghatkopar,
Surajmal Institute Mumbai
13. Assessment of Furniture Waste 10. Bioenergy for Climate Change
Disposal Practices in Selected Mitigation & Sustainable
Higher Educational Institutions Of Development Goals: J K Mony
Angelus, Assistant Professor of Law,

328
 Vadodara City: Dr. Urvashi Mishra, Government Law College,
Assistant Professor, Department of Chengalpattu
Family & Community Resource 11. Why So Serious? Comedy as a
Management Faculty of Family & Cinematic Trope for Climate
Community Sciences, The Maharaja Advocacy: Exploring the Satirical
Sayajirao University of Baroda & sub-texts of Adam McKay’s Don't
Look Up (2021) & Animated Sci-fi
Suraksha Narang, PhD Scholar, The
Comedy Cloudy with a Chance of
Maharaja Sayajirao University of
Meatballs (2009): Purbali Sengupta,
Baroda Assistant Professor, Department of
⮚ Q & A (10 mins) Linguistics, Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad University of Technology
12. Transforming our World : the agenda
2030 for Sustainable Development:
Pradip Karmakar, State Aided
College Teacher, S.F.S.
Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal
13. Adapting to Climate Change: A Real-
Life Study on Economic Impacts &

329
 Resilience Strategies among
Indigenous Rural Farmers in Cachar,
Assam: Chandani Barman, PhD
Research Scholar, Faculty of Social
Work, The Maharaja Sayajirao
University of Baroda, Gujarat
14. Navigating Engendered Human
Security in a Conflict Zone: Insights
from Kashmir through Cinema in the
21st Century: Arti Devi, PhD Scholar,
Banaras Hindu University
15. Navigating Sustainability: Climate
Change in a Neoliberal Era: Sonakshi
Sharma, PhD Research Scholar,
Jammu University
16. Postural & Occupational Health
Challenges Faced by Bamboo & Cane
Weaving Craftsmen: Poripurna
Goswami, Research Scholar,

330
 Department of Family & Community
Resource Management, Faculty of
Family & Community Sciences, The
Maharaja Sayajirao University Of
Baroda, Gujarat
17. Non-Traditional Security: An
Analysis Through the Aspect Of
‘Clothing: Jacqueline Elisha Gomes,
PhD Scholar, Jain-Deemed to be
University, Bengaluru
18. Achieving Sustainable Development
Goals through PRIs: Challenges &
opportunities: Shibaram Karmakar,
Junior Research Fellow, Sidho-
Kanho-Birsha University
19. Breaking Barriers: Women's
Leadership in Global Governance &
Security: Shreya Sarkar, PhD

331
 Research Scholar, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata
20. Analysing India's National Education
Policy 2020 in the Context of
Sustainable Development Goals:
Rajani Patni, Research Scholar, IIS
(deemed to be) University, Jaipur &
Dr. Archana Gupta, Associate
Professor, IIS (deemed to be
University), Jaipur
21. Israel-Hamas War & its Implications
on Sustainable Development Goals in
Palestine: Nalinie Sharma, Research
Scholar, Guru Nanak Dev University,
Amritsar, Punjab, India
22. The Role of Education in Achieving
the Goals of Sustainable
Development: Indian Perspective: B
K Muniswamy, Research Scholar,

332
 Mansarovar Global University,
Sehore, Madhya Pradesh
23. Climate Change & Human Security
in India: Examining Impacts,
Challenges.: Priyanka, Student,
Ambedkar University, Delhi
24. Driving Sustainable Growth : The
Role of Indian Companies,
Infrastructure & Innovation
Achieving SDGs: Dewanshi Rana,
Student, Christ (Deemed to be
University), Pune Lavasa Campus,
Maharashtra, India
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)

Parallel Technical Sessions 5 & 6 (12 – 1 pm IST)

333
 Technical Session 3 – Law, Human Technical Session 4 - Law, Human
Security & Global Governance Security & Global Governance (Online)
Venue: Constantia Hall, YWCA ⮚ Chair (5 mins):
⮚ Chair (5 mins): Prof. Dr. Sujit Kumar Datta, Dept. of
Dr. Jayeeta Ray, Associate Professor & International Relations, University of
HoD, Rabindra Bharati University Chittagong
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins): ⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins):
Dr. Suman Maurya, Assistant Professor, Dr. Sneha Singh, Independent
Department of Political Science, Researcher and Advocate, Calcutta
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India High Court, Calcutta, India
⮚ Resource Person (10 mins): ⮚ Resource Person (10 mins):
Dagnachew Alemu Odamo, PhD Scholar Dr. Soham Samajpaty, MD (General
in the Department of Sociology, Central Medicine), ADPO (Cardiology), Resident
University of Punjab, India & DM (Internal Medicine), Department of
Faculty member of Wachemo Internal Medicine, Russian National
University, Ethiopia, Africa Research Medical University named

