NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Syllabus for B.Sc. Engineering in Electronics & Communication

Engineering(ECE)

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TRADE &TECHNOLOGY(ISTT)

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 GENERAL INFORNATION, RULES AND
REGULATIONS
FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

1. Introduction:
National University pursues a policy of continuous updating and improving the four-
year courses curriculum having 8 (eight) semesters and carrying 147 credits for
bachelor’s degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering (B.Sc. Eng.). This
is to take into account the modern developments in the field of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, where ideas and concepts move too fast. Detailed
syllabuses for all the courses have been framed keeping in view the objectives of
National University in this regard, Electronics and Communication Engineering
discipline is to be considered in a special way, as it has got a professional backing
and, a large employer group needs the services of its graduates.

2. Admission:
Students will be admitted in the first semester, first year of Electronics and
Communication Engineering (ECE) in affiliated colleges/institutes as per rules of the
National University.
Students passing HSC in the current year or one year ago with minimum GPA 2.0 in
SSC and HSC (Science/Diploma in Engineering/Equivalent) examination and having
at least “C” grade in Physics and Mathematics can apply. Students passing General
Certificate Examination (GCE) in at least 3 subjects in “O” level and 2 in “A” level
and having at least “C” grade in Physics and Mathematics can apply. A one year
break of study is acceptable.

3. Duration of Each Semester:

The duration of each will be 19 weeks whose breakdown is as follows:
Classes 15 weeks
Recess before semester final Examination 2 weeks
Semester Final Examination (approximately) 2
weeks
Total 19 weeks

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4. Course Design System:
Each course is designed by a three-letter code identifying the department offering it,
followed by a three-digit number having the following interpretation:
The first digit indicates years.
The second and third digits indicate courses.

5. Assignment of Credits:
The assignment of credits to a theoretical course follows a different rule from that of a
practical course.

Theoretical Courses: One lecture of 1-hour duration per week per semester is
equivalent to 1.0 credit.

Practical Courses:One lab session of 3-hour duration per week per semester is
equivalent to 1.5 credits. 1 credit is equivalent to two hours of lab work per semester
per week.
Project: The work must be initiated in 7th Semester.

6. Types of courses:
In ECE there are two types of courses: (i) core courses, which from the nucleus of the
B.Sc. degree program and (ii) General Education (GED) Courses, the study of which
will be useful for the students to grow as a good citizen with social values and norms.
A student has to complete the entire designated course for the award of degree.

7. The Grading System:

The total performance of a student in a given course in based on a scheme of
continuous assessment. For theory courses, continuous assessment in made through a
set of quizzes, class evaluation, class participation, homework assignment and a
semester final examination. The assignment in laboratory/practical courses is made
through observation of the student at work during the class, viva-voce during
laboratory hours and quizzes.
Each course has a certain number of credits, which describes its corresponding
weight. A letter grade with a specified number of grade points is awarded to each
course. A student’s performance is measured both by the number of credits completed
satisfactory and by the weighted average of the grade points earned. A

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minimum grade point average (GPA) is essential for satisfactory progress. A
minimum number of credits have to be earned in order to qualify for the degree
requirements. Letter grades and corresponding grade points (as approved by the
University Grants Communication of Bangladesh) will be awarded in accordance with
the provision shown below:

Letter Grade Grade Point Numerical Grade

A+ 4.00 80% and above
A 3.75 75% to less than 80%
A- 3.50 70% to less than 75%
B+ 3.25 65% to less than 70%
B 3.00 60% to less than 65%
B- 2.75 55% to less than 60%
C+ 2.50 50% to less than 55%
C 2.25 45% to less than 50%
D 2.00 40% to less than 45%
F* 0.00 Less than 40%
*Subject in which the student gets F grades shall not be counted towards credit
hours requirements and for the calculation of Grade Point Average(GPA) or
Cumulative GPA (CGPA).

8. Examination Rules:
There will be at least two in-course examinations to be conducted by the
college/Institute for each course and marks along with the grades be submitted to the
controller of examinations of the National University before the final examination.
Semester final examination will be conducted by the National University on a six
months basis for each semester. Semester final examination of each theoretical course
will be held for 3 hours and there will be 7 questions in which 5 questions must be
answered. Each question carrying 16 marks should contain two or more parts (e.g.
1(a), 1(b), 1(c), etc.). Two examiners will evaluate the semester final examination
scripts separately. If the variation of marks of the two examiners is 20% or more, a
third examiner will be appointed to reexamine the scripts. The marks will be finalized
by averaging of minimum variation of two examiners.

9. Distribution of Marks for Theoretical Courses:

Twenty percent (20%) of marks of all theoretical courses shall be allotted to two in-
course examinations each for 7.5%. The answer scripts of in course examinations

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may be sent to the Controller of Examination of the National University if required.
The rest of the marks (80%) for each theoretical course will be allotted to the semester
final examination, which will be conducted centrally by the National University.
There are internal and external examiners for each course in the Semester final
examination. Distribution of marks for a given theoretical course is as follows:
In the case of in-course assessment 5% marks out of the allocated 20% will be
awarded on the basis of attendance as follows:
90% and above 5%
85% to less than 90% 4%
80% to less than 85% 3%
75% to less than 80% 2%
70% to less than 75% 1%
Less than 60% 0%
In-course examination 7.5%+7.5%+5%=20%
Semester final examination (3-hour duration) =80%
Total Marks =100%

10.Distribution of Marks for Practical Courses:

The practical semester final examinations have to be conducted by internal and
external examiners. The practical final examination that is conducted centrally by the
National University will be held on 60 marks for each course. Marks distribution of
each practical course is stated below:

In-course examination (Practical) =40%

Semester Final Examination (3 hour) =60%
Total =100%

Distribution of 60% practical marks:

Electronics/ Percentage of Programming/ Percentage of

Hardware/ Total Software/ Total
Communication/ Equivalent Other
Equivalent Other Lab
Lab
Design 15% Algorithm 15%
Circuit Implement 20% Coding 20%
Result 15% Result 15%
Experiment Related 10% Experiment Related 10%
Viva Viva
11.Evaluation of Project work:

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The project work will convey 200 marks. The evaluation of the project work, for
grading will be as follows:

Project Defense 50% Marks

Project Report 50% Marks
A panel of examiners appointed by the National University will conduct the project
defense and also examine the project report. The project evaluation can be conducted
by one or more centers, selected by the National University. At least two members for
the panel of examiners must be present for project defense and evaluation.

12.Calculation of GPA and CGPA:

Grade point average (GPA) is the weightedaverage of the points obtained in all the
coursespassed/completed by a student. For example, if a student passes/completes
courses in a semester having credits of C1, C2, ……. Cnand his/her grade points in
these courses are G1, G2,…...Gnrespectively then

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝐶 𝑖 ∗ 𝐺 𝑖
GPA = ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝐶 𝑡
The cumulative Grade point average (CGPA) is the weighted average of the GPA
obtained in all the semesters passed/completed by a student. For example, if a student
passes/completes n semester having total credits of TC1, TC2, ……… TCnand his/her
GPA in these semesters are GPA1, GPA2, …...GPAn respectively then

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑇𝐶1 ∗ 𝐺𝑃𝐴𝑖
CGPA= ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑇𝐶

Please note that the grades earned for viva-voce (4th semester) will not be taken into
account for CGPA calculation. However, the grades must be shown in the transcript.

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13.Numerical Example of Computing GPA and CGPA:

13.1 Example for computing GPA:

Suppose a student has completed eight courses in a term and obtained the following
grades:

Course Credits, Ci Grade Grade points, Ci * Gi

Gi
ECE-101 2.00 A+ 4.00 8.000
ECE-102 3.00 A+ 4.00 12.000
ECE-103 1.50 A 3.75 5.625
ECE-104 3.00 B 3.00 9.000
ECE-105 1.50 A- 3.50 5.250
ECE-106 3.00 A+ 4.00 12.000
ECE-107 4.00 A 3.75 15.000
ECE-108 1.50 A- 3.50 5.250
Total 4.00 72.125

GPA=72.125/19.50=3.7

13.2 Example for Computing CGPA:

Suppose a student has completed four semesters and obtained the following GPA:

Semester Credit hours GPA GPAi * TCi

Earned,TCi Earned,
GPAi
I 19 3.70 72.150
II 20 3.93 80.565
III 21 3,96 84.150
IV 20 4.00 81.000
Total 81.50 317.865

CGPA=317.865/81.50=3.90

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14.Promotion to the Next Year:
A student has to take the required courses for particular year, appear at the annual
examination and score a minimum specified GPA/CGPA to be promoted to the next
year.
Promotion to the next year will be given if a student scores minimum GPA as follows:
1st year to 2nd year: GPA 2.00 (D)
2nd year to 3rd year: CGPA 2.00 (D)
3rd year to 4th year: CGPA 2.00 (D)

15.Minimum Earned Credit and CGPA Requirement for the degree:

The minimum CGPA requirement for the Bachelor Degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering is 2.00 and having no F grade in any course (except
viva-voce).
A student must attend the viva-voce (4th semester) and the grads earned must be
shown in the transcript. However, the grades earned for viva-voce will not be taken
into account for CGPA calculation.

