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Mathematical-Language-and-Symbols-The-Language-of-Relations-and-Functions

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3 views20 pages

Mathematical-Language-and-Symbols-The-Language-of-Relations-and-Functions

Uploaded by

Sofia Saladan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND

SYMBOLS:
(The Language of Relations And Functions)
Relation
 Relations abound in daily life. People are related to each other in
many ways as:
- parents and children
- teachers and students
- employers and employees
 In business things that are bought are related to their cost and the
amount paid is related to the number of things about.
Relation

 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called


the domain) to a second set of values (called the range)
 The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine
that applies a rule to these inputs to generate one or more outputs.
 A relation is also a set of ordered pair (x, y).

Example:
R = {(1,2) (2, 4) (3,6) (4, 8) (5, 10)}
TYPE OF RELATION
 One to One – the domain (x values) is related to only one value in range (y
values)
 One to Many – the domain (x values) is related to two or more values in
range (y values)
 Many to One – the range (y values) is related to two or more values in
domain (x values)
 Many to Many – both domain and range are related to two or more values
from each other
Function
 A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to
only one value in the range by some rule,
 The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine that
applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only one output.
 A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered pairs
have the same x-value but different y-values.
Functions can be represented in different ways:
x -2 -1 0 1 2
1. a table of values y -10 -7 -4 -1 2

2. ordered pairs {(-2,10), (-1,-7), (0,-4), (1, -1), (2, 2)}

3. graph
4. an equation
y = 3x -4
Which of the following relations are functions?

 f = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5)}

 g = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
Which of the following mapping diagram represent
functions?

A B C
Which of the following graph represent
functions?
D E F G
“All functions are relation, but not all
relations are function.”
Function Notation
- Often in practical applications, the value of one quantity
depends on the value of another.

Example:
-a person’s salary may depend on the number of hours worked
-the total production at a factory may depend on the number of machines
used
Function Notation (cont.)
• For example, the function 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 , if x=1, then y=1; if x=2,
then y=4; and if x=3, then y=9.
𝟏, 𝟏 , 𝟐, 𝟒 , 𝟑, 𝟗

Input Output
(Y)
(X)
1
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 1
2 4
3 (𝟏𝟐 ) (𝟐𝟐 )(𝟑𝟐 ) 9
Evaluating a function.
 Evaluate q (x) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 at x =2
 Evaluate f (x) = 𝑥 2 + 2 at x =3
𝒙𝟐 −𝟓
 Evaluate f(x) = at x = 10
𝟓
 Evaluate g(x) = 9x + 5 at x = 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
1 3
 Evaluate f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 at x = ( 2- 2
𝑥 )
Operations on Functions
(f +g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
(f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)
(f • g)(x)= f(x) • g(x)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)
Example:
Given: ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2

1. ℎ 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥
2. ℎ 𝑥 − 𝑔(𝑥)
3. ℎ 𝑥 • 𝑔(𝑥)
ℎ(𝑥)
4. 𝑔(𝑥)
Composite Function
(f ○ g) (x) = f(g(x))
(read as f of g of x)

(g ○ f) (x) = g(f(x))
(read as g of f of x)
Example 1:
Given: f x = 4x + 1
g x = 2x
h x = x2
1. f g x 2. ℎ g x
= f(2x) = h(2x)
Substitute the given value on g(x).
And we will use g(x) as the value of
X in the function f(x)
= 4 2𝑥 + 1 = (2𝑥)2
= 8𝑥1 = 4𝑥 2
Example 1:
Given: f x = 4x + 1
g x = 2x
h x = x2
3. f h x 4. f 𝑔(h x )
= f(𝑥 ) 2 = f(g 𝑥 2 )
= 4𝑥 + 12 = f(2 𝑥 2 )
= f(2𝑥 2 )
= 4 2𝑥 2 + 1
= 8𝑥 2 + 1
Example 2:
Given: h x =7+x
p x = x2 − 3
c x = 3x

1. h p x
2. h c p 1

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