334
Topic: Historicising Ethnic Identity after NI Pirogov, Moscow, Russian
Politics in Ethiopia Federation
Topic: Neglected Aspects in Sexology &
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
1. Revealing the Human Cost: How Risk of Human Extinction
& Kiruthiga M P, Research Scholar,
Legal Gaps Fail Sex Trafficking
Tata Institute of Social Sciences &
Survivors: Bijetri Pathak, Assistant
Tashi Lhamo, Chief Program Officer,
Professor, Sikkim Manipal Higher Education Quality Council,
University & Prof. Shiladitya Bhutan Qualifications & Professional
Chakraborty, Professor Kalyani Certifications Authority
University, West Bengal Topic: Understanding Teacher Attrition
2. The Human Security in India & the in Bhutan for Ensuring Quality
Law of the Land: Dr. Chandrabhanu Education
Bharas, Assistant Professor,
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
Gautam Buddha University, Greater
1. Human Security & Law: A
Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Comprehensive Overview: S Syed Ali
3. Human Security & Cybersecurity: Fathima Nisha, Assistant Professor
Emerging Challenges in the Indian

335
 Context: Advocate Harshit Soni, Bar of Law, Crescent School of Law,
Council, Delhi Chennai
4. Public Diplomacy Reimagined: 2. When The Vulnerables are the Peace
Social Media & Digital Tools Negotiators: A Study of Kashmir:
Shaping Global Perceptions: Devarati Mandal, Assistant
Shantanu Sharma, Assistant Professor, Department of Political
Science, New Alipore College
Professor, The Maharaja Sayajirao,
3. Human Security in India: Legal
University of Baroda
Developments & Challenges post
5. Enhancing Human Security: The COVID-19: Rituparna Halder,
Evolving Role of International Law Assistant Professor, Brainware
In Addressing Global Threats: University
Navonita Mallick, PhD Scholar, KIIT 4. Digital Frontiers: Rethinking Law &
School of Law, Bhubaneswar Governance in the Age of
6. The Role of Non-State Actors in Connectivity: Dr. Khursheed Jamil,
Armed Conflicts & their Assistant Professor, Unity PG
Responsibilities under International College, University of Lucknow & Dr.
Humanitarian Law, including the Baseerat Fatima, Assistant Professor

336
 Legal Framework for Regulating The (Law), Unity PG Degree College,
Conduct of Armed Groups & The University of Lucknow
Challenges of Enforcing 5. Autonomy Demand and Bodoland
Accountability: Mohammed Raihan, Territorial Council : The Case of
Student, Christ (Deemed to be Ethnic Competition: Upamanyu
University), Pune, Lavasa Campus, Basu, PhD Scholar, West Bengal
National University of Juridical
Maharashtra, India
Sciences & Assistant Professor,
7. Empowering Minds: A Journey
Manav Rachna International
Towards Quality Education to Institute of Research and Studies,
Enhance National Security: Pragati India
Sharma, Student, School of Law, 6. Digital Transformation in India's
Christ (Deemed to be University), Education Sector: Navigating
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, Challenges & Embracing
India Opportunities: Aisha Zaheer,
Doctoral Research Scholar,
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)
University of Lucknow
7. Legal Framework on Plastic Waste
Management in India for Achieving

337
 Sustainable Development Goals:
Kirandeep Kaur, PhD Research
Scholar, Central University of
Punjab, Bathinda
8. Relationship Between Academic
Stress, Emotional Intelligence And
Mental Health Among Medical And
Engineering Students: An Empirical
Study: Basit Javeed Qureshi,
Research Scholar, Institute of Home
Science, University of Kashmir,
Srinagar & Dr. Shafia Nazir,
Associate Professor Institute of Home
Science, University of Kashmir,
Srinagar (J&K), India
9. The Role of Public Health In National
Security: A Theoretical & Practical
Analysis: Shashwata Sahu, PhD

338
 Scholar, School of Law, KIIT Deemed
to be University, Bhubaneswar
10. Human Security & Law:
Intersections, Challenges, &
Prospects: Eleta Francis Lobo,
Student, School of Law, Christ
(Deemed to be University), Pune
Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)

Parallel Technical Sessions 7 & 8 (1 – 3 pm IST)

Technical Session 7 – Security, Power Technical Session 8 - Security, Power &
& Governance Debates Governance Debates (Online: Zoom)
Venue: Constantia Hall, YWCA
⮚ Chair (5 mins):