16.Time Limits for the Completion of Bachelor’s Degree:

A student must complete his studies for a Bachelor’s Degree within maximum period
of six academic years.

17.Improvements:
A student may be allowed to sit for improvement examination in order to improve
his/her grade point in a particular course provided he/she has completed that course
and appeared at the examination in that course and earned a grade “C” or bellow.
However, the following constraints will be operative:
A student is allowed to sit for improvement examination within one academic year.
A student is allowed to retake 25% of the total courses of a particular year.
A student need not attend classes for improving courses.
A student is allowed to improve only the score of final examination. The original
scores of in-course examination, continuous assessment of laboratory courses and
marks of oral examination will be retained.

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For improving final results (after completing fourth year final examination) a student
is allowed to sit for improvement examination within one academic year. He/she is
allowed to retake 25% for the total courses of 4th year.
It is not necessary to cancel the original results before appearing improvement
examination. If the results are not improved, the original results will be retained.
For improvement examinations, the fees will be twice than the normal fees.
Retake of the courses will be mentioned in the transcripts issued.

18.Readmission:
A student who is not promoted to the next higher year may seek readmission in the
present year and may continue studies as a regular student.
Marks of in-course assessment and laboratory performance assessment in the previous
year may be retained by students seeking readmission if they do not get the
opportunity to repeat the courses due to late admission.
A student must complete his B.Sc. degree program within six consecutive academic
years.
A student will not be allowed readmission twice in the same year.

19.Drop Out:
A student failing to earn yearly CGPA for promotion form one year to the next year
after taking improvement/readmission in any year shall be dropped out of the
program.

20.Dean’s Award:
As a recognition of excellent performance, the name of students obtaining an average
CGPA of 3.75 or above in an academic year without appearing any improvement
examination may be published in the list of Dean’s Award of the Faculty.

21.Other General Regulation:

For any matter not carried in this guideline, rules for Graduation Program of National
University will be applicable.

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National University

Syllabus for B.Sc. Engineering in

Electronics & Communication Engineering
Session: 2007-2008

The B.Sc. Eng. program in Electronics & Communication Engineering (ECE) is

designed to produce skilled graduates in the field to meet the growing demands of
electronics & communication engineers in Bangladesh and abroad. The program
consisting of 147 credits and normally extends for eight semesters, that is, four
academic years.
Each 3 credit theoretical course requires 3 class hours per week for 15 weeks, that is,
a total of 45 hours in each semester. Each credit of laboratory work requires at least
15 lab sessions (each of at least 2 hours duration). Each 3 credit theory course carries
100 marks,of which 20% marks are allocated for in-course assessment of class work
(class tests, presentations etc.) and the remaining 80% marks are reserved for the final
examination. The duration of the final examination for each 3 credit theoretical course
in 3 hours.
The duration of the final examination for each laboratory course will be at least 3
hours and the marks for each laboratory course (1.5 credits) will be 50, of which 40%
marks are allocated for in-course assessment and the remaining marks are reserved for
the Lab Final examination. Each viva-voce examination will be conducted for 50
marks by a committee appointed by the National University.
The minimum CGPA requirement for the bachelor’s degree in Electronics &
Communication Engineering is 2.00 or above and having no F grade in any course.
The grading system introduced by the University Grants Commission (UGC) of
Bangladesh will be followed for evolution of the performance of the students. (Please
consult the General Rules for the undergraduate program for admission requirements,
semester duration, grading system, project evaluation and other relevant information).

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 Semester-Wise Course Distribution:
1st Semester (Year 1)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-101 English 3.0
ECE-102 Physics-I (Electricity, Magnetism & Optics) 3.0
ECE-103 Math-I: Differential and Integral Calculus) 3.0
ECE-104 Math-II: Linear Algebra 3.0
ECE-105 Fundamental of Computer and Programming 3.0
ECE-106 Physics-I Lab 1.5
ECE-107 Fundamental of Computer Lab 1.5
Total 18

2nd Semester (Year 1)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-111 Physics-II (Modern Physics, Heat & Thermodynamics) 3.0
ECE-112 Math-III: Differential Equations & Complex Variables 3.0
ECE-113 Electrical Circuits- I 3.0
ECE-114 Electronic Circuits- I 3.0
ECE-115 Digital Electronics- I 3.0
ECE-116 Electrical Circuits- I Lab 1.5
ECE-117 Electronics- I Lab 1.5
Total 18

3rd Semester (Year-2)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-201 Statistics and Probability 3.0
ECE-202 Math-IV: Engineering Mathematics 3.0
ECE-203 Electrical Circuits- II 3.0
ECE-204 Electronic Circuits- II 3.0
ECE-205 Object Oriented Programming 3.0
ECE-206 Electrical Circuits- II Lab 1.5
ECE-207 Object Oriented Programming Lab 1.5
ECE-208 Electronic Circuits- II Lab 1.5
Total 19.5
th
4 Semester (Year 2)

Course Code Course Title Credits

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ECE-211 Fundamentals of Communications 3.0
ECE-212 Instrumentation and Measurements 3.0
ECE-213 Digital Electronics- II 3.0
ECE-214 Signals and Systems 3.0
ECE-215 Computer Architecture 3.0
ECE-216 Digital Electronics- II Lab 1.5
ECE-217 Fundamentals of Communications Lab 1.5
ECE-219 Viva Voce 2.0
Total 20

5th Semester (Year 3)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-301 Electromagnetic Fields and Waves 3.0
ECE-302 Numerical Analysis 3.0
ECE-303 Microprocessors Assembly Language 3.0
ECE-304 Data Communications 3.0
ECE-305 Electronic Materials 3.0
ECE-306 Data Communications Lab 1.5
ECE-307 Microprocessors Assembly Language Lab 1.5
Total 18

6th Semester (Year 3)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-311 Optical Fiber Communication 3.0
ECE-312 Digital Signal Processing 3.0
ECE-313 Industrial & Power Electronics 3.0
ECE-314 Antenna & Propagation 3.0
ECE-315 Computer Peripherals and Interfacing 3.0
ECE-316 Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab 1.5
ECE-317 Industrial & Power Electronics Lab 1.5
Total 18

7th Semester (Year 4)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-401 Microwave Engineering 3.0
ECE-402 Wireless Communication Systems 3.0
ECE-403 Control Systems 3.0
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ECE-404 Computer Networks 3.0
ECE-405 Industrial Management 3.0
ECE-406 Computer Networks Lab 1.5
ECE-407 Wireless Communication Systems Lab 1.5
ECE-439 Project (to be started)
Total 18

8th Semester (Year 4)

Course Code Course Title Credits

ECE-411 Information Theory and Coding 3.0
ECE-412 Biomedical Instruments 3.0
ECE-413 Network Security 3.0
ECE-42x Optional (Select one from optional courses) 3.0
ECE-439 Project Report and Project Defense 5.5
Total 17.5

Optional Courses
Code Title Credits
ECE-420 Neural networks 3.0
ECE-421 Digital Image Processing 3.0
ECE-422 Multimedia Communication 3.0
ECE-423 High Speed Telecommunication 3.0
ECE-424 Radar and Navigation 3.0
ECE-425 Radio and Television Engineering 3.0
ECE-426 IC and VLSI Technology 3.0

The total number of credits for the Bachelor’s program in Electronics and
Communication Engineering is 147, of which 2 credits are allocated for viva voce
examination.

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Course Contents
For Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
1st Semester (Year 1)

ECE-101: English
1. Reading and comprehension: Thematic structure, vocabulary, cohesive and rhetorical
devices, grammatical items, intention attitude of the writer, precis (i) comprehension (ii)
paragraph (iii) precis (iv) essay (v)amplification (vi) dialogue-writing.
2. Structures: The sentence:
Normal group – a) determiners b) adverb c) adjective d) non-adjective e) headword f)
prepositional phrase g) infinitive phrase h) participle phrase i) appositive.
Verbal group – a) the tenses b) the modal auxiliaries c) phrasal verbs
Verb Modifiers – a) adverbials of time b) adverbials of place c) adverbials of manner d)
adverbials of duration, completing sentences, correction of sentences, transformation of
sentences, framing of which questions.
3. Notions and Functions: i) emotion attitudes ii) moral attitudes iii) suasion iv)
intellectual attitudes v) socializing.
4. Letters: Application, Request, Enquiries, Quotations, Tender to newspaper, Formal and
informal, Advertisements etc.
5. Translations: English to Bengali and Bengali to English.
6. Technical Writing: Projects, reports and thesis.

Recommended books:
Advanced Learners functional English by Chowdhury & Hossain.
Oxford English for Computing by Boeckner, Keith and Brown.
High School English Grammar and Composition by Waren& Martin.

