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12TH CBSE Evolution MCQ

12th Standard

Biology

Exam Time : 00:01:00 Hrs Total Marks : 1

MCQ 163 x 1 = 163

1) Which of the following walked like gorillas and chimpanzees?

(a) Dryopithecus (b) Ramapithecus (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Australopithecus

2) The turtle and tortoise evolved from

(a) Amphibians (b) Fishes (c) Mammals (d) None of these

3) Which of the following evolved first

(a) Homo Sapiens (b) Homo habilis (c) Homo erectus (d) Tyrannosaurus

4) Which of the following walked upright?

(a) Dryopithecus (b) Ramapithecus (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Australopithecus

5) Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that

(a) fishes evolved from frog-like ancestors (b) frogs will have gills in future

(c) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors (d) fishes were amphibious in the past

6) Which of the following is a living fossil?

(a) Moss (b) Saccharomyces (c) Spirogyra (d) Cyas

7) Diversification in plant life appeared

(a) due to abrunt mutation (b) suddenly on earth (c) by seed dispersal

(d) due to long periods of evolutionary changes

8) Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radiocarbon method and other
methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks.More precise methods, which were
used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary periods for different groups of
organisms,includes

(a) study of the conditions of fossilization

(b) electron spin resonance(ESR) and fossil DNA

(c) study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks

(d) study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils

9) A baby has been born with a small tail.It is a case exhibiting

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 (a) retrogressive evolution (b) mutation (c) atavism (d) mamorphosis

10) The most likely reason for the development of resistance against pesticides in insects
damaging the crops is

(a) genetic recombination (b) directed mutation (c) acquired heritable changes

(d) random mutation

11) Which one of the following experiments suggest that simplest living organism could not
having originated spontaneously from non-living matter?

(a) larve could appear in decaying organic matter

(b) microbes did not appear in stored meat

(c) microbes appeared from unsterilized organic matter

(d) meat was not spoiled, when heated and kept sealed in a vessel

12) De Vries gave his mutation theory on organic evolution while working on

(a) pisum sativum (b) Drosophila melanogaster (c) Oenothera lamarckiana

(d) Althea rosea

13) Which one of the following phenomenon supportsDarwin's concept of natural selection in
organic evolution?

(a) development of transgenic animals (b) production of 'dolly',the sheep by cloning

(c) prevalence of pesticide resistant insects

(d) development of organs from 'stem cells' for orgon transplanation

14) Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method of dating of fossils?

(a) radio-carbon method (b) potassium-argon method

(c) electron-spin resonance method (d) uranium-lead method

15) The biogenetic law of Hackel is

(a) Omnis vivum-e-vivum (b) Omnis cellula-e-cellula (c) Ontogeny repeats phylogeny

(d) Phylogeny repeats ontogeny

16) Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany is located at

(a) Delhi (b) Lucknow (c) Dehradun (d) Kolkata

17) 3-5 billion years ago, which flora dominated the earth?

(a) Archaebacteria (b) Mosses (c) Lichens (d) Blue-green algae

18) Huan ancestors who left cave painting were

(a) neanderthal man (b) cromagnon man (c) Java apeman (d) pecking man

19) An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of

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 (a) homologous and analogous organs (b) homologous and vestigial organs

(c) analogous and vestigial organs (d) homologous organs only

20) Evolutionary history of an organism is known as

(a) ontogeny (b) phylogeny (c) ancestry (d) paleontology

21) A connecting link between reptiles and birds is

(a) Dimetrodon (b) Dodo (c) Archaeopteryx (d) Sphenodon

22) Ultimate source of organic variation is the process which provides raw materials for
evolution is

(a) Sexual reproduction (b) meiosis (c) mutation (d) independent assortment

23) The prehistoric man which lived on earth during late Pleistocene period

(a) Neanderthal man (b) Australopithecus (c) CroMagnon (d) Atlantic man

24) According to the theory of mutation by Hugo de Vries

(a) only small mutation takes part in variation

(b) only large mutation takes part in variation

(c) both small and large mutation cause variation in species (d) none of the above

25) A living connecting link which provides evidences for organic evolution is

(a) Sphenodon between reptile and bird (b) lung fishes between pisces and reptile

(c) Archaeopteryx between reptile and bird

(d) duck-billed platypus between reptiles and mammals

26) Which of the following are not analogous organs?

(a) fins of fishes and flippers of whales (b) stings of honey bee and scorpion

(c) thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita

(d) wings of insect and wings of pterodactyl

27) On the basis of hereditary material, most closest relative of man is

(a) chimpanzee (b) gorilla (c) orangutan (d) gibbon

28) Peripatus is a connecting link between

(a) Coelenterates and Porifera (b) Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes

(c) Mollusca and Echinodermata (d) Annelida and Arthropoda

29) In the case of peppered moth (Biston betularia) the black-coloured from became dominant
over the light-coloured form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of

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 (a) inheritance of dark colour character acquired due to the darker environment

(b) natural selection whereby darker forms were selected

(c) appearance of the darker coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight

(d) protective mimicry

30) Jurassic period of the mesozoic era is characterized by

(a) flowering plants and first dinosaurs appear

(b) gymnosperms are dominant plants and first birds appear

(c) radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal like reptiles

(d) dinosaurs become extinct and angiosperms appear

31) Which of the following provides most evident proof of evolution?

(a) fossils (b) morphology (c) embryo (d) vestigial orgons

32) The diversity in the type of beak of finches adapted to different feeding habits on the
Galapagos islands, as observed by Darwin, provides evidence for

(a) Origin of species by natural selection (b) Intraspecific variation

(c) Intraspecific competition (d) Interspecific competition

33) The unit of natural selection is

(a) an individual (b) a species (c) a genus (d) a population

34) The age of fossils is determined by

(a) analysis of bones (b) radioactive C14 dating (c) electron microscopy

(d) weighing the fossils

35) Which of the following was likely to have been absent in a molecule state ,in the primitive
atmosphere of the earth?

(a) carbon (b) oxygen (c) hydrogen (d) nitogen

36) The concept of chemical evolution is based on

(a) interaction of water,air and clay under intense heat

(b) water of solar radiation on chemicals

(c) possible origin of life by combination of chemicals under suitable environmental

conditions

(d) crystalization of chemicals

37) Galapagos islands are associated with the name of

(a) Wallace (b) Malthus (c) Darwin (d) Lamarck

38) In the developmental history of mammalian heart, it is observed that it passes through a
2-chambered fish-like heart, 3-chanbered frog-like heart and finally 4-chambered stag. To

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 which hypothesis can the above statement be approximated?