339
 Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Biswas, Assistant
⮚ Chair (5 mins):
Professor, Department of International
Prof. Saroj Kumar Verma, Dean & Head
Relations, Central University of
(Former), Dept. of Political Science,
Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Faculty of Social Sciences, Jayaprakash
University, Bihar ⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins):
Suchhanda Ghosh, Associate Professor,
⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins):
Dr. Debamitra Dey, Associate Professor Department of Political Science,
Victoria Institution (College), Kolkata
in Sanskrit, West Bengal Higher
Education Service ⮚ Resource Person (10 mins):
Artyom A. Garin, Research Fellow,
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian
Academy of Sciences (IOS RAS),
Moscow, the Russian Federation
⮚ Resource Person (10 mins): Topic: Shared Vision for A Stable &
Dr. Biplab Debnath, Assistant Secure World: Aligning Global South's
Professor, Department of Political Humanitarian Aspirations & New
Science, Tripura University Perspectives on International Law

340
Topic: India’s Act East Policy & & Dr. Palu Joshi, Assistant Professor,
Northeast India: The Human Security Department of Political Science,
Dimension Kanoria PG Mahila Mahavidyalaya,
Jaipur
⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
1. India & its Role as a Security Topic: Traditional Security Challenges
Provider in the South Asian Region: to India in Globalised Multilateral
Dr. Aparajita, Assistant Professor, B. World: In Special to the Threat Posed by
China
D. College, Patliputra University
2. Between Peace & Deterrence: A & Aswini Kumar, PhD Candidate,
Study of the Security Issues with a National Chengchi University, Taipei,
Comparative Analysis of Just War in Taiwan (ROC)
Gita: Mousumi Das, Assistant Topic: Battle Against Cyber Conflict:
Professor, Rabindra Bharati Can National Cyber Strategy Be
Efficient to Enhance Its Defence? A
University
3. The Nexus of Narcotics & Terror Study on Cyber Threats & US National
Threats to National Security: Security Policy Response
Securing India’s North-East from ⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
Golden Triangle: Lav Kumar, PhD

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 Scholar, Central University of 1. Failed States & Maritime Piracy in
Gujarat & Dr. Siba Sankar Mohanty, the Indian Ocean Region: A Case
Assistant Professor, Centre for Study of Somalia: Gurvinder Kaur,
Diaspora Studies, Central University Assistant Professor, BMS College Of
of Gujarat Law, Bengaluru, Karnataka
4. Cybersecurity Governance- A 2. Assessing the Discrepancies in Terms
Defence Firewall against Cyber of Satisfaction & Dissatisfaction
Threats to Humans: Avinash Kumar Between Brand Expectation & Actual
Singh, Research Scholar, Magadh Performance of Distribution Factors
University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar Pertaining To Television Brands:
5. India in the Indo-Pacific: Rise of a Subhajit Basu Chowdhury, Assistant
Net Security Provider: Somvir Gill, Professor, & Rupa Paul Lodh,
PhD, Research Scholar, Department Assistant Professor, & Sohom
of Political Science, Kurukshetra Majumder, Assistant Professor, JIS
University Kurukshetra, Haryana College of Engineering, Kalyani
6. Securing the Digital Frontier: The 3. Embankment Failure along
Imperative of Cyber Governance for Bhagirathi in Malda District, West
Human Security: Sayantan Saha, Bengal, India: Ankhi Sen Sanyal,

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 Research Scholar, University of Assistant Professor, Basanti Devi
Kalyani College
7. Geopolitics & Geostrategy of Bhutan: 4. Integrating Indigenous Knowledge
A Significant Factor for Security & into Formal Education Systems: A
Stability in Northeast India: Bitupon Case Study of India's National
Nath, PhD Research Scholar, Assam Education Policy: Dr. Shailen
University, Silchar & Geetasri Verma, Assistant Professor, Dr.
Boruah, Research Scholar, Central Rammanohar Lohia Avadh
University of Gujarat University, Ayodhya
8. BIMSTEC: Prospect & Challenges for 5. Political Dynamics & Investors
India: Shailendra Kumar, Research Sentiments: A Study of Lok Sabha
Scholar, Department of Public Elections 2024 & Indian Stock
Administration, Magadh University, Market Volatility: Dr. Anju Singh,
Bodh Gaya, Bihar Assistant Professor, Symbiosis
9. Exploring the Viability of School for Online & Digital Learning,
Minilateralism in the Indo-Pacific: Symbiosis International (Deemed)
Meenakshi, Research Scholar, University, Pune
Kumaun University 6. Afghanistan under the Taliban:
Implications for the Region: Dr.