ECE-102: Physics-I (Electricity, Magnetism & Optics)

Electrostatics: Electronic charge, Conservation & quantization of charge, Coulomb’s
law, Electric field and field strength, Lines of force, Point charge and dipole in an electric
field, Electric flux & Gauss’s law, Applications of Gauss’s law, Electric potential and
field strength, Potential due to a point charge, Group of point charges, Potential due to
continuous charge distribution, Electric potential energy.
Capacitance and Dielectrics:Capacitance, calculation of capacitance, Parallel plate
capacitor with and without dielectric, Dielectric – an atomic view, Gauss’s law for
capacitor, The three electric vectors, Energy storage in an electric field.
Magnetism and Electromagnetism: The magnetic field, Definition of B, permeability
of a medium, Magnetic force on a current, Torque on a current loop, Circulating charges,
Ampere’s law, Lines of magnetic induction, Force between two parallel current carrying

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conductors, B for a solenoid, Biot-Savart law, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, Lenz’s law, Time varying magnetic field, Inductance and calculation of
inductance; Magnetic properties of matter – paramagnetism, diamagnetism,
ferromagnetism, Intensity of magnetization, Magnetization curve, Hysteresis, the three
magnetic vectors, Gauss’s law for magnetism, Magnetic induction and susceptibility,
Magnetic circuit, Ampere turns, Comparison between magnetic and electric circuit.
Optics:Optical interference, Young’s experiment, Coherence, Intensity in Young’s
experiment, Thin Film interference, Newton’s rings, Michelson’s interferometer,
Diffraction, Diffraction grating, Polarization, Double refraction, Optical activity.

Recommended Books:
Physics Part-II by David Halliday & Robert Resnick
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday & Robert Resnick

ECE-103: Math-I: Differential & Integral Calculus

Differential Calculus: Differential Calculus: Limits, Continuity and differentiability,
Successive differentiation of various types of functions; Leibnitz’s theorem; Rolle’s
theorem; Mean value theorem in finite and infinite forms; Lagrange’s form of
remainders; Cauchy’s form of remainder; Evaluation of indeterminate forms by L’
Hospitals rule; Partial differentiation; Euler’s theorem; Maximum and minimum values
of functions of single variable.
Integral Calculus: Definitions of integration, Integration by the method of substitutions;
Integration by parts; Standard integrals; Integration by the method of successive
reduction; Definite integrals and its properties and use in summing series; Beta function
and Gamma function;

Recommended Books:
Integral Calculus by Anton
Integral Calculus by Abdul Matin
Integral Calculus by KhoseMoahammad
Integral Calculus by B.C. Das and B.N. Mukherjee
Differential Calculus by B.C. Das and B.N. Mukherjee
Ordinary Differential Equation by B.D. Sharma

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ECE-104: Math-II: Linear Algebra
Vectors in Rn, Different Operations on vectors, Dot product and cross product, Norm and
distance in Rn, Cauchy Schwartz theorem, Minkowski’s inequality, Linear Equations and
system of linear equations, Solution of linear equations, Matrix, Different operations on
matrix, Transpose matrix, Square matrix, Inverse matrix, Symmetric matrix.
Vector space and subspace.
Linear dependence and independence on vector space, Basis and dimensions, Rank of
matrix, Coordinates.
Linear mapping, Different types of mapping, Kernel and image of linear mappings,
Singular and non-singular mappings, Isomorphism, Matrix Representation.
Eigen values and Eigen vectors.

Recommended Books:
Linear Algebra, Schaums Outline Series
Linear Algebra by Abdur Rahman

ECE-105: Fundamental of Computer and Programming

Introduction: Data and information, History of Computer, Computer Generations, Types
of computer; Mainframe, Mini and Microcomputer, Different types of Micro Computer,
Expanded Computer System, Number Systems: Binary, Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal
numbers, Classification of Hardware and Software, Input and Output Devices, Primary
and Secondary Storage Devices

Programming in C:
Introduction: A Simple C program, Preparing and Running a C Program.
C Fundamentals: Character set, Identifiers, Keywords, Data Types, Constants,
Variables, Declarations, Expressions, Statements, Symbolic Constants.
Operators and Expressions: Operators, Types of Operators, Library Functions, Data
input and output, preparing and running a complete C program.
Control Structures: Branching: if, if..… else, nested if, ladder, switch, break, Looping:
while, do ….. while, for, Nested control structures.
Functions: Definition and declaration, Accessing, Processing, Function Prototypes,
Passing arguments, Function Calling and Returning Values.

Arrays: Definition and declaration, Types of arrays, processing an Array, Passing arrays
to functions.
Pointers: Definition and declaration, Passing pointer to functions, Dynamic Memory
Allocations, Operations on Pointers, Arrays to Pointers.
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Structures and Unions: Definition, Processing, User Defined Data Types, Structure and
Pointers, Passing Structures to Functions, Unions.
Data Files: Definition and Declaration, Types of data files, Creating, Opening, Closing
and Processing files.

Recommended Books:
Computer Fundamentals by M. Lutfar Rahman and M. Alamgir Hossain
Programming in C (3rd Edition) (Developer’s Library) by Stephen Kochan
The C Programming Language (2nd Edition) by Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis Ritchie and
Dennis M. Ritchie
Absolute Beginner’s Guide to C (2nd Edition) by Gregg Perry
C Programming: A Modern Approach, Second Edition by K.N. King
C by Example (Cambridge Computer Science Texts) by Noel Kalicharan

ECE-106: Physics – I Lab

Based on ECE-102 Physics – I

ECE-107: Fundamental of Computer and Programming Lab

Based on ECE-105: Fundamental of Computer and Programming

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2nd Semester (Year 1)

ECE-111: Physics-II (Modern Physics, Heat & Thermodynamics)

Properties of Matter: Atoms, Molecules and forces between them, bonds- ionic,
covalent, metallic, Hydrogen bond and Van Der Walls force, Crystals and their types,
Defects and deformations.
Atomic Physics: Wave particle duality, Photoelectric effect, Quantum theory of light, X-
rays and X-ray diffraction, Compton effect, De Broglie waves, Phase and group
velocities, Particle diffraction, Uncertainty principle.
Atomic Structure: Rutherford model of atom, Electron orbits, Atomic spectra, Bohr
atom, Energy levels and spectra, Atomic Excitation.
Quantum Mechanics: Wave function & wave equation, Time dependent Schordinger’s
equation, Particle in a box, Reflection and transmission by a barrier.
Heat and thermodynamics: temperature and thermometry, Thermal expansions and
calorimetry, Heat transfer, First law and second law of thermodynamics with simple
applications, Properties of thermodynamic substances.

Recommended Books:
Concept of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser.
Fundamental of Classical Thermodynamics, Richard E. Sonntag, Claus Borgnakke and
Gordon V. Van Wylen., 6th ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
Engineering Thermodynamics by S.L. Somasundaram.
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Michael j. Moran and Howard N.
Shapiro, John Wiley & Sons.

ECE-112: Math-III: Differential Equations & Complex Variables

Ordinary Differential Equation: Degree and order of ordinary differential equations,
Formation of differential equations, Solution of first order differential equations by
various methods, Solution of first order but higher degree ordinary differential equations,
Solution of general linear equations of second and higher orders with constant
coefficients, Solution of homogeneous linear equation and its applications.

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Complex Variables: Complex number system; General function of a complex variable;
Limits and continuity of a function of complex variable and related theorems; Complex
differentiation and the Cauchy-Reimann Equations; Mapping by elementary functions;
Line integral of a complex function; Cauchy’sIntegral Theorem; Cauchy’s Integral
formula; Lioville’s theorem; Laurent’s theorem. Singular points; Residue; Cauchy’s
Residue theorem. Evaluation of residues, Contour integration; Conformal mapping.

Recommended Books:
Ordinary Differential Equation by B.D. Sharma
Complex Variables by Schaum’s Outlines Series
Function of a complex variable by Dewan Abdul Quddus
Function of a complex variable by KedarNath Ram Nath
Laplace Transform by Schaums Outline Series

ECE-113: Electrical Circuits – I

Electric current and Ohm’s law: Modern Electron theory of electricity, Effect of
temperature of resistance, EMF and potential difference, Ohm’s law, Electric power and
energy, Heating effect of current, Concept of alternating current (AC), AC waveforms,
Average and effective values of AC signal.
Laws of DC Circuit: Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws, Series and parallel networks;
Network analysis – methods of branch and loop currents, Mesh analysis, nodal analysis,
Bridge networks, Delta-Way conversation; Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems, Maximum
power transfer theorem, Millman’s theorem, Reciprocity theorem.
Capacitive and Inductive Circuits: Capacitance and dielectrics, Capacitors in series and
parallel, Energy storage, Transients in RC circuits, Initial values; Magnetic field, flux
density, Permeability, reluctance, Ohm’s law for magnetic field, Magnetizing force,
Inductance, Induced voltage, RL transients, Initial values, Inductors in series and parallel,
RLC circuits with DC source.

Recommended Books:
Introductory circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylestad, 10th edition.
Introduction to Electric circuits 5th edition by Richard C. Dorf.
Electric Circuits Fundamentals, 5th edition by Thomas L. Floyed.
Electrical Circuit Analysis, Hayt and Kemmerly, published by McGraw-Hill.
A text book of Electrical Technologies by B.L. Theraja.

