WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTINGWORKS -

PO 1369043 - LNG JETTY 3

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UNIT 7000

JETTY & MATERIAL OFFLOADING FACILITIES

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“NLNG TRAIN7”
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All rights reserved.

DISCIPLINE: CNS

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7

Company Project No: B190170NTP
Contractor Project No: N88480
NIGERIA LNG LTD
PAGE 1 OF 54

UNIT: 7000 WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING

Company Doc No: T-14.472.478
WORKS - PO 1369043 - LNG JETTY 3
Contractor Doc No: LG70-ZX-E-72478
PO NUMBER CHINA HARBOUR ENGINEERING COMPANY
(NIG.) LTD Vendor Doc No: CHEC-T7-CONS-WMS-PTW-004
1369043
 CONTENTS
CONTENTS.................................................................. 2

1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................4

2 Objective of pile load tests ............................................................... 4

3 Scope of work ...................................................................... 5

4 TEST LOADS..................................................................... 6

5 References ............................................................................ 8

6 resources ............................................................................. 9

6.1 Manpower ...................................................................... 10

6.2 Plant and equipment ............................................................. 11

7 Detailed description of the static load test method .......................................... 11

7.1 Static Compression Load Test ...................................................... 12

7.1.1 Testing method ............................................................ 13

7.1.2 Loading Equipment ......................................................... 14

7.1.3 Observation Equipment ..................................................... 14

7.1.4 Test Arrangement .......................................................... 14

7.1.5 Test Procedure ............................................................ 18

7.2 Static Tensile Load Test ........................................................... 22

7.2.1 Reaction System ........................................................... 22

7.2.2 Test procedure ............................................................ 24

7.3 Test Report ..................................................................... 26

8 Dynamic Load Testing ................................................................. 27

8.1 Test Method .................................................................... 27

8.2 Testing Apparatus ............................................................... 29

8.3 Testing Procedure ............................................................... 30

8.4 Test Report .................................................................... 32

9 Health / safety / environmental provisions ................................................. 32

9.1 Quality ......................................................................... 33

9.2 Health and Safety ................................................................ 33

9.3 Environmental Protection ......................................................... 34

10 Time Schedule ....................................................................... 35

11 Appendices .......................................................................... 36

Appendix 1 Geotechnical calculations and verification of the anchor system ....................... 36

Appendix 2 Calculation for reaction frame ................................................... 38

1. Calculation for main girder ..................................................................................................... 39

2. Calculation for the secondary girder ....................................................................................... 42

3. Pull Rods of the Main and Second Girder ............................................................................... 44

4. Pull rod for the Tensile Test ................................................................................................... 46

5. pull rod of anchor pile............................................................................................................. 47

6. Tie girder for static loading test .............................................................................................. 48

7. Tie girder for static tensile test................................................................................................ 51

Appendix 3 Record tables of pile testing ................................................. 53

1 INTRODUCTION

Partners in the Nigeria LNG Limited invest on building a seventh train (production
line) in the Bonny LNG plant. This is intended to increase the production capacity of
six trains from 22 million MT/year to 30 million metric tons per year.

NLNG's near term expansion plans, called NLNG T7 Project, has the objective to
maximize current and generate additional value by expanding the existing NLNG
Complex with a Complete Train 7 (replica of the T6 as-is design and indicated as CT)
and a new Common Liquefaction Unit (indicated as CLU) that collects excess treated
gases from the existing trains and process it to LNG.

Marine facilities shall be provided for the safe approach, berthing, loading, and
departure of LNG Carriers (LNGCs) exporting LNG for the NLNG T7 Project. The
main items under marine facilities are the addition of a new LNG jetty (Jetty 3),
upgrade of the existing Former Aggregate Berth (F.A.B.) as Material Offloading
Facility (MOF) for the T7 project, the extension of the existing MOF Jetty 2, the
construction of a New Passenger Terminal (NPT) and the dredging of F.A.B. and
MOF areas.

2 OBJECTIVE OF PILE LOAD TESTS

As per the requirements in Section 8.8 of GFS IG 34.85.28-Gen., pile load tests shall
be an integral part of pile design and carried out for the Project.

The objective of pre-construction static pile load tests is aim to:

(1) evaluate the construction method, and to check the sufficiency of the piling
equipment system;

(2) review and check the design pile lengths;

(3) verify the design assumptions and confirm the bearing capacity;

(4) verification of the relationship between pile loading and settlement.

3 SCOPE OF WORK

A total of two pre-construction static load tests have been arranged for the LNG Jetty
3 pile foundation, one is selected nearshore for access trestle 42’’ piles, and one is
selected offshore for jetty head 56’’ piles. The exact location of test piles is shown in

Fig 3.1and 3.2 below.

 Figure 3.1 Schematic Location of Test Piles（for access trestle）

Figure 3.2 Schematic Location of Test Piles（for mooring/breasting dolphins）

Information of the two pre-construction static load tests piles has been summarized
in below.