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10. India’s Act East Policy & Intra- Angira Sen Sarma, Assistant
Regional Organisations: Neha Pawar Professor, University of Allahabad
Singh, Research Scholar, Guru 7. Belt & Road Initiative vs.
Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Partnership for Global
Punjab Infrastructure Investment: India’s
11. Perceptions of Power: Assessing the Way: Dr. Shraddha Rishi, Assistant
Global Perception of the United Professor, Magadh University Bodh
States after the Ukraine & Gaza Gaya, Bihar
Crisis: Aman Bora, Research Scholar, 8. India’s Security Co-Operation In
Soban Singh Jeena University, South Asia: Dr. Chokey Namgyal
Almora, Uttarakhand Bhutia, Assistant Professor, Sikkim
12. Assessing Diversity: An Analysis of Government College
Border Policies for The Global South 9. Role of India as a Regional Security
by European Union: Shivam, Provider in IOR: Beno Jones, J
Founder & CEO, Socio Legal Corp Assistant Professor, SRM Institute
International of Science & Technology
13. Interwoven Ties: India-Germany 10. From Local to Global: India's Impact
Relations in Modi's Era of Track 2 in Regional Security Dynamics:

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 Diplomacy: Harshita Singh, Student Warisa Parveen, PhD Scholar,
Amity University, Noida Aligarh Muslim University
14. Safeguarding the Subcontinent: 11. Synergizing Technological
India's Multidimensional Approach Innovation: Empowering India's
to Regional Security: Rabit Kumar, Defence Systems & Aatmanirbhar
Research Scholar, Centre for Bharat Vision: Richa Tokas, PhD
International Politics and Area Scholar, O. P. Jindal Global
Studies, SHD Research Foundation University
15. Beneath the Surface: Delving into 12. India China Hydro Diplomacy:
Hidden Agendas Fuelling Global Conflict & Cooperation on Trans-
Conflict: Aaryan Gaur, Student, boundary Waters: Navcharan Singh
Army Law College, Pune Sidhu, Senior Research Fellow (UGC
Aided), Guru Nanak Dev University,
Amritsar
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)
13. Regional Dominance in the Indo-
Pacific: The Emergence of SQUAD &
India's Position: Diya Jayminbhai
Desai, Undergraduate Research
Scholar, & T. Keerthana Reddy,

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 Student, Pandit Deendayal Energy
University, Gandhinagar
14. Assessing India's Solar Power
Initiatives as a Soft Power Resource:
Amisha Saxena, Research Scholar, S.
S. College, MJP Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly
15. Chinese Hydro-Politics &
Transboundary Water Cooperation
In South Asia: From A Hydro-
Hegemonic Perspective: Ammu S
Anil, Research Scholar, Jamia Millia
Islamia
16. Regional Security & Role of India:
Taranjot Kaur Gill, Research
Scholar, Guru Nanak Dev University
17. Revisiting the Andaman & Nicobar
Archipelago in the Matrix of Security
& Growth for All in the Region

346
 (SAGAR) Policy: A Classical
Geopolitical Approach: Ipshita
Chakravarty, Research Scholar,
Jadavpur University
18. Indo-Pacific: A Significant Obstacle
to Maritime Security is Under Sea
Cables: Shivangi Shrivastava, PhD
Scholar, Dept. of Political Science &
International Relations, IIS (deemed
to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan
19. Geopolitical Shifts: India’s
Contributions to Regional Security:
Jhilike Saha, Assistant Professor of
Political Science, Kingston Law
College, Barasat, Berunanpukhuria,
West Bengal
20. Darjeeling to Gorkhaland: Demand
for a Separate State: Koushik Sen,
P.G Student, Department of Political

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 Science, Kazi Nazrul University,
Asansol, West Bengal, India
 Q & A (10 mins)

Parallel Technical Sessions 9 & 10 (3 – 5 pm IST)

Technical Session 9 – Traditional & Technical Session 10 - Traditional &
Non-Traditional Security Debates Non-Traditional Security Debates
Venue: Constantia Hall, YWCA (Online: Zoom)
 Chair (5 mins):
⮚ Chair (5 mins):

348
Prof. (Dr.) Nagalaxmi M Raman, Dr. Samindra Mohan Biswas, Associate
Director & Head, Amity Institute of Professor & HoD of History, Bidhan
International Studies (AIIS), Amity Chandra College, Rishra, Hooghly
University Uttar Pradesh ⮚ Co-Chair (5 mins):
 Co-Chair (5 mins): Dr. Amrita Banerjee, Assistant Professor
Dr. Chandrabhanu Bharas, Assistant (Stage-II), Bidhan Chandra College
Professor, Gautam Buddha University, (Asansol); Under Kazi Nazrul
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh University, West Bengal
 Resource Person (10 mins):
Renuka Shyam Narain, Research ⮚ Resource Person (10 mins):
Analyst, Kota Heart and Research Rev. Dr. Wadinagala Pannaloka, Senior
Center, Rajasthan Lecturer, Department of Buddhist
Topic: The Right to Privacy & Thought, Postgraduate Institute of Pali
Surveillance in India: Analyzing the and Buddhist Studies, University of
Implications of Surveillance Policies on Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Individual Freedoms & Security Topic: ‘Kshānti’ (tolerance) as an
 Paper Presenters (5 mins each): Individual and Political Practice:
Buddhist Analysis

