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Here’s a detailed explanation of common Java Selenium programs, including their
C
purpose and functionality. Each example demonstrates a specific aspect of Selenium
WebDriver.
1. Launching a Browser
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class LaunchBrowser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
Imports: We import the necessary Selenium classes.
●
● WebDriver Setup: System.setPropertysets the pathto the ChromeDriver
executable, which is required to control the Chrome browser.
● Browser Launch: A new instance of Chrome is createdwith new ChromeDriver()
.
driver.get()opens the specified URL.
● Navigation:
driver.quit()closes the browser and endsthe WebDriver session.
● Cleanup:
2. Finding an Element by ID
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementById {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● E
lement Interaction: This example demonstrates howto find an HTML element using
idattribute and perform a click action.
its
● F driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"))locates the element
ind Element:
with the specified ID.
click()method simulates a mouse clickon the identified element.
● Action: The
3. Finding an Element by Name
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.name("elementName")).sendKeys("Text");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
T
● nameattribute and send text to it.
ext Input: Here, we locate an element by its
● sendKeys: This method simulates typing text into aninput field.
4. Finding an Element by Class Name
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByClassName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.className("className")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
C
● classattribute.
lass Name: This program demonstrates finding an elementby its
● Click Action: Clicking on an element identified byclass name.
5. Finding an Element by CSS Selector
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByCss {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".className")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● C SS Selectors: This example shows how to use CSS selectorsto find an element and
click it.
".className"selects elements withthe specified class.
● Selector Syntax:
6. Finding an Element by XPath
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByXPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Click
me']")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
X
● Path: This program uses XPath to locate an elementbased on its text.
● Element Click: It clicks on a button with specifictext.
7. Sending Keyboard Input
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class SendKeysExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("inputField")).sendKeys("Hello,
World!");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● Input Simulation: This example demonstrates how tosend keyboard input to a specific
input field.
● sendKeys Method: It simulates typing text into aninput field identified by its ID.
8. Retrieving Text from an Element
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class GetTextExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
String text =
driver.findElement(By.id("textElement")).getText();
System.out.println(text);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● T ext Retrieval: This program retrieves the visibletext from an element and prints it to
the console.
● getText Method: It extracts the text content froman HTML element.
9. Handling Drop-downs
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class HandleDropdown {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
Select dropdown = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdownId")));
dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
D
● rop-down Handling: This example shows how to interactwith a drop-down menu.
Selectclass is used to select optionsfrom a drop-down element.
● Select Class: The
10. Navigating Back and Forward
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class NavigateBrowser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.get("http://anotherexample.com");
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().forward();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● B rowser Navigation: This example demonstrates howto navigate back and forth
between web pages.
● navigate() Method: This method allows you to movethrough the browser history.
11. Using Implicit Wait
java
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C
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ImplicitWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
Implicit Wait: Sets a global wait time for findingelements before throwing an exception.
●
● manage().timeouts(): Configures the WebDriver to waitfor a specified amount of time.
12. Using Explicit Wait
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class ExplicitWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("buttonId")))
.click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
E
● xplicit Wait: Waits for a specific condition to occurbefore proceeding.
● WebDriverWait: This class is used to define the maximumwait time.
13. Handling Alerts
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class HandleAlert {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("alertButton")).click();
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
A
● lert Handling: This program demonstrates how to handleJavaScript alerts.
● switchTo().alert(): Switches the context to the alertto perform actions like accepting or
dismissing it.
14. Taking a Screenshot
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ScreenshotExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)
driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("screenshot.png"));
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● S creenshot Capture: This example captures a screenshotof the current browser
window.
● TakesScreenshot Interface: Used to take a screenshotin the specified format.
15. Handling Iframes
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class HandleIframe {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.switchTo().frame("iframeName");
driver.findElement(By.id("buttonInsideIframe")).click();
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● Iframe Handling: Demonstrates how to switch contextto an iframe to interact with
elements inside it.
● switchTo().frame(): Switches the context to the specifiediframe, and
switchTo().defaultContent()returns to the main document.
16. Switching Windows
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.Set;
public class SwitchWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
driver.findElement(By.id("newWindowButton")).click();
Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String window : allWindows) {
if (!window.equals(mainWindow)) {
driver.switchTo().window(window);
break;
}
}
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
W
● indow Management: This program opens a new windowand switches to it.
