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Re-development Plan for Commercial Area of Kollam City: Focus on
Chammakada and Surrounding Areas of Chinnakada
Article in International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · September 2021
DOI: 10.21275/SR21725143248
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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2020): 7.803
Re-development Plan for Commercial Area of
Kollam City: Focus on Chammakada and
Surrounding Areas of Chinnakada
Mohasin Haroon1, Dr. Annie John2
1
Department of Architecture, TKM College of Engineering,Kollam, Kerala 691005, India
Haroonmohasin[at]gmail.com
2
Professor, Department of Architecture,TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala 691005, India
anniejohn[at]tkmce.ac.in
Abstract: Redevelopment is the actual situation and guideline of land uses and designs. The city redevelopment includes the migration
of organizations, the destruction of designs, the movement of individuals, and the utilization of a famous space (government acquisition
of property for public reason) as a legitimate instrument to take private property for city-started advancement projects. Over the long
haul, metropolitan recharging advanced into a strategy dependent on obliteration and more on redesign and venture, and today is a
fundamental piece of numerous neighborhood governments, frequently joined with little and enormous business motivations. The
historic commercial areas and their streets are among the most important elements of historical city centres, which puts them at the
forefront of areas needing appropriate policies to deal with their problems to survive for future generations. A place called Chamakada
and surroundings, situated at the heart of Kollam city, has been an export & commercial core of Kollam, is considered the area for
study. The study area identified comes under the AMRUT Scheme of Kollam Corporation. The uncontrolled traffic conditions,
dilapidated conditions of the existing buildings, elevated pollution levels in the Kollam Canal Stretch, which runs through the Kollam
City, made the old prominent market spaces lose their pride. The study focuses on Land Use Planning by inspecting the traffic pattern,
transportation issues in congested areas at peak hours, and the implications of N.M.T., thereby analysing the redevelopment
implications on Study Area and scrutinizing the significance of commercial space in CBD Area. The study identifies the solutions for
the commercial redevelopment in the city. The study aims to fulfil the community needs and provide plan for the policymakers, which
enables proper decision-making.
Keywords: Redevelopment, Landuse, Infrastructure, Built-form
1. Introduction Redevelopment objectives should likewise consolidate
different parts of local area improvement like plan,
Urban redevelopment has been seen by proponents as an protection of notable resources, public spaces, advancement
economic engine and a reform mechanism and by critics as a of natural equity, ecological remediation and even issues
mechanism for control. It may enhance existing that upgrade the degree of social administrations gave to
communities, and in some case, result in the demolition of neighborhood inhabitants [6].
neighborhoods. [2].
India’s Smart Cities Mission is a national-level urban
The term renewal defined as a fashionable American term in initiative that is raising awareness of such approaches, and
the 1950s, which meant large-scale destructive encouraging urban local bodies (ULBs) to promote area
redevelopment of an urban area, often it was adopted in the based development [4].
United Kingdom to mean the re-planning of towns or urban
centers, to modernize them and provide access for traffic, 2. Importance of Commercial Redevelopment
whereas, redevelopment refers to demolition of blighted
areas and development on the same site [3]. It is seen as a Redevelopment includes the reorganization of the urban,
solution to existing problems of congestion and poor design, functional and population structure of an existing urban area
which sometimes results in wasteful resources, destroying through the removal of the dilapidated buildings and
communities, and creating urban deserts until building neighborhoods that occupy the largest proportion of the
occurs [3]. Urban renewal activities in 1958 classified in the existing urban fabric, with the exception of buildings of
discussions of the World Housing and Planning federation historical value, and then rebuilding them according to a
into three main policies: redevelopment, conservation and new plan which shows the use of the land and the pattern of
rehabilitation, together with the methods of urban infill and population distribution [1]. Many cities link the
revitalization. [1]. Urban renewal operations have included revitalization of the central business district and
the most important procedures as gentrification of residential neighborhoods to earlier urban
Redevelopment, renewal programs. Over time, urban renewal evolved into a
Rehabilitation, policy based less on destruction and more on renovation and
Conservation, and investment, and today is an integral part ofmany local
Urban infill [1] governments, often combined with small and big business
incentives [2].