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1. Politics of Poverty Governance in & Simran John, LLM Student of Politics
Eastern India: A Human Security & International Relations, Queen Mary
Issue: Dr. Anushree Chakraborty, University of London, United Kingdom
Assistant Professor, Vidyasagar Topic: Ink on the Line: Defending Press
College for Women, University of Freedom Where Conflict Rages
Calcutta & Stephen Ekene Adibe
2. Theoretical Perspectives of Human
ADM,CIBI, ACPA & HND, a Tutor &
Security: Dr. Uday Pratap Singh,
Associate Member of Local Government
Assistant Professor, Department of
Defence & Strategic Studies, ISDC, and Public Administration of Nigeria,
University of Allahabad, Prayagraj Department of Public Administration
3. India's Education Dilemma: Topic: Relevant Tools & Methods for the
Navigating Challenges, Security, and Actualization of Human Security &
Global Competitiveness: Aqib Abid Global Governance
Mulla, Research Assistant, & Dr. Nuzhat Nazneen, Assistant
Interdisciplinary Institute of Human Professor, Panchakot Mahavidyalaya,
Security Sidho Kanho Birsha University,
4. Job Insecurity & Work Performance: Purulia, West Bengal, India
Examining the Role of Psychological

350
 Well-Being as Mediator Using Smart Topic: Evolving Dynamics of Security in
Pls: Sheela Narang Wadhwa, PhD, India: An Opportunity to Enhance
Research Scholar, Amity University, Popular Trust in Governance
Uttar Pradesh ⮚ Paper Presenters (5 mins each):
5. From Theory to Practice:
1. Empowering Futures: Unveiling
Understanding Traditional & Non-
Digital Governance & Public Policy
Traditional Security Measures:
Sukhwinder Singh, Scholar, Punjab Dynamics in Jammu & Kashmir: Dr.
University, Patiala Nasir Ahmad Ganaie, Post Doctoral
6. Central Tibetan Administration: An Fellow, Department of Political
Administration-In-Exile Science, School Of Social Sciences,
Maneuvering Through Interlocking University Of Kashmir, Srinagar, Ut
Challenges: Anshuman Ankit, Of Jammu & Kashmir
Research Scholar (JRF), Department 2. Sports in India: Understanding
of Public Administration, Magadh Khelo India: Nutan Marian Tigga,
University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar Assistant Professor, Jadavpur
7. Navigating Transnational Threats: University
Governance Challenges & Strategies
in a Globalized World: Ishita

351
 Tripathi, PhD Scholar, Amity 3. The Recent Trend of Private School
Institute of International Studies, Teachers in Maharashtra: Dr.
Amity University Noida, Uttar Kaluram Babusha Dhore, Assistant
Pradesh, India Professor, CKT Arts, Commerce &
8. Human & Drug Trafficking: A Science College, New Panvel
Borderless Threat to Non-Traditional (Autonomous)
Security of India: Ankita Pandey,
4. The Struggle of Landless Workers’
PhD, Research Fellow, Central
Movement (MST) to Build Ideologies
University of Gujarat
9. Examining Beneficiary Satisfaction & Discourses for Right of Land &
with Non-Formal Preschool Human Rights in Brazil: Dr.
Education Services at Anganwadi Virendra Kumar Gandhi, Assistant
Centers 1 block of Patna District : A Professor, Political Science
Qualitative Study: Shalini Kumari, Department, JNRM Port Blair &
Research Scholar, Magadh Reshma Gupta, Ph.D. Research
University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar Scholar, Department of Economics,
10. Exploring the Benefits of Scheduled Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan
Castes & Scheduled Tribes in
Karnataka about Government

352
 Programs: Manjunatha J, Research 5. Understanding the Influential
Scholar, Tumkur University, Factors Shaping E-Governance
Tumakuru & Dr. Shripad Kulkarni, Growth in India's Education Sector:
Assistant Professor, University Dr. Mandeep Kaur Chhabra,
College of Arts, Tumkur University, Assistant Professor, Shri Vaishnav
Tumkur College of Commerce
11. Uncovering Injustice: The Plight of
6. Role of Indian Government in
Migrant Workers & Unpaid Labor:
Protecting Tribal Security: Satabdi
Ashina Hussain, Student, Christ
(Deemed to be University), Pune Mondal, Senior Research Fellow,
Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West
12. AI & Human Security: Navigating a Bengal, India
New Era in Global Governance (India 7. The Securitization of Migration:
& Beyond): Akshiti Prasad, Student, Balancing National Security &
Loreto College, Calcutta University Human Rights: Liya Sarah Philip,
13. Human Security & Understanding Research Scholar, VIT
the Nuances of Managerial Skills to 8. Tracing The Trajectory of India’s
Address Human Security Issues: Maritime Security Policy in The
Rituj Jaiswal, Student, Christ