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ECE-114: Electronic Circuits – I
Semiconductor Diode: Introduction to semiconductors, p-type and n-type
semiconductors; p-n junction diode characteristics, diode load line, Diode
applications; half and full wave rectifiers, clipping and clamping circuits, regulated
power supply using Zener diode, LED and photo diodes.
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Construction and operation, amplifying
action, Transistor circuit configurations (CE, CB, CC) BJT biasing, relations
between alpha and beta, leakage current in a transistor, Thermal runway of a
transistor, I-V characteristics, DC load line and Q point, Transistor biasing factor,
effect on bias variations, stability factor for CB and CE configuration, different
methods of transistors biasing, AC load line.
Field Effect Transistors (FET): JFET construction, operation and characteristics,
biasing of FET, MOSFET construction, operation and characteristics, depletion
and enhancement type MOSFETs, biasing and application of depletion and
enhancement MOSFETs.
BJT small signal amplifier circuit analysis: BJT Amplifiers CE, CB, CC
configurations, DC analysis of transistors circuits, Collector feedback
configuration, h-parameter model of transistor. Relationship between CC, CB, CE
parameters, expressions for voltage gain, current gain, input resistance and output
resistance. Effects of coupling and bypass capacitor. Hybrid Pi equivalent circuit,
gain bandwidth product, Frequency response, Frequency compensation, Low
frequency compensation, High frequency compensation, Cascade amplifier.
FET small signal amplifier analysis: Amplifier with source resistance, Small
signal model, AC small signal operation, Loading effect, Source follower
(Common drain) circuit, Common gate circuit, Design of FET amplifier circuits
(CS, CD and CG).

Recommended Books:
Electronic Devices by Floyd – 5th edition.
Micro-electronics by Jacob Millman and Arvin Grabel.
Electronics Devices and Circuits Theory by Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky.
OpAmp Applications handbook, (Analogue devices Inc. edited by Walt Jang).
Schaum’s Outline of Electronic Devices and Circuits, 2nd edition by, Jim Cathey.

20
ECE-115: Digital Electronics -I
Number Systems and Codes: Decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number system
and conversion, BCD, Alphanumeric, Grey, Excess-3, ASCII codes.
Digital Logic: Boolean algebra, De Morgan’s theorem, Logic gates and their truth tables.
Canonical form of logic expressions.
Combinational Logic Circuits: Sum of Products form (SOP); Product of Sum form
(POS), Max term, Min term, Algebraic simplification, designing combinational logic
circuits, simplification using K-map, K-map and don’t care term.
Flip-Flops and Related Devices: Sequential circuits, NAND gate latch, NOR gate latch,
Clock signal and clocked flip-flops, asynchronous inputs of flip-flops, Flip-flip timing
considerations, Race-around condition, Master-slave flip-flop, flip-flop applications,
Design of synchronous and asynchronous counters, Ring counter, Johnson counter,
Different types of resistors, Application of counter.
Arithmetic Circuit: Half adder, Parallel binary adder, Parallel binary adder with resistor,
parallel adder ICs, 2’s complement system and circuit, BCD adder, Subtract circuit,
Multiplier circuit.
Integrated Circuit Logic Families: TTL logic family, Standard TTL and other TTL
series characteristics, TTL open collector output, Tristate TTL, ECL family and its
characteristics, MOS, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS families.

Recommended Books:
Principles of Digital Electronics by T.J. Tocci.
Modern Digital Electronics by R.P. Jain.
Digital electronics by Moris Mano.
Digital Systems by M. Lutfar Rahman

ECE-116: Electrical Circuits – I Lab

Base on course ECE-113

ECE-117: Electronics – I Lab

Base on course ECE-114 and ECE-115

21
3rd Semester (Year 2)

ECE-201: Statistics & Probability

Statistics: Frequency distribution of data: Population and sample, Collection and
representation of statistical data. Tabulation of data, Class intervals, Frequency
distribution, discrete, continuous and cumulative distributions, Histograms and frequency
polygons. Graphical representation of data.
Statistical Measures: Measures of central tendency – arithmetic mean, median, mode,
geometric mean, weighted average, harmonic mean, Measures of dispersion – range
standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, moments, skewness, kurtosis,
Correlation theory: Linear correlation, Measures of correlation and its significance.
Regression and curve fitting: Linear and non-linear regression, Methods of least squares.
Curve fitting.
Probability: Definition of probability and related concepts. Laws of probability,
Conditional probability and Baye’s theorem, Discrete and continuous random variables,
Probability mass functions, Probability density function, Joint distribution, Marginal and
conditional distribution, Independence of random variables, Mathematical expectations.
Probability distributions: Bionomical, Poisson and Normal distributions and their
properties.
Covariance correlation and regression: simple correlation, measures of correlation and
its significance, regression and curve fitting, Linear and non-linear regression. Methods
of Least squares and curve fitting, Rank correlation.
Fundamentals of time series: Introduction of time series.

Recommended Books:
An Introduction to Statistics by S.P Gupta and M.P Gupta
Theory and Problem of Statistics by Schaum’s Outlines Series
Basic Statistics by Abdul Jalil and RezinaFerdouse
Understanding Statistics by Graham Upton and Ian Cook
An Introduction to Statistics and Probability by Dr. Nurul Islam

ECE-202: Math – IV: Engineering Mathematics

Fourier Analysis: Real and complex form of Fourier series; Finite transform; Fourier
Integral; Fourier transforms and their uses in solving boundary value problems of wave
equations.
Laplace Transforms: Definition; Laplace transforms of some elementary functions;
Sufficient conditions for existence of Laplace transforms; Inverse Laplace transforms;
Laplace transforms of derivatives. The unit step function. Periodic function. Some special
theorems on Laplace transforms; Solutions of differential equation by Laplace
transforms.
22
Vector Algebra and Vector Calculus: Additions, Subtractions, dot and cross product,
triple product and their geometrical interpretation and application, differentiation
integration of vectors, line surface and volume integrals, gradient, divergence, curl and
their physical significance, divergence theorem and Gauss’s theorem and their
applications.

Recommended Books:
Mathematical Methods by Abdur Rahman
Fourier Transform by Schaums Outline
Laplace Transform by Schaums Outline
Physical Mathematics by B.D. Gupta

ECE-203: Electrical Circuits – II

AC Fundamentals: Basic principles of AC generators, Equations of alternating voltage
and current, Attributes of a sinusoidal signal, Phase relations, Average value, RMS value,
Form factor, Vector diagrams, Addition of two AC equations; Response of basis R, L and
C elements to sinusoidal voltage and current, Frequency response of basic elements,
Average power and power factor, complex numbers, Rectangular form, Polar form,
conversion between forms, Phasors.
Series and Parallel AC circuits: Impedance and phasor diagrams, AC through series RL
circuits, Frequency response of series RL circuits, AC through series RC circuits,
Admittance and susceptance, AC power, Power factor, power triangle, Series R-L-C
circuits and resonance; Parallel AC circuit with R, L, and C, Resonance in parallel RLC
circuit, quality factor.
AC Network Analysis in Frequency domain: Mesh circuit method, Node voltage
method, Equivalent Y and ∆ connections.
Polyphase Circuits: Three phase generator, Y connected generator with Y connected
load, Y-∆ systems, ∆ connected generator, Systems and unbalanced loads.
Filters and Two Port Networks: One port and two port networks, High pass, low pass,
band pass networks and filters, Hay power frequencies.
Complex Frequency: Network analysis in the S domain, Network response in the S
plane, Natural response forced response.
Fourier Method: Trigonometric and exponential Fourier series, Waveform symmetry,
lane spectrum, Effective values and power, Application in circuit analysis.

23
The Laplace Transform: Selected Laplace transforms, Initial value and final value
theorems, Partial fraction expansions etc.

Recommended Books:
Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert Boylested.
A textbook of Electrical Technology by B.L. Theraja.
Schaums Outline Series on Theory and Problem of Electric Circuits by Joseph A.
Edminister

ECE-204: Electronic Circuit – II

Feedback Amplifier: Principles of feedback amplifier, Positive and negative feedback,
Advantages of negative feedback – gain stability, Decreased distortion, increased
bandwidth, Forms of negative feedback, Practical negative feedback circuits.
Power Amplifiers: Classification of large signal amplifiers – class A, AB, B and C.
Harmonic distortion, efficiency and figure of merit of class A, AB, B; transformer –
coupled amplifiers, Push pull amplifiers, Complementary symmetry amplifiers, Tuned
amplifiers – Single tuned circuits using BJTs and FETs, Impedance transformations and
transformer coupling, Narrow band tuned amplifiers, Cascade tuned amplifiers,
Synchronous and stagger tuning, Neutralization.
Oscillators: Sinusoidal oscillators, the Barkhausen criterion, Practical considerations,
Analysis and design of RC phase shift oscillators, Hartley and Colpitts oscillators.
Amplitude stabilization, Crystal oscillators, Frequency stability, Stability criterion.
Operational Amplifiers: Difference amplifier; CMMR; Ideal operational amplifier;
Inverting amplifier; Non-inverting amplifier, General-purpose IC operational amplifier;
Integrator; Differentiator, adder, Voltage follower, Reference voltage source, V to I and I
to V converter, Current amplifiers, Charge amplifiers, Differential amplifier,
Instrumentation amplifier, Log and antilog amplifiers, function generators, precision
rectifiers, Comparators, Window comparators, Schmitt trigger, Miller sweep, Bootstrap
sweep, Analogue multiplier, Analogue divider, Square rooters.

Recommended Books:

Electronics Devices and Circuits Theory by Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky.

Op-Amp and Linear Integrated Circuits by R.L. Gayakawad.