Table 3.1: Load test piles information

Coordinates Elevation, mLAT Estimated bearing capacity

Location Dia.
Easting Northing Top Tip Ref. borehole Com. kN Ten. kN

Access jetty 1816.036 2605.376 +5.0 -44.0 42’’ PCPT19 11080 7500

Mooring &
breasting 1329.084 3107.367 +5.0 -50.0 56’’ PCPT05 12602 7950
dolphins

4 TEST LOADS

In reference to Table 26 of T-14.472.355 Design Report - Access Trestle Pile

Foundation, maximum unfactored pile axial forces for pile geotechnical design are
listed below:

- Compression: 3489kN for operational, 3562kN for extreme

- Tensile: 689kN for operational, 690kN for extreme

In reference to Table 35 of T-14.472.356 Design Report – Mooring and Breasting

Dolphins, maximum unfactored pile axial forces for pile geotechnical design are
listed below:

- Compression: 5507kN for operational & extreme, 6814kN for accidental

- Tensile: 2530kN for operational & extreme, 3092kN for accidental

As per the requirements in Table 42 of T-14.472.352 Basis of Design for Jetty 3
Marine Works, minimum global factors of safety shall comply with the following table
for driven piles.

Table 4.1: Safety factors for Piles

Operating condition Extreme condition Accidental condition

Compression Tension Compression Tension Compression Tension

SF 2 2.5 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.4

It is therefore, the maximum static test loads of 42’’ access trestle pile shall be:

- Max. compression load = maximum (3489x2.0, 3562x1.5) = 6978kN

- Max. tensile load = maximum (689x2.5, 690x1.9) = 1773kN

The maximum static test loads of 56’’ mooring & breasting dolphins pile shall be:

- Max. compression load = maximum (5507x2.0, 6814x1.1) = 11014kN

- Max. tensile load = maximum (2530x2.5, 3092x1.1) = 6325kN

Considered that these design pile loads in the SUBCONTRACTOR’s design report
are under the review process and not finalized yet. The maximum static pile test
loads are summarized below with some margin:
- Access trestle 42’’ piles: 7500kN for compression, 2000kN for tensile

- Mooring & breasting dolphins 56’’ piles: 12000kN for compression, 6500kN for
tensile.

The test pile information is shown in Table 4.2 below.

Table 4.2 Test Pile information

Maximum
Structural Type of Pile Diameter of Pile length Test
test load
Unit Load Test pile （mm） Quantity method
（m）
（kN）

Trestle Compression 1 7500 Static

(on shore) 1067 49.0 load test
Tensile 1 2000

Mooring/br Compression 1 12000

easting
Static
1422 55.0
dolphins Tensile 1 6500 load test
(off shore)

It was noted that in the CONTRACTOR’s specification, lateral load tests are also
requested to be carried out on a minimum number of sacrificial piles to be approved
by the CONTRACTOR to verify different soil conditions. However, as the piles will be
designed as long elastic piles with adequate embedded length, the lateral load and
any applied bending moment which can be carried by a long pile are determined
solely by the moment of resistance M of the pile shaft, but not subject to the lateral
resistance provided from surrounding soils. It is therefore the SUBCONTRACTOR
proposed to omit the lateral load test for long piles.

The dynamic load test will be carried out during test pile installation, prior to the static
load test.

5 REFERENCES

The static load tests and dynamic load test procedures shall comply with the
following codes, standards and project documents. Reference documents are shown
in Table 2.1 below.
 Table 2.1 Reference Documents

Document Reference Document title

Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation

ASTM D1143/D1143M - 20
Elements Under Static Axial Compressive Load

Standard test methods for deep foundations under

ASTM D3689/D3689M
static axial tensile load

Standard Test Method for High-Strain Dynamic

ASTM D 4945 – 08
Testing of Deep Foundations

Vendor Doc No: CHEC-T7- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR PILES-PO

DED-TEC-SPI-003 1369043-LNG JETTY 3

6 RESOURCES

The resources considered necessary to safely and efficiently undertake the pile
testing works are outlined in this section.

6.1 Manpower
Table 3.1 List of Manpower

No. Position Quantity Role

1 Project Manager 1 Management of Project team

2 Site Engineer 1 Control of Construction Site

3 HSE Engineer 1 On-site HSE management

4 Foreman 1 Operations Team Management

5 Operator 6 Operation of equipment

Total 10

6.2 Plant and equipment

The main equipments will be used for the test work are shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 List of Equipment

No Item Type Note Quantity

1 Vertical hydraulic jack 320t static load test 6

2 Pressure gauges 100 MPa static load test 1

 No Item Type Note Quantity

3 Pile Driving Analyzer PDA 8G data analysis 1

4 Load cell 320t static load test 6

5 Dial gauges 100mm static load test 8

High pressure hydraulic oil

6 pump OVM static load test 1

Note: All equipment must be supplied with valid calibration certificates issued by approved and
recognized testing facilities for use and must be checked for condition and safety before work
commences by a trained safety officer.

7 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE STATIC LOAD TEST METHOD

The pile static load test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of
specification. Two non-structural test piles will be installed for the static compression
and tensile load tests. For a test pile, tensile load test will be carried out followed by
the compression load test. Time intervals between performing different load tests
shall comply with specification or as permitted by the Company Representative. Piles
shall not be subjected to any load before starting the test.

