Tikrit Journal of Pure Science Vol.

25 (3) 2020

Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

ISSN: 1813 – 1662 (Print) --- E-ISSN: 2415 – 1726 (Online)

Journal Homepage: http://tjps.tu.edu.iq/index.php/j

Studying the weather condition affecting on solar panel efficiency

Yaseen. H. Mahmood , Faris S. Atallah , Ali F. Youssef
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v25i3.255

A r t i c l e i n f o. ABSTRACT
Article history:
-Received: 8 / 10 / 2019 S olar energy is one of the most widely used types of renewable energy.
-Accepted: 19 / 2 / 2020 Solar panels are more used, but weather factors affect their efficiency. In
-Available online: / / 2020 this research, some factors affecting the efficiency of solar cells were
Keywords: Solar panels, studied. A solar cell of single crystalline silicon have been used. The
Efficiency of solar panel, Solar cell, theoretical efficiency of this cell was about (16.276%), and the practical
photovoltaic cell, Solar radiation, efficiency of the solar cell itself was calculated when the weather was
dust effect. Cloudy and its surface moistened with rain water, its maximum
efficiency (8.5258%). As for when its surface is dry in the same
Corresponding Author:
conditions, its greatest efficiency is (14.5703%), and when the
Name: Yaseen. H. Mahmood atmosphere is clear and the cell surface is covered with dust, its greatest
E-mail: [email protected] efficiency will be (8.9502%).
Tel:

1- Introduction
The Solar Energy consider one of renewable energy, evolved. The software of cross-selective laser doping
that developed increasingly in the past 50 years by a is applied. this technique does no longer affect the
lot of researchers who worked on developing the open-circuit and quick-circuit voltage notably, [5] In
efficiency of the solar panel or developing the environmental conditions in Singapore and its effect
external material to increase efficiency. The German on optical transport. It changed into observed that for
Institute (ZSW) developed the performance of CIGS naked glass samples, The end result is much less
cells to 12.7% with a (30cm x 30cm) increase in plate green in these regions than in inexperienced areas [6].
production. Later, Cd plates have been advanced with The buildup of dust or debris inclusive of dirt, water,
the same dimensions with a overall performance sand and algae at the floor of solar panels. This is a
efficiency of up to 10% [1]. The effects of dirt prime problem and the mild impedance is an outside
accumulation on solar permeability through resistance that reduces solar photovoltaic
distinctive glass panels in which tilt angles were performance. The experiments had been done using a
experimentally determined. It has been determined smooth plate and a plate blanketed with dust, [7]. An
that the weekly cleansing of solar panels is notably advanced cleaning gadget that makes use of
encouraged as part of the upkeep routine [2]. electrostatic force to dispose of sand from the floor of
photovoltaic conversion efficiency of more than 10% sun panels. Where the excessive mono voltage is
in excessive-silicon sun cells such as a thick layer of applied to the parallel cord electrodes embedded in
up to 2 μm of polycrystalline silicon. It has been the solar panel cover plate. This method increasing
observed that sufficient contemporary can be drawn efficiency of big solar energy plants constructed in
even from the skinny movie because of the effect of deserts at low latitudes [8]. Dust can reduce the
very powerful optical friction of silicon with a low efficiency of the PV panel by using inflicting bodily
absorption coefficient [3]. It has been accounted for damage through mitigating the incoming solar
that the power misfortune because of residue dirtying radiation and causing the temperature to rise, leading
broadly happens on sun based vitality frameworks, to modifications inside the solar panel. [9].The
for example, PV boards or thinking sun based warm temperature on solar panel surfaces and their impact
influence (CSP) frameworks [4].The handiest manner on output performance, mainly efficiency. Under
to improve the overall performance of silicon solar special radiation conditions, there is an excellent
cells. A new scheme for the frontal contact sample of surface for sun PV to supply most efficiency. The
sun cells made of crystalline silicon has been results of the test also showed that solar photovoltaic