(a) Biogenetic law (b) Hardy-Weinberg law (c) Lamarck's principle

(d) Mendelian principles

39) Fossils are generally found in:

(a) Sedimentary rocks (b) Igneous rocks (c) Metamorphic rocks (d) Any type of rock

40) For the MN-blood group system, the frequencies of M and N alleles are 0.7 and 0.3,
respectively. The expected frequency of MN-blood group bearing organisms is likely to be

(a) 42% (b) 49% (c) 9% (d) 58%

41) Which type of selection is industrial melanism observed in moth, Biston bitularia:

(a) Stabilising (b) Directonal (c) Disruptive (d) Artificial

42) The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is:

(a) Australopithecus - > Ramapithecus - > Homo sapies - > homo habillis

(b) Homo erectus - > homo habilis - > Homo sapiens

(c) Ramapithecus - > Homo habilis - > Homo erectus - > Homo sapiens

(d) Australopithecus - > Ramapithecus - > Homo erectus - > Homo habilis - > Homo
sapiens.

43) Which of the following is an example for link species?

(a) Lobe fish (b) Doda bird (c) Sea weed (d) Tyrannosaurus rex

44) Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) there is no evidence of existence of gills during embryogenesis of mammals

(b) all plant and animal cells are totipotent (c) ontogeny repeats phylogeny

(d) stem cells are specialized cells

45) The finches of Galapagos islands provide an evidence in favour of

(a) evolution due to mutation (b) retrogressive evolution (c) biogeographical evolution

(d) special creation

46) The connecting link between Annelida and Mollusca is

(a) Neopalina (b) Glochidium larva (c) Nautilus (d) Velliger larva

47) The idea of natural selection as the fundamental process of evolutionary changes was
reached

(a) By Alfred Russel Wallace in 1901

(b) Independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1859

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 (c) Independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1901

(d) By Charles Darwin in 1866

48) When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of
adaptation, the phenomenon is termed

(a) macroevolution (b) Co-evolution (c) Convergent evolution (d) divergent evolution

49) Evolution can be studied now in action in

(a) sphenodon (b) Archaeopteryx (c) Peppered moth (d) Paramecium

50) Among the human ancestors, the brain size was more than 100 cc in

(a) Homo erecuts (b) Ramapithecus (c) Homo habilis (d) Homo neanderhalensis

51) Genetic drift operates only in

(a) Island populations (b) Smaller populations (c) Larger populations

(d) Mendelian populations

52) Species occurring in different geographical areas are called

(a) Sibling (b) Neopatric (c) Sympatric (d) Allopatric.

53) Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) Cro-Magnon man's fossil has been found in Ethiopia

(b) Australopithecus is the real ancestor of modern man

(c) Homo erectus is the ancestor of man

(d) Neanderthal man is direct ancestor of homo sapiens

54) Abiogenesis occured about ........ billion years ago.

(a) 1 ⋅ 2 (b) 1 ⋅ 5 (c) 2 ⋅ 5 (d) 3 ⋅ 5

55) A bacterial cultural is treated with streptomycin and a cast is made.A few columns are
able to survive due to

(a) selection (b) Adaptation (c) Induced mutation (d) Mimicry

56) Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth proves that

(a) the melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over lighter from in industrial
area

(b) the lighter from month has no selective advantage either in polluted industrial area or
non-polluted area

(c) melanism is a pollution-generated feature

(d) the true black melanic forms arise by a recurring random mutation

57) Human evolution originated in

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 (a) Africa (b) Jawa (c) France (d) China

58) The surprise products in the Miller's experiment were

(a) Peptides (b) Nucleotides (c) Nucleic acids (d) Amo acids.

59) Adaptive radiation refers to

(a) evolution of different species from a common ancestor

(b) migration of member of a species to different geographical areas

(c) Power of adaptation in an individual to a variety of environments

(d) adaptation due to geographical isolation

60) First mammal occurred in which Era-period?

(a) Permian-Palaeozoic (b) Triassic-Mesozoic (c) Tertiary-Coenozoic (d) None of these

61) Which one is linked to evolution?

(a) Extinction (b) Competition (c) Variation (d) Reproduction

62) Archaeopteryx is a connecting link between

(a) reptiles and birds (b) birds and mammals (c) amphibians and reptiles

(d) None of these

63) Which of the following is not a concept of Lamarck?

(a) environmental pressure causes variation

(b) rate and survival of organism is different due to variation

(c) inheritance of acquired character

(d) if an organ is used constantly it will continuously increase in size

64) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are examples of

(a) vestigial organs (b) retrogressive evolution (c) analogous organs

(d) homologous organs

65) Darwin's theory states that

(a) characters are acquired through inheritance

(b) Nature select species which can adapt

(c) Species changes morphologically with nature (d) Affect of environment on evolution

66) Select the correct statements from the following?

(a) Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and gets selected by nature

(b) All mammals except whales and camels have seven cervical vertebrae

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 (c) Mutations are random and directional

(d) Darwinian variations are small and directionless

67) Match the scientists listed under column 'A' with ideas listed in column 'B'.
Column 1 Column 2
(i) Darwin (M) abiogenesis
(ii) Oparin (N) use and disuse of organs
(iii) Lamarck (O) continental drift theory
(iv) Wagner (P) evolution by natural selection

(a) (i)-(M) ; (ii)-(P) ; (iii)-(N) ; (iv)-(O) (b) (i)-(P) ; (ii)-(M) ; (iii)-(N) ; (iv)-(O)

(c) (i)-(N) ; (ii)-(P) ; (iii)-(O) ; (iv)-(M) (d) (i)-(P) ; (ii)-(O) ; (iii)-(N) ; (iv)-(M)

68) In 1953 S.L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave
experimental evidence for origin of first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic
molecules. The primitive earth conditions created include:

(a) low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen

(b) low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere

(c) high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere

(d) high temperature, volvanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing C H4 ,N H etc.,

3

69) What is common to whale, seal and shark?

(a) thick subcutaneous fat (b) convergent evolution (c) homeothermy

(d) seasonal migration

70) Variation during mutations of meiotic recombinations are:

(a) random and directionless (b) random sand directional (c) random and small

(d) random, small and direction

71) One of the Important consequences of geographical isolation is

(a) preventing speciation (b) speciation through reproductive isolation

(c) random creation of new species (d) no change in the isolated fauna

72) Who demonstrated existence of life in the boiled broth flask?

(a) Darwin (b) Pasteur (c) Francisco Redi (d) None of these

73) Who did an experiment to prove that the organic compounds were basis of life?