24
Op-Amp and Linear Integrated Circuits by R.F. Caoughlin.
Schaum Outline of Electronic Devices and circuits, Second edition by Jim Cathey.
Pulse and Digital Electronics by G.K. Mithal
Pulse and Digital Switching Waveform by Millman and Taub

ECE-205: Object Oriented Programming

Principles of object oriented programming, beginning with C++, Tokens, Expressions
and Control Structure, Function in C++, Classes and objects, Constructors and
Destructors, Operator overloading and type conversion, Inheritance, Extending Classes,
Pointers, virtual functions and Polymorphism, managing console I/O operations, Working
with files.

Recommended Books:
Object-Oriented Programming with C++ by E. Balagurusamy
Teach Yourself C++ by Herbert Schildt
Turbo C++ The Completed Reference by Herbert Schildt
Turbo C++ by Robert Lafore.

ECE-206: Electrical Circuits – II Lab

Based on course ECE-203 Electrical Circuits – II.

ECE-207: Object Oriented Programming Lab

Based on course ECE-205 Object Oriented Programming

ECE-208: Electronic Circuits – II Lab

Based on course ECE-204 Electronic Circuits – II

25
4th Semester (Year 2)

ECE-211: Fundamentals of Communication

Noise: Shot noise, White noise, Gain in decibels, Signal to noise ratio.
Radio Communication System: Amplitude modulation (AM), AM Broadcast technical
standards, Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC), Single sideband suppressed
carrier (SSB), Vestigial sideband (VSB), Phrase modulation (PM) and frequency
modulation (FM), Envelop detector, Product modulator, AM transmitter,
Superheterodyne receiver, FM transmitter and receivers.
Pulse and Digital Signaling: Pulse code modulation (PCM), Delta modulation (DM),
Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM), Differential PCM (DPCM), Adaptive DPCM
(ADPCM), Time division multiplexing (TDM), Frequency division multiplexing (FDM).
Telephony: Background and concept, the simple telephone connection, Conventional
analog switching in telephone networks, Analog telephone versus digital telephone
system, Basic switching function, Introductory switching concepts, Numbering concept
for telephony, Digital switching- space division and time division.
Mobile Telephony: Mobile radio systems, how a cellular telephone call is made, the
cellular system design fundamentals – Frequency refuse, channel assignment strategies,
Handoff strategies, Interference and system capacity, Tracking and grade of service, Cell
splitting, Multipath propagation and falling, Doppler shift, Cellular system standards –
AMPS, GSM, CDMA (IS- 95)

Recommended Books:
Communication System by Simon Haykin.
Modern Communication Systems Principle and Applications by Loen W. Couch.
Telecommunication System Engineering by R.L. Freeman.
Cellular Mobile Systems Engineering, Saleh Faruque.
Wireless Communication Principles and Practice by T.S. Rappaport.
Fundamentals of Communication by M. Lutfur Rahman (Editor).

26
ECE-212: Electrical Instrumentation & Measurement
Introduction: Signification and methods of measurements, Direct and indirect methods
and standard types of instruments.
Analog Voltmeters and Ammeters: Different types of analog voltmeter, Accuracy and
error of analog voltmeters, Different types of ammeters, Accuracy and error of analog
ammeters.
Digital Voltmeters: Staircase ramp type, successive approximation type, Integrating
type, Delta pulse modulation type.
Digital Multimeters: DC voltage attenuator, Current to voltage converter, AC/DC
converter, Resistance to voltage converter HF/LF converter, Automation in Multimeters,
automatic polarity, indication and auto ranging digital instrumentation.
Oscilloscope and Signal Generator: Single beam and dual beam types, Sampling and
storage types, sweep frequency generations, Function generators.
Analyzers: Wave analyzer, Harmonic generators, Frequency synthesizer and spectrum
analyzers, analog and digital frequency meters, Recorders and displays.
Data Acquisition: Data loggers, Data acquisition and control, PC-based instrumentation.

Recommended Books:
Instrumentation, Measurements and Feedback by B.E. Jones.
Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques by W.D. Cooper
Instrumentation Technology by B.B. Jones and Butterworth.
Industrial Instrumentation Fundamentals by A.E. Fribance.

27
ECE-213: Digital Electronics – II
Decoding and Encoding: Decoders, BCD to 7 segment decoder, BCD to decimal
decoder, Encoders, Switch encoder.
Multiplexing and Demultiplexing: Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, MUX and DEMUX
applications, Comparator, Parity generator and checker.
Converters: Digital to analog converter (DAC), Weighted register DAC, dfdf ladder,
DAC specification, Analog to digital converter (ADC), Digital dfdf ADC, Examples of
ADC and DAC ICs, Principle of digital instruments, Digital multimeters, Phasemeters,
Frequency meters.
Semiconductor Memories: Memory organization and operation, Expansion of work size
and work capacity, Classification and characterization of memory, Organization of RAM
and ROM, Advancements of semiconductor memories, PLA, PLD, PAL.

Recommended Books:
Principles of Digital Electronics by T.J. Tocci.
Modern Digital Electronics by R.P. Jain.
Digital Electronics by Morris Mano.
Digital Systems by M. Lutfar Rahman.

ECE-214: Signal and Systems

Signals: Continuous-time and discrete-time signals, Even and odd signals, Periodic and
non-periodic signals, Deterministic and random signals, Energy and power signal, Unit
impulse and unit impulse functions; Some elementary D-T signals; Unit sample
sequence, Step signal, Ramp & Exponential signal, simple manipulation of D-T signals.
Sampling and aliasing.
Systems: Digital system, D-T system, Block diagram representation of D-T systems,
Different types of systems; Relax & non-relax system, Static and Dynamic system, Time
in variant and Time variant system, Linear and non-linear system, Casual and non-Casual
system, Stable and un-stable system, Time domain representations for Linear Time
Invariant Systems. Convolution Theorem, Convolution sum; Correlation – Auto
correlation and cross correlation, properties.
Fourier Representations of Signals: Discrete time periodic signals – the discrete time
Fourier series Continuous time periodic signals – the Fourier series Discrete time non-
periodic signals – the discrete time Fourier transform Continuous time non-periodic
signals – the Fourier transform Properties of Fourier representations.

Laplace Transform: Region of convergence, Inverse Laplace transform, Analysis of

LTI systems using Laplace transform.

Recommended Books:
28
Communication Systems by Simon Haykin.
Digital Signal Processing by Proakis and Manolakis.
Signals and systems, A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and I.T. Young, Prentice Hall, 1983.
Signals and Systems – Continuous and discrete, R.F. Ziemer, W.H. Tranter and D.R.
Fannin, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 1998.
Introduction to Signals and Systems, Douglas K. Lindner, Mc-Graw Hill International
Edition:c1999.
Signals and Systems, Simon Haykin, Barry van Veen, John Wiley and Sons (Asia)
Private Limited, c1995.
Principles of Communication: Systems, Modulation and Noise 5th Edition by R.E.
Ziemer.

ECE-215: Computer Architecture

Overview of Computer Organization and Architecture: Organization and Structure,
Structure and Functions, Simple machine code sequence to illustrate action, system
buses, interconnection structures (Bus structure and bus types). Interrupts and instruction
cycle.
Storage and Input/output Systems: Overview of memory system, memory chip
organization and error correction, cache memory, memory storage devices. Overview of I
O, programmed and interrupt-driven I/Os, direct memory access (DMA).
Computer Arithmetic: Integer representation and arithmetic, floating-point
representation (IEEE), floating point arithmetic. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Bit
Sliced ALU.
Instruction Set and Register: Computer function (fetch and executive cycles),
interrupts, Machine instruction characteristics, types of operands and operations,
instruction functions, addressing modes, instruction formats, instruction pipelining.

29
Control Unit: Micro-operations, hardwired control unit, control unit operation, micro –
instruction sequencing and execution, micro – programmed control unit.
High performance computer systems: Techniques to achieve high performance, RISC,
CISC, introduction to superscalar processor, parallel processor, array processor.

Recommended Books:
Computer Organization and Architecture. 6th edition by William Stallings.
Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach by John Hennessey.
Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance (7th Edition) by
William Stallings (Hardcover-Jul 11, 2005)
The Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture by Linda Null and Julia
Lobur(Hardcover-Feb15, 2006)
Computer Organization by Carl Hamachar, ZvonkoVranesic and SafwatZaky(Hardcover-
Aug02, 2001)
Schaum’s Outline of Computer Architecture by Nick Carter (Paperback – Dec 26,2001).

ECE-216: Digital Electronics – II Lab

Based on course ECE-213 Digital Electronics – II

ECE-217: Fundamentals of Communications Lab

Based on course ECE-211 Fundamentals of Communications.

ECE-219: Viva-Voce
Viva-voce is based on all the course covered in the 4th semester.