Volume 10 Issue 7, July 2021
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21725143248 DOI: 10.21275/SR21725143248 1321
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2020): 7.803
In India, various urban sector components were earlier commercial surveys, analysing the issues and areas having
addressed through a single mission (JNNURM- Jawaharlal the development potential. Demographical data for the study
Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission), these components based on Census 2011 and the delineation of the study area
have now been split across missions. For instance, AMRUT was done by deriving several parameters from various
has prioritised water and sanitation over other objectives; literature surveys. After analyzing the data collected from
SCM (Smart City Mission) is committed to area specific the case studies of commercial redevelopment, parameters
urban renewal and redevelopment; SBM (Swachh Bharat derived for the study area, to derive therecommendations for
Mission) primarily addresses issues of hygiene, waste a redevelopment plan for the commercial area.
management, and public health; and HRIDAY (National
Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana) is 5. Results and Discussion
dedicated to the planned urban development of heritage
cities [5]. Urban development processes in historical/ Trade and commerce considered as one of the vital sectors
commercial centers must be geared to preserving the urban of the planning area. The city centresvizChinnakada and
character of the region, protecting the existing heritage and surroundings had been developed as the first order
its originality, with a focus on human beings; they should commercial node in the district. The city needs to provide
focus on buildings of heritage value in order to balance higher-order commercial facilities to all the people of
social and economic concerns by environmental concerns, Kollam district.
both urban and natural [1].
The main challenge facing by the street vendors is that such
3. Aim and Objectives of the study types of trading activities are only effective for pedestrians.
They have been trafficked on specific road stretches. But
The study aims to provide a Re-Development plan for many of these sidewalks are limited by spall for movements
Chamakada& Surroundings of Kollam City. only. In many instances, the authorities have ordered many
amenities and other modern sheds but failed. Public
The objectives of the study are: platforms with clean exemplary waste disposal facilities and
To study the Kollam city and its commercial time-bound for pedestrian crossing are constructed. In
developments. foreign countries, can redeem a crowded group of people
To study the pattern of traffic and transportation issues through these business on clean pathways offering public
in congested areas at peak hours and the implications of hygiene. Parking facilities and toilet facilities are essential
N.M.T in the Study area. when providing such guidance.
To analyse the redevelopment implications on Study
Area. The financial institutions in higher-order nodes/junctions.
To analyse the significance of commercial space in the Availability of such institutions should be equally available
CBD Area. for the public. Hence the equitable distribution of financial
To provide the provisions for an improved built (urban) institutions is not general in the planning area.
form.
To provide policies guided toward the creation of an Through the years, the developments in road traffic led to
Area Redevelopment Plan. the negligence of trade through water ways in Chamakkada
To provide a Re-Development Plan For Chamakada& –Chinnakada area.This resulted in wide problems like traffic
Surroundings of Kollam CBD Area congestion due to narrow roads, lack of parking and other
Re-Development Plan also has objectives related to the infrastructure facilities etc.
tourism potential and recreational activities with the
provisions of infrastructure and other services by 6. Commercial Development
utilizing the natural setting in the study area.
Kollam (past Quilon) is a district in the southern region of
4. Methodology Kerala, found 70 km north of the state's capital
Thiruvananthapuram. The Arabian Sea flanks it on the west,
Methodology of the study derived from its objectives, at Tamil Nadu on the east, Alapuzha and Pathanamthitta locale
different stages of the study. It also uses information related on the north, and Thiruvananthapuram region on the south.
with geospatial technology, Arc GIS, Total station, Auto- Chinnakada is the central business district (CBD), the
CAD and Mymaps for the study. Data collection for the commercial and business centre of Kollam city, in which
study done through primary and secondary surveys, through Chamakada is a part. Chinnakada is lying in the
questionnaires, reports and field surveys from the people, Coordinates: 8°53’13.5” N, 76°35’26.47” E.
mainly shopkeepers, governmental archives and the
governmental departments such as the NATPAC and the Chamakada Area of Chinnakada is located in the
Spatial Analysis Wing of the District’s Town planning confluence of three roads – Main road, Paikada road and
department, Kollam. The surveys, and the departmental Thamarakulam road. Also, the Vadayattukotta road has been
informations about the studyareaweremade to analyze the taken in the study part, because of its commercial
scope of an area based redevelopment plan in the importance. The Chamakada and area along the access roads
commercial area. The study area was taken and finalised are demarcated as the Commercial hub is selected as the
after the conduction of reconnaissance/ physical surveys, Study Area.