(a) Darwin (b) Melwin Calvin (c) Sydney Fox (d) Miller and Urey

74) Chemical theory of origin of life was given by

(a) Stanley Miller (b) Spallanzani (c) Oparin and Haldane (d) Louis Pasteur

75) Wings of pigeon, bat and mosquito exhibit the phenomenon called

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 (a) Convergent evolution (b) Divergent evolution (c) Atavism (d) All of these

76) Adaptive similarities in different animals living in the same habitat is called

(a) Retrogressive evolution (b) Parallel evolution (c) Adaptive radiation

(d) Convergent evolution

77) Development of patagia in animals is....... adaptation

(a) Volant (b) Arboreal (c) Aquatic (d) Cave

78) First organism to evolve on the earth were

(a) Saprotrophs (b) Photoautotrophs (c) Chemoautotrophs (d) Chemoheterophs

79) The book Philosophie Zoologique was written by

(a) Wallace (b) Oparin (c) Lamarck (d) Darwin

80) Which evolutionary book is most accepted worldwide after bible?

(a) philosophic Zoologique,Lamarck (b) Origin of Life, Oparin

(c) Origin of species,Darwin (d) Mutation and Origin of Species,devries

81) Cranial capacity is minimum in

(a) Chimpanzee (b) Gorrilla (c) Rhesus monkey (d) Orangutan

82) Darwin's finches are an excellent example of

(a) brood parasitism (b) connecting links (c) adaptive radiation (d) seasonal migration

83) Which one of the following is incorrect about the characteristics of protobionts (coacervates
and microspheres) as envisaged in the abiogenic origin of life?

(a) they were partially isolated from the surroundings

(b) they could maintain an internal environment (c) they were able to reproduce

(d) they could separate combinations of molecules from the surroundings

84) Which one of the following scientist's name is correctly matched with the theory put forth
by him?

(a) De Vries-Natural selection (b) Mendel-Theory of Pangenesis

(c) Weismann-Theory of continuity of germplasm

(d) Pasteur-Inheritance of acquired characters

85) Match the scientists and their contributions in the fields of evolution
Name of the Scientist Contributions
(A) Charles Darwin (1) Mutation theory
(B) Lamarck (2) Germplasm theory
(C) Hugo De Vries (3) Philosophie Zoologique
(D) Ernest Haeckel (4) The origin of species
(E) August Weismann (5) Biogenetic law

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 (6) Essay on populations

(a) A-4,B-3,C-1,D-5,E-2 (b) A-4,B-3,C-5,D-1,E-6 (c) A-4,B-4,C-5,D-3,E-1

(d) A-2,B-3,C-1,D-5,E-2 (e) A-3,B-4,C-1,D-5,E-2

86) Given below are four statements (A-D0 each with one or two blanks. Select the option
which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
(A) Wings of butterfly and birds look alike and are the results of (i) evolution.
(B) Miller showed that C H , H , N H and (i), When exposed to electric discharge in a flash
2 2 3

resulted in formation of (ii)

(C) Vermiform appendix is a (i) organ and an (ii) evidence of evolution.
(D) Accordiarwin to Darwin evolution took place due to (i) and (ii) of the fittest.

(a) (D)-(i) small variations, (ii) survival, (A)-(i) convergent.

(b) (A)-(i) convergent, (B)-(i) oxygen, (ii) Nucleosides

(c) (B)-(i) water vapour, (ii) Amino acids, (C)-(i) Rudimentary, (i) Anatomical.

(d) (C)-(i) vestigial, (ii) Anatomical, (D)-(i) Mutations, (ii) Multiplication.

87) According to Darwin, evolution is

(a) a slow, sudden and discontinuous process. (b) a slow and discontinuous process.

(c) a sudden but discontinuous process (d) a slow, gradual and continuous process

88) The scientific name of Java man is

(a) Homo hibilis (b) Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (c) Homo erectus erectus

(d) Australopithecus boisei

89) The golden age of reptiles is

(a) Palaeozoic (b) Mesozoic (c) Cenozoic (d) Proterozoic

90) In the phylogeny of horse, the earliest fossil form is

(a) Eohippus (b) Merychippus (c) Mesohippus (d) Equus

91) Lamarck's theory of evolution is also called

(a) Survival of the fittest (b) Special creation theory

(c) Inheritance of acquired characters (d) None of these

92) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is known to be affected by

(a) evolution (b) limiting factors (c) saltation (d) natural selection

93) Industrial melanism was highlighted by

(a) Mimosa pudica (b) Triticum aestivum (c) Biston betularia (d) rock python

94) This is not Darwinian concept

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 (a) variations (b) struggle for existence (c) natural selection (d) survival of the fittest

95) The closest primate to humans is

(a) Gorilla (b) Orangutan (c) Lemur (d) Rhesus monkey

96) SWan-necked flask experiment was done by

(a) Aristotle (b) Francisco Redi (c) Louis Pasteur (d) Robert Koch

97) Hominids originated during

(a) Pliocene (b) Palaeocene (c) Miocene (d) Oligocene

98) The theory of spontaneous generation was proposed by:

(a) Spallanzani (b) Von Helmont (c) F.Redi (d) Louis Pasteur

99) Which is the most advanced theory of origin of life?

(a) Spontaneous (b) Catastrophic (c) Oparin and Haldane (d) Non-spontaneous

100) Which of the following were first evolved organism?

(a) Chemoautotrophs (b) Chemoheterotrophs (c) Cyanobacteria (d) Bacteria

101) Postanal tail can be traced in

(a) cobra (b) Earthworm (c) Scorpion (d) Centipede

102) One of the oldest, best preserved and most complete hominid fossil commonly known as
'Lucy' belongs to the genus

(a) Oreopithecus (b) Dryopithecus (c) Pithecanthropus (d) Australopithecus

103) Which one of the following ancestors of man first time showed bipedal movement?

(a) Australopithecus (b) Cro-magnon (c) Java apeman (d) Peking man

104) Who was the first to discard the idea of fixity of species?

(a) Jean Baptist Lamarck (b) Charles Darwin (c) Robert Hooke (d) William Harvey

(e) Stanley Cohen

105) Who postulated the mutation theory?

(a) G. Mendel (b) Charles Darwin (c) J.B. Weismann (d) Hugo de Vries

106) Which one of these is not a case of artificial selection?

(a) shetland pony (b) great dane dog (c) broccoli (d) peppered moth

(e) Arabian race horse

107) Amphibians were dominant during

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 (a) Carboniferous (b) silurian (c) ordovician (d) cambrian (e) jurassic

108) The first evolved organisms were

(a) Chemoautotrophs (b) Chemoheterotrophs (c) Cyanobacteria (d) Bacteria.

