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Lesson 2 Multiplication

This lesson for 10th graders focuses on algebraic expressions and their multiplication, aiming to teach students to define key terms, multiply various types of expressions, and simplify them using the distributive property. It includes definitions of terms, coefficients, and methods like FOIL for binomial multiplication, along with examples and a class activity for practice. The lesson is structured to last 60 minutes and incorporates a YouTube video for additional learning.

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15 views9 pages

Lesson 2 Multiplication

This lesson for 10th graders focuses on algebraic expressions and their multiplication, aiming to teach students to define key terms, multiply various types of expressions, and simplify them using the distributive property. It includes definitions of terms, coefficients, and methods like FOIL for binomial multiplication, along with examples and a class activity for practice. The lesson is structured to last 60 minutes and incorporates a YouTube video for additional learning.

Uploaded by

mazibukorefilwem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2

Grade: 10

Topic: Algebraic Expressions: Multiplication

Duration: 60 minutes

Learning Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Define and identify terms, coefficients, exponents, bases, and constants in algebraic
expressions.

2. Multiply monomials, binomials, and polynomials.

3. Simplify algebraic expressions using the distributive property.

Introduction

What is an Algebraic Expression?

An expression which is made up of variables and constants, along with algebraic operations
(addition, subtraction, etc.).

History of Algebra: YouTube Video


Definitions and Terminology:

Term

• A single number, variable, or the product of numbers and variables.


Examples:

o 3𝓍 ; −5 ; 4𝓍𝓎2

• Terms are separated by + or - signs in an expression.


Example: In 2𝓍 2 + 3𝓍 − 4, the terms are 2𝓍 2 ; 3𝓍 ; 4

Coefficient

• The numerical part of a term that includes a variable.


Examples:

o In 5𝓍, the coefficient is 5.

o In −3𝓍𝓎, the coefficient is -3.

Variable

• A symbol (usually a letter) that represents an unknown number.


Examples:

o 𝓍;𝓎;𝓏

Exponent

• A small number written above and to the right of a variable, indicating how many
times the variable is multiplied by itself.
Examples:

o 𝓍 3 means 𝓍 × 𝓍 × 𝓍

o In 4𝓍 2 , the exponent is 2.
Polynomial

• A general term for an expression with one or more terms, separated by addition or
subtraction.

• Polynomials include monomials, binomials, trinomials, or expressions with four or


more terms.
Examples:

o 𝓍 3 + 2𝓍 2 − 4𝓍 + 7 ; 5𝑎2 𝑏 − 3𝑎𝑏 + 6𝑏

Monomial

• An algebraic expression with only one term.

• The term may include a constant, variables, or both, but they are combined through
multiplication or division only (no addition or subtraction).
Examples:

o 3𝓍 ; 4𝓍 2 𝓎 ; −7 ; 2𝓍𝓎2

Binomial

• An algebraic expression with exactly two terms, separated by addition (+) or


subtraction (−).
Examples:

o 𝓍 + 5 ; 3𝓍 2 − 2𝓍

Trinomial

• An algebraic expression with exactly three terms, separated by addition (+) or


subtraction (−).
Examples:

o 𝓍 2 + 3𝓍 − 4 ; 2𝒶2 − 5𝒶 + 7
Multiplication of Expressions

• Combining algebraic expressions by multiplying terms using rules of exponents and


the distributive property.

Like Terms

• Terms with the same variable(s) raised to the same exponent(s).


Examples:

o 2𝑥 and −5𝑥 are like terms.

o 3𝑥 2 and 4𝑥 are not like terms (different exponents).

Distributive Property

• A property used to multiply a single term by each term in a parenthesis:


𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐
Example:
2𝑥(3𝑥 + 4) = 2𝑥 ∙ 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 ∙ 4 = 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥

FOIL Method (Binomial Multiplication)

• A method for multiplying two binomials:

o First terms

o Outer terms

o Inner terms

o Last terms
Expanding

• Definition: Expanding involves removing brackets by multiplying each term inside the
bracket with the term(s) outside the bracket or with terms from another bracket.

• This is typically done using the distributive property or methods like FOIL for
binomials.

• Examples:

1. 2𝑥(𝑥 + 3): 2𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 ∙ 3 = 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 (Expanding)

Simplifying

• Combining like terms to make the expression simpler.


Example:
From 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 (combined like terms), simplify to 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥

Degree of a Term

• The sum of the exponents in a term.


Examples:

o For 3𝑥 2 , the degree is 2.

o For 4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 , the degree is 3 + 2 = 5

Degree of a Polynomial

• The highest degree of its terms.


Example:
In 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥, the degree is 3 (from 𝑥 3 ).

Development

1. Explanation and Worked Examples:

o Multiplying a Monomial and a Binomial


Siyavula Textbook Example (p.16):
Simplify 2𝑎(𝑎 − 1) − 3(𝑎2 − 1).

▪ Distribute: 2𝑎 ∙ 𝑎 − 2𝑎 ∙ −1 = 2𝑎2 − 2𝑎

▪ Expand: −3 ∙ 𝑎2 − 3 ∙ −1 = −3𝑎2 + 3

▪ Combine: 2𝑎2 − 2𝑎 − 3𝑎2 + 3 = −𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 3 (simplify by combing


like terms)

o Multiplying Binomials (FOIL Method)


Example: (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2).
▪ F: 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ,

▪ O: 𝑥 ∙ 2 = 2𝑥,

▪ I: 3 ∙ 𝑥 = 3𝑥,

▪ L: 3 ∙ 2 = 6.
Combine:𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6.

o Multiplying a Binomial and a Trinomial


Example: (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3).
Multiply each term:

𝑥 ∙ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ; 2 ∙ (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3) = 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6

Combine: 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6.

Class Activity (10 minutes):


Simplify the following expressions:

• 3𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4)

• (2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 5)

• (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)

• (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4)

• (𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1) − 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2)

YouTube Videos:

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