Table 7.1-1 Test Pile details

Pile
Pile Pile Pile top Pile tip Wall Reference
diameter
location length(m) level(m) level(m) thickness(mm) borehole
(mm)

Trestle 1067 49 +5.0 -44.0 10-16 BH04

Mooring &
breasting
1422 55 +5.0 -50.0 22.23 BH01
dolphins

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
WORKS - PO 1369043 - LNG JETTY 3
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UNIT: 7000
 Table 7.1-2 Test Pile details

Compression load test Tensile load test

Pile location Maximum test load (kN) Maximum test load (kN)

Trestle 7500 2000

Mooring/breasting
dolphins 12000 6500

Note: Compression and tensile are all carried out on the same test pile but at different times.

7.1 Static Compression Load Test

7.1.1 Testing method

The static compression load test shall be carried out according to ASTM
D1143/D1143M-20. Anchor piles are required to provide the reaction force and these
consist of four steel tubular piles located around the test pile. The anchor piles will be
linked with steel beams to provide the test pile reaction system. If the reaction force
provided by the anchor piles is not enough for the compression load test, the
kentledge will be loaded to increase the reaction force.

Hydraulic jacks will be placed on the top of test pile and independent piles will be
used as reference piles. Dial gauges will be placed on the reference girders
supported between the reference piles to measure the pile top displacement of the
test pile.

All test equipment will be ‘zeroed’ before commencement of the test and monitored
for excessive movement of the reference beam. The pile position for the load test is
shown in Figures 7.1. Four non-working piles will be used as anchor piles and two
non-working piles will be used as reference piles.

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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UNIT: 7000
 Anchor pile

(D=800mm)

Reference Reference
pile pile
Test pile
(D=1067mm,1422mm)

Anchor pile

(D=800mm)

Figure 7.1 Arrangement of piles

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
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 7.1.2 Loading Equipment

7.1.2.1. Reaction system

The test pile reaction system consists of one main girder, two secondary girders and
other tie girders including pulling bars and plugs.

7.1.2.2. Loading equipment

Four and six 3200kN-hydraulic jacks will be used for the pile load tests respectively.
The total rated load of the 3200kN-hydraulic jacks is more than 120%(12800kN and
19200kN) of the maximum test load（7500kN and 12000kN）.

Details of the 3200kN-hydraulic jacks are shown in Table 7.3

Table 7.3 Details of 3200kN Hydraulic Jacks

Capacity Height Plunger diameter Stroke Weight

Type (kN) (mm) (mm) (kg)
（mm）

QF320T-20b 3200 427 180 200 231.1

7.1.3 Observation Equipment

7.1.3.1. Load observation instruments

A precise pressure gauge (precision class 0.4) will be installed on the high pressure
oil pump for loading and unloading. The applied load is measured by means of the
load cells located between the hydraulic jack and main girder at the same time.

7.1.3.2. Displacement Observation Instruments

Four dial gauges （ Precision Class 0.01mm ） will be placed on the Reference
Girders to measure the 'pile top' displacement.

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UNIT: 7000
During the test, dial gauges installed on the anchor pile shall be read.

7.1.4 Test Arrangement

The arrangement of the reaction system and test platform are shown in Figure
7.2~7.6.

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 Figure7.2 Static Axial Compression Load Test

Screw Cap
Distribution Beam

Pulling Ro of Main Girder

Main Girder
Screw Cap Load cell
Distribution Beam
Hydraulic Jacks(320t)
Reference Pulling Rod of Anchor Pile Bearing Plate Reference
Secondary Girder
Beam Plug Dial Gauge
Spot Welding Beam

Anchor Tested Platform Anchor

Reference Pile Reference
Pile Pile
Pile Pile

Figure7.3 Equipment installation for the static axial compression load test

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 Anchor pile
Second girder (D=800mm)

Main girder

Reference Test pile Reference

pile (D=1067mm,1422mm) pile

Reference
girder

Anchor pile
(D=800mm) Second girder

Layout plan

Figure7.4 Plan view of the working platform

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
WORKS - PO 1369043 - LNG JETTY 3
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UNIT: 7000
 COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP
LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
WORKS - PO 1369043 - LNG JETTY 3
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UNIT: 7000
 Figure7.5 Detail Drawing of the Anchor Pile Connection

Reference pile

Reference girder

Reference girder

I-steel56a

Anchor ear

unit：mm

Figure7.6 Detail Drawing of the Reference Girder Connection

7.1.5 Test Procedure

According to TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR PILES-PO 1369043-LNG JETTY 3.

Constant Rate of Penetration Test in accordance with Procedure C in ASTM D1143
shall be followed for static compression load test. And an equivalent test procedure
may be proposed for approval by CONTRACTOR and COMPANY.

But according to our loading equipment, loading mode and previous test experience
of this test, it is difficult to meet the requirements of Constant Rate of Penetration
Test. Because the settlement rate of the pile is difficult to control. Therefore, it is

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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UNIT: 7000
requested to change the test procedure to Procedure B: Maintained Test in ASTM
D1143-20.

The loading procedure should start by a load of maximum 0.05P in order to check
the loading and measurement equipment. The pile load shall be increased in steps
and each step shall be held constant over a certain specified duration. The maximum
test load P shall be reached in minimum 10 load steps.

Load increments should generally be of equal magnitude. Unloading of the pile

should be performed in at least 4 load steps.

Each loading and unloading step shall be maintained for a minimum duration, which
should be the same for all loading steps and the same for all unloading steps
respectively. A minimum duration of 60 min is recommended for the loading steps.
The loading and unloading procedures are shown in Table 7.4 and 7.5.

