9

Mathematics

i
Mathematics 9 – Quarter 3
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 3 – Lesson 9: Solving Problems Involving Triangle Similarity and Right
Triangles
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City

Development Team of the Module

Writer’s Name : Noreen O. Daño, TI

Editors’ & Reviewers’ Name : Rebecca P. Toring, PSDS District 5
: Rowena G. Sagarino, Principal II
: Josephine C. Daño, MT I
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ii
 What I Need to Know

This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the key concepts of parallelograms and triangle similarity. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Solves problems that involve triangle similarity and right triangles

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 9.1 Solves problems that involve triangle similarity
 Lesson 9.2 Solves problems that involve right triangles

After going through this module, student/s will:

Solves problems that involve triangle similarity and right triangles.

What I know

Direction: Read the following items carefully. Then choose the letter of the
correct answer and write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. With respect to the given angle, what is the ratio of the hypotenuse to the opposite
side?
A. sine B. cosine C. tangent D. cosecant
2. Which of the following statements is correct? x
𝑦
A. x = 8 C. sin 60° = 4 60°
60°
1 4
B. sin 30° = 𝑥 D. cos 60° = 𝑥 4 y

3. In the triangle PQR. What is the length of PQ? P 13 cm

P
A. 1 cm C. 9 cm
B. 5 cm D. 12 cm Q R
P 12 cm P
4. The expression 2 (sin 30°) – tan 45° is equal to
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. -1
5. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 6 cm, 10 cm, ad 13 cm. What kind of a
triangle is it?
A. Regular Triangle C. Right Triangle
B. Acute Triangle D. Obtuse Triangle

1
6. What is the perimeter of 30-60-90 triangle whose shorter leg is 5 inches long?
A. 5√3 cm C. 15 + √3 cm
B. 15 + 5√3 cm D. 10 + 5√3 cm
7. The ratio of the volumes of the two similar rectangular prisms is 125:64. What is
the ratio of their base areas?
A. 25:16 B. 25:4 C. 4:5 D. 5:4
8. A map is drawn to the scale of 1 cm :150 m. if the distance between towns A and
B measures 8.5 cm on the map, determine the approximate distance between these
towns.
A. 2175 m B. 1725 m C. 1275 m D. 2715 m
9. The ratio of the sides of the original triangle to its enlarged version is 1:3. The
enlarged triangle is expected to have
A. sides that are thrice as long as the original
B. an area that is thrice as large as the original
C. sides that are one- third the lengths of the original
D. angle that are thrice the measurement of the original
10. A kite held by 125 m of string makes an angle of elevation with the ground of 45°.
About how high Is the kite above the ground?
A. 62.8 m B. 75.1 m C. 88.4 n D. 113.6 m
11. From the top of a barn 7.62 m high, you see a cat on the ground. The angle of
depression of the cat is 40°. How many meters must the cat walk to reach the barn?
A. 9.08 m B. 9.80 m C. 9.81 m D. 9.18 m
12. ABCD is a parallelogram. If ABA is 8 cm long, BC is 5 cm and their included
angle measures 100°, how long is diagonal AC?
A. 12.95 cm B. 12.59 cm D. 10.40 cm D. 10.14 cm
13. A balloon is 50 m high. Its angle of elevation from observer A is 45° and from
observer B it is 30°. What is the maximum distance between the two observers?
Express your answer to the nearest meter.
A. 36 m B. 37 m C. 38 m D. 39 m

14. With the sun, a girl 1.4 m tall casts a 3.6 m shadow. Find the angle of elevation
from the tip of the shadow to the sun. Express your answer to the nearest degree.
A. 19° B. 20° C. 21° D. 22°
15. You are walking along a straight level path toward a mountain. At one point the
angle of elevation of the top of the mountain is 40°. As you walk 250 m closer, the
angle of elevation is 45°. How high is the mountain? Express your answer to the
nearest meter.
A. 1304 m B. 1340 m C. 1034 m D. 1043 m

2
 Lesson 9.1
Solves Problems Involving Triangle Similarity

What’s In
If two angles of a triangle have measures equal to the measures of two angles of
another triangle, then the triangles are similar. Corresponding sides
of similar polygons are in proportion, and corresponding angles of similar polygons
have the same measure.
Two triangles are SIMILAR (~) if any of the following is true.
1. AA(Angle-Angle)
The two angles of one triangle are equal to the two angles of the other
triangle.
2. SAS(Side-Angle-Side)
Two sides are in the same proportion, and their included angle is equal.
3. SSS(Side-Side-Side)
The three sides are in the same proportion.