● getWindowHandles(): Retrieves the handles of all openwindows, allowing you to
switch to a specific one.
17. File Upload
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FileUpload {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("uploadField")).sendKeys("path/to/file.txt");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
F
● ile Upload: Demonstrates how to upload a file usingthe sendKeysmethod.
● File Path: The path to the file is provided directlyto the file input element.
18. Waiting for Page Load
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class WaitForPageLoad {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
// Wait for the page to load completely (implicit wait can
also be set)
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● P age Load Timeout: Sets a maximum wait time for thepage to load before throwing an
exception.
● manage().timeouts(): Allows configuration of varioustimeout settings for the WebDriver.
19. JavaScript Execution
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class JavaScriptExecution {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("alert('Hello, World!');");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
J
● avaScript Executor: Executes JavaScript code withinthe context of the current page.
● Alert Creation: This example demonstrates creatinga JavaScript alert.
20. Getting Browser Window Size
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class GetWindowSize {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize();
System.out.println("Width: " + size.getWidth() + ", Height: "
+ size.getHeight());
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
W
● indow Size: Retrieves and prints the dimensions ofthe browser window.
● Dimension Class: Represents the width and height ofthe window.
21. Setting Window Size
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class SetWindowSize {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
S
● etting Size: This example sets the size of the browserwindow to specific dimensions.
● manage().window().setSize(): Method to change thesize of the window.
22. Maximizing the Browser Window
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class MaximizeWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
M
● aximize: This code maximizes the browser window uponopening.
● manage().window().maximize(): Method to maximize thecurrent window.
23. Minimizing the Browser Window
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class MinimizeWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.manage().window().minimize();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
M
● inimize: This program minimizes the browser window.
● manage().window().minimize(): This method is usedto minimize the current window.
24. Scrolling Down the Page
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class ScrollPage {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 500);");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
S
● crolling: This example scrolls down the page by aspecified number of pixels.
● JavaScript Executor: The script uses JavaScript toperform the scroll action.
25. Checking an Element’s Visibility
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class CheckVisibility {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
boolean isVisible =
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).isDisplayed();
System.out.println("Element is visible: " + isVisible);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● Visibility Check: This example checks whether an elementis visible on the page.
trueif the element is visible, otherwise
● isDisplayed Method: Returns false
.
26. Checking an Element’s Enable State
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class CheckEnabled {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
boolean isEnabled =
driver.findElement(By.id("buttonId")).isEnabled();
System.out.println("Element is enabled: " + isEnabled);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● E nabled State Check: Checks if an element (like abutton) is enabled and can be
interacted with.
trueif the element is enabled,otherwise
● isEnabled Method: Returns false.
27. Verifying Title of a Page
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class VerifyTitle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
String title = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println("Page title is: " + title);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
T
● itle Verification: Retrieves and prints the titleof the current page.
● getTitle Method: Returns the title of the currentpage.
28. Verifying Current URL
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class VerifyUrl {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
String currentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl();
System.out.println("Current URL is: " + currentUrl);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
U
● RL Verification: This example retrieves the currentURL of the page.
● getCurrentUrl Method: Returns the URL of the currentpage.
29. Waiting for an Element to be Clickable
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class WaitForElementToBeClickable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("clickableEle
ment"))).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● W ait for Clickable: This example waits for an elementto become clickable before
attempting to click it.
● ExpectedConditions: Provides various conditions forwaiting.
30. Handling Multiple Windows
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.Set;
public class HandleMultipleWindows {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("newWindowButton")).click();
Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String window : allWindows) {
driver.switchTo().window(window);
// Perform actions on the new window
}
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
M
● ultiple Windows Handling: Demonstrates how to managemultiple browser windows.
● Switching Between Windows: Uses a loop to switch toeach window handle.
31. Checking if an Element is Selected (Checkbox)
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class CheckIfSelected {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
boolean isSelected =
driver.findElement(By.id("checkboxId")).isSelected();
System.out.println("Checkbox is selected: " + isSelected);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
Checkbox State Check: Checks if a checkbox is selected.
●
trueif the checkbox ischecked.
● isSelected Method: Returns
32. Filling a Form
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FillForm {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com/form");
driver.findElement(By.id("firstName")).sendKeys("John");
driver.findElement(By.id("lastName")).sendKeys("Doe");
driver.findElement(By.id("submitButton")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● F orm Filling: Demonstrates how to fill out a formby locating input fields and sending
keys.