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

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 Table7.4 Loading and unloading procedure for pile compression load test in trestle

Load the Minimum

Serial Pile Top Load Maintenance Time State of
Number load (kN) per Stage Load (min)
(kN) Load

1 0.1P 750 60

2 0.2P 1500 60

3 0.3P 2250 60

4 0.4P 3000 60

5 0.5P 3750 60

6 0.6P 4500 60
Loading
7 0.7P 5250 60

8 0.8P 6000 60

9 0.9P 6750 60

10 P 7500 120

11 0.75P 5625 10

12 0.50P 3750 10
Unloading
13 0.25P 1875 10

14 0 0 60
Table7.5 Loading and unloading procedure for pile compression load test in mooring/breasting
dolphins

Load the Minimum

Serial Pile Top Load Maintenance Time State of
Number load (kN) per Stage Load (min)
(kN) Load

1 0.1P 1200 60

2 0.2P 2400 60

3 0.3P 3600 60
Loading
4 0.4P 4800 60

5 0.5P 6000 60

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 Load the Minimum
Serial Pile Top Load Maintenance Time State of
Number load (kN) per Stage Load (min)
(kN) Load

6 0.6P 7200 60

7 0.7P 8400 60

8 0.8P 9600 60

9 0.9P 10800 60

10 P 12000 120

11 0.75P 9000 10

12 0.50P 6000 10
Unloading
13 0.25P 3000 10

14 0 0 60

Note: “P” represents the maximum load

1. Record test readings taken before and after the application of each load increment or
decrement. During each load interval, record additional readings taken at 5, 10, and 20 min
following application of the load increment, and every 20 min thereafter as needed, and as
applicable depending on the length of the increment.

2. If pile failure occurs, record readings taken immediately before removing any load.
During each unloading decrement, record readings taken at time intervals of 2 min following
partial removal of load, for up to 10 min and every 10 min. Record final readings 1 h after
removing all load.

3. Following each load increment, the load will remain at least for the time shown in the
table above until the settling rate is less than 0.25mm / h and decreases gradually. The
settlement rate will be calculated from the slope of the curve, which is obtained by plotting
the relationship between the settlement value and time and drawing a smooth curve from
these points.

4. Terminate the load condition If one of the following conditions occurs, stop the load and
enter the uninstaller:

（a） When reaching the maximum test loads of the trestle test pile and mooring/breasting
dolphins test piles as specified in Table 4.2;
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（b）the ultimate resistance mobilized at a pile head penetration equal to 10 % of the pile

diameter;

（c）A dangerous loading situation develops.

7.2 Static Tensile Load Test

According to TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR PILES-PO 1369043-LNG JETTY 3.
Constant Rate of Penetration Test in accordance with Procedure C in ASTM D3689
shall be followed for static tensile load test. And an equivalent test procedure may be
proposed for approval by CONTRACTOR and COMPANY.

But according to our loading equipment, loading mode and previous test experience
of this test, it is difficult to meet the requirements of Constant Rate of Penetration
Test. Because the settlement rate of the pile is difficult to control. Therefore, it is
requested to change the test procedure to Procedure B: Maintained Test in ASTM
D3689/3689-22.

The static tensile load test may be conducted after the static compression test with
the time interval between these tests to be not less than 3 days.

7.2.1 Reaction System

The load reaction system for the static tensile test is similar to the system for the
compression test with one difference. The system includes one main girder, two
secondary girders and other tie girders with pulling bars and plugs. The difference is
that the jacks are put on the top of the main girder instead of being put on top of the
pile for loading and unloading.

Before the test commences, it is necessary to form a wide slot or ‘cut-out’ at the top
of the steel tubular anchor piles for securely locating the secondary girders. When
the test begins, Jacks are positioned on top of the main girder to load and unload it,
as shown in Figure 7.7. The reaction system for the static tensile load test is shown
in Figure 7.8 and the arrangement of the jacks on top of the main girder is shown in
Figure 7.9.

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The loading equipment and observation equipment are the same with the
compression test, the detail can be seen in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3.

Figure 7.7 Static Tensile Load Test

Load cell
Screw Cap
Distribution Beam Hydraulic Jacks(320t)
Pulling Ro of Main Girder
Pulling Rod of tensile

Screw Cap Main Girder

Distribution Beam

Pulling Rod of Anchor Pile

Reference
Secondary Girder
Plug Dial Gauge
Beam
Reference Bearing Plate

Beam full Welding

Anchor Tested Platform Anchor
Reference Pile Reference
Pile Pile
Pile Pile

Figure 7.8 Equipment Arrangement for the Static Tensile Load Test

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 pulling bar

balance girder
main girder
Jack

tie girder

Figure 7.9 Plan view of the jacks on the top of the main girder

7.2.2 Test procedure

The procedure B ‘Maintained Test’ from ASTM D3689/D3689M-22 will be used. The
loading and unloading procedures for the pile load tests are shown in Table 7.6 and
7.7.

