HUZAIFA ASSIGMENT EE241010

1: Describe what you understand by Emerging Technologies and provide three examples of such
technologies in use today. For each example, explain how the technology is transforming an industry or
improving daily life.

ANS: I understand by emerging teachnologies that Emerging teachnologies are new gadgets that
making our life easier by gadgets like Smart watches, Mobile, Latop. They are improving day by day.
Emerging teachnologies also help in industries like improve decision making, increase productivity by
tools like AI and fast connectivity.

Examples:
1. Artificial Intelligence :

As a university student, AI tools can make studying and working on projects easier Like if I need idea
for assignment so AI can give me idea, AI can make study time table for me. AI also help inn
industries like AI robots can do some specific task in company that increase productivity and AI tools
(MRI) also help doctors detect dieases of patient.
2. Internet of things (IOT):
Iot devices helping in our dialy life like Smart watch that can analyze sleep and fitnies, smart light’s
that can be controlled by mobile for on off.
Iot devices also help in industries like Iot sencer used in machine for on time maintanince and also in
agriculture industry like Iot soil senser help farmer to analyze their soil to improve their yields.
3. Smart Vehicale:
Smart vehicale are self driving allow us to do work while traviling and it also decreasing road
accedient number. Smart also help in industries like Online delivery with smart vehicale.

Q2: In your own words, explain the difference between Data and Information. Describe a
scenario from daily life or work where data is transformed into information to make a decision:
Use any dataset (e.g., Employee attendance, sales numbers, survey responses) and process it to
extract meaningful information. Write a brief report on your findings, explaining the
transformation from data to information in your chosen scenario.

ANS: Difference between Data and Information:

Data is unorganized figure that have no meaning. It can be in the form of text or number. Data
needs to be organized to became meaningfull. When data is organized, processed, and analyzed,
it becomes information

DATA of Employee ateendance

 Employee Name Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Huzaifa Present Absent Present Present Absent
Rehan Absent Present Present Absent Present
Anwar Present Present Absent Present Present
Shah Present Present Present Present Present
Noman Absent Present Absent Absent Absent

To transform these data into information we need to analyze thse data like How many days each
employe was present ,persantage of employees were present and which employe were most absent

Huzaifa 3 present 2 absents

Rehan 3 present 2 absent
Anwar 4 present 1 absent
Shah 5 present 0 absent
Noman 1 present 0 absent

by calculation each employee was present for 3 days and absent for 2 days.

Noman has the lowest attendance rate, with only 1 day present and 4 days absent. This
indicates something is affecting his work

Monday: 40% of employees were present.

Tuesday: 80% of employees were present.

Wednesday: 60% of employees were present.

Thursday: 60% of employees were present.

Friday: 60% of employees were present.

80% of employee were present on Tuesday so it mean something is motivating employee to attentand
that day .

Now I have meaningfull data (information) so I can make decion for improvive employee attendace. On I
need to make days like Tuesday so hopfully employee attendance will be improve.
3: Explain the Information Processing Cycle and the purpose of each of its stages (Input, Processing,
Storage, Output). Choose a simple task (e.g., placing an order online, ATM transaction, or a school
library search) and break down the steps into the information processing cycle stages. Describe what
happens at each stage in detail.

ANS.Information Processing Cycle and Its Purpose:

Basically Information processing cycle is work in four stages. (input, processing, storage and output)
Each stage play importan role .
Input: Collect Data and give it to computersyestem
Example device: Keyboard mouse.
Proccessing: Computre process the data acoording to programmer and generate meaningfull
information.
Cpu perform that process.
Storage: save data for future use. This data can be saved in RAM(temporary) Hard drive
(permanent).
Output: Disply the Proceesed data (information) to user.
Example deivices: Moniter, Printer