Volume 10 Issue 7, July 2021
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21725143248 DOI: 10.21275/SR21725143248 1322
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2020): 7.803
Figure 1 : Location of study area
Chinnakada or Chinnakkada is considered the heart of the
city of Kollam in Kerala, India. Chinnakada is a busy Figure 4 :Base Map generated on G.I.S with Spatial
junction where 5 city roads and one National highway Analysis Wing, Department of Town planning, Kollam
interconnect at a traffic roundabout. The city's symbolic
clock tower and the Railway Station, located in Chinnakada. After proper map detailing, the Study Area was selected, to
Chamakada or Chamakkada is one of the exchange center find out the commercial Land-use of the marked Chinnakada
points of the city of Kollam, India. It is a significant Area for its selection.
neighborhood in the city and is situated at the center
Downtown Kollam region. The region is extremely well With the Land use classifications and the Base map, a
known for discount vendors and rice dealers. general map representing land use zones created to have an
understanding of the commercial hub and its activities to be
5.2 Commercial Land use chosen as the study area.
The Chinnakada junction has highest CCI (Commercial
Concentration Index) higher than 30 is the first order node
of KMC area. Sakthikulangara, Anchalumoodu, Pallimukku
nodes area coming under Ist order nodes.
The range between 20-30 lies in 2nd order node and the
nodes coming under these category are Monnamkutty,
Kavanadu and Kadappakkada. The CCI values lie under 10-
20 are coming under 3rd order are Ramankulanagara and
Ayathil.
Remaning nodes area all coming under 4th order nodes.
Depending on the commercial landuse percentage the
hierarchy of commercial nodes are depicted on the figure of
commercial landuse map.
Total number of markets in Kollam Corporation area is 24. Figure 5: Land use zones
It includes the oldest market in established in 1914 in
Chamakada. 15 nos of them are owned by corporation and 8 The land-use zones identified each zone and analysed that
nos area privately owned. towards the core strip is a mixed zone of various commercial
activities and other prominent functions, including
entertainment, religious sites, etc.
5.3 Spatial Mapping
The Spatial Mapping of the study area, provides a brief
characteristics of the buildings, along each of its significant
roads.
Figure 3: Commercial Nodes
Volume 10 Issue 7, July 2021
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21725143248 DOI: 10.21275/SR21725143248 1323
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2020): 7.803
5.6 Built-form
The Built-form gives the urban image of the buildings in the
area, their age, common characteristics and specific
condition or use. The Built-form along the road strips in the
Study area are taken, as follows. (Figure 8).
5.6 Analysis & Issues
There are several issues along the study area, some of these
along the road stips are discussed below.
5.6.1 Main Road
The buildings in Chamakada market are mostly old, have
Figure 6 :Spatial Map of study area old and conventional roofing, they are markets storage
spaces for the grains. They are mostly seen close to the
5.4 Traffic & Transportation chamakada – paikada stretch.
Figure 6:Traffic & Transportation along Study Area
Along Vadayattukotta Road- The provision to give N.M.T
(Non-motorised Transit) are given along the road width
ranges to 9m, having its possibility.
Along Main Road- The provision to give N.M.T (Non-
motorised Transit) can be possible only by minimising the
vehicular traffic since it is the road that is suffering the most
vehicle congestion than all the other roads in the study area.
Along Paikada Road- The provision to give N.M.T (Non-
motorised Transit) can be possible in the marked area. It can
also be provided along the non-provision marked area by
restricting the private passenger vehicular flow and
encouraging pedestrian access.
Along Thamarakulam Road- The provision to give N.M.T
(Non-motorised Transit) can be possible in the marked area,
it can be developed into a walkway along the sides, as well,
Figure 7 :Traffic & Transportation along Study Area.
since it is an alternate access route to the market place and
the residential zone.
5.5 Infrastructure
The infrastructure along the Study area, taking into
consideration, is the Streetlights, Drainage, Drinking Water,
Toilet and Recreation facilities.
The infrastructure, detailed along with the land connecting
road strips of the Study area, same as taken in the Traffic
and Transportation. (Figure 7).
Volume 10 Issue 7, July 2021
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21725143248 DOI: 10.21275/SR21725143248 1324
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2020): 7.803
better practice there are encroachments on to the existing
drain covered walking lanes.
There is a drainage problem existing in the Andamukam
road, since the roads have a raised elevation from the
ground, making it difficult for the shopkeepers to manage
their sales in the monsoons and rainy seasons. The shops
here are mainly managed by migrants from Rajasthan.
Ramdev Trading Co.in the study area is an example of it.
6. Conclusion
This chapter deals with the conclusion of the entire study. It
states that the objectives of the study have been achieved.
The way forward for this subject is also mentioned by
stating proposals for future redevelopments.
The Chamakada is an identity of the past and is rich in its
possibilities as an export and trade hub, with its dominance
of market culture along with the CBD Area.
The whole study are a prerequisites development in terms of
providing infrastructure. The area lacks proper water supply,
proper sewage and solid waste management.
By strengthening the trade links along the water channels,
can also bring tourism potential towards the area. The true
identity and culture of this Commercial hub should be
protected to understand a sense of feeling of the place.
Trade & Commerce can be considered as one of the key
sector of the planning area. The city centres viz.
