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Unit-I (Introduction of C)

The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, detailing its history, features, and basic structure. C was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 and has become a foundational language for many others, known for its efficiency and portability. It outlines the components of a C program, including sections for documentation, linking, definitions, global declarations, the main function, and subprograms.

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13 views

Unit-I (Introduction of C)

The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, detailing its history, features, and basic structure. C was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 and has become a foundational language for many others, known for its efficiency and portability. It outlines the components of a C program, including sections for documentation, linking, definitions, global declarations, the main function, and subprograms.

Uploaded by

sathya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION TO C
History of C
 C language is developed by Mr. Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972 at bell laboratory at USA,
 C is a simple and structure Oriented Programming Language.
 In the year 1988 C programming language standardized by ANSI
(American national standard institute), that version is called ANSI-C.
 In the year of 2000 C programming language standardized by ISO that version is called C-99.
 All other programming languages were derived directly or indirectly from C programming concepts
.
Overview of C
 C is a computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell
Laboratories
 C is a simple and structure oriented programming language.
 C is also called mother Language of all programming Language.
 It is the most widely used computer programming language, this language is used for develop
system software and Operating System.
 All other programming languages were derived directly or indirectly from C programming
concepts.

Features/ Importance of C language

 It is a robust language with rich set of built-in functions and operators that can be used to write
any complex program.
 The C compiler combines the capabilities of an assembly language with features of a high-level
language.
 Programs Written in C are efficient and fast. This is due to its variety of data type and
powerful operators.
 It is many time faster than BASIC.
 C is highly portable this means that programs once written can be run on another machines with little
or no modification.
 Another important feature of C program, is its ability to extend itself.
 A C program is basically a collection of functions that are supported by C library. We can also create
our own function and add it to C library.
 C language is the most widely used language in operating systems and embedded system
development today.
SIMPLE C PROGRAM:

Step 1 : Open turbo C ,click on File and then click on New

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{

printf(“WELCOME”);

Step 2: Write the above example as it is

Step 3: Click on compile or press Alt+f9 to compile the program

Step 4: Click on Run or press Ctrl+f9 to run the code

Step 5: Output

WELCOME

BASIC STRUCTURE OF C PROGRAM

 There are 6 main sections in C Program, they are


Documentation Section
 This section consists of comment lines which include the name of programmer, the author and
other details like time and date of writing the program.
 Documentation section helps anyone to get an overview of the program.
 There are two ways in which we can write comments.
 Using // - This is use to write a single line comment.
 Using /* */ - This is use to write multi-line comments.
Link Section
 The link section consists of the header files of the functions that are used in the program.
 It provides instructions to the compiler to link functions from the system library.

Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>

Definition Section
 All the symbolic constants are written in definition section.
Macros are known as symbolic constants

Example:
#define PI3.14
#define TRUE1

Global Declaration Section

 There are some variables that are used in more than one function.
 Such variables are called global variables and are declared in the global declaration section that is
outside of all the functions.
Example:
int total ;

Main () Function Section:

 Every C program must have one main function section.


 This section contains two parts,

1. Declaration part: The declaration part declares all the variables used in the executable part.
2. Executable part: Write the statement in the executable part, which wants to execute
 These two parts must appear between the opening and closing braces.
 The program execution begins at the opening brace and ends at the closing brace.
 The closing brace of the main function is the logical end of the program.
 All statements in the declaration and executable part end with a semicolon.

Subprogram section:

 If the program is amulti-function programthen the subprogram section contains all theuser-
defined functionsthat are called in the main ()function.
User-defined functions are generally placed immediately after the main () function, although they may appear in
anyorder

Example of Basic Structure of C Program:

/* Adding Two Integer Numbers*/ Documentation Section

#include<Stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

Output:

Enter the two numbers : 1 2

The sum of two numbers is : 3

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