What’s New
Let’s Be Fair – Proportion Please!

Fig. Ratios or Rates Proportional Quantities

3 ft: 36 in = 4 ft: 48 in
A Feet: Inches

B Shorter Segment: Thicker Segment

3 min: 60 m = 6 min: 120 m
C Minutes: Meters

1: 80 pesos = 3: 240 peos

D Kilograms of Mango: Amount Paid

3
 What Is It
Solving problems that involves similar triangles. Let us study these examples.
Examples:
1. In the triangle ABC shown below, A’C’ is parallel to AC. Find the length y of BC’
and the length x of A’A.
 Solution:
 BA is a transversal that intersects the two parallel
lines A’C’ and AC, hence the corresponding angles
BA’C’ and BAC are congruent. BC is also a
transversal to the two parallel lines A’C’ and AC
and therefore angles BC’A’ and BCA are
congruent. These two triangles have two
congruent angles are therefore similar and the
lengths of their sides are proportional. Let us
separate the two triangles as shown below.

 We now use the proportionality of the

lengths of the side to write equations
that help in solving for x and y.
(𝟑𝟎+𝒙) 𝟐𝟐 (𝒚+𝟏𝟓)
= =
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝒚
 An equation in x may be written as
follows.
(𝟑𝟎+𝒙) 𝟐𝟐
=
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟒
 Solve the above for x.
420 + 14x = 660
x = 17.1 (rounded to one decimal place).
 An equation in y may be written as follows.
𝟐𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓)
=
𝟏𝟒 𝒚
 Solve the above for y to obtain.
y = 26.25
2. A research team wishes to determine the altitude of a
mountain as follows (see figure below): They use light
source at L, mounted on a structure of height 2 meters, to
shine a beam of light through the top of a pole P’ through
the top of the mountain M’. The height of the pole is 20
meters. The distance between the pole and the laser is 10
meters. We assume that the light source mount, the pole
and the altitude of the mountain are in the same plane.
Find the altitude h of the mountain.
 Solution
 We first draw a horizonal line LM. PP’ and MM’ are vertical to the ground and
therefore parallel to each other. Since PP’ and MM’ are parallel, the triangles LPP’
and LMM’ are similar. Hence the proportionality of the sides gives:
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 (𝒉−𝟐)
=
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟖
 Solve for h to obtain
H = 180 meters.

4
 𝐴𝐵
3. The two triangles are similar and the ratio of the lengths of their sides is equal to k: =
𝐴′𝐵′
𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐻
= = k. Find the ratio of the lengths of the altitudes of the two triangles.
𝐵′𝐶′ 𝐶′𝐴′ 𝐵′𝐻′

 Solution
 If the two triangles are similar, their corresponding
angles are congruent. Hence angle BAH and B’A’H
are congruent. We now examine the triangles BAH
and B’A’H’ and the right triangles BHA and B’H’A’.
The triangles are similar and therefore:
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑯
 = =k
𝑨′𝑩′ 𝑩′𝑯′

4. ABC is a right triangle. AM is perpendicular from vertex A to the hypotenuse BC of the

triangle. How many similar triangles are there?
 Solution
 Consider triangles ABC and MBA. They
have two corresponding congruent
angles: the right angle and angle B.
They are similar. Also triangles ABC
and MAC have two congruent angles:
the right angle and angle C. Therefore
there are three similar triangles: ABC,
MBA and MAC.
5. The triangles shown below ae
similar. Find the exact values of a and b
shown on the figures below.
 Solution
 In similar triangles, the ratios of
corresponding sides are preserved. To
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑨
find a, we write the ratio for both triangles.
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑪
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑨 𝒂 𝟖 4 in. b
B a B 8in
=𝟓=𝟕 .
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑪
A A
 We now solve for a. C C
𝒂 𝟖 4 in. 7 in.
= 𝟕 multiply both sides by 35
𝟓
7a = 40 divide by 7
𝟒𝟎
a= 𝟕
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑩
 Similarly, we can find b by writing the ratio for both triangles.
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑪
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑩 𝟒 𝒃
=𝟓=𝟕
𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑪
 We now solve the equation for b.
𝟒 𝒃
= 𝟕 multiply both sides by 35
𝟓
28 = 5b divide by 5
𝟐𝟖
b=
𝟓
𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝟖
 Thus a = in. and b = in.
𝟕 𝟓

5
 What’s More
Find the values of x based on the figures below.
1.

What I have learned

Let us check your learning by completing the sentences below. (One word per blank)
Two triangles can be similar if corresponding sides of similar polygons are in
_______, and corresponding angles of similar polygons have the same _______.

