PHYS101 Formula Sheet (midterm)
Print, annotate (not more than would fit with standard 12-pt font size), and bring to your exam.
General equations
√
2 −b ± b2 − 4ac
Solution to quadratic equation: ax + bx + c = 0 ⇒ x =
2a
Vectors a, b with interior angle θ: a · b = ab cos θ, |a + b|2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab cos θ
opposite side adjacent side
Right triangles: sin θ = hypothenuse
, cos θ = hypothenuse
2
Acceleration due to gravity: g = 9.81 m/s (near Earth’s surface)
Kinematics
Constant acceleration: v = v0 + at, x = x0 + v0 t + 21 at2 , v 2 = v02 + 2a · (x − x0 )
v 2 sin 2θ
Range equation: R =
g
Reference frames: vX rel. to Y = vX rel. to Z + vZ rel. to Y
Dynamics
∆p
Newton’s second law: Fnet = ma =
∆t
Force of friction: Ff r,k = µk F N , Ff r,s ≤ µs FN
Circular motion and gravity
Uniform circular motion velocity: v = ωr, ω = 2π
T
v2 2 mv 2
Centripetal acceleration and force: aC = = rω , FC = = mrω 2
r 2 r
v
Banked curve, frictionless surface: tan θ =
rg
Gm1 m2
Force of gravity: F = 2
; G = 6.67×10−11 N m2 /kg2
r
T2 4π 2
Circular orbits around heavy mass M : = , GM = rv 2
r3 GM
Work and energy
Work: W = F · ∆x
Kinetic energy: KE = 21 mv 2
Work-energy theorem: KEinit + Wnet = KEfinal
Extended work-energy principle: KEinit + PEinit + Wnon−cons. = KEfinal + PEfinal
Gravitational PE: PEgrav = mgh (near Earth’s surface)
Elastic PE: PEspring = 21 kx2
Hooke’s law: F = −kx
Power: power = energy/time = W/t