30
 5th Semester Year 3
ECE-301: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
Static electric field: Postulates of electrostatics, Coulomb’s law for discrete and
continuously distributed charges, Gauss’s law and its applications, electric potential due to
charge distribution, conductors and dielectrics in static electric field , flux density –
boundary conditions; capacitance-elcetrostatic energy & forces, energy in terms of field
equations, apacitance calculations of different geometries; boundary value problems –
Poisson’s & Laplace’s equations in different co-ordinate systems, steady electric current,
Ohm’s law, continuously equation, Joules law, resistance calculation.
Static magnetic field: Postulates of magnetostatics, Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law &
applications, vector magnetic potential, magnetic dipole, magnetization, magnetic field
industry & relative permeability, boundary conditions for magnetic fields, magnetic enegy.
magnetic forces, torque & inductance for differential geometries.
Time varying fields & Maxwell’s equations: Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction,
Maxwell’s equations- differential & integral form,boundary conditions, potential functions,
time harmonic fields & Poymting theorem.
Plame electromagnetic waves: Propagation & reflection of electromagnetic waves in
unvounded media, plane waves in loss-less media-Doppler effect, tranceverse
electromagnetics waves,polarization of plane waves, plane waves in lossy media, loss-less
dielectrics, good conductors, group velocity,instaneous & average power densities, normal
& oblique incidence of palnes waves at plane boundaries for different polarizations.
Recommended Books:
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with Engineering Applications,2005,S.M.Wemworth,
Fields&waves in Communications Electtronics, Simon Ramo, J.R.Whimnery&
T.VanDuzer,Wiley.
Elements of Electromagnetics, 3rd ed,2001, M.N.O.sadiku,Oxford University press.
Electricity & magnetism,K.K. Tewari.S.Chand & company Ltd.
Electromagnetics,J.A. Edminister.TATA McGraw Hill Edition.
Field& electromagnetics, David K.Cheng,Addison Wesley Publishing Co.1992,2nd Edition.

31
ECE-302: Numerical Analysis
Solutions of equation in one variable(fixed-point iteration Method,Newton Rapson method
,Error analysis),Interpolation polunomial for equal & unqual interval, solving systems of
linear equations (Direct Method Gaussian elimination with backward subdtitution,using
matrix operation, Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation(Euler Method Range
Kutta Method, Finite Difference Method).Numerical Differentiator &
Integration(Richardson’s extrapolation Method, Adaptive quadrature, Trapezoidal &
simpson’s Rule ), Illustrative programming projects & use of computer to implement the
projects.
Recommended books:
Numerical Analysis : Richard L burden, J.Douglas Faires ,7th edition
Numerical Analysis,Vipin & vasistha.
Numerical Analysis: J.H. Mathews,Numerical methods for computer science
Engineering & mathematics, Prentice-Hall, 1987

ECE-303: Microprocessors & Assembly Language

Microprocessors: Evalution of microprocessors, register & accumulator based
microprocessor, programmable logic device, memory organization, I/O techniques, 8086
microprocessor: internal architecture , addressing modes, pin configuration & function,
memory bank, interrupt interface, max/min mode interface, read/write cycle.
Advanced Microprocessors: overview, internal architecture, memory management of
80186, 80286, 80386 & 80486 microprocessor. Overview of Pentium processor, co-
processor, alpha processor. Pipeline processor.
Assembly Language: Types of assembler, assembly programming basics, instruction
formats, assembly instruction types: Data transfer instruction, arithmetic & logic instruction,
shift & rotate instruction, transfer control & conditional processing,string processing,
input/output, interrupts, procedures & macro.
Recommended books:
Microprocesor & microprocessor based system design by M. Rafiquzzaman.
Pre 8088 & 8086 microprocessors by W.A. Triebel.
Introduction to Microprocessors by John Crisp.

32
ECE-304: Data Communications
Introduction: A data communication Model, Data communication tasks, Data
communication networks standards, Introduction to OSI & TCP IP models.
Data Transmission: Spectrum & Bandwidth, Transmission impairments, Channel
capacity& data rate, transmission media-coaxial cable, twisted pair, fiber optics, wireless
transmission, electromagnetic spectrum, microwaves, radio waves, infrared & satellite
communication.
Data Encoding: Digital data& digital signaling, NRZL, NRZI, Bipolar AMI, Manchester &
differential Manchester encoding. Digital data& analog
signaling,ASK,FSK,PSK,OPSK,QAM and their performance.Analog data and digital
signaling-PCM,DM.
Data Transmission techniques: Asynchronous and synchronous data transmission
technique,EIA 232 & V.24 interface standard.
Data Link Control: Flow control, Error Detection-Parity and CRC, Error correction and
Hamming code, Error control( Stop nad wait, Go back NARQ,Selective Reject ARQ),
High-level data link control(HDLC).
Multiplexing: Frequency division multiplexing, Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing,
Statistical Time- division Multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing.
Data Communication Networking: Circuit switching, Space division and TDM switching,
Packet switching, virtual circuit and datagram.
Recommended Books:
Data and computer communications,W.Stallings,Macmillan,6th Edition
Computer Networks, A.S. Tanennaum, Prentice Hall, 1996.
Data Communications and Networking, 4/e,McGraw-Hil, Behrouz A. Forouzan

33
ECE-305: Electronic Materials
Structural properties: Crystalline, amorphous, polymer, binding force, elastic properties,
dislocations, defects etc. Thermal and electrical properties: specific beat,thermal expansion,
thermal conductivity.
Dielectric properties of solids: Basic relationship and parameters, model of dielectric
polarization,ferroelectricity and piezo-electricity.
Optical properties of solids: Classical theory, free carrier effects, lattice
absorption,electrical absorption.
Magnetic properties of solids: Atomic magnetic moments, dia and paramagnetism,
ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, magnetic resonance.
Superconductivity: Theory of superconductivity, superconductors, some applications.
Nano-Technology: Carbon as a nano material, structure of carbon, carbon nanotube,
quantum dots and nanowires.

Recommended Books:
Electric Processes in Materials by Azaroff and Brophy.
Semiconductor and Electronic Devices by Streetman.
Handbook of Nano-structured Materials and Nano technology b H S Nawla.

ECE-306: data Communication Lab

Based on course ECE-304 Data Communications.
ECE-307: Microprocessors & Assembly Language Lab.
Based on course ECE-303 Microprocessor and Assembly Language.

34
ECE-312: Digital Signal Procesing
Introduction to digital signal processing: Sampling of continuous-time and discrete-time
signals, The z-transform,Linear time- invariant model of discrete- time systems, Frequency
domain representation of discrete-time systems and signals.
Structure of discrete time systems: Signal flow graph representation of digital networks,
Matrix representation of digital networks, Basic network structures for FIR & IIR systems.
Digital filter design tehniques: Design of FIR & IIR filters from analog filters using
windows, Computer aided design techniques for filters, Discrete Fourier series and discrete
fourier transforms, Convolution and correlation. Algorithms for the computation of the DFT
and FFT, Power spectrum.Adaptive Filter: characteristic, LMS, NLMS algorithms.
Digital signal processor architecture: Evolution of DSP architecture.Different
architecture, Important architecture element of a DSP. Application of DSP in speech and
image processing, RADAR, Pattern recognition etc.

Recommended Books:
Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and applications by John G. Proakis,
Dimitris Manolakis.
Digital Signal Processing: An Overview of Basic Principles, J. Cartinhour.
Signal processing algorithms in MATLAB by Vinay K. Ingle.
Schaum’s Outline of Digital Signal Processing (Schaum’s) by Monson H. Hayes.

ECE-313: Industrial& Power Electronics

Transducers: Active and passive transducers, Position and displacement transducers-
Potentiometer,LVDT; Pressure transducer; Temperature transducer; Optical transducer;
Ultrasonic transducer; Flow transducer; Strain page transducer; Speed transducer.
Thyristors: Schottky rectifier: Zener diode; Diode and transistor packages;SRC nad
TRIAC; GTO; IGBT, Applications.
Triggering devices: UJT,UJT relaxation oscillator, phase control circuit.Programmable
UJT(PUT); DIAC; Silicon Bilateral Switch(SBS). Gymmetrical AC trigger devices.

Power Electronic Converters: Fixed output voltage and phase controlled AC DC

converters, Single phase, Three phase, DC DC converters- Chopper regulator, Step-up,
Step-down, Switch mode regulators, Thyristor chopper circuits; A simplified single phase
cycloconverter; DC AC inverter-Push-pull inverter, PWM, Transformer-less
inverters,MPPT, Grid- interactive inverters.
Motor Devices: DC and AC motor devices, speed and position control of DC motor,
Microprocessor based motor drive.

Recommended Books:
A course in Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques by A K
Sohani.
Power Electronics Converters Applications and Design by N Mohan,IM Underland and WR
Robbins.

35
Electronics in Industry by Chute & Chute.
Power Electronics, Circuits, Devices and Applications by M H Rashid.
Industrial Electronics by James T.Humphries and Leslie P. Sheets.
Principle of Power Electronics by J G Kassakian, M F Schlecht and J C Verghese.

ECE-314: Antenna & Propagation

Deflections, Types of antennas: wire antennas, aperture antennas, array antennas, reflector
antennas & lens antennas. Radiation mechanism of antenna, radiation pattern, isotropic,
directional and omnidirectional pattern,principle pattern, radiation pattern lobes, field
regions, radiation and tertian.
Parameters: Fundamental parameters of antenna, radiation power density, radiation
intensity, gain, directive gain, power gain, directivity.antenna efficiency, effective aperture,
physical aperture, transmission between two antenna, radar equation, front to back ration,
antenna band width, antenna beam width. Internal-equation methods, current distribution:
self and mutual impedences.
Antenna arrays,design and sysnthesis. Reflector tupe antenna. Babiner’s principles and
complementary antennas. Application of reaction concept and variational principles in
antenns and propagation. Frequency independent antennas, Scattering and diffraction.
Selected topics in microwaves antennas.Antenna measurements. Applications of
broadcasting, microwave links, satellite communications and radio astronomy.