Table7.6 Loading and unloading procedure for pile tensile load test in trestle

Load the Minimum

Serial Pile Top Load Maintenance Time State of
Number load (kN) per Stage Load (min)
(kN) Load

1 0.1P 200 60

2 0.2P 400 60

3 0.3P 600 60

4 0.4P 800 60

5 0.5P 1000 60

6 0.6P 1200 60
Loading
7 0.7P 1400 60

8 0.8P 1600 60

9 0.9P 1800 60

10 P 2000 120

11 0.75P 1500 10

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 12 0.50P 1000 10
Unloading
13 0.25P 500 10

14 0 0 60

Table7.7 Loading and unloading procedure for pile tensile load test in mooring/breasting
dolphins

Load the Minimum

Serial Pile Top Load Maintenance Time State of
Number load (kN) per Stage Load (min)
(kN) Load

1 0.1P 650 60

2 0.2P 1300 60

3 0.3P 1950 60

4 0.4P 2600 60

5 0.5P 3250 60

6 0.6P 3900 60
Loading
7 0.7P 4550 60

8 0.8P 5200 60

9 0.9P 5850 60

10 P 6500 120

11 0.75P 4875 10

12 0.50P 3250 10
Unloading
13 0.25P 1625 10

14 0 0 60

Note: “P” represents the maximum load

1、Record test readings taken before and after the application of each load
increment or decrement.

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 During each load interval, record additional readings taken at 5, 10, and 20 min
following application of the load increment, and every 20 min thereafter as needed,
and as applicable depending on the length of the increment.

2、If pile failure occurs, record readings taken immediately before removing any load.
During each unloading decrement, record readings taken at time intervals of 2 min
following partial removal of load, for up to 10 min and every 10 min. Record final
readings 1 h after removing all load.

3、 Following each load increment, the load will remain at least for the time shown in
the table above until the settling rate is less than 0.25mm / h and decreases
gradually. The settlement rate will be calculated from the slope of the curve, which is
obtained by plotting the relationship between the settlement value and time and
drawing a smooth curve from these points.

4、 Terminate the load condition If one of the following conditions occurs, stop the
load and enter the uninstaller:

（ a ） When reaching the maximum test loads of the trestle test pile and
mooring/breasting dolphins test piles as specified in Table 4.2;

（b） the ultimate resistance mobilized at a pile head withdrawal of at least 10 % of

the average pile diameter or width, or until the pile withdrawal stops;

（c） A dangerous loading situation develops.

7.3 Test Report

The test report will be submitted to the Engineer within 14 days of completion of the
test and will include the following:

（1） Geological description of the pile location ;

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 （2） Particular description of the test pile, including piling record and data for pile
construction and testing;

（3） Statement of the test method and test equipment, including figures and photos
of the reaction system, deformation measurement equipment, position, size and
reference elevation of the tested pile;

（4） ） Test procedure and result, including test record, curve of load-
settlement, curve of time-settlement, and ultimate resisting-pull up capacity.

（5） Test procedure and results, including test records, curve of load-settlement,
curve of time-settlement, and ultimate tensile (pull-out) capacity.

8 DYNAMIC LOAD TESTING

8.1 Test Method

The principle of the dynamic load test is as follows:
The hammer strikes the top of the pile so that the pile moves relative to the soil
effecting pile skin friction and toe bearing force to be successively activated. The
strain transducers and accelerometers installed under the pile top record the signal
of upward wave. The real time record of force and velocity is analyzed using the
wave equation theory to determine the pile bearing capacity and integrity.

Assuming the pile is a one-dimensional linear elastic bar, the impedance can be

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 calculated by multiplying unit specific density by the wave speed and cross-sectional
area. Alternatively, it can be calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area by
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity and dividing the product by the strain wave speed.

Z  (EA / c)  cA (1)

Where:

Z = impedance

A = cross-sectional area

E = dynamic modulus of elasticity

c = wave speed, the speed with which a strain wave propagates through a pile.

 = mass density.
Pile stress-strain relationship can be written as:

  E   (2)

F  A  E   (3)
Assuming the resistance of soil is composed of static resistance and dynamic
resistance:

R  Rs  Rd (4)

Then, a one-dimensional wave equation can be derived as:

 2u  2  2u  R
c
x 2 A
t 2

(5)(5)

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 According to the measured force and velocity curves, namely, F(t )andV(t ), the
following equation can be derived to determine the bearing capacity of pile.
F (t1 )  Z V (t1 ) F (t2 )  Z V (t2 )
 1  Jc   (1  J )
c 2
Rc 2 (6) (6)

Where:

t1 =time of impact
t2  t1  2L / C

8.2 Testing Apparatus

The PDA equipment(PDA-8G) manufactured by Pile Dynamic Inc. would be used for
recording, reducing and displaying data together with two pairs of strain or force
transducers. The driving hammer is used for applying the impact force.

The schematic field-testing set-up of PDA system is shown in Figure 8.1

Figure 8.1 Schematic diagram of high-strain pile test

Note: A1 and A2 are acceleration transducers. F1and F2 are strain transducers.

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 8.3 Testing Procedure

(1) The sensors shall be attached by bolts through the steel（concrete） wall of the
pile. Prior to driving the steel tubular pile（PHC pile） into the ground, the bolt holes
shall be drilled and located at least 1.5 times the pile diameter from the top of the pile.
PAL will be used here, which includes 2 strain transducers and 2 acceleration
transducers. Sketch of locations of accelerometers and strain transducers is shown
in Figure 8.2.

(2) Several procedures require to be completed prior to undertaking the dynamic

load test. Install the transducers using the pre-drilled holes. Connect main cables to
the piling analyzer and input the pile parameters.

