DISASTER READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
PPT 2
MIKO ANSELM A. GALLON
SST 1
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
ON ONE’S LIFE
MELCS
Describe the effects of disasters on one’s life. DRR11/12-Ia-b-3
CHECKING YOUR FEELINGS
• Think of three (3) disasters that you had
experienced, watched, or read in the past two
years. How do you feel while experiencing,
watching, or reading it.
CALAMITY / DISASTER - YOUR FEELING
1
2
3
EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
• Natural disasters can destroy a whole
community in an instant. Examples of
natural disasters are volcanic
eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes, and
typhoons which are destructive to
people's lives.
EFFECTS OF MAN-MADE DISASTER
• Man-made disasters on the other hand are
caused by human beings. Some of the man-
made disasters are bomb explosions,
terrorism, wars, leakage of poisonous
chemicals, pollutions, industrial accidents,
and epidemics. They are identified as man-
made disasters because they happen due to
human actions and not by natural forces.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HAZARD AND DISASTER?
• A hazard is a dangerous situation or
event that carries a threat to humans. A
disaster is an event that harms humans
and disrupts the operations of society.
Hazards can only be considered disasters
once it affected humans. If a disaster
happened in an unpopulated area, it is
still a hazard.
THE HUMAN EFFECT OF NATURAL
AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS
1. Displaced Populations
• One of the most immediate effects of natural
disasters is population displacement. When countries
are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful
forces of nature, many people need to abandon
their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large
influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health
care and education, as well as food supplies and
clean water.
THE HUMAN EFFECT OF NATURAL
AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS
1. Displaced Populations
• One of the most immediate effects of natural
disasters is population displacement. When countries
are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful
forces of nature, many people need to abandon
their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large
influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health
care and education, as well as food supplies and
clean water.
Marawi Evacuees - Philstar.com
Tacloban after Yolanda – Philippine
News Agency
THE HUMAN EFFECT OF NATURAL
AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS
2. Health Risks
• Aside from the obvious immediate danger that
natural disasters present, the secondary effect can
be just as damaging. Severe flooding can result in
stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne
bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Without
emergency relief from international aid
organizations and others, death tolls can rise even
after the immediate danger has passed.
Sources of Water – UN Water
Disaster Recovery – Unicef
THE HUMAN EFFECT OF NATURAL
AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS
3. Food Scarcity
• The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food
supplies. Thousands of people around the world are
hungry because of destroyed crops and loss of
agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a
storm or gradually in a drought. As a result, food prices rise
reducing families’ purchasing power and increasing the
risk of severe malnutrition or worse. The impacts of hunger
following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be
tremendous, causing lifelong damage to children’s
development.
Typhoon Rai in Dinagat Islands –
AlJazeera
Typhoon Haiyan – The Guardian
THE HUMAN EFFECT OF NATURAL
AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS
4. Emotional Aftershocks
• Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for
young children. Confronted with scenes of
destruction and the deaths of friends and loved
ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition
resulting from extreme trauma. Left untreated,
children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting
psychological damage and emotional distress.
cadisinternational.org
Turkey-Syria quake –
thehealthsite.com
EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
• Great damage caused by a disaster can
be reduced if everyone will take
responsibility in anticipating its effects.
Here are some ways on how to plan
ahead of a disaster:
EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
1. Check for hazards at home.
2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
3. Educate yourself and family members
4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.
5. Develop an emergency communication plan.
6. Help your community get ready.
7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle
ACTIVITY: WHAT IF?
• Consider yourself as a friend to the
following people. Given their situations and
the fact that they are suffering from a
previous disaster, state the impact/effects of
the disasters they are experiencing and
what tips, advice or words can you give
them to help them recover.
1. Diluc is a 16-year-old student. He
lives in Taal, Batangas, together with
his family. Fishing is their primary
source of income. They found out
that the Taal volcano had erupted in
Taal, Batangas. What are the
possible effects / effects of this
condition on their family, and what
advice are you going to give him?
2. Chasca is a primary school teacher in
Cainta, Rizal. She used to be the mother of
two beautiful children. Their community was hit
by a Super Typhoon submerging and washed
away their homes and properties. It is
noticeably clear to her mind how her two
children tried to hold their hands tightly, but
their hands slipped away. What would be the
potential effect / effects of the Super Typhoon
teacher Chasca is experiencing? How do you
think can she be helped in coping up from the
tragedy?
GROUP ACTIVITY
• Suppose you have watched a true-to-life story featured on
a television. Compose a letter addressed to Ate Charot (a
TV program host). Your letter should narrate how the main
character/s in the story inspired you with everything that
he/she went through and the process on how he/she
survived over the challenges of the disaster that he/she had
experienced. Make sure that emphasis will be given on the
disaster effects to the life of the main character.
• Present your output through a short presentation/role play.
