Acknowledgeme
nt
I extend my sincere appreciation to
------------- for her invaluable guidance,
support, and encouragement that have been
instrumental in the successful completion of
this physics project. Her expertise in the
subject, unwavering dedication, and
willingness to assist whenever needed have
significantly enriched my understanding of
the concepts involved.
Furthermore, I would like to express my
heartfelt gratitude to my parents for their
unwavering support and encouragement
throughout this project. Their belief in my
abilities and their continuous motivation
have been indispensable.
I am especially grateful for their crucial
contribution in acquiring the materials
necessary for the completion of this project.
Their unwavering support made it possible
for me to conduct experiments and delve
deeper into the subject matter.
----------------------- and my parents' support
have been the cornerstone of this project,
and I am profoundly thankful for their
assistance.
AIM: To study the phenomenon of Wireless
Transmission of Electricity and
Electromagnetic Induction.
INTRODUCTION
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power
transmission, wireless energy transmission
(WET), or electromagnetic power transfer is
the transmission of electrical energy without
wires as a physical link. In a wireless power
transmission system, a transmitter device,
driven by electric power from a power source,
generates a time-varying electromagnetic
field, which transmits power across space to a
receiver device, which extracts power from the
field and supplies it to an electrical load. The
technology of wireless power transmission can
eliminate the use of the wires and batteries,
thus increasing the mobility, convenience, and
safety of an electronic device for all users.
Wireless power transfer is useful to power
electrical devices where interconnecting wires
are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not
possible. Moreover, this method can be
involved in a variety of applications, like to
charge mobile phones, laptops wirelessly. And
this kind of charging gives a far lower risk of
electrical shock as it would be galvanically
isolated. This is an emerging technology, and
further, the distance of power transfer can be
improved as the study across the world is still
going on.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
• 1 centre tapped insulated copper
wire coil (40 turns)
radius: 3.5 cm.
• 1 insulated copper wire coil (40
turns)
• 9V battery (Nippo)
• 22kΩ resistor
• 2N2222A transistor
• Connecting wires
• Battery connector
• LED bulb
• Switch
• Distance between two coils: 1.5cm
• Hot glue gun
PRINCIPLE
Wireless power transmission is based on the
principle of ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION, specifically Mutual Induction.
Electromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic
induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a
changing magnetic field (or a conductor
moving through a stationary magnetic field)
causes the production of a voltage across
the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes
an electrical current. The process by which a
changing electric field in the primary coil
induces a current in the secondary coil is
described by Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction. When an
alternating current (AC) flows through the
primary coil, it generates a changing
magnetic field around it. This changing
magnetic field extends into the surrounding
space, including the region where the
secondary coil is located. According to
Faraday's law, a changing magnetic field
induces an electromotive force (EMF) or
voltage in any nearby conductor. This
induced EMF is directly proportional to the
rate of change of the magnetic field. When
the secondary coil is within this changing
magnetic field, the magnetic flux passing
through it changes over time. As a result of
this changing magnetic flux, an EMF is
induced across the ends of the secondary
coil. This induced EMF creates a potential
difference that, if the secondary coil is part
of a closed circuit, drives a current to flow in
the secondary coil. This induced current
flows in such a direction as to create a
magnetic field opposing the change in the
original magnetic field (as per Lenz's law). In
summary, the changing magnetic field
produced by the alternating current in the
primary coil induces an EMF in the
secondary coil. This induced EMF drives a
current in the secondary coil if it forms part
of a closed circuit, demonstrating the
principle of electromagnetic induction.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
For the transmitter, wind the wire till 20-
turns, then the loop for centre tap
connection and again make 20 turns of coil.
And for the receiver, make a 40 turns of coil
winding without the centre tap. The
2N2222A transistor is used to create
oscillations in the circuit. According to the
frequency measurement, the recorded
oscillating frequency is approximately
300kHz. Hence the alternating current
changes its direction in the primary coil at
300kHz. The transistor has 3 pins, namely
collector, base, and emitter. It can be
visualized as a switch. The switch is in off
position when there is no current through
the base pin. The switch is in on position
when there is some current through the
base pin. The emitter is connected to
ground. The current enters the transistor
through the collector pin.
OBSERVATIONS
Experiment: introducing a steel plate
between the two coils
Observation: bulb doesn’t glow
Reason: When we introduce a conductor
like a steel plate between the coils, it
interacts with the changing magnetic field.
