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Computer Parts or Components

Computer components are essential parts of a functional computer system, primarily including input devices, CPU, output devices, primary memory, and secondary memory. The CPU acts as the brain of the computer, executing commands and calculations, while primary memory (RAM and ROM) stores data temporarily or permanently. Secondary memory provides non-volatile storage for data and programs not currently in use.

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12 views4 pages

Computer Parts or Components

Computer components are essential parts of a functional computer system, primarily including input devices, CPU, output devices, primary memory, and secondary memory. The CPU acts as the brain of the computer, executing commands and calculations, while primary memory (RAM and ROM) stores data temporarily or permanently. Secondary memory provides non-volatile storage for data and programs not currently in use.

Uploaded by

Amarjeet Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Parts or Components

Computer components are the essential building parts of developing a functional computer
system. The components that make up a computer are called computer components. The
processor (CPU), memory, and input/output devices are every computer's three main
building blocks. Initially computers were primarily used for numerical computations because
any information can be numerically encoded. The ability of computers to interpret
information for several purposes was quickly recognized.

There are 5 main computer components that are given below:

o Input Devices
o CPU
o Output Devices
o Primary Memory
o Secondary Memory

Input devices
A computer system's input devices are important because they allow users to enter
commands and data. Keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones are numerous
examples of input device
o The keyboard is the most commonly utilized input device for inserting text and
queries into a computer system.
o Mice are another common input tool used to move the cursor on a computer
screen.
o Scanners are used for inputting physical documents or images into a computer
system.
o Microphones are used to input audio data into a system for computing. They can
be used for various tasks, including recording audio for podcasts, participating in
video conferences, and creating voice memos for later use.

CPU
A computer machine's "brain" is its central processing unit (CPU). It executes the
calculations and commands required for functioning of the computer device. The CPU
comprises some components: the control unit, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers.

o The CPU's control unit is a crucial component. It is in charge of reading and


decoding instructions from memory. The right part of the CPU receives and
executes these instructions from the control unit.
o The ALU, often known as the arithmetic logic unit, is another crucial CPU part.
The ALU operates addition, subtraction, comparison calculations, and other
logical and mathematical processes. These operations are carried out using
binary logic, which limits operations to the 0 and 1 digits.

Primary Memory
The CPU has direct access to primary memory, sometimes referred to as random access
memory (RAM). The data and instructions that are currently being processed are kept in
primary memory. The data and instructions are accessed by the CPU from primary memory
when a computer programme is running. The information is removed from primary memory
once the programme is completed.

Primary memory is classified into two types: random access memory (RAM) and read-only
memory (ROM).

o RAM is the most common form of primary memory and is used to store data and
instructions that the CPU wishes to access frequently. RAM is volatile, which
means that its contents are lost when the computer is turned off. But RAM can be
effortlessly and quickly written to and read from, making it a really perfect storage
medium for temporary data and instructions.
o ROM is a form of memory this is used to store data and instructions that don't
change. ROM is non-volatile, which means that its contents aren't lost while the
computer is turned off. ROM is used to keep firmware and the laptop's basic
input/Output machine (BIOS), that are required for the computer to boot up and
function well.

Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory, also called auxiliary storage, is a type of computer memory that is used
to store data and programs that aren't currently being utilized by the CPU. In contrast to
primary memory, secondary memory is non-volatile, which means that its contents are not
lost when the computer is turned off.

There are several types of secondary memory devices, such as hard disk drives (HDD),
solid-state drives (SSD), optical disks (including CDs and DVDs), and USB flash drives.
Output Devices:
Output devices are hardware components of a computer system that are used to show or
send data from the pc to the user or any other device. They enable customers to view and
engage with the information and applications the computer is processing. Speakers,
projectors, printers, and monitors are a few examples of output devices.

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