What I can do
The picture below shows two similar right triangles. Find the exact
values of x and y.
1.

Lesson 9.2
Solves Problems that Involves Right Triangle

What I know
The concepts of trigonometric ratios are essential in solving problems
involving right triangles can be anchored on these concepts. There are six
trigonometric ratios, sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent.
These six trigonometric ratios are abbreviated as sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, cot.

6
 What’s New
The Perfect Match!
Using figures 1 and 2, match each trigonometric concept found in
column A with the correct ratio found in Column B.

Column A Column B
𝑏
1. tan A a. 𝑐
𝑝
2. cos A b. 𝑞
𝑞
3. sin P c.
𝑟
𝑟
4. cot P d. 𝑝
𝑎
5. sec P e. 𝑏

What Is It

Solves problems involving Right Triangles. See figures and example below:

Example 1. Find the area of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is equal to 10 cm and one of
its sides is 6 cm.
 Solution:
 Given the hypotenuse and one of the sides, we use the Pythagorean theorem to find
the second side x as follows
x2 + 62 = 102
 Solve for x
x = √ (10 2 - 6 2) = 8
 Area of the triangle = (1 / 2) height × base
The two sides of a right triangle make a right angle and
may therefore be considered as the height and the base.
Hence
 Area of the triangle = (1 / 2) 6 × 8 = 24 cm 2

7
Example 2. One side of a triangle has a length that is 2 meters less that its hypotenuse and
its second side have a length that is 4 meters less that its hypotenuse. Find the perimeter of
the triangle.

 Solution
 Let x be the hypotenuse of the right triangle. One side is
x - 2 and the other is x - 4 as shown below. We need to
find in order to find that sides and then the perimeter.
 Use the Pythagorean to write
x 2 = (x - 2) 2 + (x - 4) 2
 Expand and group to obtain the quadratic equation
x 2 - 12 x + 20 = 0
 Solve to find two solutions
x = 2 and x = 10
 Calculate the sides and perimeter for each solution
hypotenuse: x = 2, side 1: x - 2 = 0 and side 2: x - 4 = - 2
 The sides of a triangle cannot be zero or negative and therefore x = 2 is not a
solution to the given problem.
hypotenuse: x = 10, side 1: x - 2 = 8 and side 2: x - 4 = 6
 Perimeter = hypotenuse + side 1 + side 2 = 10 + 8 + 6 = 24 units.
Example 3. Find the perimeter of an equilateral triangle whose height is 60 cm.

 Solution:
 An equilateral triangle with side x is shown below with
height CH = 60 cm. Since it is an equilateral the height
CH split the base (segment) AB into two equal
segments of size x / 2.
 We use the Pythagorean theorem on triangle CHB (or
CHA) to write
x 2 = 60 2 + (x / 2) 2
 Expand the above equation and rewrite as
3 x 2 / 4 = 3600
 Solve for x and take the positive solution since x is the size of the side of the triangle
and must be positive.
x = 40 √3 cm
 Perimeter = 3 x = 120 √3 cm

8
  The angle of elevation is the angle between the horizontal line of sight and the line of
sight up to an object. For example, if you are standing on the ground looking up at
the top of a mountain, you could measure the angle of elevation. The angle of
depression is the angle between the horizontal line of sight and the line of sight down
to an object. For example, if you were standing on top of a hill or a building, looking
down at an object, you could measure the angle of depression.
3. You are standing 20 feet away from a tree, and you measure the angle of elevation to
be 38∘. How tall is the tree?
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑇
 tan 38° = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 20
𝑇
 tan 38° =
20
 T = 20 tan 38°
 Height of tree = 20.63 ft.

4. You are standing on top of a building, looking at a

park in the distance. The angle of depression is 53∘. If
the building you are standing on is 100 feet
tall, how far away is the park? Does your
height matter?
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑
 tan 37° = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 100
𝑑
 tan 37° =
100
 d = 100 tan 37°
 d = 75.36 ft.

