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Ancient Times (Sts10 Report)

The document discusses the historical antecedents in which social considerations influenced the development of science and technology from ancient to modern times, particularly in the Philippines. It highlights various civilizations such as the Sumerians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Chinese, detailing their contributions to engineering, architecture, writing, and other fields. The text emphasizes the importance of these advancements in addressing societal needs and fostering cultural exchanges.

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Errole Augusto Maxey
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12 views41 pages

Ancient Times (Sts10 Report)

The document discusses the historical antecedents in which social considerations influenced the development of science and technology from ancient to modern times, particularly in the Philippines. It highlights various civilizations such as the Sumerians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Chinese, detailing their contributions to engineering, architecture, writing, and other fields. The text emphasizes the importance of these advancements in addressing societal needs and fostering cultural exchanges.

Uploaded by

Errole Augusto Maxey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS

IN WHICH SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED
THE COURSE OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
STS10
IN THE WORLD:
ANCIENT, MIDDLE
AND MODERN AGES
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
ANCIENT TIMES
In the ancient times, people
were concerned with
transportation and navigation,
communication and record
keeping, mass production,
security and protection, as well
as health, aesthetics, and
architechture.
TRANSPORTATION
Transportation was significant during that time because people
were trying to go places and discover new horizons. Navigation
assisted them in their journeys to unfamiliar and strange areas in
the world.

COMMUNICATION
This also essential in their endeavors to discover and occupy new
places. They needed a way to communicate with the natives of the
areas they visited so as to facilitate trade and prevent possible
conflicts.
WEAPONS AND ARMORS
This is important as well in the discovery of new places or the
establishment of new alliances with other tribes.
Stronger nations tended to invade weaker ones so they could take
much needed resources. As such, development of weapons and armors
for security and protection was considered a major achievement.
CONSERVATION OF LIFE
This is the primary challenge they faced.
The early people have been successful in harnessing the rich
resources but their survival posed a great problem. different illness
and diseases both natural, and man-made. STS played a major role in
discovering of cures, if not the prevention of, illnesses.
Moreover, in order to integrate their needs for
better transportation, establishments of
structures for protection from human attacks
and natural disaster, and construction of bigger
and stronger infrastructures, people venture
into what is now known as the field of
ENGINEERING.
ENGINEERING
The development in this field allowed humans to build resources that
would address their specific needs and wants.

The development in engineering also ushered in the introduction of


architecture.

ARCHITECTURE
During the ancient times, elaborate of architectural designs
were signs of technological advancements of a particular
civilization.
ENGINEERING
The development in this field allowed humans to build resources that
would address their specific needs and wants.

The development in engineering also ushered in the introduction of


architecture.

ARCHITECTURE
During the ancient times, elaborate of architectural designs
were signs of technological advancements of a particular
civilization.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
Sumeria located on the southernmost tip of
ancient Mesopotamia. Dumerians are known
for their high degree of cooperations with
one another and their desire for great things.
Sumerians are not contented with the basic
things that life can offer. This desire push
them to develop many things connected with
science and technology.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
CUNEIFORM (2400 BC)
One of the major contributions
of the Sumerians ithe
development of the first writing
system.
This allowed the Sumerians to
keep records of things with great
historical value or their everyday
life.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
URUK CITY
Another important contribution
of the Sumerians is the City of
Uruk.

The Sumerians able to build this


city using only MUD and CLAY
from the river.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR
The ziggurat served as the sacred
place of their cheif god, where
only their priest were allowed to
enter.
This is called the Mountain of
God, was built in the same
manner as the City of Uruk.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
IRRIGATION AND DIKES
The Sumerians created dikes and
irrigation canals to bring water to
farmlands and at the same time
controlthe flooding river.
This method was considered as
one of the world’s most
beneficial engineering works.
Because of this Sumerians
increased their food production.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
SAILBOATS
Another challenge to the Sumerians
was transportation. At that time
wheel was not yet invented.
Theyneeded a mode of
transportation that did not require
much human resources. Sailboats
were essential in transportation and
trading as well as in fostering
culture, infrmation and technology.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
WHEEL
Later on, the Sumerians were able to
invent the wheel.
The first wheel were not made for
transportation but for farm works and
food processes. With the use of wheel
and axe, farmers were able to mill
grains with less effort in less time.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
THE PLOW
The plow was invented to dig
the ground in a faste pase. With
this too, farmers could cultivate
larger parcels of land faster
enabling them to mass produce
food without taking so much
efforts and time.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
ROADS
In order to facilitate faster and easier travel, the
Sumerians developed the first roads.
The invention of roads was very useful especially
during rainy season when traveling in soft and muddy
roads proved to be too difficult.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
The civilization emerged near the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers. The Babylonians were greart
builders, engineers, and architects.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON
It was said to be a structure
made up of layers of gardens
that contained several species
of plants, trees, and vines.
According to legends, the great
Babylonian King
Nebuchadnezzar II built the
gardens for his wife Queen
Amytis.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON

However, no physical evidence


has been found to prove the
existence of the Hanging
Gardens of Babylon.
True or not, hearing the stories
and description of the place
would be enough to inspire awe
to anyone.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
This civilization is famous of its legacy located
in North Africa. Egyptians have contributed
other practical things that the world now
considers as essential.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
PAPER OR PAPYRUS

Papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile river in
Egypt. They were able to process that plant in order to produne
thin sheets on which one could write down things.
Record keeping was no longer a problem since documents
would not take huge storage spaces.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
INK
The ink invented by Egyptians is the combination of soot
with different chemicals to produce ink of different colors.
It must be tamper proof so that people could not simple
tinker with those written down by authorities.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
HIEROGLYPHICS
Hieroglyphics is a system of
writing used by Egyptians,
using the symbols. The
Egyptian believed that this
writing system was provided to
them by their gods.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
COSMETICS
Egyptian wore kohl around the
eyes to prevent and even cure
eye diceased.
Egyptians believed that the
person wearing make-up was
protected from evil and that
beauty was a sign of holiness.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
WIG
During the Egyptian times, wigs
were worn for health and
wellness rather than aesthetic
purposes.
The wigs were used to protect
the shaved heads of the
wealthy from the harmful rays
of sun
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
WATER CLOCK/CLEPSYDRA
This device utilizes gravity
that affects the flow of water
from one vessel to the
another.
The water clock was widely
used as a time keeping
device during the ancient
times.
GREEK CIVILIZATION
Known as a birthplace of western philosophy.
Greek Civilization has contributed much to the
world especially in the fields of science and
technology.
GREEK CIVILIZATION
ALARM CLOCK
Used to tell an individual
when to start or when to
stop.
One of the most utilized
gadget today was invented
by ancient Greeks.

Plato’s Alarm clock


GREEK CIVILIZATION
WATER MILL

Commonly used in agricultural processes,


they only required access to rivers or
flowing water where a mechanism of large
wheel with small “buckets” of water
attached to it.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
The Roman Empire was perceived to be the
strongest political and social entity in the west.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
NEWSPAPER
The first newspapers,
known as gazettes,
contained
announcements of the
Roman Empire to the
people.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
BOUND BOOKS OR CODEX
According to sources, Julius Caesar
started the tradition of stacking up
papyrus to form pages of a book. To
protect The papyrus, they were able to
provide cover made of wax and
replaced into animal skin proved that is
stronger and long lasting.
The ancient Roman Empire was able to produced the first book of
codex.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
ROMAN ARCHITECHTURE
Roman Architechture is one
of the most visual
contributions of the ancient
Roman Empire to the World.
This considered a
continuation of Greek
Architechture, hence the
resemblance.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
ROMAN NUMERALS
Since the Roman Empire was
expanding, it had to deal with
many nations to maintain its
power. For this reason
Romans devised their own
number system.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
Considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia. Also
known as the middle kingdom, it was famous
among other ancient civilizations because of its silk
trade.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
SILK
One of the things that
connected Far East China to
the world is silk.
The silk trade opened China
to the outside world, making
way for cultural, economic,
and scientific exchanges.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
TEA PRODUCTION
Tea production was developed
when an unknown Chinese
inventor created a machine that
was able to shred tea leaves inti
strips.
Because of this invention, the
Chinese were able to increase
their production of tea and trade
with other nations.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
Considered the only man-made
structure that could be seen from
outer space, it was constructed to
keep out foreign invaders and
control the borders of China.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
GUNPOWDER
Originally developed by Chinese
alchemists who aimed to achieved
immortality.
Used to propel bullets from guns
and cannons which cause countless
of deaths. On the other hand it’s Earliest Gunpowder formula
also used in fireworks during
important celebration in China.
THANK YOU
VERY MUCH!

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