The Modern Periodic Table of the Elements

1 18
Hydrogen Helium
Average relative masses Element name Mercury
1 are rounded to two 2
Atomic #
H
1.01
2
decimal places.
80 13 14 15 16 17
He
4.00

Hg
2.1 All average masses are to ---
be treated as measured
Symbol
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 quantities, and subject to 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li
6.94
Be
9.01
significant figure rules. Do
not round them further 200.59 Avg. Mass B
10.81
C
12.01
N
14.01
O
16.00
F
19.00
Ne
20.18
1.0 1.5 when performing
calculations.
1.9 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 ---
Electronegativity
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
0.9 1.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 ---

Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.0

Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.6

Cesium Barium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57-70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba * Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 174.97 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4

Francium Radium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roegentium Copernicium Ununtrium
Nihonium Flerovium Ununpentium
Moscovium Livermorium Ununseptium
Tennessine Ununoctium
Oganesson
87 88 89-102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh
Uut Fl Uup
Mc Lv Uus
Ts Uuo
Og
(223) (226) (262) (261) (262) (266) (264) (269) (268) (271) (272) (277) (284)
(286) (289) (288)
(289) (293) (294) (294)
0.7 0.9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- ------ --- --- --- ---
---

Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
*lanthanides La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1
Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
**actinides Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
(227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259)
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
 Polyatomic Ions Constants
kPa × L atm × L
Ion Name Ion Name R = 8.31 = 0.0821
NH4+ ammonium MnO4- permanganate mol × K mol × K
C2H3O2- acetate NO2- nitrite torr × L mmHg × L
R =62.4 = 62.4
AsO43- arsenate NO3- nitrate mol × K mol × K
BO33- borate C2O42- oxalate
B4O72- tetraborate O22- peroxide 1.00 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760. torr = 760. mmHg
BrO3- bromate PO43- phosphate K = °C + 273
BrO- hypobromite HPO42- hydrogen phosphate
For H2O:
CO32- carbonate H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate D(water) = 1.00 g/mL Cp (water) = 4.184 J/g•oC
HCO3- hydrogen carbonate PO33- phosphite Cp (ice) = 2.03 J/g•oC Cp (steam) = 2.01 J/g•oC
ClO- hypochlorite SeO42- selenate DHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol ∆Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol
ClO2- chlorite SiO32- silicate Kb = 0.512 oC/m Kf = 1.86 oC/m
ClO3- chlorate SO32- sulfite
ClO4- perchlorate HSO3- hydrogen sulfite Solubility Rules
Cr2O72- dichromate SO42- sulfate 1. Salts of alkali metals & ammonium are soluble.
2. Nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate and acetate salts are soluble.
CrO42- chromate HSO4- hydrogen sulfate 3. Sulfate salts are soluble; exceptions Pb, Ag, Hg, Ba, Sr, Ca.
CN- cyanide C4H4O62- tartrate 4. Chloride, bromide & iodide salts are soluble, except with Pb,
OH- hydroxide S2O32- thiosulfate Ag, Hg ions.
5. Hydroxides are insoluble, except with alkali metals, and
IO- hypoiodite SCN- thiocyanate moderately soluble with Ba, Sr and Ca
IO3- iodate 6. Carbonates, phosphates, chromates, sulfides, and sulfites are
IO4- periodate insoluble except those with alkali metals & ammonium

Monatomic Type II Cations

Cation Name
No. of Lone
Fe3+ iron (III) Molecular Prefixes Molecular
Atoms pairs
Generic Geometry Molecule
Fe2+ iron (II) 1. mono- bonded on
Formula & Picture
Cu2+ copper (II) 2. di- to Central
Hybridization
Central Atom
Cu+ copper (I) 3. tri-
Atom
Co3+ cobalt (III) 4. tetra-
Co2+ cobalt (II) 5. penta- linear
6. hexa- sp3 ( single
Sn4+ tin (IV) 1 N/A AB
bonds), sp2
Sn2+ tin (II) 7. hepta- (one double),
8. octa- 2 0 AB2
Pb4+ lead (IV) sp (one triple
Pb2+ lead (II) 9. nona- or two double)
Hg2+ mercury (II) 10.deca-
trigonal planar
Hg22+ mercury (I) 3 0 AB3
sp2
Cr3+ chromium (III)
Cr2+ chromium (II)
Mn3+ manganese (III)
tetrahedral
Mn2+ manganese (II) 4 0 AB4
sp3
Ni2+ nickel (II)
Ni4+ nickel (IV)
trigonal
Transition metals with only 3 1 AB3e pyramidal
one charge: sp3
Zn2+ zinc
2+
Cd cadmium bent
2 2 AB2e2
Ag +
silver sp3