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Diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, occurring faster in gases than in liquids due to the quicker movement of gaseous particles. Factors affecting diffusion include temperature, where higher temperatures increase the rate, and particle size, where larger particles diffuse more slowly. Examples of diffusion include the mixing of a tea bag in water, the scent of perfume spreading in the air, and sugar dissolving in water.

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5 views2 pages

Diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, occurring faster in gases than in liquids due to the quicker movement of gaseous particles. Factors affecting diffusion include temperature, where higher temperatures increase the rate, and particle size, where larger particles diffuse more slowly. Examples of diffusion include the mixing of a tea bag in water, the scent of perfume spreading in the air, and sugar dissolving in water.

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O-Level Chemistry 5070|Syeda Huda

Diffusion
What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient. It is an
important process occurring in all living beings. Diffusion helps in the movement of substances
in and out of the cells. The molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal throughout.
Diffusion occurs much faster in gases than in liquids as gaseous particles move much quicker
than liquid particles.
At the same temperature, different gases do not diffuse at the same rate. This is due to the
difference in their relative molecular masses. Lighter gas particles can travel faster and hence
further, therefore the lower its relative mass the faster a gas will diffuse
Liquid and gases undergo diffusion as the molecules are able to move randomly.

Why diffusion takes place?


Gaseous particles are in constant random motion. Gaseous particles tend to undergo diffusion
because they have kinetic energy. According to Kinetic Particle Theory, gaseous particles are in
a constant state of motion, moving at random speeds and in many different directions. Because
of their kinetic energy at temperatures above absolute zero, all particles undergo diffusion.

Diffusion in Liquids
For example: Potassium Permanganate crystals in water
O-Level Chemistry 5070|Syeda Huda

Factors Affecting Diffusion


There are a few factors that affect the process of diffusion, which individually and collectively
alters the rate and extent of diffusion. These factors include:
 Temperature.
The higher the temperature the faster the rate of diffusion and vice versa.
 Size of the Particle (molecular mass)
The larger the molecular mass the slower the rate of diffusion and vice versa.

Diffusion in Gases
For Example: Reaction Between Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid

Examples of Diffusion
1) A tea bag immersed in a cup of hot water will diffuse into the water and change its
colour.
2) A spray of perfume or room freshener will get diffused into the air by which we can
sense the odour.
3) Sugar gets dissolved evenly and sweetens the water without having to stir it.
4) As we light the incense stick, its smoke gets diffused into the air and spreads throughout
the room.
5) By adding boiling water into the dried noodles, the water diffuses causing rehydration
and making dried noodles plumper and saturated.

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