Recommended Books:
Antenna and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems by Saunders, Simon R.
Aleja.
Radio Antennas and propagation: Radio Engineering fundamentals by William Gosling.
Microwave Engineering, by David M. Pozer.
Channels, Propagation and Antennas for Mobile Communications by Rodney Vaughan
Andersen, Jorgen Bach.
Geometric Theory of Diffraction, by Hansen Robert C.

ECE-315: Computer Peripherals and Interfacing

Interfacing: Design and operation of interface between computer and the outside world;
sensors, transducers and signal conditioning circuits, interfacing memory, system bus, IEEE
488 bus, RS-232. Study and applications of peripheral chips: Parallel ports (8255), USART
(8251). Interrupt controller (8259), DMA controller (8257).
Peripherals: Keyboards, printers (dot-matrix, laser, ink-jet), VDUs, computer graphics
hardware, plotters, disc-drivers, CD-ROM, A/D converters, stepper motors.

Recommended Books:
Microprocessors and Interfacing, Douglas V. Hall, McGraw-Hill.
Microprocessors Architecture Programming and Software, by Gaonkar.
Computer Peripherals by Barry Wilkinson.

ECE-316: Computer Peripherals and Interfacing Lab

Based on course ECE-315 Computer Peripherals and Interfacing.

36
ECE-317: Industrial & Power Electronics Lab
Based on course ECE-313 Industrial and Power Electronics.

7th Semester Year 4

ECE-401: Microwave Engineering
Introduction: VHF. UHF and microwave frequency ranges.
Microwave transmission lines: Transmission line equation and solution, Reflection and
transmission coefficient, Standing wave and standing wave ratio, Smith chart, impedence
transformation and matching.
Waveguides and components: Rectangular waveguide, Circular waveguide, waveguide
components, cavities and resonators, Directional couplers, Circulators and isolators.
Microstrip Lines: Wave propagation and micro strip lines, dielectric constants,
characteristic impedence, attenuation factors.
Microwave Devices: Microwave transistor, Varactor diode, IMPATT diode, Gunn diode,
Schottky barrier diode, Backward diode, Pont contact diode, Klystron, Reflex klystron,
TWT and magnetron.
Recommended Books:
Electronic Communication Systems by Kennedy, McGraw-Hill.
Fields and Waves in Communication Technology, S. Ramo, J.R. Whinnery, Th. Van Duzer,
Jojn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fundamentals for Microwaves Engineers, R.E. Collin, IEEE (John Wiley & Sons)
Microwaves Transistors, Amplifiers, Analysis and Design by Guillermo Gonzalez, Prentice
Hall.
Microwave Engineering by David M Pozar by John Wiley.
Microwave Devices and Circuits by Leo, Prentice Hall.
Fundamentals for Microwave Engineering by R E Collins, McGraw-Hall.

ECE-402: Wireless Communication Systems

Digital Modulations Techniques: Modern communication systems, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK,
OQPSK, MSK, GMSK, MFSK, Speed spectrum modulation techniques, DS-SS, FH-SS,
Multipath channels, intelligent cells, micro and nano cells.
Satellite Communication: Introduction, Orbits, Station Peeping, Satellite altitude,
Transmision path, Path loss, Noise consideration, Satellite system, Saturation flux density,
Effective isotropic radiated power, Multiple access methods, Earth station antenna, Satellite
link, design, frequency plan.

Satelite communication for Internet, VSAT Network, GNSS-GPS and Galileo Systems,
GIS, Multiple Access Techniques.
Mobile Communication: Mobile-Multimedia traffic, Flow control, Band width allocation,
Channels, 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation wireless networks. Cellular mobile system engineering.
Frre-space propagation: Propagation model. Multipath propagation. Propagation
enviroment, Marine enviroment.

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 Microcells: Two Ray Model, Freznel Zone, RF coverage, Indoor coverage, Outdoor
coverage, computer aided Techniques, Single coverage plot, compositive coverage plot, RF
survey, Cellular traffic, Trunking efficiencies.
Recommended Books:
Introduction to Wireless Systems, Shankar P. M, Wiley, 2002
Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Tse D. and Viswanath P Cambridge,2005
Wireless Communications and Networking, Stalling w., Prentice Hall 1st Edition,2001
Satelite Communication Systems: Systems, Techniques, and Technology, Mral G. and
Bousquet M., Wiley 4th Edition,2002, ISBN 0-471-49654-5.
Mobile Satelite Communication Networks, Sheriff R. E. and Fun Hun Y., Wiley,2001.
ECE-403: Control Systems
Introduction: Introduction to, Control, Systems, Defination and Mathematiical bacground.
System Equaition: State concept, Transfer function and block diagram, Mechanical
translation systems, Mechanical rotational systems.
Solution of Differential Equation: Standard inputs to control systems, Steady- state
response and transient response.
Laplace Transform: Defination, Laplace transform theorem, Application of Laplace
transform to Differential equaitions, Inverse, Transformation, Heaviside, Partial- fraction
expansion theorems.
System Representation: Block diagrams, Determination of the overall transfer function,
Standard block din grain terminology, Simulation diagrams, Signal flow graphs.
Control System Characteristics: Routh- Hurwitz stability criterion, Feedback system
types, Analysis of system types, Steady – state error coeffifients, Nonunity- feedback
system.

Root Locus: Plooting roots of a characteristics equation, Quantitative analysis of the root
locus, Open-loop function, Poles of the control ratio, Application of the magnitude and
angle condition.
Frequency Response: Corelation of the sinusoidal and time responses, Frequency response
curves, Bode plots (Logarithmic plots). General frequency transfer function relationships,
Nyquist’s stability criterion. Definitions of phase margins and gain margins and their
relation of stability.
Recommended books
Linear control systems and design by John J.D. Azzo
Control engineering by C.C. Bissel
Modern control systems by RR Dorf
ECE-404: Computer Networks and Internet
Introduction: Introduction to computer networks, protocols and Archiitecture- TCP/ IP
protocol suit , The OSI Reference Model.
Local Area Networks and The Medium Access Sublayer: LAN technology,
Archiitecture. Topology, Wireless Lan, Ethernet and Fast- Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet

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Multiple access – CSMA/CD,CSMA/CA. Token Ring and FDDI, Bridges operation ,
Switches, Wireless LAN.
Frame relay and Cell Relay: Frame Relay services and protocol, ATM overview,
ATMLAN.
Internetworking: Principles of internetworking, connectionless & connection oriented
internetworking. The internet protocol, Routing protocol, IPv6, ICMPv6.
The Transport Layer: The transport service, transport primitives, socket primitives, TCP
& UDP.
Distributed Applications: Simple Network management Protocol –SNMPv2, Electronic
mail – SMTP and MINE, Hypertext Transport protocol (HTTP),Video on demand.
Recommended books:
Data and Computer Communications – w. Stallings, Marmillan, 6th Edition
Computer Networks –A.S. Tanenbaum, Prentice hall, 1996.Data Communications and
Networking, 4/e,McGraw-Hill, Behrouz A, Fourrouzn.

ECE-405: Industrial Management

Introduction, evolution, management functionb, organization.
Organization: Theory and structure, coordination, span of control, authority delagation,
groups, committee, and task force. Manpower planning.
Personal management: Scope, importance, need hierarchy, motivation, job redesign,
leadership, participative management, training, performance appraisal, wages, and
incentives, informal groups, organization change and conflict.
Cost and Financial Management: Elements of cost of products, depreciation, Break-even
analysis, Benefit cost analysis.
Management accounting: Cost planning and control, budget and budgetary control,
development planning process.
Marketting Management: Concepts, strategy, sales promotion, patent laws.
Technology Management: Mangement of innovation and changes.Technology lifecycle.
ECE-406: Computer Networks Lab
Based on course ECE-404 Computer Networks.
ECE-407:Wirelss Communocation Lab
Based on course ECE-402 Wireless Communication Systems.

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 8th Semester (Year 4)
ECE-411: Information Theory and Coding
Block and Convolution Codes for High Spectral Efficiency: Trellis Coded Modulation
(TCM), Coding with Diversity. Turbo Codes. And Iterative Decoding: MAP Algorithms.
ARQ schemes.General concepts of coding theory.Noise and error correcting codes. Linear
codes including the Hamming, Golary, the Reed-muller codes, Finite and Number Fields.
Algebric Function fields, algebric curves and their applications, Cyclic codes (including the
BCH, Reed-solomon, Justesen, Goppa and Quadratic Residue codes).Decording techniques
for some of these codes, Application to information processing. Information
measures:entropy, relative entropy, and mutual information, Asymptotic equipartition
theory, Entropy rates, source coding and data compression, unannei capacity, Differential
entropy and Guassian channel, Rate-distortion theory.
Recommended books:
Information and Coding Theory (Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series) by Greth A.
Jones, J. Mary Jones.
Theory of Information & Coding by Robert McEliece.
Fundamentals of Information Theory and Coding Design (Discrete Mathematics and it’s
Applications) by Roberto Togneri, Christopher J. S Desilva.
Digital Communication by Simon Haykins.
Information Theory by Thomas & Cover.
The Theory of Information and Coding: Student Edition (Encyclopedia of Mathematics and
it’s Applications) by R. J. McEliece(Hardcover – Aug 2, 2004)

ECE-412: Biomedical Instruments

Human Anatomy & Physiology: Anatomy &Physiology of major systems of the body –
generation & propagation of Bioelectric potentials. Transducers, Leads & Electrodes:
Transducers for biological applications types, properties, charateristics & selection.
Leads & Electrodes: Types, materials, properties, charateristics. Method of application and
selection – equivalent circuits of leads & electrodes. Fundamentals of biomaterials:
Compatability studies of metals, ceramic plastics used in the inplantable devices.