● Form Submission: Clicks the submit button after fillingthe form.
33. Using Relative XPath
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class RelativeXPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='username']")).sendKeys("us
er");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
R
● elative XPath: Uses a relative XPath to locate aninput field.
● Sending Keys: Sends keys to the located input field.
34. Using Absolute XPath
java
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C
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class AbsoluteXPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/input")).sendKeys("text");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
A
● bsolute XPath: Uses an absolute XPath to locate anelement.
● Sending Keys: Sends keys to the located input field.
35. Working with Radio Buttons
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class RadioButtonExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("radioButtonId")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● Radio Button Selection: Demonstrates how to selecta radio button.
● Click Action: Clicks on the radio button to select it.
36. Using CSS Selector for Child Elements
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class CssSelectorChild {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div > span")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● C hild Element Selection: This example shows how touse CSS selectors to select child
elements.
● Click Action: Clicks on the child element.
37. Using JavaScript to Scroll to an Element
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class ScrollToElement {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")));
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
S
● croll to Element: This example scrolls the page tobring a specific element into view.
● JavaScript Executor: Executes the scroll action.
38. Handling a File Download
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
public class HandleFileDownload {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("download.default_directory",
Paths.get("path/to/download").toString());
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
driver.get("http://example.com/download");
driver.findElement(By.id("downloadButton")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
F
● ile Download: Configures the download directory forfiles downloaded via the browser.
● ChromeOptions: Allows setting Chrome-specific options,including download paths.
39. JavaScript Alert Handling
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class HandleJavaScriptAlert {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("alertButton")).click();
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept(); // or alert.dismiss();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● J avaScript Alert Handling: This program demonstrateshow to accept or dismiss
JavaScript alerts.
● switchTo().alert(): Switches to the alert context.
40. Verifying an Element’s Attribute
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class VerifyAttribute {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
String value =
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).getAttribute("attributeName");
System.out.println("Attribute value: " + value);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
A
● ttribute Verification: Retrieves the value of a specifiedattribute from an element.
● getAttribute Method: Used to obtain the attributevalue.
41. Using Actions Class for Mouse Hover
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class MouseHoverExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("hoverElement"))).perfo
rm();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● M ouse Hover: Demonstrates how to perform a mouse hoveraction using the Actions
class.
● perform Method: Executes the action sequence.
42. Taking Full-Page Screenshot
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
public class FullPageScreenshot {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)
driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new
File("fullPageScreenshot.png"));
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
F
● ull-Page Screenshot: Captures a screenshot of theentire page.
● TakesScreenshot: Used for taking screenshots in Selenium.
43. Working with Dropdowns (Select Element)
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class DropdownExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
Select dropdown = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdownId")));
dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
D
● ropdown Selection: Demonstrates how to select anoption from a dropdown.
● Select Class: Provides methods to interact with dropdownelements.
44. Navigating Back and Forward
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class NavigateBackAndForward {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.get("http://example.com/anotherpage");
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().forward();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● B ack and Forward Navigation: Demonstrates how to navigateback and forward in
browser history.
● navigate() Method: Used for navigation operations.
45. Page Source Retrieval
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class PageSourceExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
System.out.println(pageSource);
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
P
● age Source: Retrieves the complete HTML source codeof the current page.
● getPageSource Method: Returns the page's source asa string.
46. Clearing Input Fields
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class ClearInputField {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("inputFieldId")).clear();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
C
● learing Input: Demonstrates how to clear text froman input field.
● clear Method: Clears the value of the specified inputfield.
47. Using Explicit Wait
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class ExplicitWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elemen
tId")));
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
E
● xplicit Wait: Waits for a specific condition to occurbefore proceeding.
● ExpectedConditions: Provides various conditions towait for.
48. Taking a Screenshot After a Failed Test
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
public class ScreenshotOnFailure {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
driver.get("http://example.com");
driver.findElement(By.id("nonExistentElement")).click();
} catch (Exception e) {
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)
driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new
File("errorScreenshot.png"));
} finally {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
Explanation:
E
● rror Handling with Screenshot: Takes a screenshotif an exception occurs.
● try-catch-finally Block: Ensures the screenshot istaken during a failure.
