DisplayPort

DisplayPort (DP) is a proprietary[a] digital display interface developed by a consortium of PC

DisplayPort
and chip manufacturers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA).
It is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor. It
can also carry audio, USB, and other forms of data.[1]

DisplayPort was designed to replace VGA, FPD-Link, and Digital Visual Interface (DVI). It is Type Digital audio/video connector

backward compatible with other interfaces, such as DVI and High-Definition Multimedia Production history
Interface (HDMI), through the use of either active or passive adapters.[2] Designer VESA
Designed May 2006
It is the first display interface to rely on packetized data transmission, a form of digital
communication found in technologies such as Ethernet, USB, and PCI Express. It permits the use Manufacturer Various
of internal and external display connections. Unlike legacy standards that transmit a clock signal Produced 2008–present
with each output, its protocol is based on small data packets known as micro packets, which can Superseded DVI, VGA, SCART, RGB
embed the clock signal in the data stream, allowing higher resolution using fewer pins.[3] The use Component
of data packets also makes it extensible, meaning more features can be added over time without
Superseded by None
significant changes to the physical interface.[4]
General specifications
DisplayPort is able to transmit audio and video simultaneously, although each can be transmitted Length Various
without the other. The video signal path can range from six to sixteen bits per color channel, and
Hot pluggable Yes
the audio path can have up to eight channels of 24-bit, 192 kHz uncompressed PCM audio.[1] A
External Yes
bidirectional, half-duplex auxiliary channel carries device management and device control data for
the Main Link, such as VESA EDID, MCCS, and DPMS standards. The interface is also capable Audio signal Optional; 1–8 channels, 16 or
of carrying bidirectional USB signals.[5] 24-bit linear PCM; 32–192 kHz
sampling rate; maximum
The interface uses a differential signal that is not compatible with DVI or HDMI. However, dual- bitrate 36,864 kbit/s
mode DisplayPort ports are designed to transmit a single-link DVI or HDMI protocol (TMDS) (4,608 kB/s)
across the interface through the use of an external passive adapter, enabling compatibility mode Video signal Optional, maximum resolution
and converting the signal from 3.3 to 5 volts. For analog VGA/YPbPr and dual-link DVI, a limited by available bandwidth
powered active adapter is required for compatibility and does not rely on dual mode. Active VGA
Pins 20 pins for external connectors
adapters are powered directly by the DisplayPort connector, while active dual-link DVI adapters
on desktops, notebooks,
typically rely on an external power source such as USB.
graphics cards, monitors, etc.
and 30/20 pins for internal
connections between graphics
Versions engines and built-in flat panels.
Data
Data signal Yes
1.0 to 1.1
Bitrate 1.62, 2.7, 5.4, 8.1, 10, 13.5, or
The first version, 1.0, was approved by VESA on 3 May 2006.[6] Version 1.1 was ratified on 2
20 Gbit/s data rate per lane; 1,
April 2007,[7] and version 1.1a on 11 January 2008.[8]
2, or 4 lanes; (effective total
DisplayPort 1.0–1.1a allow a maximum bandwidth of 10.8 Gbit/s (8.64 Gbit/s data rate) over a 5.184, 8.64, 17.28, 25.92,
standard 4-lane main link. DisplayPort cables up to 2 meters in length are required to support the 38.69, 52.22, or 77.37 Gbit/s
for 4-lane link); 2 or 720 Mbit/s
full 10.8 Gbit/s bandwidth.[8] DisplayPort 1.1 allows devices to implement alternative link layers
(effectively 1 or 576 Mbit/s) for
such as fiber optic, allowing a much longer reach between source and display without signal
the auxiliary channel.
degradation,[9] although alternative implementations are not standardized. It also includes HDCP
in addition to DisplayPort Content Protection (DPCP). The DisplayPort 1.1a standard can be Protocol Micro-packet
downloaded free of charge from the VESA website.[10] Pinout

1.2
DisplayPort version 1.2 was introduced on 7 January 2010.[11] The most significant improvement
of this version is the doubling of the data rate to 17.28 Gbit/s in High Bit Rate 2 (HBR2) mode,
which allows increased resolutions, higher refresh rates, and greater color depth, such as External connector (source-side) on PCB
3840 × 2160 at 60 Hz 10 bpc RGB. Other improvements include multiple independent video Pin 1 ML_Lane 0 (p)[a] Lane 0 (+)
streams (daisy-chain connection with multiple monitors) called Multi-Stream Transport (MST), Pin 2 GND Ground
facilities for stereoscopic 3D, increased AUX channel bandwidth (from 1 Mbit/s to 720 Mbit/s),
Pin 3 ML_Lane 0 (n)[a] Lane 0 (−)
more color spaces including xvYCC, scRGB, and Adobe RGB 1998, and Global Time Code
Pin 4 ML_Lane 1 (p)[a] Lane 1 (+)
Pin 5 GND Ground
Pin 6 ML_Lane 1 (n)[a] Lane 1 (−)
(GTC) for sub 1 μs audio/video synchronisation. Also Apple Inc.'s Mini DisplayPort connector, Pin 7 ML_Lane 2 (p)[a] Lane 2 (+)
which is much smaller and designed for laptop computers and other small devices, is compatible Pin 8 GND Ground
with the new standard.[1][12][13][14]
Pin 9 ML_Lane 2 (n)[a] Lane 2 (−)
Pin 10 ML_Lane 3 (p)[a] Lane 3 (+)
1.2a Pin 11 GND Ground
DisplayPort version 1.2a was released in January 2013[15] and may optionally include VESA's Pin 12 ML_Lane 3 (n)[a] Lane 3 (−)
Adaptive Sync.[16] AMD's FreeSync uses the DisplayPort Adaptive-Sync feature for operation.
Pin 13 CONFIG1 Connected
FreeSync was first demonstrated at CES 2014 on a Toshiba Satellite laptop by making use of the
to ground[b]
Panel-Self-Refresh (PSR) feature from the Embedded DisplayPort standard,[17] and after a
Pin 14 CONFIG2 Connected
proposal from AMD, VESA later adapted the Panel-Self-Refresh feature for use in standalone
to ground[b]
displays and added it as an optional feature of the main DisplayPort standard under the name
"Adaptive-Sync" in version 1.2a.[18] As it is an optional feature, support for Adaptive-Sync is not Pin 15 AUX CH (p) Auxiliary
required for a display to be DisplayPort 1.2a-compliant. channel (+)
Pin 16 GND Ground

