EXAMPLES: REFERENCES
1.) Microbiology lab techniques refers to the set of procedures used to study and
examine the characteristics of microbes
for many scientific purposes.
PURPOSE/PROCESS:
microbial identification, staining, engineering, survey, culturing and manipulation
MATERIALS:
-Microscope
-Incubators
-Petri Dishes
-Auto Claves
-Culture Media
- Slides
-Test tubes
-Inoculation loops
-Pipettes and tips
-Laminar flow hoods and etc.
-Streaking is one of the most commonly used isolation microbiology
techniques. It is used to separate and isolate a pure strain
from a species of microorganism (bacteria).
-Culturing is one of the primary microbiology techniques that is used in the
process of isolating microbes caused infectious diseases in labs.
-Pipetting dispenses the liquid into the receiving vessel by gently pressing the
operating button to the first stop and then press the operating button to the second
stop.
2.) A 'Chemical Method' in Chemistry refers to techniques that bring about a change
in the chemical composition or properties of a material's surface, often through the
formation
of new chemical layers or bonds, such as covalent bonds or physisorption. These
methods can alter surface charge density and energy.
MATERIALS:
-Glassware
-Erlenmeyer flasks
-Beakers
-Volumetric flasks
-Graduated cylinders
-Pipettes
-Burettes
-Test tubes
-Funnels
-etc.
Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance
absorbs light by measuring the intensity of
light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that
each compound absorbs or transmits
light over a certain range of wavelength.
-Extraction is a principal method for isolating compounds from plant materials.
Extraction moves compounds from one liquid
to another, so that they can be more easily manipulated or concentrated. It also
enables the selective removal of components
in a mixture.
-It's a key method in analytical chemistry, enabling precise measurement of
unknown concentrations by carefully adding a known
concentration of a reagent until a chemical reaction reaches completion.
3.) Physical techniques refer to methods that involve the manipulation,
measurement, or analysis of physical properties and phenomena
without altering the chemical composition of the substances being studied. These
techniques primarily focus on the physical characteristics
such as mass, volume, density, temperature, size, and phase changes, and they
are often used for separation, purification, identification,
or quantification of materials.
-Weighing is the process of determining the mass of an object or substance
using a balance or scale.
-Grinding is the physical process of reducing the size of solid materials, often
using a mortar and pestle, ball mill, or grinder
-Drying is the process of removing moisture from a substance, typically by
applying heat or airflow
-Centrifugation is a technique that uses rapid spinning (centrifugal force) to
separate components of a mixture based on their size, shape, and density
-Distillatio is a separation process based on differences in boiling points,
where a liquid is heated to form vapor and then condensed back into a liquid.
Applications: Distillation is widely used in chemistry and
-Filtration is a technique for separating solid particles from a liquid or gas by
passing the mixture through a filter medium (e.g., filter paper, membrane)
-Chromatography is a group of techniques used to separate components of a
mixture based on their interaction with a stationary phase and a mobile phase..
-pH measurement is the determination of the acidity or basicity of a solution,
typically measured using a pH meter or pH indicator paper.