109) Darwin's finches show one of the following aspects of evolution

(a) Biogeographic evidence (b) Industrial melanism (c) Biochemical evidence

(d) Embryological evidance

110) Evolutionary development of a species can be best studied by

(a) DNA analysis (b) Finding age by carbon dating (c) Studing fossils of this species

(d) All the above

111) Among the following, a structure, which is not vestigial, is

(a) Wisdom teeth (b) Plica semilunaris (c) Vermiform appendix (d) Nails

112) Cause of speciation is

(a) Random mating (b) Hybridization (c) Isolation (d) Migration

113) Sickle-cell anaemia, the best example of natural selection, is due to gene modification
related to amino acid of

(a) First β chain (b) Second β chain (c) second ​​α chain (d) First ​​α chain

114) Which one of the following periods is largely associated with extinction of dinosaurs and
the increase in flowering plants and reptiles?

(a) Jurassic (b) triassic (c) cretaceous (d) permian

115) Darwin judged the fitness of an individual by

(a) ability to defend itself (b) strategy to obtain food (c) number of offspring

(d) dominance over other individuals

116) Mass extinction at the end of mesozoic era was probably due to

(a) continental drift (b) the collision of earth with large meteorites

(c) massive glaciations (d) change in earth's orbit

117) Tachyglossus is a connecting link between

(a) reptiles and birds (b) amphibians and reptiles (c) birds and mammals

(d) reptiles and mammals

118) Darwin's theory does not include

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 (a) Natural selection (b) Survival of the fittest (c) Evolution through inheritance

(d) struggle for existence

119) Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures?

(a) organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions.

(b) organs with anatomical dissimilarities, but performing same function.

(c) organs that have no function now, but had important functions in ancestors.

(d) organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult.

120) An evolutionary pattern characterised by a rapid increase in the number and kinds of
closely related species is called

(a) convergent evolution (b) divergent evolution (c) adaptive radiaton

(d) parallel evolution

121) A common means of sympatric speciation is

(a) polyploidy (b) temporal segregation of breeding season

(c) spatial segregation of mating sites (d) imposition of geographic barrier

122) The most apparent change during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens is traced in

(a) shorthing of the jaws (b) remarkable increase in the brain size (c) loss of body hair

(d) walking upright

123) What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from
his ancestors?

(a) upright posture (b) shortening of jaws (c) binocular vision

(d) increasing brain capacity

124) Sweet potato is homologous to

(a) potato (b) colocasia (c) ginger (d) turnip

125) Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other
geographical areas is known as:

(a) Adaptive radiation (b) Natural selection (c) Migration (d) Divergent evolution

126) Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution
and divergent evolution?

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 (a)
Convergent evolution Divergent evolution
Eyes of octopus and mammals Bones of forelimbs of verebrates

(b)
Convergent evolution Divergent evolution
Thorns of Bougainvillia Wings of butterflies and birds

(c)
Convergent evolution Divergent evolution
Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates Wings of butterfly and birds

(d)
Convergent evolution Divergent evolution
Thorns of Bougainvillia and tendrils of Cucurbita Eyes of Octopus and mammals

127) There is no life on moon because of absence of

(a) Water (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen (d) Hydrogen

128) Which of these pairs is vestigial?

(a) Coccyx and pinna muscles (b) Coccyx and premolar (c) Facial hair in ladies

(d) Coccyx and intercostal muscles

129) According to abiogenesis life orginated from

(a) Nonliving (b) other planets (c) Preexisting life (d) spontaneously (e) chemicals

130) Convergent evolution is illustrated by

(a) Rat and Dog (b) Starfish and cuttle fish (c) Bacterium and protozoan

(d) Dogfish and whale

131) Recapitulation theory was called the law of Biogenesis by

(a) Haeckel (b) Darwin (c) Lamarck (d) Hugo de Vries

132) Reproductive isolation between segments of a single population is termed

(a) sympatry (b) allopatry (c) population divergence (d) disruptive divergence

133) Which of the following is a connecting link between mammals and reptiles?

(a) Peripatus (b) Balanoglossus (c) Ornithorhynchus (d) Archaeopteryx

134) Which one of the following was not given by Darwin's theory of evolution?

(a) struggle for existence (b) over production (c) natural selection (d) genetic drift

135) Darwin's finches provide an excellent evidence in favour of evolution. The evidences come
from the field of

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 (a) embryology (b) palaeontology (c) biogeography (d) anatomy

136) What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from
his ancestors?

(a) Shortening of jaws (b) Binocular vision (c) Increasing cranial capacity

(d) Upright posture

137) The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of
Africa, with short stature, heavy eyebrows, retreating fore heads, large jaws with heavy teeth,
stocky bodies, a lumbering gait and stooped posture was

(a) Homo habilis (b) Neanderthal human (c) Cro-magnan human (d) Ramapithecus

138) Miller and Urey performed an experiment to prove the origin of life. They took gases

(a) methane, ethane, ammonia, water vapour

(b) methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water vapour

(c) methane, ethane, hydrogen, ammonia (d) ammonia, water vapour, butane, hydrogen

139) The origin of mammal like reptiles occurred in

(a) Triassic period (b) Permian period (c) Jurassic period (d) Tertiary period

140) Darwin in his 'Theory of Natural selection' did not believe in any role of which one of the
following in organic evoluation?

(a) Survival of the fittest (b) Struggle for existence (c) Discontinuous variations

(d) Parasites and predators as natural enemies

141) Which one of the following is present today but was absent about 3-5 billion years ago?

(a) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen (c) Hydrogen (d) Methane

142) Theory of spontaneous generation was given by

(a) Louis Pasteur (b) F. Redi (c) Von Helmont (d) Spallanzani

143) Coacervates are

(a) Colloidal droplets (b) Contain nucleoprotein (c) (a) and (b) (d) Protobiont

(e) Bacteria

144) 'Use and disuse' theory was proposed by

(a) Lamarck (b) Darwin (c) Hugo de Vries (d) Malthus

145) Haeckel's biogenetic law is

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 (a) ontogeny repeats phylogeny (b) phylogeny repeats ontogeny

(c) reproductive isolation (d) every organism is produced by its parents

146) Origin of first toothed birds and gymnosperms took place during

(a) cretaceous (b) triassic (c) Jurassic (d) permian

147) Who proposed the theory of origin of species by natural selection?

(a) August Weismann (b) De vries (c) Charles Darwin

(d) Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

148) Which one is not a vestigial organ?