(3) Once test preparation is completed, the hammer commences pile driving.
Results are then obtained from the dynamic load test and shall not be disrupted until
the required signal has been recorded.

(4) For test piles, PDA testing would be carried out throughout the installation of the
pile. 7 days after the initial driving, preliminary piles would be re-tapped. For
permanent piles, PDA testing would be carried out at the conclusion of pile
installation.

(5) The procedure of re-tapping is identical with the initial driving. Install the
transducers using the holes which are already drilled. Then, connect main cables to
the piling analyzer and input the pile parameters. Re-tapping of a pile may involve up
to 50 hammer blows per pile penetration of as much as 150 mm.

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 D
Acc 1
Strain 1

1.5D

D
Strain transducer

Steel pile

(PHC pile) Accelerometer

Acc 2

Strain 2

Figure 8.2 Schematic of locations for accelerometers and strain transducers

8.4 Test Report

The test report will be submitted to the Engineer within 7 days of test completion and
will include the following:

(1) Background information and description of the project.

(2) Types and dimensions of piles, types of hammers, test dates, embedment depths,
penetrations, etc.

(3) Maximum measured force applied to the pile head, maximum measured pile
head velocity, and maximum energy imparted to the pile.

(4) Graphical presentation of the recorded force and velocity in the time domain for
representative blow of each pile tested.

(5) Bearing capacity (for initial driving test) and ultimate bearing capacity (for re-
tapped test).

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 (6) CAPWAP analysis results of skin and toe resistance.
(7) Load versus force graph (Q-S curve) of the simulated static load test.
(8) Assessment of the test results with respect to pile capacity and integrity.

9 HEALTH / SAFETY / ENVIRONMENTAL PROVISIONS

9.1 Quality
(1) The pile tests must not be carried out in foul weather such as storms, or great
wave;

(2) All equipment must be calibrated and checked before the test to ensure it is
working correctly;

(3) The reference piles and reference beams must be totally independent of the
anchor piles or test pile;

(4) The reference beams must be shaded from direct sunlight to minimise the effects
of high temperatures.

(5) If the pressure in the jacks fall during the load holding period, the pump must be
restarted immediately to reinstate the pressure.

(6) During the test, piling operations within a distance of 50m should cease including
all tests producing vibration and impact.

(7) The test procedure must strictly follow the requirements of the specification.
(8) Any deviation from the anticipated load increment and data measurement
procedures should be recorded.

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 9.2 Health and Safety
(1) This project shall be executed in full compliance with all safety procedures and
standards as required by the contract. This includes the establishment of the project
safety team.

(2) Regular safety awareness programs shall be conducted to instill the safety
culture and awareness on the construction site. This project shall have the "Safety
First, Focus on Prevention" policy.

(3) As commonly practiced, compulsory safety Induction Programs shall be

implemented on this project. It will be compulsory for the entire workforce involved
with the project to attend the program before being allowed to participate in any
construction work.

(4) Safety helmets and life jackets are compulsory when working on the platform.
(5) Testing personnel must pay attention during the change of test equipment and
anchor piles during loading. If any unexpected situation develops, the test should

pause and safety checks must be carried out before recommencing the test.
(6) Testing cannot be carried out in foul weather such as gales, or great waves to
maintain personnel safety.

(7) All unloading, installation of plant and equipment and erection of cranes must be
supervised by experienced and fully trained personnel. A superintendent or similar
will be specifically appointed to ensure that these operations are carried out safety
and to the required procedures.

9.3 Environmental Protection

(1) Strict environmental protection requirements in accordance with local and
national laws and regulations shall be observed during the implementation of the
project. Oil based material must be correctly stored and handled to prevent leakage
and water pollution.

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 (2) The rubbish and waste from off-shore construction activity must be regularly
removed by barge to the on-shore approved dumping ground.

10 TIME SCHEDULE
Time schedule of the one pile load test (trestle test pile) is shown in Table 10.1. The
other one pile load tests will be carried out depending on site conditions.

Table 10.1 Time schedule

No. Contents Time Finish Date

1 PDA test （initial driving test） 1 day

2 Interval time 7 days

3 PDA test （re-test） 1 day

4 Installation of working platform 7 days

5 Installation of reaction frame 7 days

6 Checking 2 days

7 Static compression load test 2 days

8 Interval time/installation 3 days

9 Static tensile load test 2 days

10 Preliminary report 3 days

11 Final report 14days

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 11 APPENDICES

No Appendix Title

Geotechnical calculations and verification of anchor systems

1

2 Calculation for reaction frame

3 Record tables of pile testing

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APPENDIX 1 GEOTECHNICAL CALCULATIONS AND VERIFICATION OF
THE ANCHOR SYSTEM

Anchor pile calculation for the approach trestle test pile and working platform test pile using
API method.

