Geometry Cheat Sheet

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Notation: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines:
Equation of a Line:
≅ congruent 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙: Perpendicular: Take
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
~ similar Same Slope negative reciprocal
∆ triangle ∆𝑦 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚=𝑚 𝑚 → − 1L𝑚
𝑚 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = =
∢ angle ∆𝑥 𝑟𝑢𝑛
∥ parallel 𝑏 = 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡
⊥ perpendicular
2222
𝐴𝐵 line segment AB Point Slope Form:
𝐴𝐵͡ arc AB 𝑦 − 𝑦! = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥! )
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Distance Formula: Law of Sins: Converting Degrees to Radians:
𝑑 = N(𝑥" − 𝑥! )" + (𝑦" − 𝑦! )" 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 π 𝜋
= = 𝑒𝑥: 60° × =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐶 180 3
Midpoint Formula: Law of Cosines: Converting Radians to Degrees:
𝑥" + 𝑥! 𝑦" + 𝑦! 𝑐 " = 𝑎" + 𝑏 " − 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 𝜋 180
𝑀=( , ) 𝑒𝑥: × = 60°
2 2 3 𝜋
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Angle of Elevation: SOH CAH TOA:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) =
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑔 ℎ 𝑢𝑠
𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑛
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐿𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑦
𝑥° 𝑥° 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
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Inverse Trig. Functions: Complimentary Angles:
1
𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥) = °
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(90° − 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) 𝑐𝑠𝑐(90 − 𝜃) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝜃)
1
𝑐𝑠𝑐(𝑥) = °
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(90° − 𝜃) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) 𝑠𝑒𝑐(90 − 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐(𝜃)
1
𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥) = °
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) 𝑡𝑎𝑛(90° − 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝜃) 𝑐𝑜𝑡(90 − 𝜃) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃)
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Probability: Conditional: 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) =
%(' ∩*)
%(')
n=Total number of objects And:
r=Number of chosen objects 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵) (Independent)
Permutation: 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × (𝐵|𝐴) (Dependent)
(Order matters)
Or:
Combinations: 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (Not Mutually Exclusive)
(Order doesn’t matter)
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃 (𝐵) (Mutually Exclusive)
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Transversals: Given two lines are parallel and are cut by a transversal line.
Alternate Interior Angles:
∢𝑐 = ∢𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∢𝑑 = ∢𝑒

Alternate Exterior Angles:

∢𝑎 = ∢ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∢𝑏 = ∢𝑔

Corresponding Angles:
∢𝑎 = ∢𝑒, ∢𝑏 = ∢𝑓, ∢𝑐 = ∢𝑔, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∢𝑑 = ∢ℎ

Supplementary Angles:
∢𝑐 + ∢𝑒 = 180° , ∢𝑑 + ∢𝑓 = 180° , ∢𝑎 + ∢𝑏 = 180° ,
∢𝑐 + ∢𝑑 = 180° , ∢𝑒 + ∢𝑓 = 180° , ∢𝑔 + ∢ℎ = 180°
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Properties of a Parallelogram: The following shapes are all
1) Opposite sides are parallel. Parallelograms:
2) Pairs of opposite sides are congruent. 1) Square (also a rhombus and a rectangle)
3) Pairs of opposite angles are congruent.
4) Diagonals bisect each other. 2) Rhombus
5) Diagonals separate parallelogram into 2 3) Rectangle
congruent triangles.
6) Interior angles add up to 360° .

Transformations:
Rotation of 90° : 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (−𝑦, 𝑥)
Reflection in the x-axis: 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (𝑥, −𝑦)
Rotation of 180° : 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (−𝑥, −𝑦)
Reflection in the y-axis: 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (−𝑥, 𝑦)
Rotation of 270° : 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (𝑦, −𝑥)
Reflection over the line y=x: 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (𝑦, 𝑥)
Dilation of n: 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (𝑥𝑛, 𝑦𝑛)
Reflection through the origin: 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (−𝑥, −𝑦)
Transformation to the left m units and up n units: 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦) → 𝐴$ (𝑥 − 𝑚, 𝑦 + 𝑛)

©MathSux. All rights reserved. 2

Congruent Triangles ≅: Similar Triangles ~:
SAS AA
SSS SSS
AAS SAS
HL –(only for right triangles) When proven use: Corresponding sides of
ASA similar triangles are in proportion.
When proven use: Corresponding parts of
congruent triangles are congruent (CPCTC)
Midpoint Triangles Theorem: Medians of a Trapezoid:
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 has midpoints at point D In a trapezoid, the length of median z
and point E. When points D and E are is equal to half the length of the sum
connected, the length of 2222
𝐷𝐸 is half the of both bases 𝑥 and 𝑦.
length of base 2222
𝐵𝐶 . 1
𝑧 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝐴 2
𝑥
𝐷 𝑥 𝐸 𝑧
𝐵 2𝑥 𝐶 𝑦
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Types of Triangles: External Angle Triangles Theorem:
Scalene: No sides are equal. When any side of a triangle is extended the
Equilateral: All sides are equal. value of its angle is supplementary to the
Isosceles: Two sides are equal. angle next to it (adding to 180° ). ex:

Acute: All angles are < 90° .

