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EXP-1 Functions and Recursion in C++

The document provides examples of functions and recursion in C++, illustrating how to declare and call functions with and without parameters. It explains recursion, including its advantages and disadvantages, and presents examples such as calculating the factorial of a number and the sum of the first N natural numbers using recursion. Overall, it serves as a basic guide to understanding functions and recursion in C++ programming.

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38 views4 pages

EXP-1 Functions and Recursion in C++

The document provides examples of functions and recursion in C++, illustrating how to declare and call functions with and without parameters. It explains recursion, including its advantages and disadvantages, and presents examples such as calculating the factorial of a number and the sum of the first N natural numbers using recursion. Overall, it serves as a basic guide to understanding functions and recursion in C++ programming.

Uploaded by

23shiv.prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Functions and recursion in c++


Example 1: Display a Text

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// declaring a function
void greet() {
cout << "Hello there!";
}

int main()
{

// calling the function


greet();

return 0;
}

Output
Hello there!

Example 2: Function with Parameters

// program to print a text

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// display a number
void displayNum(int n1, float n2) {
cout << "The int number is " << n1;
cout << "The double number is " << n2;
}

int main() {

int num1 = 5;
double num2 = 5.5;

// calling the function


displayNum(num1, num2);
return 0;
}
Output
The int number is 5
The double number is 5.5

Example 3: Add Two Numbers


// program to add two numbers using a function

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// declaring a function
int add(int a, int b) {
return (a + b);
}

int main() {

int sum;

// calling the function and storing


// the returned value in sum
sum = add(100, 78);

cout << "100 + 78 = " << sum << endl;

return 0;
}

Output
100 + 78 = 178

 A function that calls itself is known as a recursive function. And, this technique is known as
recursion.

Advantages of C++ Recursion


 It makes our code shorter and cleaner.
Disadvantages of C++ Recursion
 It takes a lot of stack space compared to an iterative program.
 It uses more processor time.
 It can be more difficult to debug compared to an equivalent iterative program.

Example 1: Factorial of a Number Using Recursion


// Factorial of n = 1*2*3*...*n
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int factorial(int);

int main() {
int n, result;

cout << "Enter a non-negative number: ";


cin >> n;

result = factorial(n);
cout << "Factorial of " << n << " = " << result;
return 0;
}

int factorial(int n) {
if (n > 1) {
return n * factorial(n - 1);
} else {
return 1;
}
}

Output
Enter a non-negative number: 4
Factorial of 4 = 24

Example2: C++ Program to calculate the sum of first N natural numbers using recursion
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int nSum(int n)
{
// base condition to terminate the recursion when N = 0
if (n == 0) {
return 0;
}

// recursive case / recursive call


int res = n + nSum(n - 1);

return res;
}

int main()
{
int n = 5;
// calling the function
int sum = nSum(n);

cout << "Sum = " << sum;


return 0;
}

Output
Sum = 15

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