ATM Transaction:
Input
1: user enter his debit card in ATM machine and enter his pin (input)
Now
the ATM machine will scan the card, and verify (input) Card , PIN and ask for amount widrawal/
Processing
Now ATM machine will verfify the Pin user Bank account
Then Cheak account Balance if the user enter amount is available so it will didect the amount from bank
account.
Storage
When transication is completed so the ATM will record the data in Bank.
Output
Process is complet so the user get Cash and Physical transication slip as a out put.
Explanation: The Information process cycle show how Input data (Card Pin ,amount widrawal request)
is Processed, stored and convert it meaning dul Out put (Caash). In this cycle each stage paly imporatant
role.
4; Select a dataset you have access to (e.g., monthly expenses, weather patterns, or fitness tracking or
Employee Attendance). Manual Task: Answer these questions using a manual approach (e.g., calculating
averages, identifying patterns etc): AI Task: Use any AI-based tool (e.g., ChatGPT or any other AI
assistant) to analyze the same dataset and answer the same questions. Compare the ease of manual
analysis vs. AI-based analysis and share your observations on the efficiency of each approach.
• What is the highest value in the dataset?
• What is the most frequent or common value in the dataset?
Ans I make montly expenses data set
Monthly Expenses

Date Categerories Amount Payment Method

11/11/24 School fee 4000 Cash
13/11/24 Bills 3500 Online
14/11/24 Groceries 6000 Online
19/11/24 Resturent dinner 2000 Online
20/11/24 Rent 4000 Cash
22/11/24 Movie tickets 1500 Cash

By manuel calculation
Values in data set 4000,3500 ,6000, 2000, 4000, 1500
1 Higest value in data set 6000
2 Most frequent value in data set 4000

BY Ai calculation
1. Highest Value in the Dataset
Look at the "Amount" column values:
4000, 3500, 6000, 2000, 4000, 1500.

 The highest value is 6000 (Groceries)

2. Most Frequent or Common Value in the Dataset

Count how many times each value appears in the "Amount" column:

 4000 → 2 times
 3500 → 1 time
 6000 → 1 time
 2000 → 1 time
 1500 → 1 time
 The most frequent value is 4000, as it appears 2 times (School fee and Rent).
 Comparing Manual And Ai calculation
By maual calculation I calculate it in my copy first I saw the data set then read question
first question was highest value so I look for higest value and I find it 1 mint then 2 nd question
was most common value so I cheak it two time to get common value so I get common value
and it took me 4to5 mints to read data and and calculate the value But when I copy the data set
and give it Ai and ask same question so Ai chat GPT give me answer in just 20seconds so I can
say that if the set was too big like 20 to 50 values so it take my more but Ai will take same time
it mean menual calculation need time and also have limit calculation and there is also chance of
eroor But in AI chace of error is very low or no eroor in calculation and answer in seconds.

Comparison
Aspect Manual Calculation AI (ChatGPT) Calculation
Time for Small 4-5 minutes ~20 seconds
Dataset
Time for Large Increases significantly Remains consistent
Dataset
Error Chance High (due to human oversight or Very low or no error in
fatigue) calculations
Efficiency Limited (depends on human High (quick and consistent results)
capability)
Scalability Time-consuming for datasets with Handles large datasets effortlessly
20-50 values
Effort Required Manual effort required for each Minimal effort (only requires
calculation inputting the data)

5 Briefly describe what an Operating System (OS) is and why it is essential in computing.
ANS Oreating Syestem:
Operating system is a softwear that contril how computer work.it controlled computer hardware (like
processer, memory, storage ) and also controlled softwear (like apps). operating System play role like
middle man bwtween person and computer (like person interacting with computer by Operating
system). Operating system cheack hardwaer and softwear working together properly.

Why an OS is Essential:
Resource Management:
CPU get commands from user and CPU can handle limited task at a time. Opreating system decide which
application need CPU time for how long.
Memory (RAM) stored data that is impoeran for user. Provide enough memory to each programe to run
smoothly.
Storage management ensure that files and data need for program are quickly accessible and stored
properly properly.
By Resources program can run smoothly without delays.

User interface:
Graphical User Interface (GUI):
GUI visual inter face that allow user to interact with system using graphical inter face (icons, buttons,
mean ). It is user friendly and a person who is not proper user of computer also use it very easily.

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

CLI is text based interface for user. User need to type his command to interact with system. CLI is most
commonly used by experienced user. Its provide advanced feature of system to user. It does not required
stograge compared to GUI.
Multitasking :
The CPU switches between tasks quickly so multiple programs appear to run simultaneously. Each task
run in his protected space so one task cannot interfere with another.

Hardware :
Hardware ensure that computer component (CPU ,storage )input/output devices are working properly
together. It act as a middle man between softwear and hardwea.

File Management :
File management play important role in computer system how computer system organized , stored and
handle files. Opreating system ensure that how user can quickly and safely access their data.