49. Simulating Keyboard Actions
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class KeyboardActionsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("inputFieldId")))
.click()
.sendKeys("Hello")
.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER)
.perform();
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● Keyboard Actions: Simulates typing and pressing theEnter key.
● Actions Class: Allows chaining actions for more complex interactions.
50. Using ChromeOptions for Headless Mode
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
public class HeadlessModeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--headless");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
driver.get("http://example.com");
System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
● H eadless Mode: Runs Chrome in headless mode, whichmeans without a graphical
user interface.
● ChromeOptions: Used to configure Chrome browser settings,including running
headless.
ere’s a set of simple Java programs, each broken down into step-by-step explanations for
H
better understanding.
1. Hello World
java
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public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
public class HelloWorlddefinesa class named
1. Class Declaration:
HelloWorld
.
2. M ain Method: public static void main(String[] args)is the entry point for
any Java application. This method is where the program starts executing.
3. Print Statement: System.out.println("Hello, World!");outputs the text
"Hello, World!" to the console.
2. Add Two Numbers
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = num1 + num2;
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Import Scanner: import java.util.Scanner;allows us to use the Scannerclass
for user input.
2. Create Scanner Object: Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
initializes a scanner to read input from the console.
3. Input First Number: The program prompts the user toenter the first number and stores
num1
it in .
num2
4. Input Second Number: It prompts for the second numberand stores it in .
int sum = num1 + num2;adds the twonumbers.
5. Calculate Sum:
6. O System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);prints the sum to the
utput Result:
console.
7. Close Scanner: scanner.close();closes the scannerto prevent resource leaks.
3. Find the Maximum of Three Numbers
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class MaxOfThree {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter three numbers: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
int num3 = scanner.nextInt();
int max = Math.max(num1, Math.max(num2, num3));
System.out.println("Maximum number: " + max);
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Input Three Numbers: The user is prompted to enterthree numbers.
1
2. Calculate Maximum: The Math.max()method finds thelargest number among the
three by comparing them.
. O
3 utput Result: The maximum number is printed to the console.
4. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
4. Check Even or Odd
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class EvenOdd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
if (number % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(number + " is even.");
} else {
System.out.println(number + " is odd.");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Input a Number: The user is prompted to enter a number.
1
2. Check Even or Odd: The program checks if the numberis even by using the modulus
operator (
%). If
number % 2 == 0
, it means the numberis even; otherwise, it is odd.
3. Output Result: It prints whether the number is evenor odd.
4. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
5. Calculate Simple Interest
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class SimpleInterest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter principal amount: ");
double principal = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter rate of interest: ");
double rate = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter time in years: ");
double time = scanner.nextDouble();
double interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100;
System.out.println("Simple Interest: " + interest);
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Input Principal, Rate, and Time: The user inputs theprincipal amount, rate of interest,
and time in years.
2. Calculate Interest: The formula Interest=P×R×T100\text{Interest}= \frac{P \times R
\times T}{100}Interest=100P×R×Tcalculates the simple interest.
3. Output Result: The calculated interest is printedto the console.
4. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
6. Count Digits in a Number
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class CountDigits {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
int count = 0;
while (number != 0) {
number /= 10;
count++;
}
System.out.println("Number of digits: " + count);
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Input a Number: The user inputs a number.
1
whileloop divides the number by 10until it becomes 0, incrementing
2. Count Digits: A
ounteach time.
c
3. Output Result: The total number of digits is printed.
. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
4
7. Reverse a Number
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseNumber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
int reversed = 0;
while (number != 0) {
int digit = number % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit;
number /= 10;
}
System.out.println("Reversed Number: " + reversed);
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Input a Number: The user inputs a number.
1
2. Reverse Logic: A whileloop extracts the last digitof the number and builds the
reversed number by shifting the previous digits.
3. Output Result: The reversed number is printed.
4. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
8. Check Prime Number
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class PrimeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(number); i++) {
if (number % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
System.out.println(number + " is " + (isPrime && number > 1 ?
"a prime number." : "not a prime number."));
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Input a Number: The user inputs a number.
1
2. Prime Check Logic: A forloop checks for divisibilityfrom 2 up to the square root of the
number.
3. Output Result: It prints whether the number is primeor not based on the checks.
4. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
9. Factorial of a Number
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
int factorial = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}
System.out.println("Factorial: " + factorial);
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
.
