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SDN Unit 4

The document discusses the composition of Software Defined Networks (SDNs), which includes flow tables, SDN software switches, and hardware SDN devices. It also outlines current programming languages and tools used in SDN, such as Frenetic, Procera, Ryu, NetKAT, Mininet, Floodlight, and OpenDaylight. Additionally, it explains the Northbound API, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), and various applications of SDNs in data centers, enterprise networks, optical networks, bandwidth management, and content availability.

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10 views5 pages

SDN Unit 4

The document discusses the composition of Software Defined Networks (SDNs), which includes flow tables, SDN software switches, and hardware SDN devices. It also outlines current programming languages and tools used in SDN, such as Frenetic, Procera, Ryu, NetKAT, Mininet, Floodlight, and OpenDaylight. Additionally, it explains the Northbound API, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), and various applications of SDNs in data centers, enterprise networks, optical networks, bandwidth management, and content availability.

Uploaded by

Ieif Jfieo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT- 4 SDN PROGRAMMING

1)Explain the Composition of SDNs?


Flow Tables: These are like instruction manuals for SDN
switches. They tell the switches how to handle incoming data
packets. Each entry in the flow table contains rules that specify
what to do with a specific type of data packet, such as where
to send it or how to modify it.

SDN Software Switches: These are virtual traffic controllers in


the network. They receive instructions from the SDN controller
and use the flow tables to decide how to process incoming
data packets. These switches are flexible and can be
controlled and programmed easily.

Hardware SDN Devices: These are the physical parts of the


network, like routers and switches. They work closely with the
SDN software switches to forward data packets according to
the instructions in the flow tables.

2)What are Current Languages and Tools used in SDN


programming?
Frenetic: Frenetic is not just a language; it's a full
programming framework for SDNs. It's based on a functional
reactive programming model, making it easier to write
programs that react to network events in real-time. Frenetic
abstracts away much of the complexity of SDN programming,
allowing developers to focus on high-level network policies.

Procera: Procera is a traffic management tool used in SDN


environments. It provides deep packet inspection and traffic
shaping capabilities, allowing administrators to prioritize
certain types of traffic or enforce quality of service (QoS)
policies.

Ryu: Ryu is a popular SDN controller framework written in


Python. It's known for its simplicity and flexibility, making it
easy to develop custom SDN applications and network control
logic. Ryu provides a set of libraries and APIs for building SDN
applications that can interact with network switches using
protocols like OpenFlow.

NetKAT: NetKAT stands for "Network Kleene Algebra with


Tests." It's a domain-specific language used for specifying
network policies in SDN environments. NetKAT allows network
administrators to define complex forwarding and routing
behaviors using a concise and expressive syntax.

Mininet: Mininet is a network emulation platform used for


testing SDN applications. It allows developers to create virtual
networks consisting of virtual switches, hosts, and links
running on a single machine. Mininet provides a lightweight
and scalable environment for testing SDN controllers and
applications without the need for physical hardware.

Floodlight: Floodlight is an open-source SDN controller


developed in Java. It's one of the first SDN controllers to gain
widespread adoption and is used in various research and
production environments. Floodlight provides a robust and
extensible platform for managing network traffic and
implementing custom SDN applications.

OpenDaylight: OpenDaylight is a modular SDN controller


platform supported by a large community of developers and
organizations. It provides a comprehensive set of tools and
APIs for building and deploying SDN solutions. OpenDaylight
supports various southbound and northbound protocols,
making it interoperable with a wide range of network devices
and applications.

3)What is Mininet? Explain basic commands of mininet


Mininet: Mininet is an open-source network emulator that
creates a virtual network environment on a single computer. It
allows users to emulate complex network topologies, test
network configurations, and develop SDN applications without
the need for physical hardware.

mn: This command is used to start Mininet. When you type


sudo mn, Mininet will launch with a default network topology
consisting of one controller, one switch, and two hosts.

help: Typing help within the Mininet CLI (Command Line


Interface) provides a list of available commands along with
brief descriptions of their functions.

nodes: This command lists all the nodes in the network


topology. Nodes can be switches, hosts, or controllers.

net: The net command displays network information, including


the IP addresses and MAC addresses of all nodes in the
network.

sudo mn -c: The "-c" option is used with the "sudo mn"
command to clean up the Mininet environment. It resets the
virtual network to its initial state, removing any previously
created topologies, configurations, and runtime data. This
command is useful for starting fresh or clearing the
environment after testing.

4)Explain Northbound Application Programming Interface.


Bridge: Just like a bridge connects two places, the
Northbound API connects the SDN controller (which manages
the network) to the applications (which want to control the
network).

Application Programming Interface (API): An API is like a set


of rules that lets different software programs talk to each other.
The Northbound API provides a set of rules that applications
can use to communicate with the SDN controller.

Northbound: "Northbound" refers to the direction towards the


applications. So, the Northbound API is the set of rules that
applications use to talk to the SDN controller.

Control: Through the Northbound API, applications can ask


the SDN controller to do things like set up new network paths,
manage traffic, or collect data about the network.

In summary, the Northbound API is the interface that allows


applications to communicate and interact with the SDN
controller, enabling them to control and manage the network
according to their needs.

5)Explain in detail Network Functions Virtualization (NFV).


Virtualization: NFV takes functions that were traditionally
performed by dedicated hardware devices and moves them
into software. This software, known as Virtual Network
Functions (VNFs), can then run on standard servers or in the
cloud.

NFV Infrastructure (NFVi): NFVi provides the hardware and


software platform for deploying and managing VNFs, including
compute, storage, networking, and virtualization technologies.

Management, Automation, and Network Orchestration


(MANO): MANO manages the NFV infrastructure and
orchestrates VNF lifecycle operations like provisioning, scaling,
and monitoring.

Relationship with SDN: NFV and SDN are related but serve
different purposes. NFV focuses on virtualizing network
functions, while SDN separates the control and data planes for
centralized network management and programmability.

Benefits of NFV: NFV offers benefits like cost savings,


scalability, and easier maintenance and upgrades by
consolidating network functions onto standard servers.

Overall Impact: NFV transforms network service delivery by


making networks more agile, efficient, and cost-effective.

Enlist the applications of Software Defined Networks.


Data Centers: SDN helps big data centers manage their traffic
and rules better. This keeps things running smoothly and helps
prevent problems.

Enterprise Networks: For big companies with lots of


computers and devices, SDN makes it easier to manage
everything. It helps keep the network secure and running well.

Optical Networks: SDN is useful for networks that move a lot


of data around, like those using fiber optic cables. It helps
make these networks more efficient.

Bandwidth Management: SDN helps internet providers make


sure everyone gets good internet speeds. It helps balance the
amount of data flowing through the network so that everyone
gets a good connection.

Content Availability: SDN makes sure that content like videos


or files is easy to find and access. It helps direct people to the
right places to get what they need quickly.

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