Mathassignment (3)
Mathassignment (3)
Contents
1 Formula of Laplace Transform 2
3 Mathematical Examples 3
1
1 Formula of Laplace Transform
The Laplace Transform of a function f (t) is defined as:
Z ∞
L{f (t)} = F (s) = f (t)e−st dt, s > 0.
0
1
L{1} = , s > 0
s
n!
L{tn } = n+1 , s > 0
s
1
L{eat } = , s>a
s−a
a
L{sin(at)} = 2
s + a2
s
L{cos(at)} = 2
s + a2
b
L{eat sin(bt)} =
(s − a)2 + b2
s−a
L{eat cos(bt)} =
(s − a)2 + b2
L{f ′ (t)} = sF (s) − f (0)
L{f ′′ (t)} = s2 F (s) − sf (0) − f ′ (0).
2
3 Mathematical Examples
Example 1: Laplace Transform of t2
f (t) = t2 .
Using the formula:
n!
L{tn } = ,
sn+1
we get:
2! 2
L{t2 } = 3
= 3.
s s
3
Example 6: Laplace Transform of t3
f (t) = t3 .
Using the formula:
n!
L{tn } = ,
sn+1
we get:
3! 6
L{t3 } = 4
= 4.
s s
1
Example 8: Laplace Transform of t
1
f (t) = .
t
Using the formula:
sn−1
L{t−n } = , n > 0,
Γ(n)
for n = 1, we get:
s0
1
L = = 1.
t Γ(1)
4
4 Properties of Laplace Transform
Linearity Property
If f (t) and g(t) are two functions, and a and b are constants:
Shifting Property
L{eat f (t)} = F (s − a).
Differentiation Property
L{f ′ (t)} = sF (s) − f (0), L{f ′′ (t)} = s2 F (s) − sf (0) − f ′ (0).
Integration Property
Z t
F (s)
L f (τ ) dτ = .
0 s
5
5 Solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs)
using Laplace Transform
Solve the following ODE:
y ′′ + 2y ′ + 5y = 0, y(0) = 1, y ′ (0) = 0.
Final Solution
1
y(t) = e−t cos(2t) + e−t sin(2t).
2