Table A.1.1 Preliminary Pile Information

Location: Approach Trestle Mooring/breasting dolphins

Borehole No: BH04 BH01

Pile diameter(m): 1.067 1.422
Pile type: Vertical Vertical
Max compression test load（kN） 8000 12000
Max tensile test load（kN） 3500 7000

Table A.1.2 Anchor Pile Information

Pile Pile pile top pile toe Seabed Pile

Reference length diameter elevation elevation level selfweight
Location (m, CD)
hole
（m） （m） （m, CD） （m, CD） （kN）

Approach
Trestle BH04 35 0.8 +5.0 -30.0 +2.5 124

Mooring/b
reasting BH01 57 0.9 +5.0 -52.0 -14.0 282
dolphins

Table A.1.3 Calculation Parameters Of Trestle Pile（BH04）

Cohensionless
Soil layer Cohesive soil(i.e.Clay)
Soil(i.e.sand)
layer
layer
bottom
thicknes friction
Laye soil s
elevatio γ Su PO` Φ α β PO`
limit
r NO type n

m m, CD kN/m³ kPa kPa Su/po` kPa kPa

SU1 SAND 15 -12.5 17.4 / 56.25 / / 0.29 56.25 67.0

SU2 CLAY 3 -15.5 15.5 84.9 120.75 0.7 0.60 / 120.75 /

SU2 CLAY 7.5 -23 15.5 70 149.63 0.47 0.73 / 149.63 /

SU3 SAND 7 -30 18.8 / 201.05 / / 0.37 201.05 81.0

 Table A.1.4 Calculation Parameters Of Mooring/breasting dolphins Pile（BH01）

Soil layer Cohesive soil(i.e.Clay) CohensionlessSoil(i.e.sand)

layer layer
thickness bottom γ friction
Layer soil Su PO` Φ α β PO`
elevation limit
NO type m m, CD kN/m³ kPa kPa Su/po` kPa kPa

SU2 CLAY 18 -32 15.5 37.17 49.50 0.75 0.58 / 49.50 /

SU2 CLAY 3 -35 15.5 70 107.25 0.65 0.62 / 107.25 /

SU3 SAND 17 -52 18.8 0 190.30 / / 0.37 190.30 81.0

Table A.1.5 Calculation Results Of Trestle Pile（BH04）

Soil layer Pile shaft capacity

Uplift
layer Unit Accumulated
friction
layer bottom Friction shaft Pile of the Uplift shaft
Layer soil thickness elevation limit capacity Reduction diameter layer capacity
NO type factor(lift)
m mCD kPa kPa m kN (kN)

SU1 SAND 15 -12.5 67 16.31 0.75 0.8 461.23 461.23

SU2 CLAY 3 -15.5 / 50.63 0.75 0.8 286.28 747.51

SU2 CLAY 7.5 -23 / 51.17 0.75 0.8 723.41 1470.92

SU3 SAND 7 -30 81 74.39 0.75 0.8 981.53 2452.45

 Table A.1.6 Calculation Results Of Mooring/breasting dolphins Pile（BH01）

Soil layer Pile shaft capacity

Uplift
layer Unit Accumulated
friction
layer bottom Friction shaft Pile Uplift shaft
of the
Layer soil thickness elevation limit capacity Reduction diameter layer capacity
NO type factor(lift)
m mCD kPa kPa m kN (kN)

SU2 CLAY 18 -32 / 21.45 0.75 0.9 818.59 818.59

SU2 CLAY 3 -35 / 43.32 0.75 0.9 275.61 1094.20

SU3 SAND 17 -52 81 70.41 0.75 0.9 2538.30 3632.50

Table A.1.7 Check result of anchor pile length

Calculated Reaction Calculated Required

piles uplift system Anchor piles uplift uplift
capacity selfweight selfweight capacity capacity
Location Safety check
factor
kN kN kN kN kN

Trestle 9809.80 800 497.18 11106.98 7500 1.48 YES

Mooring/b
reasting
dolphins 14529.99 800 1128.5 16458.49 12000 1.37 YES

The calculated uplift shaft capacity is more than required uplift shaft capacity. Safe.

Appendix 2 CALCULATION FOR REACTION FRAME

In the static load test of the project, the layout of the test pile at the trestle and the
mooring/breasting dolphins are the same, but the maximum load of the static load pile at the
mooring/breasting dolphins is larger, so the test pile at the mooring/breasting dolphins is used
for checking calculation.

The maximum compression test load maybe 12000kN and the maximum tensile test load is

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6500kN.

The material of the reaction frame is Q345 steel and its performance is shown in Table. A.2.1.

Table A.2.1 Design value of steel strength

Steel Tensile, Bearing stress

Compression （Plane flat top
Thickness or
Type diameter and bending Shear tight）fce

（mm） （MPa） （MPa）

（MPa）

16 310 180

 16~35 295 170

Q345 400
 35~50 265 155

 50~100 250 145

1. Calculation for main girder

The main girder adopts a box section form and the elevation and cross section is shown in
Figure A.2.1.

B A

B A

Figure A.2.1 Elevation of main girder

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The design calculation diagram is shown in Figure A.2.2. and the span of the main girder
is10.0m

12000kN

Mmax=30000kN·m
Figure A.2.2. Calculation diagram of main girder

The maximum test load is 12000kN. RA=RB=6000kN.

Maximum bending moment is as follow:

Bending moment of section B-B is as follow:

Bending modulus of section A-A W 1 is as follow:

BH 3  bh3 1.16 2.4231.10 2.33

W    0.2105m 3
1
6H 6 2.42
Bending modulus of section B-B W 2 is as follow:

BH 3  bh3 1.161.831.11.73
W    0.126m 3

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 2
6H 61.8
The maximum stress at the middle of the main girder is as follow:

Safe Stress of section B-B  2 is as follow:

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 , safe

Deflection of section A-A is as follow:

＜L/400=10000/400=25.0mm, safe.