RUBRIC FOR GRADING
• CONTENT – 20
• DELIVERY – 10
• OVERALL PRESENTATION – 10
• ORIGINALITY – 5
• TEAMWORK - 5
TOTAL - 50
DISASTERS FROM
DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVES
MELCS
Analyze disaster from the different perspectives (physical, psychological, socio-
cultural, economic, political, and biological). DRR11/12-Ia-b-2
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
1. Physical Perspective
Calamities are phenomena that cause
great physical damage in a community
infrastructure, its people and their properties,
e.g. houses and environmental sources of
living. These cited effects of a disaster can be
easily measured and the most common.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Natural disasters generally affect the physical
infrastructural facilities, agricultural productivity and
even lead to loss of life and cause damage to
property. Various factors influence the effects of a
disaster on a country among them are the
magnitude of the disaster, the geography of the area
affected, and the recovery efforts directed towards
reducing the immediate effects of a disaster.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Effects of Physical Disasters
- Injuries
- Physical disabilities or illness
- Sanitation
- Damage in infrastructure
IMPACTS OF
YOLANDA
Source: Humanitarian Practice
Network
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
2. Psychological Perspective
Victims of disasters may suffer from Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other
serious mental health conditions, which are
not being given much attention to by the
authorities or even by the victims, themselves.
(This may be sensitive statement)
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Disasters are mostly unpredictable, which leave
the victims in a state of shock. They tend to deny
the loss and try to escape from reality. Being in a
denial state makes the victims more vulnerable to
stress, anxiety, and other different maladaptive
reactions. Death of a closed one also leaves the
victim in a state of insecurity because the sense of
love, attachment and belongingness are deprived.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Psychological effects of a Disaster:
• distress hopelessness
• intrusion/avoidance emotional effects
• hatred/revenge cognitive Effects
• dependence/insecurities lack of trust
• grief/withdrawn/isolation interpersonal effect
• guilt feeling helplessness
Filipino teacher Hannah Jumang-It,
cries next to her brother Mark Dave,
as they wait for the retrieval of their
father, Necitas Mejorada, a lay
minister who was pinned by the
rubble of damaged church of Our
Lady Of Light, destroyed by a 7.2-
magnitude earthquake in Loon
town, Bohol province, central
Philippines, Oct. 17.
Source:
http://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/10/powerful_
earthquake_strikes_th.html
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
3. Socio-cultural Perspective
Filipinos are generally known as
“matiisin”, resourceful, helpful, optimistic,
and prayerful. These characteristics are
manifested in the country’s recent fight
against COVID-19.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
The culture of “malalampasan din natin ‘to.”
belief and “bahala na and Diyos” syndrome give
hope to most Filipino in the midst of a disaster. Such
perspective helps a lot especially those who belong
to the marginalized sector to be hopeful and
continue fighting against any challenge at hand.
Their belief that a help from someone or from God
would arrive at a time they most needed. It also
helps most people survive a lot of oddities in life.
Bayanihan after Typhoon
Haiyan
Source: Humanitarian Practice Network
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
4. Economic Perspective
Disasters affect the economic condition of a
community because they reduce local and
international trade. It can also partially or totally
paralyze a country’s transportation system.
Implementation of a partial and total shut down of
local business operations result to a lot of people
losing means of living.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Economic Effects of Disasters
- unemployment
- loss of property
- loss of household
- loss of crops
- loss of public infrastructure
Developing countries
in Asia and the
Pacific are among
the world's most
affected by natural
disasters and their
economic impact.
Source: ADB
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
5. Political Perspective
Natural disasters are commonly thought to
be less politically argumentative than armed
conflicts, yet a closer look shows that both the
effects of a natural disaster and the resulting
distribution of humanitarian aid are profoundly
linked to politics.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Just as vulnerability to disasters is
mediated by the political system of a
country, disasters can have major
consequences for political stability and
political legitimacy (Hörhager, July 2017).
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Since agencies of government have a
significant role to play in directing disaster
preparedness, prevention and recovery. Social
systems establish vulnerability to natural
disasters and governments are often
considered to be responsible for the disaster
effects.
The politics of the
Philippines'
vulnerability to
natural disasters.
Source: The Washington Post
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
6. Biological Perspective
The disturbing effects caused by a
prevalent kind of disease or virus in an
epidemic or pandemic level is known as
biological disaster.
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
(a) Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects
large numbers of people within a given
community or area. Ex: Dengue
(b) Pandemic Level: Biological disaster affects
a much large region, sometime spanning
entire continents or the globe. Ex. Swine Flu
THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF
DISASTER
Effects of Biological Disasters
loss of lives
negative economic effect
unemployment
hunger
COVID, natural hazards and climate crisis in Asia and the Pacific expand 'riskcape‘
Source: The UN News
ACTIVITY: WEIGHING WHAT’S
IMPORTANT
Thoma is an earthquake victim. He manages
to save all his family members from the wraths of
the disaster. Though he is mentally tough, all his
resources are already gone.
If you were to rank the following needs of
Thoma from the most important to the least
important, how would you arrange the following
needs? Justify your answer.
ACTIVITY: WEIGHING WHAT’S
IMPORTANT
FOOD
COUNSELLING
HOME
MEDICINE
WORK
GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE
THAT’S ALL. THANKS FOR LISTENING.
