INTRODUCTION

To begin this essay we will talk about industrial engineering which is the branch of engineering
that studies and trains on the elements of analysis, projection, design, planning, optimization and
control of the production of goods and services, taking into account the economic, technical and
social aspects.

Industrial engineering uses knowledge and methods from the mathematical, physical, and social
sciences in a broad and generic way to determine, design, specify, and analyze systems in order to
predict and evaluate their results. Industrial engineering is also closely identified with operations
management, systems engineering, or manufacturing engineering. Well, let's take a closer look at
this topic. I hope you like it.

DEVELOPMENT

Industrial engineering originated when man became sedentary and began to grow his own food
and raise edible animals. The first engineers developed over the years as they discovered the
techniques they could use to carry out their daily activities.
Over time, the first engineers were architects, as they began to develop weapons and walls for
cities to improve their security. Later, more advanced machines were developed.
With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, handicraft work was replaced by machines powered
by water, wind or animals, and a great deal of human effort was required to carry out all the
manufacturing activities.

At the beginning of the industrial revolution, few managers or business owners were concerned
about the working conditions and salaries of the workers in their service. At that time, the salary
that a worker received was according to the stipulation of a price for each piece or object that the
worker had produced. At that time, workers had to work more hours to earn a salary that, despite
everything, was insufficient to maintain minimum subsistence conditions.

The Industrial Revolution, the artisanal work was replaced by machines powered by water, wind or
animal energy, since a lot of human effort was necessary to carry out all the manufacturing
activities, there was the beginning for some people who were interested in improving work and
other elements of the production process and there begins the work of Industrial Engineering.

Frederick W. Taylor was considered the father of industrial engineering, driving the progress of the
field. Taylor proposed that management create a work plan for each of its employees, which
would include each of the activities that the operator should perform, as well as the tools to be
used and the time determined for each activity.
Industrial engineering is mainly interested in increasing the efficiency of processes and reducing
the costs of what a person produces or offers. For this purpose, an industrial engineer has a series
of applications to achieve his objective, since it can be from the studies of Movements and Times,
Industrial Hygiene and Safety, Quality Control, Inventory Control, Plant Distribution and Materials
Management, Location of Industrial Plants and finally Operations Research.

Industrial engineering is concerned with ensuring that working conditions are as suitable and
comfortable as possible for workers, thereby reducing the possibility of accidents, occupational
diseases and damage to equipment, machinery and products.

Where this is done by identifying and controlling the risks present in the production process
through inspection and observation of the process, continuous training of workers to carry out
safe work, motivation and dissemination of safe methods to the worker, reduction in the
environmental concentration of harmful contaminants below the maximum tolerance limits in
order to make the environment healthy and conducive to the exercise of the physical and mental
faculties of any individual and the construction of the best environmental conditions (noise, light,
heat, etc.) that surround the worker.

These are the areas of industrial engineering that have not been given the importance they
require, since most businessmen see security more as a necessary expense due to legal
stipulations and regulations than as a long-term investment and a guarantee of their resources.

All items which are produced in this engineering, have the purpose of being sold to consumers,
since the product can be offered at a competitive price and also produce acceptable benefits to
the company, it is necessary that this has characteristics that make the consumer interested in the
product for which it was made; that is its main purpose.

The main characteristic that the article must have so that the engineer sees that his work is
excellent is its durability, color, quantity, texture, resistance and in general, that it has the
dimensions that allow it to be effectively used for the purposes established for its use.

Another thing that the engineer must take into account is Quality Control, which aims to ensure
that the characteristics of the produced article are stable, uniform, and do not change much from
one article to another, which is carried out through inspection of the produced articles.

Industrial engineering is also interested in minimising the costs of moving different materials from
one place to another within a plant, and also ensuring that space is used in the best possible way.
Where it also considers the case of a redistribution of the plant or a future expansion so that it is
possible to provide all the services that will be needed.

In the field of industrial engineering, the proximity of markets, communications and sources of raw
materials for manufacturing are considered, and taking into account other factors, including
sufficient labor for the process, the most appropriate site for establishing the industrial plant is
determined.

In engineering, analytical methods are used to solve problems since this is done thanks to
mathematical models that relate the important factors of a certain operation under study: men,
time, money, machines and materials. These models make it possible to determine the influence
of any modification, and to describe what must be done to best achieve the desired goal.

Production is controlled when resources are adjusted and allocations are organized according to a
plan to achieve a specific purpose.

Maintenance is responsible for controlling the useful life of equipment, machines, tools and
facilities, in order to increase their levels of use. Well-conceived maintenance in the “Keep in Good
Condition” rather than “Restore in Good Condition” approach allows for circumstantial savings in
more costly late repairs, or correcting situations that lead to the unnecessary and superfluous
waste of a large amount of the resources we have available.

In a small industry, an industrial engineer may be in charge of maintenance, provided that he or

Areas such as Environmental Protection (relationship and impact between the Company and the
Environment) and Ergonomics (adaptation of machines to the operator), to name other
applications in which the industrial engineer has gradually been introduced, allow a wide range of
action for Industrial Engineers.

All engineers, regardless of their specialty, must keep in mind that “Every Process Can Be
Improved.” This phrase in quotation marks can be considered as the “Specialty” of the industrial
engineer. What should be highlighted is that the task of the industrial engineer is based on
transforming something effective into something more efficient.

Industrial engineering has been, is and will be a function of analysis, of finding facts, of
simplification, of optimizing measurement and control, so there is not and will not be any activity
or operation, or any institution, organization, business or industry, that cannot benefit from its
techniques, and even more so in a country like ours that must compete in the international market
for its survival and for the well-being of our society.

The industrial engineer that the Venezuelan market requires is one who focuses predominantly on
organizational, management or administrative engineering, who studies processes and improves
them from the point of view of time and resource utilization and who has basic knowledge of
Mechanics, Chemistry, Physics, Electricity and Metallurgy primarily.

The person must also be active and constantly updating himself/herself, with the ability to apply
external technologies and in this way, create his/her own Venezuelan technology, necessary to
eliminate the technological dependence we have on other countries.

The plans are established by the Industrial Engineer based on the requirements or demand of the
market and depending on the production capacity of the industrial plant.

Industrial engineering is emerging as an excellent instrument for social action from the point of
view of helping the most needy sectors of the population. There is a need to design productive
companies that generate employment with low investment, that are profitable, that use national
raw materials and that demand technology produced in the country. This task is of great interest
since it represents a great challenge and Industrial Engineering can play an important role in it.
 CONCLUSION

Finally, we will talk about the development of the career in our social environment, since it is
important in the industrial area for its improvement and positioning of engineers with the
challenge of implementing strategies and continuous improvements to the productive processes in
which they are developed.
Industrial engineering is a broad field of work and therefore does not always influence the
productive area or seek improvements in process methods that are influenced by different
functions of people.