1 Input a Number: The user inputs a number.
2. forloop multiplies all integersfrom 1 to the number.
Calculate Factorial: A
3. Output Result: The factorial result is printed.
4. Close Scanner: Closes the scanner.
10. Print Multiplication Table
java
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import java.util.Scanner;
public class MultiplicationTable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(number + " x " + i + " = " + (number *
i));
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Input a Number: The user inputs a number
4o mini
You said:
without scanner class find odd even number in java with detailed explanation
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
ure! Here’s a simple Java program to determine if a number is odd or even without using the
S
Scannerclass. Instead, we will use a predefined numberfor demonstration purposes.
Program: Check Even or Odd without Scanner
java
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public class EvenOdd {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Predefined number
int number = 10; // You can change this value to test other
numbers
// Check if the number is even or odd
if (number % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(number + " is even.");
} else {
System.out.println(number + " is odd.");
}
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation
1. Class Declaration:
○ public class EvenOdddefines a class named EvenOdd .In Java, every
program must have at least one class.
2. Main Method:
○ public static void main(String[] args)is the mainmethod where
the program execution begins. It's a required entry point for all Java applications.
3. Predefined Number:
○ int number = 10;initializes an integer variable named numberwith a value
o 10
f . You can change this value to test other numbers.
4. Check Even or Odd:
○ The program uses an ifstatement to check whetherthe number is even or odd.
○
number % 2 == 0 numberis
: This condition checks if the remainderwhen
2is
divided by 0
. If it is, the number is even.
ifstatement.
○ If the condition is true, it executes the first block of code within the
0), it executes the code in
○ If the condition is false (meaning the remainder is not
the elseblock.
5. Output Result:
○ System.out.println(number + " is even.");prints tothe console that
the number is even.
○ System.out.println(number + " is odd.");prints tothe console that
the number is odd, if the condition was false.
Example Output
number = 10
If you run the program with , the outputwill be:
csharp
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10 is even.
●
11
If you change the number to :
java
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int number = 11; // Change to 11
The output will be:
csharp
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11 is odd.
●
Summary
his program effectively checks whether a predefined number is even or odd without using any
T
numberto test different scenarios. This simple
user input. You can easily modify the value of
structure demonstrates basic conditional logic and arithmetic operations in Java.
4o mini
You said:
with array declaration
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
ertainly! Here’s a Java program that checks whether numbers in an array are even or odd.
C
This example will use an array of predefined integers, and we'll iterate through the array to
perform the even-odd check.
Program: Check Even or Odd for Array Elements
java
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public class EvenOddArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Predefined array of integers
int[] numbers = {10, 21, 34, 45, 60, 73, 88, 99}; // You can
modify these numbers
// Iterate through the array to check each number
for (int number : numbers) {
// Check if the number is even or odd
if (number % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(number + " is even.");
} else {
System.out.println(number + " is odd.");
}
}
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation
1. Class Declaration:
○ public class EvenOddArraydefines a class named
EvenOddArray .
2. Main Method:
○ public static void main(String[] args)is the entrypoint of the
program.
3. Array Declaration:
○ int[] numbers = {10, 21, 34, 45, 60, 73, 88, 99};initializes an
numberswith a set of integers. You canmodify these values to test
rray named
a
other numbers.
4. Iterate Through the Array:
○ for (int number : numbers)is an enhanced for loopthat iterates through
numbersarray. In each iteration,the current element is
each element in the
s number
tored in the variable .
5. Check Even or Odd:
numberis even or odd.
○ Inside the loop, the program checks whether the current
○
if (number % 2 == 0) number
: This condition checks if the remainder of
2is
divided by 0
. If true, the number is even.
ifstatement; if false, it
○ If true, it executes the code in the first block of the
xecutes the
e elseblock.
6. Output Result:
○ System.out.println(number + " is even.");prints thatthe number is
even if the condition is true.
○ System.out.println(number + " is odd.");prints thatthe number is
odd if the condition is false.
Example Output
When you run the program with the given array, the output will be:
sharp
c
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10 is even.
21 is odd.
34 is even.
45 is odd.
60 is even.
73 is odd.
88 is even.
99 is odd.
Summary
his program effectively checks each element in a predefined array of integers to determine if
T
they are even or odd. By using an array, you can easily manage and evaluate multiple values in
numbersarray to test different sets of
a concise manner. You can modify the contents of the
integers.