Chinnakada& surroundings had been developed as the first
order commercial node, facilitates to all the people of
Kollam district. The main challenges facing by the street
Figure 8: Built-form along Study Area. vendors is that, such type of trading activities are only
effective for pedestrains. They are trafficked on specified
The street lights are lit in the main road to paikada link road. road stretches. Parking facilities and toilet facilities are
Eventhough, the main road lights doesn’t function properly. essential when providing such guidance.
There is traffic congestion on this road and the main cause is
due to a large number of commercial spaces, but also with The financial institutions are commonly seen in the higher
the improper parking of the vehicles, especially the two- order nodes/ junctions. Equitable distribution of financial
wheelers covering small spaces and making it difficult for institutions is not available in the planning area. For transfer
all other modes of vehicles to accommodate. of goods to the commercial spaces possibilities have been
identified. Trucks can ply through the Thamarakulam road,
5.6.1 Paikada Road at fixed intervals of time, which also have provisions for
The road spaces are encroached by the shop-keepers. Due to NMT.
this, Vehicles parking alongside the road gets affected.
There isn’t proper pedestrian access. Government policies for redevelopment of the Study Area,
such as Ullarungal Scheme can be adopted for the walkway
5.6.2 Thamarakulam Road proposals. Electric rickshaws as per the current Kerala
The private bus stand of Andamukam is located adjacent to Budget- 2021, shows its prominence. Kerala IT Mission has
the PSC office and in between the roads of Paikada and its wide applications when linked with the working of the
Thamarakulam. Even though, the bus stand has the potential Town planning Department of Kollam.
to develop parking spaces for vehicular traffic. There is
slight congestion in the traffic route and have insufficient The inhabitants & visitors can have an involvement in the
parking facilities. expanded quality of life to create a more wonderful &
reasonable place to live & work.
There is a scrap shop adjacent to the Andamukam private
bus stand to collect the scrap materials and items which can 7. Recommendations
be recycled and reused. There are certain interest groups (as
shown in pictures) that collect from them. Even though it’s a Recommendations for the commercial redevelopment of the
Volume 10 Issue 7, July 2021
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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR21725143248 DOI: 10.21275/SR21725143248 1325
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
SJIF (2020): 7.803
Chamakada-Chinnakada areas are based on three objectives: to facilitate the positive social contribution in the
Environmental Sustainability, Liveability, and Economic & conservation of heritage zones, Faculty of engineering,
Cultural Vitality. From theabove analysis, recommendations Tanta University, Egypt.
are to be made for 4 parameters : Land use, Infrastructure, [11] O.A. Alwan (2009). Preserving the heritage markets
Transportation and Built-form. within an integrated framework to preserve the urban
The pedestrian ways, elevated way, E- Rickshaw, Truck heritage in the historical centers of cities, J. Plan.
waiting point and Smart bus stop increases the Develop., 7, pp. 105-124.
accessibility of goods and passengers to the place. [12] S.M. Khedr (2014). The impact of the principles of
The Trans-CAD facility can provide better routing urban street design on the visual perception in a
facilities and effective use of road networks, with the commercial street, Sudan University of Science and
round-about at Chinnakada Junction as its centre can Technology, Sudan.
create more effective route mapping and increases the [13] Reports of Spatial Analysis Wing, Department of
connectivity of the place. Town planning, Kollam.
The floating market, public space provision along the [14] NATPAC, Traffic and Transportation Studies for
AJ park can bring business and enhances tourism AMRUT Cities - Kollam Corporation, March 2020.
potential for the future.
The possibility of Water Metro can also be Author Profile
acknowledged along the Kollam Canal connecting the
North and South end points of Kerala. Mohasin Haroon received the B.Tech degree in Civil
Engineering from TKM College of Engineering,
The Drainage separation and Waste Shark can enhance
Kollam in 2017. He is now doing M.Plan at TKM
the availability of freshwater and, can protect against College of Engineering, Kollam, affiliated to the APJ
water-logging and foul smell. Abdul Kalam Technological University (2019-
A new Built-form with modern roofing solutions, which 2021batch).
adds membrane to the conventional roofing can enhance
the life of the old buildings along with the Chamakada Dr Annie John graduated with a B. Arch (Hons) from
Market Area and makes a unique urban form, which IIT Kharagpur. She also has her Masters in City
also makes it identifiable. Planning and PhD from IIT Kharagpur. She is
presently a Professor with about 25 years of teaching
Encourage community awareness programs to
in the Department of Architecture in TKM College of
incorporateasenseofcommunitywithinthepeople. Engineering, Kollam, affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam
Technological University.
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