(a) Wings of Kiwi (b) Flipper of seal (c) Coccyx in man (d) Splint bone of horse

(e) Pelvic girdle of python.

149) The wings of bat and bird are

(a) Homologous but not analogous (b) Neither homologous nor analogous

(c) Analogous but not homologous (d) Vestigial (e) Both homologous and analogous

150) According to oparin,which one of the following was not in the primitive atmosphere of the
earth?

(a) oxygen (b) Hydrogen (c) Water Vapour (d) Methane

151) Coacervates were experientally produced by

(a) Sidney fox and oparin (b) Fischer and Huxley (c) Jacob and Monod

(d) Urey and Miller

152) The gases used in the spark-discharge apparatus were-

(a) NH3, NH4 and O2 (b) O2, CO2 and NH3 (c) CO2, NH3 and CH4 (d) H2,CH4 and NH3

153) Biogenetic law as given by Haeckel states that

(a) ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (b) phylogeny recapitulates ontogeny

(c) ontogeny and phylogeny go together

(d) there is no relationship between phylogeny and ontogeny

154) Stanley Miller had put the Oparin-Haldane theory to test in 1953 by creating in the
laboratory, the probable conditions of the primitive earth. In the experiment, simple amino
acids were synthesized from which of the following mixtures as observed after 18 days?

(a) H2 , O2 , N and H 2O (b) C H4 , C N , H2 and O2 (c) H2 ,N H 3 , C H4 and water vapour

(d) N H 3 ,C H4 , and O2

155) Darwin's finches are a good example of

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 (a) convergent evolution (b) industrial melanism (c) connecting link

(d) adaptive radiation

156) Match the items in Column I with those in Column II.

Column I Column II
A. Ice-age (75000 -
1. Neanderthal
10000 years
man.
before)
2. Agriculture
B. 1.5 mya
started
3. Homo
C. Brain size of erectus; they
1400 cc probably ate
meat.
4. Modern Homo
D. 10000 years
sapiens
before
arose
5. Homo habilis;
they
probably did not
eat
meat.

(a) A - 2, B-3, C - 1, D - 4 (b) A - 4, B-1, C - 3, D - 2 (c) A - 3, B-4, C - 1, D - 2

(d) A - 4, B-3, C - 1, D - 2

157) Match the organisms in Column I with the geological time scale of their appearance on
the globe.
Column I Column II
A. Jawless fish 1. 500 mya
B.
2. 320 mya
Dryopithecus
C. Sea weeds 3. 350 mya
4. 200 my a -
D.
dominated
Invertebrates
the earth
E. Reptiles 5. 15 mya
6. 1.5 mya

(a) A - 3, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1, E - 4 (b) A - 5, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1, E - 4

(c) A - 3, B - 5, C - 2, D - 4, E - 1 (d) A - 3, B -2, C - 5, D - 1, E - 4

158) Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of

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 (a) adaptive radiation (b) transduction (c) pre-existing variation in the population

(d) divergent evolution.

159) The bones of forelimbs of whale, bat, cheetah and man are similar in structure, because

(a) one organism has given rise to another (b) they share a common ancestor

(c) they perform the same function (d) they have biochemical similarities

160) Analogous organs arise due to

(a) divergent evolution (b) artificial selection (c) genetic drift (d) convergent evolution.

161) Change of frequency of alleles in a population results in evolution. This statement is

proposed in

(a) Darwin's theory (b) Lamarck's theory (c) Hardy-Weinberg principle

(d) de Vries theory.

162) Homologous organs indicate

(a) convergent evolution. (b) divergent evolution. (c) adaptive radiation.

(d) natural selection.

163) Evolutionary convergence is characterised by

(a) development of characteristics by random mutations.

(b) development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms of different

ancestry.

(c) development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups of organisms.

(d) development of similar characteristics in related groups of organisms.

FILL UP 10 x 1 = 10

164) A study of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates the ______ period in which they
existed.
165) _____ evolution leads to homologous organs.

166) Placental mammal lemur in Australia shows resemblance to the marsupial mammal
________.
167) Placental mammals and marsupial mammals of Australia show __________ evolution.

168) De Vries believed that single step large mutation, called _______ caused speciation.

169) _____ evolved into the first amphibians.

170) About 65 mya, _________suddenly disappeared from the earth.

171) _____ probably lived in East African grasslands about 2 mya.

172) The brain capacities of Homo habilis was about _____ cc.

173) Fossils of _________ were discovered in Java.

TRUE FALSE
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 6x1=6

174) Ontogeny repeats phogeny.

(a) True (b) False

175) Prehistoric cave art developed after agriculture, about 18000 years ago.

(a) True (b) False

176) The skull of baby chimpanzee is more like the adult human skull than the skull of adult
chimpanzee.

(a) True (b) False

177) It is believed that 3-4 mya, man-like primates walked in Eastern Africa.

(a) True (b) False

178) Due to continental drift, pouched mammals of Australia survived due to lack of
competition.

(a) True (b) False

179) Tyrannosaurus was the smallest among the dinosaurs.

(a) True (b) False

1 MARKS 237 x 1 = 237

180) 'Sweet potato tubers and potato tubers are the result of convergent evolution'. Justify the
statement.
181) What did Louis Pasteur's experiment on 'Killed yeast' demonstrate? Name the theory that
got disproved on the basis of his experiment.
182) What is the basis of origin of variations in organisms as described by Hugo de Vries?

183) Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you
infer the above with reference to evolution?
184) State the significance of biochemical similarities amongst diverse organisms in evolution.

185) Comment on the similarity between the wing of a cockroach and the wing of a bird. What
do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
186) State the significance of Coelacanth in evolution

187) Comment on the similarity between the flippers of dolphins and penguins, with reference
to evolution.
188) Are flippers of penguin and dolphin homologous or analogous? What type of

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 evolution has brought such a similarity in them?
189) How does a population become 'founders' of a new species?

190) When does a species become founders to cause founder effect?

191) What does Hardy-Weinberg equation p2+2pq+q2=1, convey?

192) Name the scientist who disproved spontaneous generation theory.

193) Why are the wings of a butterfly and of a bat called analogous?

194) Are the thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita homologous or analogous?
What type of evolution has brought such a similarity in them?
195) Mention the type of evolution that has brought the similarities as seen in potato tuber
and sweet potato.
196) Are the wing of a bird and the forelimb of a horse homologous or analogous? Name the
type of evolution that explains the development of such structures.
197) According to Hardy-Weinberg's principle, the allele frequency of a population remains
constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
198) Why are lichens regarded as pollution indicators?