353
 (Deemed to be University), Pune Indian Ocean Region In 21St
Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra, India Century: Ankit Kumar, PhD
14. Empowering the Tibetan Research Scholar, Amity Institute of
Government in Exile: India's Social Sciences, Amity University,
Diplomatic Pathways & Noida
International Strategies: Rahul 9. Senior Secondary School Teachers'
Sharma, Student, DS College,
Perspectives on Cultivating Life
Aligarh
Skills: Saket Bihari, Research
15. The Imperative of Copyright
Modernization for Fostering Scholar, K R Mangalam University,
Innovation & Economic Development Gurugram & Prof. (Dr.) Tania
in India's Creative Industries: Gupta, Dean, School of Education, K
Sreelakshmi, Student, Christ R Mangalam University, Gurugram
University, Lavasa campus, Pune, 10. Maoist Insurgency in India &
Maharashtra, India Human Security: Recent Trends &
16. Violation of Human Rights at the Challenges & Way Forward: Rajbala
Times of War: Anushka Singh, Rana, Researcher, Chaudhary
Student, Banasthali Vidyapith Charan Singh University, Meerut

354
 Q & A (10 mins) 11. Evolution & Chronological
Development Of Human Rights:
Maheshwari S, Research Scholar,
Department Of Studies & Research
In Political Science, Gulbarga
University, Kalaburgi
12. Cultural Anthropomorphism & Its
Impact on Elephants: The Zoopolis
Perspective on Thrissur Pooram:
Githin Gigi Mannakunnil, Research
Scholar, SRM Institute of Science &
Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
13. Meitei-Kuki 2023 Ethnic Conflict &
Human Insecurities in Manipur: A
Case Study: Takhellambam Nepolin,
Research Scholar, Department of

355
 National Security Studies, Manipur
University
14. Reading Through the Photographic
Texts: ‘Delineating Instilled Identity
Erasures Through Indigenous
Memoryscapes: Ranjini G, PhD
Research Scholar (SRF), Ethiraj
College for Women, Chennai
15. Smuggling of Migrants from India:
Implications & Governance: Himayu
Pawar, PhD Scholar, Rashtriya
Raksha University, Gandhinagar
Gujarat
16. The Right to be Forgotten v.
Freedom of the Press: An Indian
Perspective: Shriya Badgaiyan, PhD.

356
 Scholar, Hidayatullah National Law
University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
17. Emerging Technologies & Human
Security: Navigating Risks &
Rewards: Iqra Nissar, PhD Scholar,
Amity University, Noida
18. Deciphering Human Security
Dilemmas in Manipur After the
Myanmar Military Coup of 2021: R K
Sanayaima Singh, Research Scholar,
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
19. Global Guardians: The Evolving Role
of International Organizations in
Contemporary Human Security
Management: Rajinder Singh, Ph.D.
Research Scholar, Dept. of Defence
and Strategic Studies, Punjabi

357
 University, Patiala & Dr.
Harsangeet Pal Kaur, Assistant
Professor, Defence and Strategic
Studies, CDOE, Punjabi University,
Patiala
20. A Critical Evaluation of Protecting
Rights & Management of Refugees in
India: Reflections & Possibilities:
Pradipkumar Bhakabhai Vegad,
PhD. Research Scholar, The
Maharaja Sayajirao University of
Baroda, Vadodara
21. A Study on Attitude of College
Teachers Towards Research In
Nagaland: Nzanbemo Tungoe,
Research Scholar, Nagaland
University

358
22. Investigating Defensive Architecture
& Human Security in the Indus-
Saraswati Civilisation in Eastern
Domain (Haryana): A Case Study on
Fortification Wall: Neelam Sharma,
PhD. (Research Scholar),
Department of Ancient Indian
History, Culture & Archaeology,
Kurukshetra University
23. Non-Traditional Security in
Kautilya Arthashastra: An
Understanding into the Human
Security Aspect of Theory: Aakash
Singh, Research Scholar, University
of Lucknow
24. Reconceptualizing Human Security
Paradigms: Buddhist Perspective:

359
 Sanju Dolma Lama, Research
Scholar, Nava Nalanda Mahavihara,
Nalanda, Ministry of Culture, Govt
of India
25. Understanding the Changing Status
of Education & Skill Development as
per NEP 2020 in View of Human
Security: Deepanjana Halder
Majumder, Doctoral Researcher,
Jadavpur University
26. Changing Dimensions of Human
Security & Governance: India & the
World: S K Abdul Amanullah, PhD
Research Scholar, RKDF University,
Ranchi, India
27. Impact of Tribal Local Governance
Strategies on Sense of Human