Socket layer (SSl) and transport layer security (TLS), secure electronic transactions (SET).
Recommended books:
Hand Book of Applied Cryptography – Menzes, Van Oorschot and Vanstone.CRC Press.
Cryptography and Network Security, Principles and Practice – William Stallings, Printece

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 Hall. Applied Cryptography – Bruce Schneier.
Networks Security – Kaufman, Perlman and Speciner.

Optional Courses

ECE- 420: Neural networks

Preliminaries: Neural computations, Approximators, Simple memory and restorations
patterns, Optimizing networks, Clustering and feature detecting networks, Dvelopement of
artificialneural systems, Future trends.
Fundamentals concepts and models of artificial neural systems: Biological neuron and
their artificial models, models of artificial neural networks. McCulloch’s Pitts neural model,
Feed forward and feedback network, Neural processing, Learning and adaptation, Neural
network learning rules, Associative memory, BAM, MAM, FAM, Hopefield networks, Self
organizing networks, ART networks, Back propagation network.
Applications of neural algorithm and systems: Character recognition, Control networks,
Robot Kinematics, Expert systems.
Recommended books:
Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems by Jacek M. Zurada.
Artificial Inteligence by E Rich, McGraw-Hill.
Neural Networks, A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd edition, by Simon Haykin, Prentice –
Hall, 1999.
Neural Networks: Algorithm, Applications, and Programming Techniques, J. Freeman and
D. Skapura, Addison-wesley, 1992.
Adaptive Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks, Y-H Pao, Addison-Wesley, 1989.

ECE-421: Digital Image Processing

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing: Formation of an image, Imaging in the
ultraviolet band, Imagine in the visible band, Imagine in the microwave band, Imagine in the
radio band, X-ray imaging, gamma ray imaging, Components of an image processing system,
Steps in DIP,
Digital Image: Elements of visual perception – structure of the human eye, image
formation in the eye.

Image sensing and Acquisition: Image sensor, Sensor strip, Sensor arrays, Image
formation model.
Image Enhancement in the spatial Domain: Gray level transformations, Histogram processing,
Enhancement using arithmetic logic operations, spatial filtering, Smoothing and sharpening
spatial filters.

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Image Enhance in the Frequency Domain: Forier transform, 1D and 2D FT, Properties of 2D FT,
DFT, FFT; smoothing frequency domain filters, Sharping frequency domain filters,
Homomorphic filtering.
Image Restoration: Model of image restoration process, Restoration in the presence of
noise, Estimation of the degradation function.
Color Image processing: Color models, Color image processing, Color transformation,
Color image compression.
Wavelet and Multiresolution Processing: Wavelet transforms.
Image Compression: Image compression models.
Book references:
Digital Image Processing by rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods..
Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing,Anil k.jain, Prentice Hall,1989.
Digital Image Processing, Gonzalezand Woods, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall,2001.
Digital Image Processing, William k. pratt, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 2001.
Digital Image Processing, Kenneth R. Castleman, Prentice Hall, 1996.

ECE -422: Multimedia Commnunications

Fundamentals, Introduction of international standards, Image coding: DCT/subband/VQ,
Image coding: JPEG, Video coding: ITU- T H.261, H.263, H.263 Version 2, Video coding:
ISO MPEG- 1, MPEG audio coding, ITU-T speech coding: G.72x, MPEG-4 Video,
Systems: ITU-T H.320, H.323, etc. Systems: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 systems.

Multipoint data conferencing: T.120, Networking issues: error resilience, network

characteristics, Quality of service (QoS), Error resilience in video codes: H.26x and MPEG,
Multimedia over IP: Muliticast, RTP/RTCP, packetization streaming Multimedia over
ATM, Multimedia over wireless/mobile networks.
This course introduces technologies for multimedia communications. We will
address how to efficiently represent multimedia data, including video, image, and audio, and
how to deliver them over a variety of networks. In thr coding aspect, state of the – art
compression technologies will be presented. Emphasis will be given to a number of
standards, including H.26x, MPEG, and JPEG. In the networking aspect, special
consideration for sending multimedia over ATM, wireless, and IP networks , such as error
resilience and quality of service , will be discussed. The H.32x series, standards for
audiovisual communication systems in various network enviroments, will be described.
Current research results in multimedia communications will be reviewed through student
seminars in the last weeks of the course.
Recommended books:
Multimedia communication systems: Techniques, Standards, and Networks by K. R. Rao.
Introduction to Multimedia Systems (communications, Networking, and Multimedia by
Sugata Mitra, Gaurav Bhatnagar)
ECE-423: High Speed Telecommunication
Networking terminology, Evolution of internet, Networking basics and Internet protocol
stack, TCP performance analysis, TCP sequence number plots; Wireless networks –

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Wireless internet protocol and performance, Wireless TCP issues, Multichannel MAC
issues, vegas and Multicast rate control, Video server broadcasting , IEEE 802.11 and
802.16; ATM networks: ATM terminology, cell networking, ATM signalling, ATM
adaptation layer, ATM switching, ATM traffic management; Network traffic management
and modeling, connection and admission control; High- speed LAN, Performance modeling
and estimation – Probability and stochastic process, queuing analysis, self similar traffic;
Congestion and traffic management, Internet routing, Quality of service (QoS).

Recommended books:
High-speed Networks and Internets by William Stallings.
Computer Networks and Systems – Queuing theory and performance Evalution by Thomas
G. Robertazzi.
Principles of Wireless Networks by Kaveh Pahlavan and Prashant Krishnamurthy.
ECE -424: Radar and navigation
Fundamentals, Basic principle , Radar development, Applications of radar power,
Frequencies used in Radar, Factors influencing maximum range, Effect of noise, Types of
Radar, CW & FM radar; Doppler effect; MTI & pulse radar Modulators, Multimedia access
techniques, Duplexers, Radar antenna, Tracking radar and radar systems.
Recommended books:
Microwave and Radar Engineering by M. kulkarni.
Microwave Principle by J Reich
Microwave Devices and Circuits by Y. Liao
Microwave Engineering by David M. pozar
ECE-425: Radio and Television Engineering
Introduction to radio frequencies; Radio frequency amplifiers: Amlitude modulation and
demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, Frequency conversion and Mixing;
Radio transmitter and receiver, Superheterodyne; antennas.
Television fundamentals; Analysis and synthesis of TV cameras – types, construction and
operating principle; Color signal; TV receivers; TV measurements; Colorimetry.
Television transmision system – PAL, SECAM and NTSC systems, TV signal transmission
and distribution systems.
Introduction to satelite TV receiver system – elements of the system and construction,
creation and operation of the system.

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 ECE-426: IC and VLSI Technology
IC processing, Wafer production and clean room principles, Silicon processing,
Lithography, Oxidation, Doping techniques, Thin film deposition Etching, Back – end
technology, Layer processes used in IC fabrication, Designing a fabrication process to
specially meet physical and electrical specifications for the final chip, Integrating the
fabrication steps, IC packaging, Yeilds in IC processing, Microsystem products,
Microfabrication process, nanotechnology.
CMOS VLSI design process and focuses on design at the circuit and physical levels,
Terminologies and trends in VLSI design. MOS transistor theory , CMOS processing
technology, resistance and capacitance estimation. CMOS design styles, NMOS and CMOS
inverters, dc, transient and transfer characteristics. Designing and testing basic logic gates
and other VLSI building blocks such adders, multipliers, counter, barrel shifters etc, using
computer aided design tools and hardware in the laboratory.
Recommended books:
Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice, and Modeling by James D. plummer,
Michael D. Deal, Peter B. Griffin.
Solid State Electronic Devices, Fifth Edition, Ben Steetman, Sanyay Banerjee,
Prentice Hall, 2000.
Silicon VLSI Technology, james D. Plummer, Michael D. Deal, Peter B. Griffin,
Prentice Hall, 2000.
Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Neil H. E.Weste and Kamran Eshraghiam, Addison
Wesley. Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated Circuits, Third Edition, David A.
Hodges, Horace G. Jackson, and Resve A. Saleh, McGraw- Hill, 2004.
ECE- 439: Project Report and Project Defense
The project work must be started in the 7th semester of the 4th year and it must be completed
by the end of 8th semester. The project work must be carried out under the supervision of a
teacher. Group projects may be allowed but a group must not consist of more than two
students. A project report will be submitted after completion of the project work. A panel of
examiners appointed by the National University will conduct the project defense and also
evaluate the project report. The evalution of project work carrying 200 marks is as follows:
a. Project Report 100 marks.
b. Project Defense 100 marks.

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