What’s More

8.2 Which of the following may be the lengths of the sides of a right angled triangle?
a) (2 , 3 , 4) b) (12 , 16 , 20) c) (3√2 , 3√2 , 6)

What I have learned

Let us check your learning by completing the sentences below. (One word per blank)

The concepts of ________ are essential in solving problems involving right

triangles can be anchored on these concepts. There are ________ trigonometric
ratios, sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent.

9
 What I can do
Solve the following:

1. Solve the triangle for:

a. angle B

b. side b
c. side a
2. Find the distance of a boat from a lighthouse if the lighthouse is 100
meters tall, and the angle of depression is 6°.

Assessment

Read each item carefully and answer accordingly.

𝑎 5
1. If = , then 3a = ____.
𝑏 3
A. 3b B. 10b C. 5b D. 6b
2. What is the measure of angle A in the right triangle shown at the right?
A. 17° B. 27° C. 17° D. 90°

3. Write a similarity statement for the triangles.

A. ∆CDE ∼ ∆FHG C. ∆CDE ∼ ∆FGH
B. ∆CED ∼ ∆FGH D. ∆EDC ∼ ∆FGH

4. What is the value of the side x in the right triangle below?

A. 1 B. 9 C. 20 D. 3

5. In a right triangle, the measure of one of the angles is 49° and the hypotenuse has a
length of 50 cm. Which of the following is the nearest approximation to the length, in cm, of
the leg opposite to this angle?
A. 32.8 B. 57.5 C. 37.7 D. 30.3
6. In the right triangle ABC below, angle A measures 30° and the length of AC is 8 units.
Find the length of BC

A. 8 / √ 3 B. 4 / √ 3 C. 4 D. 8

10
7. In the right triangle below, what is sin α?
A. 13 / 9 C. 13 √10 / 50
B. 9 / 13 D. 13 / 24

For items 8 & 9: Write the ratio as a fraction in simplest form.

8. 30: 48
1 5 4 8
A. B. C. D.
5 8 8 5

9. 24 to 20
1 6 24 5
A. B. C. D.
4 5 20 6
10. A building 50 ft high casts a 75-ft shadow. Sarah casts a 6-ft shadow. The triangle
formed by the building and its shadow is similar to the triangle formed by Sarah and her
shadow. How tall is Sarah?

A. 4 ft B. 5 ft C. 3 ft D. not here
11. Find the length of AC in the right triangle shown.
A. 9 C. 18 √2
B. 9 √2 D. 18

12. Find the length of the hypotenuse in the right triangle below where x is a real number.

A. 5 C. 25
B. 10 D. √ 5

13. Find the area of a square whose diagonal is 40 meters. Find the area of a square whose
diagonal is 40 meters.
A. 80 m2 B. 800 m2 C. 1600 m2 D. 40 m2

14. In the figure below BC is perpendicular to AD, CD = 8, the measure of angle D is 60° and
the measure of angle A is 45°. Find the length of AB

A. 8 √6 C. 8 √2
B. 8 √3 D. 8

15. What is the length of AB in the figure shown.

A. 12 √2
B. 12
C. 12 √3
D. 12 √6

11
ANSWER KEY

Pre- Assessment What I Can Do 9.1

1. D 11. A 1. x = 3.75

2. D 12. D 2. y = 9.75

3. B 13. B What’s More

4. A 14. A 1. a = 35/4 or 8.75

5. D 15. A 2. 60/7

6. A What I Can Do 9.2

7. D 1. angle B = 54°
8. C b. side b = 5.88
9. A c. side a = 8.1
10. C 2. d = 951.4

Assessment

1. C 11. B

2. B 12. D

3. C 13. B

4. D 14. A

5. C 15. C

6. A

7. C

8. B

9. B

10. A

12
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https://owlcation.com/stem/Everything-About-Triangles-and-More-Isosceles-Equilateral-Scalene-Pythagoras-Sine-and-Cosine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_(geometry)#Similar_triangles
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edition.html
https://xceleratemath.com/measurement/trigonometry-elevation-and-depression
https://www.urbanpro.com/class-ix-x-tuition/angle-of-elevation-and-depression
https://www.calculator.net/right-triangle-calculator.html
https://im.kendallhunt.com/HS/students/2/3/14/index.html
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https://www.mvschools.org/cms/lib03/CA01001212/Centricity/Domain/135/Triangles%20practice_c%20copy.pdf

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