Docker and Docker Compose

Docker is a set of platform as a service products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver
software in packages called containers. The service has both free and premium tiers.

Resources:
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3c-iBn73dDE&t=1485s
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmcdMiyqfZs
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoY1i8Ids1w
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVIcrmeV_6c
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qw9zlE3t8Ko
● https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4cUxeGkcC9hxjeEtdHFNYMtCpjNBm3h7

Links:
● https://docs.docker.com/
● https://docs.docker.com/compose/
● https://medium.com/@kmdkhadeer/docker-get-started-9aa7ee662cea
● https://towardsdatascience.com/docker-101-all-you-wanted-to-know-about-docker-2d
d0cb476f03
Courses:
● https://kodekloud.com/courses/docker-for-the-absolute-beginner/?utm_source=googl
e&utm_medium=&utm_id=16890563714&utm_content=&utm_term=&creativeId=

Getting Started:
● Docker overview
● Docker Installation
● Docker compose installation
● Docker Volumes
● Docker Networking

Certification:
● https://training.linuxfoundation.org/training/containers-fundamentals/

Docker and Docker Composer:

● Install docker and docker compose in your local machine linux
● Use docker cli to run a nginx server locally and expose it on port 8080
● Docker push an image to docker hub
● Run docker commands without sudo
● Learn all basic docker cli commands
● Write your first dockerfile to create a custom nginx server to output “hello World”
● Create a docker compose file which has 3 nginx services which outputs hello-world
1, 2, 3 respectively in a network.
● Attach docker volume and read the file dynamically in the container from outside
● Shell into a running container and execute basic commands
● Create 2 docker files of nginx with CMD and ENTRYPOINT respectively.
● Create a multi-stage build dockerfile for nginx
● Install docker and docker compose in your local machine linux:
Running Following Commands:
1. Update package list:
sudo apt update
2. Install dependencies:
sudo apt update
3. Add Docker's GPG key:
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key
add -
4. Add Docker repository:
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64]
https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
5. Update package list again:
sudo apt update
6. Install Docker Engine:
sudo apt install -y docker-ce
7. Verify Docker installation:
sudo systemctl status docker
8. Add user to Docker group:
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
9. Download Docker Compose:
sudo curl -L
"https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compo
se-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
10. Set executable permissions for Docker Compose:
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
11. Verify Docker Compose installation:
docker-compose --version
Docker Installed Successfully:

● Use docker cli to run a nginx server locally and expose it on port 8080
1. Pull Nginx Image
Sudo docker pull nginx
2. Run Nginx Container
docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name my-nginx nginx
3. Verify Nginx Container Status:
docker ps

● Docker push an image to docker hub

docker tag my-image:latest myusername/my-image:latest
docker login
docker push myusername/my-image:latest

● Run docker commands without sudo

cat /etc/group | grep docker
sudo usermod -aG docker <username>
logout
groups
docker info
● Learn all basic docker cli commands
# Display Docker version information
docker version

# Show detailed Docker system information

docker info

# List all Docker images

docker images

# List running containers

docker ps

# Pull a Docker image from a registry (e.g., Docker Hub)

docker pull <image-name>

# Create and start a new container based on an image

docker run <image-name>

# Create and start a container in detached mode (background)

docker run -d <image-name>

# Stop a running container

docker stop <container-id>

# Start a stopped container

docker start <container-id>
 # Restart a container
docker restart <container-id>

# Remove a stopped container

docker rm <container-id>

# Remove a Docker image

docker rmi <image-id>

# Execute a command inside a running container in interactive mode

docker exec -it <container-id> <command>

# Display logs of a running container

docker logs <container-id>

# Build a Docker image from a Dockerfile and tag it

docker build -t <image-name> <path-to-dockerfile>

# Start services defined in a Docker Compose file

docker-compose up

# Stop and remove services defined in a Docker Compose file

docker-compose down

● Write your first dockerfile to create a custom nginx server to output “hello World”
Create Project Directory and Navigate:
mkdir custom-nginx
cd custom-nginx
Create Dockerfile:
cat > Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM nginx:latest
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
RUN mkdir -p /usr/share/nginx/html
COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
EOF
Create nginx.conf:
cat > nginx.conf <<EOF
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
 }
http {
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html;
}
}
}
EOF
Create index.html:
cat > index.html <<EOF
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello, World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
</body>
</html>
EOF

Build Docker Image:

docker build -t custom-nginx .
Run Docker Container:
docker run -p 8080:80 custom-nginx

● Create a docker compose file which has 3 nginx services which outputs hello-world 1, 2, 3
respectively in a network.
cat > docker-compose.yml <<EOF
version: '3.8'
 services:
nginx1:
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- "8081:80"
environment:
- MESSAGE=hello-world 1
networks:
- my-network

nginx2:
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- "8082:80"
environment:
- MESSAGE=hello-world 2
networks:
- my-network

nginx3:
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- "8083:80"
environment:
- MESSAGE=hello-world 3
networks:
- my-network

networks:
my-network:
EOF

● Attach docker volume and read the file dynamically in the container from outside

● Shell into a running container and execute basic commands

# List running containers and find the ID or name of the container you
want to shell into
docker ps
 # Shell into the container
docker exec -it <container-id-or-name> /bin/bash

# Now you are inside the container's shell

# You can execute any basic commands you need
ls
pwd
whoami
uname

# Exit the container's shell

exit

● Create 2 docker files of nginx with CMD and ENTRYPOINT respectively.

Dockerfile using CMD:
FROM nginx:latest
COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

Dockerfile using ENTRYPOINT:

FROM nginx:latest
COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
ENTRYPOINT ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

● Create a multi-stage build dockerfile for nginx

# Stage 1: Build stage
FROM node:14 as build-stage

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Stage 2: Production stage

FROM nginx:latest as production-stage

COPY --from=build-stage /app/build /usr/share/nginx/html

EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]