This interaction can induce eddy currents
within the plate due to electromagnetic
induction. Eddy currents are circular
currents that flow within conductive
materials when exposed to a changing
magnetic field. These eddy currents create
their magnetic field, which opposes the
original changing magnetic field that
induced them (in accordance with Lenz's
law). As a result, the magnetic field that
reaches the secondary coil is altered or
weakened due to the presence of the steel
plate and the opposing magnetic field
generated by the eddy currents.
This alteration or weakening of the magnetic
field can reduce the induced EMF in the
secondary coil, which means there might
not be enough current flowing through the
secondary coil to light up the bulb. So, in
summary, the introduction of the steel plate
can indeed generate eddy currents that
create an opposing magnetic field, which
could weaken the induced electric field and
current in the secondary coil, leading to the
bulb not glowing or glowing dimly.
Experiment: introducing a paper between
the two coils Observation: bulb glows
Reason: Paper, being a non-conductive
material, does not allow the flow of electric
current like conductors do. Therefore, it
doesn't induce eddy currents or interfere
with the magnetic field in the same way that
conductive materials do. When you place
paper between the coils, it doesn't
significantly affect the magnetic field's
strength or induce opposing currents like a
conductor would. As a result, the magnetic
field created by the primary coil should still
penetrate through the paper and induce an
electric current in the secondary coil
(assuming the paper is not excessively thick
or dense). Thus, placing paper between the
coils is unlikely to significantly disrupt the
electromagnetic induction process. The
induced current in the secondary coil should
still be present, allowing the bulb to glow if
the induced current is sufficient to power it.
APPLICATION
S
Wireless transmission of electricity, while
still in the developmental and experimental
stages for widespread commercial use,
holds promising applications in various
fields:
1. Consumer Electronics: Wireless
charging pads for smartphones,
smartwatches, and other portable devices
are already available commercially. This
technology eliminates the need for cables
and connectors, providing convenience to
users.
2. Electric Vehicles (EVs):
Implementation of wireless charging
infrastructure for EVs allows for convenient
charging without physical connections. This
technology could revolutionize the EV
industry by enabling charging while parked or
driving on specially equipped roads.
3. Medical Devices: Implantable medical devices, such
as pacemakers and insulin pumps, could benefit from
wireless power transfer. It could eliminate the need for
invasive surgeries to replace batteries and
reduce the risk of infections.
4. Industrial Automation: Wireless power
transmission has potential applications in
industrial automation, enabling machines
and robotics to operate without the
limitations of wired connections. This can
enhance flexibility and safety in
manufacturing processes.
5. Remote and Harsh Environments: In
areas where traditional power transmission
methods are difficult or dangerous to
implement, wireless power transfer could
provide an efficient solution. This includes
remote locations, extreme climates, or
hazardous environments.
6. Space Technology: Wireless power
transmission may be essential for future
space missions or settlements where long-
distance power transmission is necessary. It
could enable the beaming of solar power
collected in space back to Earth.
7. Consumer Appliances and Furniture:
Integration of wireless charging technology
into household items such as lamps,
furniture, and kitchen appliances allow for
convenient charging without the need for
multiple power cords.
8. Public Infrastructure: Implementation
of wireless charging pads or systems in
public places like airports, cafes, or public
transportation hubs provides a convenient
way for people to charge their devices on
the go. While wireless transmission of
electricity offers numerous potential
applications, further research and
development are needed to enhance
efficiency, safety, and scalability for broader
commercial use in various industries.
Regulatory and standardization efforts also
play a crucial role in its widespread adoption
AIM:
To study the phenomenon of Wireless Transmission of
Electricity and Electromagnetic Induction.
INTRODUCTION: Wireless power transfer (WPT),
wireless power transmission, wireless energy
transmission (WET), or electromagnetic power transfer
is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as
a physical link. In a wireless power transmission system,
a transmitter device, driven by electric power from a
power source, generates a time-varying
electromagnetic field, which transmits power across
space to a receiver device, which extracts power from
the field and supplies it to an electrical load. The
technology of wireless power transmission can
eliminate the use of the wires and batteries, thus
increasing the mobility, convenience, and safety of an
electronic device for all users. Wireless power transfer
is useful to power electrical devices where
interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or
are not possible. Moreover, this method can be
involved in a variety of applications, like to charge
mobile phones, laptops wirelessly. And this kind of
charging gives a far lower risk of electrical shock as it
would be galvanically isolated. This is an emerging
technology, and Downloaded by Arun Kesarwani
(
[email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|
51489012 further, the distance of power transfer can
be improved as the study across the world is still going
on.