The above calculation shows that the section size meets the requirements for bearing capacity.

2. Calculation for the secondary girder

The length of the secondary girder is actually 13.6 meters and the span is 10.0 m.

Figure A.2.3 Elevation of the secondary girder

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 6000kN

Mmax=15000kN·m

Figure A.2.4 Calculation diagram of the secondary girder

Bending modulus is as follow:

BH 3  bh3 0.901.7 30.841.623

W    0.0834m 3
6H 61.7

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 The maximum test load is 12400kN and the force of each secondary girder is 6200kN. The force of each anchor

pile for one secondary girder is

Maximum bending moment of the secondary girder is as follow:

The maximum stress of the secondary girder is as follow:

Deflection in the middle of the secondary is as follow:

<L/400=9000/400=22.5mm, safe.

The above calculation shows that the section size meets the requirements for bearing capacity.

3. Pull Rods of the Main and Second Girder

The maximum test load is 12000kN which is shared by 8 pull rods. The tensile of each pull rod:
P=12000/8=1500kN. The diameter of each rod is 140mm, thread is M115×6, thread pitch
t=6mm, effective diameter of rod at the thread de=d-1.0825t=133.505mm. A typical pull rod of
the main girder is shown in Figure A.2.5.

Figure A.2.5 Pull rod of main girder

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Area of thread of pull rod:
Maximum tensile stress of thread:

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 , , it satisfies the strength.

satisfies the strength requirement.

4. Pull rod for the Tensile Test

The maximum test load is 6600kN which is shared by 4 pull rods. The tensile force of each pull
rod: P=7000/4=1750kN. The diameter of each rod is 140mm, thread is M110×6, thread pitch
t=6mm, effective diameter of rod at thread de=d-1.0825t=133.505mm.

Figure A.2.6 Pull rod of main girder

Area of thread of pull rod:

Maximum tensile stress of thread:

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UNIT: 7000
 , , So satisfies the strength requirement.

5. pull rod of anchor pile

The maximum test load is 12000kN, and acted by 8 pull rods. Tensile of each pull rod:
12000/8=1500kN.

The diameter of pull rod of anchor pile is the same as the diameter of pull rod of main girder,

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UNIT: 7000
and the tensile force is also the same. The most unfavorable position is the hole for bolt. The
maximum tensile stress:

, , so it satisfies the strength requirement.

Figure A.2.7 Pull rod of anchor pile

6. Tie girder for static loading test

1960
350
40
60
60

50 d=50 50 30 220 35
360

280

350
1.Web:302801960
60

1 0
6 1
0 2 A

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UNIT: 7000
1960 S
e
c
t
i
120 160 o
n

A
-
A
350

40
B
30 220 35
350

156

360

280
B
350

A 276

2.Face plate:403501960 Section B-B

Figure A.2.8 Distribution beam of pull rod of main girder

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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 1500kN 1500kN

0.148m 1.4m 0.148m

Load distribution

Mmax=222.0kNm

Figure A.2.9 Calculation mode for load transfer beam（Unit：mm）

Bending modulus of section A-A is as follow:

BH 3  bh3 0.35 0.353 0.29 0.283

W   0.0041m3
1
6H 6 0.35
Bending modulus of section B-B is as follow:

BH 3  bh3 0.1 2 0.3530.07  2 0.283

W   0.00261m3
2
6H 6 0.35
The maximum test load is 12000kN which is evenly divided on 8 pulling bars. And the tension
force of each pulling bar is 1500kN.

Maximum bending moment of tie beam is as follow:

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
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The maximum stress of section A-A is as follow:

, safe
The maximum stress of section B-B is as follow:

, safe
So it satisfies the strength requirement.

7. Tie girder for static tensile test

Distribution beam of pull rod of tensile is the same as distribution beam of pull rod of anchor

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
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UNIT: 7000
pile. The maximum test load is 7000kN which is connected to 4 pull rods. The tensile of each
pull rod: 7000/4=1750kN.

1500kN

Mmax=933kN·m

Figure A.2.10 Calculation diagram

Bending modulus of section:

Maximum bending moment:

, safe, it satisfies the strength requirement.

COMPANY Project No: B190170NTP

LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PROJECT: NLNG TRAIN 7
CONTRACTOR Project No: N88480

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
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Appendix 3 RECORD TABLES OF PILE TESTING

Record for Static Axial Compression Load Test Page:

Project： Pile Name： Test Date：

Hydraulic
jacks： Dial gauges:

load Current Interval Record of dial gauges（mm） Displacement（mm） Remarks

No. （kN） Time
（min) 1 2 3 4 average Current Accumulation

Record： Check：

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 Dynamic load Testing of Piles
Table No： Page of

Subdivisional
Project work Code Condition

Type of
hammer
Apparatus Hammer weight Pile cushion

Status of apparatus

NO. before test Status of apparatus after test

Pile length(m) Pile length Penetration(mm) Coefficient

Pile Pile Drop height
Type Date in soil Blows Remarks
serial No. name (m) First
Design Construction Under transducers （m） driving
Re-strike A1 A2 F1 F2

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WORK METHOD STATEMENT FOR PILE TESTING COMPANY Doc No: T-14.472.478
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