360
 Security in India: Case Studies from
Naxal-Affected Areas in
Maharashtra State: Swapnil
Shioram Kumare, Research Scholar,
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University
28. Unveiling Unseen Dimensions:
Human Security & Governance in
the Indo-US Nexus: Diksha Thakur,
Research Scholar, IIS deemed to be
University, Jaipur, India & Dr.
Archana Gupta, Associate Professor,
IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur
29. Analysis of Human Security in Post-
Conflict Reconstruction: Rebuilding
Gaza: Muhsina Muhammed, Student,
Christ (Deemed to be University),

361
 Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra,
India
30. Protecting People & Preserving
Progress: The Imperative Of Human
Security In The Technological World:
Khyati, Student, Christ (Deemed to
be University), Pune, Lavasa
Campus, Maharashtra, India
31. Rethinking the Security Paradigm in
Post-Cold War Era: Human Security
Vs National Security: Damini,
Department of International
Relations, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar
32. Impact of Working Arrangements on
Employee Engagement: Hetal

362
 Ramesh Waghela, Administrative
Assistant, Sophia College
33. Balancing Innovation & Security:
The Role of Human Security in
Science & Technology: Parvathi S
Jayan, Student, Christ (Deemed to be
University), Pune Lavasa Campus,
Maharashtra, India
34. Human Security: Evolution &
Challenges: Thanusri A, Student,
Christ (Deemed to be University),
Pune Lavasa Campus, Maharashtra,
India
⮚ Q & A (10 mins)

363
 MEDIA REPORT
(English)
Cyrus Ghosh
Student
AISS
Amity University Noida

Interdisciplinary Institute of Human Security &

Governance, New Delhi, India in collaboration
with Department of International Relations,
University of Chittagong, Bangladesh; Department
of International Relations, University of
Chittagong, Bangladesh; Dept of Defence &
Strategic Studies, Himachal Pradesh University; The
K.E.T.’s V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India and Centre for Field Learning, Ahmedabad,
India is going to organise the 4th Annual IIHSG
Conference 2024 during 30th September – 1st
October, 2024 (10.00 am – 5.00 pm IST) at YWCA,
New Delhi, India.

In this Conference we will try to find the

seriousness of challenges, the nature of responses
available & the model of governance required to
thwart these challenges from a human security
context. India is doing really great in managing
human security, epecially environmental security. So
special session will be dedicated on India’s visionary
ideas and path-breaking activities & achievements.

363
 Total of 558 academicians, policy
practitioner and social activists have registered
for this International Conference from all parts of
India and other countries. Total 216 articles have
been submitted. Best 50 articles published in
UGC-Care journal and 160 published in 7 books,
viz.

1. Human Security in a Polarized World

Editors: Prof. Dr. Aurora Martin (Professor, Doctor
Honoris Causa, V. Brusov University, Yerevan,
Lector at the Romanian Language Institute) & Dr.
Nandini Basistha (Executive Director, IIHSG, New
Delhi, India)
2. Law, Human Security & Global Governance
Editor: Dr. Boby Narayan (Section Officer, Central
Vigilance Commission, New Delhi; Assistant
Registrar (former), National Company Law
Registrar, New Delhi & Senior Fellow (Honorary),
IIHSG, New Delhi, India
3. Human Security: The Power to Empower
Editor: Dr. Divya Mishra (Assistant Professor,
Department of Political Science, Magadh University,
Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India)
4. Human Security, Gender and Sustainable
Development
Editor: Dr. Priyanka Singh (Assistant Professor,
Department of Political Science, Magadh University,
Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India)
5. Changing Perspectives of Security in the 21st
Century

364
Editors: Latika Yadav (Lecturer, IIS (Deemed to
be) University, Jaipur); Harshita Sharma (Assistant
Professor (Visiting), IIS University, Jaipur) & Dr.
Deepshikha Parashar (Assistant Professor
(Selection Grade) , IIS (Deemed to be) University,
Jaipur)
6. Advancing Human Security: Perspectives on
Global Governance
Editor: Prof. (Dr.) Preeta Nilesh (Principal, The
K.E.T.’s V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and
Commerce (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India)
7. The Human Security Paradigm: Challenges &
Opportunities
Editors: Dr. Nandini Basistha (Executive Director,
IIHSG, New Delhi, India) & Dr. Megha Kumari,
Assistant Professor, Sahibganj College, Sahibganj,
Jharkhand

Three IIHSG-published research books will be

released too, viz.
1. Problems and Prospects of Sino-Bangladesh
Bilateral Relations: An Analysis
Author: Tania Ahmed Uma (Officer on Special
Duty Directorate of Secondary & Higher Education,
Ministry of Education, Bangladesh)
2. ‘Sovereign Democracy’: The Origin
Author: Dr. Kritanjali Saikia (Assistant Professor,
Bihpuria College, Assam)
3. Rajya Sarkarada Yojanegalu haagu Parishishta
Pangadagala Sabalikarana