********************
1. Set Up WebDriver and Open a Browser
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class OpenBrowser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path for the ChromeDriver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize the ChromeDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a website
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Import Statements: Import necessary classes from theSelenium library.
1
chromedriverexecutable using
2. Set WebDriver Path: Specify the path to the
System.setProperty()
.
ChromeDriver
3. Initialize WebDriver: Create a new instance of .
driver.get()to navigate to thespecified URL.
4. Open a Website: Use
driver.quit()to close thebrowser and end the session.
5. Close the Browser: Call
2. Find an Element by ID
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByID {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Find an element by ID
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. Initialize WebDriver: Similar to the previous example.
1
2. Navigate to URL: Open the target webpage.
3. Find Element by ID: Use driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"))to locate
an element by its ID and click it.
4. Close the Browser: End the session withdriver.quit()
.
3. Find an Element by Class Name
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByClassName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Find an element by class name
driver.findElement(By.className("className")).click();
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. O
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
2. Navigate to URL: Access the webpage.
3. Find Element by Class Name: Use
driver.findElement(By.className("className"))to locateand click an
element by its class name.
4. Close the Browser: Use driver.quit()to terminatethe session.
4. Find an Element by Name
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FindElementByName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Find an element by name
driver.findElement(By.name("elementName")).sendKeys("Text to
enter");
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. O
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
2. Navigate to URL: Access the specified webpage.
3. F ind Element by Name: Use driver.findElement(By.name("elementName"))
to locate an element by its name and enter text.
4. Close the Browser: Terminate the session with driver.quit()
.
5. Get Page Title
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class GetPageTitle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Get the title of the page
String title = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println("Page title is: " + title);
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
.
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
O
2. Navigate to URL: Open the webpage.
3. Get Page Title: Call driver.getTitle()to retrievethe page title.
4. Print Title: Output the title to the console.
5. Close the Browser: Use driver.quit()to end the session.
6. Get Current URL
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class GetCurrentURL {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Get the current URL
String currentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl();
System.out.println("Current URL is: " + currentUrl);
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
.
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
O
2. Navigate to URL: Open the webpage.
3. Get Current URL: Call driver.getCurrentUrl()to retrievethe URL.
4. Print URL: Output the current URL to the console.
5. driver.quit()
Close the Browser: End the session with .
7. Navigate Back and Forward
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class NavigateBackAndForward {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Navigate to another page
driver.navigate().to("https://www.google.com");
// Navigate back to the previous page
driver.navigate().back();
// Navigate forward to the next page
driver.navigate().forward();
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. O
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
2. Navigate to Initial URL: Open the first webpage.
3. Navigate to Another Page: Use driver.navigate().to()to visit a new URL.
driver.navigate().back()to return tothe previous page.
4. Go Back: Call
driver.navigate().forward()to moveforward.
5. Go Forward: Call
driver.quit()to end the session.
6. Close the Browser: Use
8. Refresh the Page
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class RefreshPage {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Refresh the page
driver.navigate().refresh();
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. O
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
2. Navigate to URL: Open the target webpage.
3. Refresh the Page: Use driver.navigate().refresh()to reload the current page.
driver.quit()
4. Close the Browser: End the session with .
9. Handle Alerts
java
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import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class HandleAlerts {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Assume an alert pops up here
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
System.out.println("Alert message: " + alert.getText());
alert.accept(); // Clicks OK on the alert
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. O
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
2. Navigate to URL: Open the webpage.
driver.switchTo().alert()tofocus on the alert.
3. Switch to Alert: Use
alert.getText()
4. Get Alert Text: Retrieve the alert message with .
alert.accept()
5. Accept Alert: Click the OK button using .
driver.quit()to end the session.
6. Close the Browser: Use
10. Take a Screenshot
java
Copy code
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TakeScreenshot {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Take a screenshot
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)
driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("screenshot.png"));
driver.quit();
}
}
Step-by-Step Explanation:
. O
1 pen the Browser: Initialize the ChromeDriver.
2. Navigate to URL: Open the specified webpage.
3. Take a Screenshot: Use ((TakesScreenshot)
driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE)to capturethe screenshot.
FileUtils.copyFile()to savethe screenshot.
4. Save the Screenshot: Use
driver.quit()
5. Close the Browser: Terminate the session with .
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