ACTUTIESs 113

1 ACTIVITY 3
ALM
To assembbl nble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three suwitches,
pouver s o u r c e .
(onloff
a f u s ea nd a

PPARATUSAND MATERIAL

No required in assembling
Apparat
apparatus a circuit.
terial.
Material. Three
Thr bulbs V,
(6 1W) each, fuse of 0.6 A, main switch
supplycovering,
powerplastic (battery a
kiminator), three (on/off) switches flexible connecting wire with red and black
g fuse w i r e .

tusSDplementary.
Supplementary. Main electric board with a two-pin socket and main switch.

THEORY

Electricity supplied to us for domestic purposes is 220 V A.C. and 50 Hz. The household
cuit, all appliances are connected in "parallel" with mains. The switches are connected in
eries with each appliances in live wire. 5 A switches are required for normal appliances like,
mibs, fluorescent tubes fans etc. 15 A sockets and switches are required for heavy load appliances
Hike, refrigerator, air conditioner, geyser, hot plates etc. All appliances must have three wires
ralled live, neutral and the earth. Total power consumption P" at a time

P=P1+P2+Ps* -
where Py, P2 P are the powers drawn by appliances.
To protect the appliances from damage when unduly high currents are drawn fuse of
Httle higher rating, 10 to 20% higher than the current normally drawn by all appliances. For
further safety, a suitable value MAINS FUSE like rating 32 A is connected in series with
supply source.

DIAGRAM

B OD
/o 0/ A A(A.C.)
A.C. ammeter ( )

M.S. 02 68 1
Power
sOurce Source of supply
Fuse (0 to 0.75 A)
0 to 10 V
(a) (b)
(a) Circuit diagram, 6) Actual layout.

PROCEDURE
1. Connect the bulbs B,, B, and B in series with switches S, S, and S, respectively and
Connect each set of B-S in parallel with each other.
2. Connect main supply to a step-down transformer (battery eliminator) to get required
vOltage from 0 to 10 V (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 V).
 cOMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL PHYs
114 RNYAGPADAOONOIVIDINRNIGROE

3. Connect the mains fuse M.S. in series with the power supply (battery elim
PHYSICS
4. Connect an A.C. ammeter in series with the B-S
set. minator).
B-S set.
5. Connect end of power
one supply to one end of
6. Check the circuit one again to ensure that household circuit is complete
7. Gradually increase the current to 0.75 A, the fuse must burn offat about os.
6 A.

ACTIVITY 4

AIM
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL

DIAGRAM

H
A

(
PROCEDURE
1. Connect the components (Resistors, inductors etc.) in series with each other as show
in diagram and then in series with the battery.
2. Connect the ammeter in series With the circuit, to measure the current.
Connet the voltmeter in parallel to the resIs-tor, to measure the potential difference.
4. Connect the switch in series with the battery.
5. Assembly of the electrical components in electrie cireuit is complete

UTILITY
It is Used for measuring an unknown resistance (see Experiment 2: Section A).
 ACTIVITY 6
AIM
To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistorlrheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit
diagram.
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL
Abattery eliminator or a battery (0 to 6 V), rheostat, resistance box (0 to 100 2), two or
one way
key. D.C. ammeter (0-3) A and a D.C. voltmeter (0-3) V.
THEORY
An open circuit is the combination of primary components of electric circuit in a such a
anner that on closing the circuit no current is drawn from the battery.
 118 cOMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL PHYS

Battery

HHE- Rheostat

Unknown resistance
wire
ww

DIAGRAM
Resistance coil

wwT
One way key

Battery
Rheostat

/wuoul

Voltmeter Ammeteer

Open circuit diagram (Components not connected in proper order).

PROCEDURE
Ammeter. It should be connected in series, with the battery eliminator.
Voltmeter. It should be connected in parallel to the resistor.
ery
Rheostat. It should be connected in series (in place of resistance coil) with the
Da
eliminator.
Resistance coil. It should be connected in parallel (in place of rheostat).
One way key. It should be connected in series to the
battery eliminator.
Correct circuit diagram (Components connected in proper order)