RESUME
MAKING A SOLUTION
Name : Raisya Ina Ramadhani
NIM : 12401081030029
Class : Chemistry Education 1B
Course : Basic Chemistry Practicum I
A. TITLE
Making a Sodium Chloride / Hamstoff solution
B. PURPOSE
As the objectives of the solution making practicum are :
1. Students can identify the solubility of NaCl in water.
2. Students can identify changes in solution after heating.
3. Student are able to analyze the factors that affect the solubility.
C. THEORETICAL STUDIES
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Solutions are not only
in liquid form but there are also in gaseous form, for example air (air is a homogeneous
mixture of several gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.), solid solutions
such as mixed metals. Liquid solutions are formed as solids dissolved in water (Marheni,
2007). A homogeneous mixture of substances is also referred to as a solution, which has
the same composition throughout its volume. A solution contains two or more
components referred to as solutes and solvents. The solute is a component that is small in
number, while the solvent is a component that is present in large quantities (Heny Ekwati
Haryono: 2019).
Speaking of solutions, solvent (solvent) as a component does not physically change if a
solution is formed, while solute (solute) as all components that dissolve in the solvent.
Solutions that use water as a solvent are called aqueous solutions. A solution that
contains a large amount of solute is called a concentrated solution. If the amount of solute
is small, it is called a dilute solution. The term solution usually means a liquid solvent
with the solute in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. For example, if a certain amount of sugar
is dissolved in water and stirred well, the mixture will basically be uniform (the same) in
all parts (Styarini L.W: 2012).
The properties of a solution are strongly influenced by its composition. To state the
composition of the solution, the term concentration is used. Concentration is the amount
of solute contained in a certain amount of solvent or solution (Chang, 2003: 106). The
concentration of the solution states quantitatively the composition of the solute and
solvent in the solution. Concentration is generally expressed in terms of the ratio of the
amount of solute to the total amount of substance in the solution, or in terms of the ratio
of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent. Examples of some units of
concentration are molar, molal, and parts per million (ppm). Meanwhile, qualitatively, the
composition of a solution can be expressed as dilute (low concentration) or concentrated
(high concentration) (Reger, Goode & Ball: 2009).
The interaction of the solute with the solvent is based on the like dissolves Jike principle,
where ionic substances will dissolve in polar solvents based on covalent splitting and
reducing the attractive force between electrolyte ions. (Sinila, 2016: 42). The solubility
rate is influenced by several factors. First, particle size, the finer the solute, the smaller
the particle size, the more surface area of the solute in contact with the solvent, the faster
it dissolves. Second, temperature, generally an increase in temperature increases the
solubility of soluts. Third, stirring, mechanical stirring will increase the speed of
solubility compared to if it is not stirred (Sinila, 2016: 45).
Sodium chloride is known as table salt. This compound has the formula NaCl and is
soluble in water. Sodium chloride is a compound that has a solid crystalline form and is
white in color. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound due to the bond between sodium
metal and non-metal chlorine. Sodium chloride, in water can ionize into its constituent
ions. As the main ingredient in table salt, it is usually used as a cheap and safe drying
agent because it has hygroscopic properties, making salting one of the effective methods
for food preservation (Rahmi Hidayati, Rahadian: 2019).
Sodium chloride is a material that is often used in everyday life. NaCl (Sodium Chloride)
is a compound of table salt. A type of mineral commonly consumed by humans. Forms
white crystals, often produced from sea water. Sodium chloride is a colorless solid. The
dissolution of NaCl in a polar solvent causes NaCl to break down into Na + ions and Cl-
ions will change the chemical and physical properties of the solution which are different
from pure solvents (Agus Abdul Gani, Yushardi: 2016).
D. MATERIALS AND APPARATUS
Apparatus Materials
Neraca Ohaus 311MB Stative and ring Table salt
Spatula 10 ml volumetric pipet Harnstoff
Watch glass Tripod and asbestos gauze Aquadest
250 mL beaker glass Alcohol burner
Stirer bar Wash bottle
Glass funnel Filter paper and bulb pipette
250 mL Volumetric flask Mortar and pestle
E. PROSEDUR
1. For the 250 ml 0,2 M Sodium Chloride solution, calculate the mass of Sodium
Chloride.
2. Fill 250 ml beaker glass with Sodium Chloride wich has been weighed. Add 150-200
ml aquadest, than stirrer until all salt dissolve. Afterward, filter the solution using
filter paper.
3. Pour the salt into volumetric flask, then add aquadest to mark boundaries. Shake until
homogeneous
4. Take 200 ml of solution in the flask, and enter into a 250 ml beaker. Then take 50 ml
of the solution using a volumetric pipet, then enter into a 100 ml beaker.
5. Heat the solution using a medium heat until crystals formed. Weigh the crystals
formed.
6. Take few of crystal and observed under microscope. Sketches of crystal formed.
F. REFERENCES
Marheni, dkk (2007) Kimia dasar 2. Jakarta : Universitas Terbuka.
Chang, Raymond, 2003. Kimia Dasar Konsep-Konsep Inti Jilid I. Edisi ketiga. Jakarta:
Erlangga.
Rahmi Hidayati dan Rahadian, 2019. Journal : STUDI TERMODINAMIKA PADA
TRANSPOR IONIK DALAM AIR DAN CAMPURAN.
Heny Ekawati Haryono, 2019. Kimia Dasar. Jawa Timur : Universitas Islam Durul Ulum.
Styarini L.W 2012. Perancangan Sistem Pengukuran Konsentrasi Larutan Gula
Menggunakan Metode Difraksi. Jurnal Teknik Pomits. Vol.1 (1) : 1-5.
Listyarini, Sri, dkk, 2017. Kimia Dasar I. Tangerang Selatan : Universitas T\erbuka.
Sinila, Santi, 2016. Farmasi Fisik. Jakarta: Pusdik SDM Kesehatan.
Reger, D. L.; Goode, S. R.; Ball, D. W. (2009), Chemistry: Principles and Practice
(dalam bahasa Inggris), Cengage Learning, ISBN 9-780534420123.
Agus Abdul Gani, Yushardi, 2016. Jawa Timur : Universitas Jember.