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Tikrit Journal of Pure Science Vol. 25 (3) 2020

performance should have an expanded charge of up to 3- Method and material

47% with the refrigerated kingdom, and the The experimental part which has been done to find
researchers proposed a cooling system of a capability the efficiency of solar panel at different circumstance
photovoltaic solar device [10]. otherwise the solar radiation has been studied by
2- Energy Conversion Efficiency using solar power meter. A single crystalline solar
A solar cell based cell's vitality change proficiency panel of (99x165cm), containing (60) cells, the area
(η), is the level of intensity changed over (from of one cell is about 0.0256 m2 and the panel
retained light to electrical vitality) and gathered when connected with two Avometers ,One of them is used
a sun oriented cell is associated with an electrical to measure the voltages (V) and the other to measure
circuit. This term is determined utilizing the the current (I),the load applied on the panel used two
proportion of the most extreme power point, P m, lamps with power (60-100) watts the circuit diagram
isolated by the info light irradiance (pin, in W/m2) shown in Figure (1).
equation (1,2),under standard test conditions and the
surface region of the sun based cell (A in m2)
equation (3,4)

Pm I mVm -------- (1)

 
Pin Pin
I scVoc FF -------------(2)
 Fig. 1: Experimental circuit for test solar panel.
Pin
𝑃𝑚 𝐼𝑚 𝑉𝑚 We study the solar radiation in two month in Salah
𝐹𝐹 = = ---------(3) Alden.
𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝐼𝑙
I m ,V m : The maximum magnitude of current and 1-The solar panel clean when the weather was in
voltages cloudy.
VOC : Open circuit voltages. 2-The solar panel is dry when the weather is cloudy.
Il : photo generated current LI is equal to the current 3-The solar panel covered by raining water.
produced by the cell at short circuit (V  0) 4-The solar panel covered by dust
Pin : The power incident . The accumulation of thin dust on the surface of the
IS : The intensity of solar radiation in watt / m2 unit solar panel show in figure (2):
η : efficiency of the solar panel .
FF ,is called fill factor solar cell
P
𝜂= ---------(4)
A ∗Is
The effectiveness of vitality transformation is still
low, consequently requiring huge territories for
adequate protection and raising worry about horrible
proportions of energies required for cell creation
versus vitality gathered [11]. So as to build the
vitality change proficiency of the sun oriented cell by
lessening the impression of the occurrence light, two
strategies are generally utilized. One is the decrease
of the impression of episode light with an enemy of
reflection covering, and the other is optical
Fig. 2: left Solar panel with dust, right Solar panel
containment’s of occurrence light with finished clean.
surfaces. They demonstrated that the change of the
wavelength of light could essentially improve the 4- Result and Discussion
unearthly affectability of a silicon photodiode from We found the theoretical efficiency of panel and
the profound UV and through the vast majority of the other parameters have been calculated from the
obvious district. [12]. The sun based module has an equation (1,2,3 ,4), the solar panel and stated in table
alternate ghostly reaction relying upon the sort of the (1) below:
module. Thusly, the difference in the unearthly Table 1:The Solar panel parameters
irradiance impacts the sunlight based power age [13].
The sunlight based range can be approximated by a
dark collection of 5900 K which brings about an
expansive range running from the bright to the close
infrared. A semiconductor, then again, can just
change over photons with the vitality of the band gap
with great effectiveness.

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Tikrit Journal of Pure Science Vol. 25 (3) 2020

The solar radiation on 21-22/3/2019 at clear day in solar panel decreasing so as the power and efficiency
Salah Alden at longitude (43.242), and latitude decrease this because the water rain attenuation and
(35.492), in figure (3) when show increasing the solar scattering to radiation this agreement with [15,16].
radiation from (7 o’clock Am) starts at (400 W /m2)
to (750W/m2) at 12 o’clock at mid-day while
decreasing to sun set, The reason for the difference
solar radiation between two compared day resultant
by passing outspread clouds so as to attenuation in
radiation [14].

Fig. 5: Relation between the solar radiation and

efficiency for all time.