199) Mention what caused evolution according to de Vries.

200) Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.

201) What causes speciation according to Hugo de Vries?

202) Pick out the ancestral line of Angiosperms from the list given below: Conifers, Seed ferns,
Cycads, Ferns.
203) Name the placental mammals corresponding to the Australian 'spotted cuscus' and
'Tasmanian tiger cat', which have evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
204) How do we compute the age of a fossil?

205) In a certain population, the frequency of three genotypes is as follows:

Genotypes BB Bb bb
Frequency 22% 62% 16%

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 what is the likely frequency of alleles B and b?
206) Among the five factors that are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, three factors
are gene flow, genetic drift and genetic recombination. What are the other two factors?
207) Which type or natural selection is the industrial melanism observed in moth, Biston
betularia?
208) By what Latin name, is the first human-like being, the hominid known?

209) Who probably did not eat meat among Ramapithecus, Australopithecus and Homo
habilis?
210) What is evolutionary biology?

211) Why is it said that when we see stars, we are apparently peeping into the past?

212) Name the unique event in the history of universe.

213) When was the earth supposed to have been formed?

214) Name the theory that describes the formation of universe.

215) Who showed that life comes only from pre-existing life?

216) Why was the theory of spontaneous generation dismissed?

217) Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?

218) Who proposed the theory of origin of Life?

219) Who provided experimental support for Oparin-Haldane hypothesis?

220) In which form/forms did miller supply energy in their experiment?

221) When did the first cellular form of life appear?

222) What is 'fitness' according to Darwin?

223) Name the scientist who also came to similar conclusion as Darwin. Where did he work?

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 224) State the biogenetic law.

225) Define biogeography.

226) Name the island where Darwin made most of his observations.

227) What are Darwin's finches?

228) Mention the two key concepts of Darwinism.

229) Name the first group of organisms that invaded land.

230) Name the ancestor of Bryophytes.

231) Name the period in the geological history when lycopods flourished.

232) Name the common ancestor of cycads and dicots.

233) What is saltation in evolution?

234) What is meant by gene pool?

235) What is meant by genetic equilibrium?

236) What is evolution according to Hardy-Weinberg?

237) What is founder effect?

238) Mention any one major source of variation in a sexually reproduced offspring and an
asexually reproducing population respectively.
239) Name the type of fish that was caught in South America in 1938, that is considered as
ancestor of modern amphibians.
240) What technical term is given to the fish-like reptiles?

241) What did the first mammals look like?

242) Name the forerunner of hominid evolution.

243) Give the scientific name of the first human-like ancestor.

244) Write the scientific name of the species that succeeds Homo habilis in hominid evolution.

245) Mention the grain capacities of

(a) Homo habilis, and
(b) Neanderthal man.
246) When (how many years before) were the following developed?
(a) Cave art, and
(b) Agriculture.
247) What are the characteristics of life forms that had been fossilised?

248) Did aquatic life forms got fossilized? If yes, where do we come across such fossils?

249) How do we compute the age of a living tree?

250) Give an example for convergent evolution and identify the features towards which they

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 are converging.
251) What is more important precondition for adaptive radiation?

252) How de we compute the age of a rock?

253) When we talk of functional macro-molecules e.g. protein as enzyme, hormones, receptor,
antibodies, ect., towards what are they evolving?
254) Who among the Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus was more man-like?

255) Name the following:

(a) Who conceived the idea of chemosynthetic hypothesis of origin of life on earth?
(b) Who proved that spontaneous generation does not occur?

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 (c) Who experimentally proved that life develops from pre-existing life only?
(d) Who gave the theory of organic evolution?
256) When did life appear on earth?

257) Give another name for origin of life.

258) Who finally proved that life cannot originate from pre-existing life?

259) Which was the earliest form of life that came on earth?

260) What was the type of atmosphere in the early stages?

261) Justify that life began in the sea.

262) Name the gas absent in primitive atmosphere.

263) What product was formed in the Miller's experiment in the direction of origin of life on
earth?
264) Arrange the following substances in a proper sequence with regard to the formation of
chemical constituents at the time of origin of life: Sugar, methane, nucleic acid and amino
acid.
265) Whose theory formed the basis of chemical origin of life?

266) What are microspheres?

267) Where will you find the most ancient and recent fossil?

268) What is Hardy-Weinberg principle?

269) What is the cranial capacity of modern man?

270) Which chromosome in humans and chimpanzees shows an identical banding pattern?

271) Starting with the oldest form rearrange the following genera species according to their
sequence of appearance on earth:
Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Ramapithecus, Homo habilis, Australopithecus.
272) State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the
loss of lichens (on tree barks/during industrialization period in England).
273) Which one of the living apes diverged first from the main line of hominid evolution and
which one diverged last?
274) According to de-Vries what is saltation?

275) Name any two primitive Gymnosperms.

276) Give an example of homologous organs in insects.

277) Consider a thorn in Bougainvillea and a tendril in Cucurbita. Are these two organs
homologous or analogous? Give reason.
278) What must be present in any population before selection, either artificial or natural that
can bring about changes?
279) What are the two most important phenomena in nature which form the basis of

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 Darwinism?
280) What are fossils?

281) What are meteorites?

282) Give the age of the earliest prokaryote.

283) Where did life appear first?

284) Is life still originating?

285) Is the scheme of origin of life given by Oparin and Haldane final?

286) Name the scientist who experimentally confirmed the Oparin-Haldane theory of the origin
of life.
287) Name the stage that followed coacervates in the origin of life.

288) Were the first-formed organisms autotrophic or heterotrophic?

289) In what form/forms had Urey and Miller supplied energy in their experiment?

290) Was oxygen present in free state in primitive earth's atmosphere?

291) Who was the first scientist to object 'theory of abiogenesis'?

292) What is the probable period of origin of cyanobacteria?

293) Name the possible sources of energy in most accept theory of origin of life.

294) What does theory of special creation state?

295) What was sealed in the spark chamber in famous Miller and Urey simulation experiment?

296) Who obtained protenoid microspheres by heating a mixture of dry amino acids to 130 -

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 180 C and later cooling them in water?
o

297) What do you mean by Panspermia?

298) Give a 3-word definition of "organic evolution".

299) Cite one example of homologous organs in plants.

300) Give two examples of connecting links.

301) Name two vestigial organs of human body.

302) Define recapitulation theory in 3 words.

303) Mention one temporary embryonic structure of no use.

304) Name three main kinds of rocks.

305) Which organs of man are homologous to the wings of birds?

306) Cite one example of dinosaurs.

307) In which era the fossils are scanty.