Obtuse: There is an angle > 90° .
40° + 140° = 180°
Right: There is an angle = 90° .
40° 140°
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Volume: Area: Perimeter:
, -
Sphere: 𝑉 = - 𝜋𝑟 !
Trapezoid: 𝐴 = " (𝑏! + 𝑏" )ℎ Rectangle:𝑃 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤
"
Cylinder: 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ ! Square:𝑃 = 4𝑠
! Triangle: 𝐴 = " 𝑏ℎ Circle: Circumference = 𝜋𝑑
Pyramid: 𝑉 = - 𝑏ℎ
Rectangle:𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
!
Cone: 𝑉 = - 𝜋𝑟 - Square: 𝐴 = 𝑠 " Pythagorean Theorem:
Prism: 𝑉 = 𝑏ℎ Circle: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 " 𝑎" + 𝑏" = 𝑐 "
Polygon Angle Formulas: How to Prove Circles Congruent ≅:
n=number of sides Circles are equal if they have congruent
!./(01")
Value of each Interior Angle: radii, diameters, circumference, and/or area.
0
Sum of Interior Angles: 180(𝑛 − 2)
-2/
Value of each Exterior Angle: 0
Sum of Exterior Angles:360°

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Parts of a Circle:
Central Angles=Measure of Arc

͡
∢𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵

͡ = 90°
∢𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 90° and 𝐴𝐵

𝟏 𝟏
Inscribed Angle=𝟐Arc Tangent/Chord Angle =𝟐 𝑨𝒓𝒄

𝟏
Angle formed by Two Intersecting Chords=𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒔
∢𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 25° and 𝐴𝐵͡ = 50° ∢𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 80° and 𝐴𝐵͡ = 160°
1
∢𝐵𝐸𝐴 = ( 𝐴𝐵 ͡ + 𝐶𝐷
͡ )
2
1
∢𝐵𝐸𝐴 = (120° + 50° )
2
1
∢𝐵𝐸𝐴 = (170° )
2
∢𝐵𝐸𝐴 = 85°

𝟏
Tangents=𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒓𝒄
1
͡ − 𝐵𝐶
∢𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝐵𝐷𝐶 ͡ )
2
1
∢𝐵𝐴𝐶 = (200° − 40° )
2
1
∢𝐵𝐴𝐶 = (160° )
2
∢𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 80°
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 𝟏
Angle formed by two Secants = 𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒓𝒄

1
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = (𝐴𝐷͡ − 𝐵𝐸͡ )
2
1
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = (120° − 30° )
2
1
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = (90° )
2
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 45°

𝟏
Angle formed by a Secant and Tangent =𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝒓𝒄
1
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = ( 𝐴𝐷͡ − 𝐵𝐷
͡ )
2
1
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = (180° − 70° )
2
1
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = (110° )
2
∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 55°

Circle Theorems:

In a circle In a circle when

when a two inscribed
tangent and angles
radius come intercept the
to touch, the same arc, the
form a 90° angles are
angle. congruent.

∢𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 90° and ∢𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 90° ∢𝐴 ≅ ∢𝐵

In a circle When a
when an quadrilateral is
angle is inscribed in a
inscribed by circle, opposite
a semicircle, angles are
it forms a supplementary.
90° angle.

∢𝐵𝐴𝐶 ≅ 90° ∢𝐴 + ∢𝐶 = 180° and ∢𝐵 + ∢𝐷 = 180°

©MathSux. All rights reserved. 5

 In a circle when In a circle when
central angles central angles
are congruent, are congruent,
arcs are also chords are also
congruent. (and congruent. (and
vice versa) vice versa)

͡ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
∢𝐶𝑂𝐷 ≅ ∢𝐴𝑂𝐵 Therefore, 𝐴𝐵 ͡ ͡ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
∢𝐶𝑂𝐷 ≅ ∢𝐴𝑂𝐵 Therefore, 𝐴𝐵 ͡

Perimeter, Area and Volume:

Shape Perimeter Area Volume

𝑐 1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏
𝑎 𝑃=𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 2
Triangle
𝑏

s
𝑃=4𝑠 𝐴 = 𝑠"
Square

l
𝑃=2𝑙+2𝑤 𝐴 =𝑙×𝑤
Rectangle w

𝑎 1
𝐴 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ
𝑐 𝑃=𝑎+𝑏+2𝑐 2
Trapezoid ℎ

𝑙
𝑃=2𝑙+2𝑤 𝐴 =𝑙×ℎ
Parallelogram 𝑤 ℎ

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 𝑑 𝐶=𝜋𝑑 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 "
Circle

Sphere 𝑑 𝑆𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 " 4

𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 #
3

Cylinder 𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 " + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 " ℎ

ℎ

Cone 1
ℎ 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 " ℎ
𝑟 3

ℎ 1
Pyramid 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤 ℎ
𝑤 3

Rectangular Prism
𝑙
𝑤
𝑆𝐴 = 2(𝑙𝑤 + 𝑤ℎ + 𝑙ℎ) 𝑉 =𝑙×𝑤×ℎ
ℎ

Cube 𝑆𝐴 = 6𝑠 " 𝑉 = 𝑠#
𝑠

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