Fig. 3: The change of solar radiation for all time in

March (2019)
when measuring the solar radiation in April we found
out it decreased compared to march, The reason for
the difference in the value of solar radiation for both
days is on the first of April’s morning it was cloudy,
and these clouds blocked a large part of the solar Fig. 6: shows the relationship between the solar
radiation, but when the time is about 10 am these radiation and power for all time of the solar cell.
clouds disappeared and thus increased the value of Figure (7) shows that the maximum value of the
solar radiation to reach about (740.3 W/m2). Of the efficiency & power when the surface of the solar
blue curve in the figure(4), while on the second day panel is dry, in the cloudy weather is about (14.5703
of April, the clouds were thick so it blocked the solar %), (60.426watt) and the smallest value is
radiation except the limits of the second hour at noon, (0.07226%), (0.033 watt) ,We see that the maximum
where the solar radiation is about (613.9 W/m2) as efficiency & power of the solar panel in cloudy
shown in the curve in red and continues to vary in the weather when the dry surface is greater than the
appearance and disappearance of the sun until the end maximum value of the efficiency & power of the
today Figure (4) . same solar panel when the surface wet with rain
water, because the rain water is not pure because it
contains impurities, causing the deposition on The
surface of the panel will thus lead to blocking a large
portion of solar radiation. The lowest value of the
efficiency & power, we find it to be a dry solar panel
and because of the accumulation of large clouds that
blocked most of the solar radiation without reaching
the solar panel [17].

Fig. 4: Relation between solar radiation for all time in

April (2019).
The experiment test in 27/4/2019, where the readings
of both solar radiation and efficiency of solar panel ,
in Figure (5,6) we found that the greatest value of the
efficiency & power of the surface of the solar panel
with wetted by water Rain is (8.5258%), (29.046watt)
the smallest value will be (2.5958%), (5.976watt). Fig. 7: Relationship between the efficiency for all time of
this because the solar radiation decrease between the solar cell.
10:00 Am to 11:30 Am the voltage and current of

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From we observe that the external power of the clean The reason for this is that the dust prevents the
solar panel is (172.8) watts, which is much higher influence of the solar radiation of the solar panel and
than the maximum power of the solar panel with dust, therefore will not reach a large part of this radiation
which is about (111.94) watts, Figure (8). the to the cell and therefore will lead to the decline of
efficiency of the clean solar panel, it is almost both capacity and efficiency because the efficiency is
approaching the theoretical efficiency of the solar cell directly proportional to the power out of the solar cell
and is about (14.0625%) and is about one and a half [19] .
times greater than the solar cell with the presence of 5- Conclusion
dust, which is (8.9502%) .This agreement with [18]. In this work, solar radiation has been tested and
measured over time for two months (March & April).
when the weather is cloudy and its surface is wet, the
efficiency is less than when it was dry .The reason for
this is that the solar radiation scattered the solar
radiation .Also the electrical parameter decreasing for
solar panel when the surface of the panel covered by
rain water, and dust to depend on the density of
impurities .the solar panel is sensitive to the dust
density so it is exceptionally fundamental to give an
auto-cleaning system to expel the residue particles
from the outside of the solar panel so as to guarantee
the elite.
Fig. 8: Relationship between efficiency for all time with
dust.

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‫دراسة العوامل الجوية المؤثرة على كفاءة االداء للخلية الشمسية‬

‫ياسين حميد محمود ‪ ,‬فارس صالح عطا هللا ‪ ,‬علي فاضل يوسف‬
‫قسم الفيزياء ‪ ،‬كلية العلوم ‪ ،‬جامعة تكريت ‪ ،‬تكريت ‪ ،‬العراق‬
‫الملخص‬
‫الطاقة الشمسية من اكثر انواع الطاقة المتجددة استخداما‪ ،‬تعد االلواح الشمسية اكثر استخداما ولكن العوامل الجوية توثر على كفاءتها‪ .‬في هذا‬
‫البحث تم دراسة بعض العوامل التي تؤثر على كفاءة الخاليا الشمسية ‪,‬حيث تم استخدام خلية شمسية من السيلكون احادي التبلور ( ‪single‬‬
‫‪ .)crystalline silicon‬كانت الكفاءة النظرية لهذه الخلية بمقدار (‪ )%16.276‬وكذلك تم حساب الكفاءة العملية للخلية الشمسية نفسها عندما‬
‫كا ن الطقس غائم وسطحها مبلل بمياه االمطار فان اقصى كفاءة لها (‪ .)%8.5258‬اما عندما يكون سطحها جاف في نفس الظروف فان اعظم‬
‫كفاءة لها (‪ )%14.5703‬وكذلك عندما كان الجو صافي وسطح الخلية مغطى بالغبار فأن اعظم كفاءة لها ستكون (‪. )% 8.9502‬‬

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