308) What is Archaeopteryx? What is its significance in evolution?

309) Who proposed the biogenetic theory "ontogeny repeats phylogeny"?

310) Cite two examples of analogous organs and two of atavistic structures.

311) Which period is called the 'age of reptiles'?

312) Mention the immediate ancestors of birds and mammals.

313) Name three recent eras of geological time.

314) Name the era in the geological time scale when life had not yet originated on earth.

315) Mention any species which came into existence in the recent past.

316) In which era of geological time scale mammals dominated the scene?

317) Name a living fossil.

318) Give an example of missing link

319) Name the theory of evolution given by Lamarck.

320) Evolution is a discontinuous process. Is it correct?

321) Give the three key factors of the modern concept of evolution.

322) In which areas does the dark melanic species of the peppered moth abound?

323) What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?

324) In what respect did Darwin agree with Lamarck?

325) Cite one example of natural mutation producing a new species.

326) What are sympatric species?

327) How do genes mutate?

328) List 3 mechanism by which variant genotype can be produced in nature.

329) Which source of variations denied to the asexually reproducing organisms and self-
fertilising hermaphrodites? Which phenomenon needs to occur to bring about variation in

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 such forms?
330) What is the significance of the Lederberg experiment?

331) Name any two breeds of wild rock pigeon that have been developed through artificial
selection.
332) Should man be regarded a "special creation" or "just another animal"?

333) Which is the common ancestor of old world monkeys, apes and humans?

334) Name the ancestors of primates.

335) Name the common ancestor of great apes and man.

336) "Man descended from monkeys". Do you agree?

337) Which is the earliest fossil of prehistoric man?

338) Name the apes which are most primitive.

339) What is the cranial capacity of man?

340) Where have the fossils of Sivapithecus found?

341) Name the extinct representative of modern man.

342) Which place in India is famous for human fossils?

343) Which is opposable in man, pollex or hallux?

344) Name the primate family in which the humans have been placed.

345) What is the diploid number of chromosomes in the great apes and in the humans?

346) Who is a palaeoanthropologist?

347) Write about the theory of spontaneous generation.

348) Name the naturalist who had also come to similar conclusion around the same time what
Darwin worked out?
349) Atmosphere of the primitive earth was highly......while that of present earth is highly.....

350) State the significance of study of fossils in evolution.

351) What is the way to compute the age of a fossil?

352) Explain the meaning of 'survival of the fittest'.

353) Identify the examples of convergent evloution from the following.

(i) Flippers of penguins and dolphins

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 (ii) Eyes of Octopus and mammals.
(iii) Vertebrte's brain.
354) Why are analogous structures a result of convergent evolution ?

355) State the reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the
loss of lichens(on tree barks) during industrialisation period in England.
356) Coelacanth that was caught in 1938 in south Africa,was very significant in the
evolutionary history of vertebrates.Why?
357) State the significant of biochemical similarities among diverse organisms in evolutions.

358) What is 'Saltation' according to De vries?

359) What are the end products of the experiment of Miller?

360) Write the probable differences in eating habits of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.

361) Write hypothetical proposals put forth by Oparin & Haldane.

362) Name the type of evolution that has resulted in the development of structures like wings
of butterfly and bird. What are such structures called.
363) Write the basis of origin of variations in organisms as described by Hugo de Vries

364) Write the term used for resemblance of varieties of placental mammals to
corresponding marsupials in Australia.
365) If the frequency of one allele is 'p' and for another, it is 'q' for one gene, what will be the
formula to calculate allele frequency in future generations according to Hardy-
Weinberggenetice equilibrium?
366)

Study the ladder of human evolution given above and answer the following questions.
(a) Where did Australopithecus evolve?
(b) Write scientific name of Java man.
367) Who was the direct ancestor of living modem man.

368) Rearrange the following statements to explain the formation of atmosphere on earth
i) The lighter hydrogen gas escaped from the surface while oxygen combined with methane,
ammonia etc to form water and carbondioxide etc.
ii) Earth cooled and water vapour fell as rain
iii) Water vapour, methane, ammonia and carbondaioxide were released from molten mass.
iv) UV rays from the sun broke up water into hydrogen and oxygen.
369) Name the theory of origin based on the following statement;
i) The supernatural being created the earth, light, plants, animals
ii) Unit of life called spores transferred to different planets including earth.
iii) Life arose from decaying matter like straw.
iv) First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules.
v) The first form of life arose slowly from non-living molecules involving evolutionary forces.
370) Stanley Miller & Urey experimentally proved the chemical evolution of life by creating
condition similar to the primitive atmosphere, in the laboratory. Name the gases filled by

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 them in the flask .In what form was the energy supplied for the chemical reaction to occur?
For how long the experiments run continuously?
371) Charles Darwin during a Sea voyage round the world in a sail ship (H.M.S Beagle),
concluded that there has been gradual evolution of life forms . What is his theory practically
known as? Write the main points of his theory . Name a scientist who arrived to similar
conclusion like that of Charles Darwin?
372) What is indicated by a cross section of earth’s crust? Name the evolutionary evidence in
which different aged rock sediments containing fossil of life form are examined?
373) Whales, bats, cheetah & humans shares similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimbs
what do we call these structures. How these structures are pointing towards divergent
evolution? Give an example from plants which represent the same pattern?
374) The structures which are not anatomatically similar but are performing similar function
are called analogous structure. Give any two example of analogy.
Why analogous structure are said to be a result of convergent evolution?
375) Evolution is the stochastic process based on chance events in nature & chance mutation
in the organism. Explain it with the help of a suitable example (industrial melanism). State
any other example from every day experience.
376) Why small black birds later called Darwin Finches found in Galapagos Islands amazed
Darwin.Which evolutionary phenomenon is represented by Darwin finches.
Give any other example of this phenomenon. When is this phenomenon indicative of
convergent evolution?
377) Is evolution a process or the result of a process? Name the two key concepts of Darwinian
Theory of evolution.
378) “Giraffes who in an attempt to forage leave on tall trees had to adopt by elongation of
their necks.” Make use of this statement to enumerate the main points of Lamark ’s theory
and Darwin’s theory of Natural selection.
379) “Allele frequencies in a population are stable and are constant from generation
to generations”. Who proposed this principle .State the factors that are known to affect
it .What do you understand by founder effect. How these five factors mentioned can cause
a change in a frequency of alleles of a population?
380) Depending upon the trait favoured natural selection can bring about three different
effects. Depict the effects with the help of diagram.
381) Complete the following statement by filling blanks 1 to 5.
i) The first circular form of life → multi cellular organisms → (1) around 500 million years ago
→ jawless fish around 350 million years ago

ii) (2)were the ancestors of the modern day frogs and salamanders
iii) Land reptiles i.e. __(3)__ suddenly disappeared from the earth about 65 million years ago.
This called(4).
iv) Some of the land reptiles moved back into water to evolve into (5).
382) Rearrange the following to depict the correct sequence of the evolutionary record of man.
Homo habilis , Ramapithecus, Homosapiens, Australopithecus, Homo erectus. Differentiate
between Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
383) Classify the following as examples of homology and analogy:
i) Hearts of fish and crocodile.
ii) Eyes of octopus and mammals.