365
Author: Manjunatha J (Research Scholar, Tumkur
University, Tumkuru, Karnataka)

More than 250 papers will be presented in

this Conference in Three Special Sessions & Ten
parallel Technical Sessions viz.
1. Gender Security & Global Governance;
2. Environmental Security;
3. Law, Human Security & Global Governance,
4. Security, Power & Governance Debates;
5. Traditional & Non-Traditional Security
Debates

Convenor of the Conference, Dr. Nandini

Basistha (Executive Director, IIHSG, New Delhi,
India) will deliver Welcome Address. Co-Convenor
of the Conference, Prof. Aurora Martin (Professor,
Doctor Honoris Causa, Professor, V. Brusov
University, Yerevan, Lector at the Romanian
Language Institute) will deliver Inaugural Address.
Keynote address will be delivered by Ms. Kanta
Singh (Deputy Representative, UN Women India),
followed by Presidential Address by Chief Guest
Smt. Rekha Sharma’s address (Hon'ble
Chairperson, National Commission for Women,
India). Guest of Honours are Mr. Saroj Kr.
Mahapatra (Ex-Officio Member Secretary &
Executive Director, Pradan) & Prof. Alka Parikh
(Director, Centre for Field Learning, Ahmedabad,
India)

366
 Photography sponsor is Centre for Field
Learning, Ahmedabad, India. Best Paper Awards
are given as Memorial Awards by Prof. Saroj Kumar
Verma (Professor, Dean & Head (Former), Dept. of
Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences,
Jayaprakash University, Bihar) in name of three
eminent academicians – Late Prof. Bipin Behari
Verma, Former Professor, Magadh University, Bodh
Gaya; Late Dr. B.K. Sinha; Former Director, Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
(CMERI), Durgapur; & Late Kameshwari Sharan,
Former Chief Labour Commissioner (Central), Delhi.
Media partner is Conference Alerts.

367
 Best Paper Memorial Awards Winners
These Awards have been sponsored by Prof. Saroj Kumar Verma in memory of
his late Father, late Father-in-Law and late Brother-in-Law.

The purpose of sponsoring these Best Paper Awards is to honor the memory
of three remarkable individuals who made significant contributions to their respective
fields. These awards are intended to encourage and recognize excellence in academic
and professional research while celebrating their legacy of knowledge, dedication, and
passion for learning. Through this initiative, we aim to inspire future scholars and
innovators to pursue excellence in their work.

Prof. Bipin Behari Verma was a respected

academician serving as the Professor and Head of the
Department of Applied Economics and Commerce at
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya. He was a dedicated
teacher who not only imparted knowledge but also
practiced the values he taught. He played a pivotal
role in shaping the academic and personal growth of
his students, mentoring them to excel in their careers
and become better human beings through his own
exemplary life.

Kameshwary Sharan, the former Chief Labour

Commissioner (Central) for the Government of India,
was a renowned authority on labor laws. His expertise
in the field earned him recognition, and he
represented India at several international forums.
After his retirement, he continued to share his vast
knowledge as a Visiting Faculty at Bhartiya Vidya
Bhawan, Delhi, where he guided and inspired
students with his deep understanding of labor issues.

Dr. Binod Kumar Sinha, former Director of

CMERI, Durgapur, was a distinguished scientist
known for his expertise in vibration and noise control.
His contributions to the field were highly regarded,
and after his retirement, he continued his passion for
teaching by serving as a Visiting Faculty at the
National Power Training Institute, Durgapur. His
commitment to both research and education left a
lasting impact on the scientific community and his
students.
 Centre for Field Learning

As the name suggests, the Centre believes in learning about social science issues
from the field. Each research of the Centre relates to the field investigation. Policy
recommendations are derived not merely from the theories but by talking to the
stake holders.

We invite all of you – the fresh researchers, the heads of organizations

working for social causes and the social influencers – to collaborate with us
for your research work.

For the fresh researchers: We will help you in designing and carrying
out the study. And help you in writing and publishing a paper through
our publishing house (no publication fees!).
For the organizations working for social causes: We can help you in
documenting your work and systematically presenting your impact.
Also, help you in coming out with booklets and short papers to
showcase to your funders.
For the leaders: We can help you in defining details for the issues
that you want to concentrate on. We can also help you in analysing
data and policies to give a realistic direction to your campaign.

For faculty members: We can add you to our mailing list and invite
you for our conferences, we can help you polish your paper in our
ebooks. We can also help you in designing a study or in identifying a
research topic.

Visit our website fieldlearning.in to see the kind of projects that we have worked
on. We have studied the change makers, have worked on academic issues and
policy analysis. Join us!
Get in touch with us by sending an email to: [email protected] or to
[email protected].
CONTACT US

+91-9079298979

[email protected]

https://iihsg.com/

@IIHSG2020

@Interdisciplinary Institute of Human

Security & Governance

@Interdisciplinary Institute of Human

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