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 iii) Thorns of bougainvillea and spines of Opuntia.
iv) Thorns of bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbits
384) ·What is Big Bang theory?

385) Theory of special creation was promoted by which scientist?

386) The first cellular life form originated when and where?

387) State two postulates of Oparin and Haldane's theory with reference to the origin of life.

388) Complete the statement given below by filling the blank.

_________ is considered as a connecting link between the reptiles and birds.
389) Apart from homologous and analogous organs, which other organs can be used as
evidences for organic evolution?
390) What role does an individual organism play as per Darwin's theory of natural selection ?

391) What is 'fitness of an individual' according to Darwin?

392) According to Hugo de Vries what is saltation?

393) Define gene migration.

394) How many years back were the following developed in human evolution?
(i) Cave art (ii) Agriculture
395) Identify the period which is called age of reptiles.

396) What was the unique event in the history of universe?

397) The theory of spentaneous generation was dismissed by whom and why?

398) When did bryophytes appeared on the earth?

399) Hugo de Vries gave the mutation theory. Name the plant he worked on.

400) How can you say lobefins were ancestors of evolution?

401) Write down the consequence of absence of genetic variations among individual of a
population.
402) The 'origin of species' was given by which scientist?

403) What did the first mammal look like.

404) Mention the conditions on earth that favoured origin of life.

405) Name any two extinct forms of life.

406) When did the jawless fish evolve?

407) When was the earth supposed to have been formed and when did life appear on the
earth?
408) What was the idea of early Greek thinkers about origin of life?

409) What is Theory of Panspermia?

410) State the two principal outcomes ofthe experiments conducted by Louis Pasteur on origin
of life.
411) How did Charles Darwin express 'fitness'?

412) Name two animals that have evolved along with Tasmanian wolf in the Australian

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 continent.
413) What is saltation according to De-Vries?

414) Coelacanth was caught in South Africa. State the significance of discovery of Coelacanth
in the evolutionary history of vertebrates.
415) Write the names of the following:
(a) A 15 mya primate that was ape-like.
(b) A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands.
416) Rearrange the human activities mentioned below as per the order in which they
developed after the modern Homo sapiens came into existence during ice age:
(i) Human settlement
(ii) Prehistoric cave art
(iii) Agriculture.
FIND ODD ONE 4x1=4

417) Carboniferous, Triassic, Devonian, Permian

418) Bobcat, Wolf, Ant eater, Spotted cuscus.

419) Human hands, Wings of butterfly, Wings of bat, Wings of birds.

420) Lamarckism, Darwinism, Branching descent, Natural selection.

CASE STUDY 10 x 4 = 40

421)

(a) State the hypothesis which S.L. Miller tried to prove in the laboratory with the help of the
set up given above.
(b) Name the organic compound observed by him in the liquid water after running the above
experiment.
(c) A scientist simulated a similar set up and added CH4, NH3 and water vapour at 800°C.
Which important component is missing in his experiment?
422)

The forelimbs of four vertebrates are shown in the diagram shown above.
(a) What type of evolution is exhibited by the similarity among these organs in those
organisms?
(b) What are such organs known as?
(c) What do they indicate?
423) In 1950s, there were hardly any mosquitoes in Delhi. The use of the pesticide, DDT on
standing water
killed their larvae. But, now there are mosquitoes because they have evolved DDT-resistance

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 through the interaction of mutation and Natural selection. State in a sequences, how that
could have happened.
424) When the reptiles came down, mammals took over the earth. There' were mammals in
South America, which resembled some of the modern day mammals. But due to continental
drift, they disappeared whereas the pouched mammals of Australia flourished and evolved
into the various forms of pouched mammals that we see today.
(a) Mention two characteristic features that were the reasons for the successful existence of
mammals on earth.
(b) Why did the continental drift affect the mammals of South America and Australia,
differently.
425) According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, the allele frequencies in a population are stable
and remain constant through generations. When the frequency differs from the expected
values, the difference indicates the extent (direction) of evolutionary change. Disturbance in
the genetic equilibrium or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population can be interpreted as
resulting in evolution.
(a) Write the algebraic equation representing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
(b) List the five factors that affect the genetic equilibrium.
426)

Identify and describe the type of Natural selection operating in A and B, respectively.
427) Fill in the blanks in the following statements, with the time period [as million years ago
(mya)] of evolution of various life forms on the earth.
(a) The first non-cellular forms of life, i.e., giant organic molecules like RNA, proteins, etc.
could have originated _______________________.
(b) About _______________ the first cellular forms of life appeared on the earth; slowly single-
celled forms became multicellular forms.
(c) By the time of _______________ invertebrates were formed.
(d) Jawless fish probably ev-olved around _______________.
(e) Sea weeds and a few plant species existed probably around_______________ ; the first
organisms that invaded land were plants.
(f) About _____________ fish with stout and strong fins that could move on land and go back to
water were present; they were called lobefins.
428) Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Fish with stout and strong fins existed about 350 mya; they could move on land and go
back into water.
(ii) Reptiles dominated the earth for about 200 million years.
(iii) Some land reptiles went back into water and evolved into fish-like reptiles.
(iv) The land reptiles of that period were dinosaurs; they disagpeared suddenly from the
earth.
(a) Name the fish that could move on land and go back into water. What did they evolve into?

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 (b) Give an example-ofthe fish-like reptiles. Mention the time period when they were evolved.
(c) Name the largest of the dinosaurs. When did the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared?
429) A few stages and their respective time period in the evolutionary history of human beings
are mentioned in the flow-chart given below. Answer the questions that follow, as asked.

(a) Name the two primates.

(b) Name two places where the fossils were discovered.
(c) Name the ancestor.
(d) Name the hominid.
430)

(a) Identify the respective animal to which each of the following skulls, A, Band C belongs.
Which two among them resemble more closely?
(b) Name the (I) ape-like and (ii) man-like primates that existed 15 million years ago.

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MCQ
163 x 1 = 163

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