1.3 Pin 17 AUX CH (n) Auxiliary

channel (−)
DisplayPort version 1.3 was approved on 15 September 2014.[19] This standard increases overall
Pin 18 Hot plug Hot plug
transmission bandwidth to 32.4 Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1 Gbit/s per lane (up
detect
from 5.4 Gbit/s with HBR2 in version 1.2), for a total data throughput of 25.92 Gbit/s after
factoring in 8b/10b encoding overhead. This bandwidth is enough for a 4K UHD display Pin 19 Return Return for
(3840 × 2160) at 120 Hz with 24 bit/px RGB color, a 5K display (5120 × 2880) at 60 Hz with power
30 bit/px RGB color, or an 8K UHD display (7680 × 4320) at 30 Hz with 24 bit/px RGB color. Pin 20 DP_PWR Power for
Using Multi-Stream Transport (MST), a DisplayPort port can drive two 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) connector
displays at 60 Hz, or up to four WQXGA (2560 × 1600) displays at 60 Hz with 24 bit/px RGB (3.3 V
color. The new standard includes mandatory Dual-mode for DVI and HDMI adapters, 500 mA)
implementing the HDMI 2.0 standard and HDCP 2.2 content protection.[20] The Thunderbolt 3
connection standard was originally to include DisplayPort 1.3 capability, but the final release a. This is the pinout for source-side connector,
ended up with only version 1.2 for Intel® 6000 Series Thunderbolt™ 3 Controllers. Later Intel® the sink-side connector pinout will have
7000 Series Thunderbolt™3 Controllers would come to support DisplayPort 1.4 capability lanes 0–3 reversed in order; i.e., lane 3 will
including HDR. The VESA's Adaptive Sync feature in DisplayPort version 1.3 remains an be on pin 1(n) and 3(p) while lane 0 will be
on pin 10(n) and 12(p).
optional part of the specification.[21]
b. Pins 13 and 14 may either be directly
connected to ground or connected to ground
1.4 through a pulldown device.
DisplayPort version 1.4 was published 1 March 2016.[22] No new transmission modes are defined,
so HBR3 (32.4 Gbit/s) as introduced in version 1.3 still remains as the highest available mode.
DisplayPort 1.4 adds support for Display Stream Compression 1.2 (DSC), Forward Error
Correction, HDR10 metadata defined in CTA-861.3, including static and dynamic metadata and
the Rec. 2020 color space, for HDMI interoperability,[23] and extends the maximum number of
inline audio channels to 32.[24]

1.4a
DisplayPort version 1.4a was published in April 2018.[25] VESA made no official press release
for this version. It updated DisplayPort's Display Stream Compression implementation from
DisplayPort connector
DSC 1.2 to 1.2a.[26]

2.0
On 26 June 2019, VESA formally released the DisplayPort 2.0 standard.[27] VESA stated that version 2.0 is
the first major update to the DisplayPort standard since March 2016, and provides up to a ≈3× improvement in
data rate (from 25.92 to 77.37 Gbit/s) compared to the previous version of DisplayPort (1.4a), as well as new
A DisplayPort port (top right) on a
capabilities to address the future performance requirements of traditional displays. These include beyond 8K laptop from 2010, near an Ethernet
resolutions, higher refresh rates and high dynamic range (HDR) support at higher resolutions, improved port (center) and a USB port
support for multiple display configurations, as well as improved user experience with augmented/virtual (bottom right)
reality (AR/VR) displays, including support for 4K-and-beyond VR resolutions.

According to a roadmap published by VESA in September 2016, a new version of DisplayPort was intended to be launched in "early 2017". It would
have improved the link rate from 8.1 to 10.0 Gbit/s, a 23% increase.[28][29] This would have increased the total bandwidth from 32.4 Gbit/s to
40.0 Gbit/s. However, no new version was released in 2017, likely delayed to make further improvements after the HDMI Forum announced in
January 2017 that their next standard (HDMI 2.1) would offer up to 48 Gbit/s of bandwidth. According to a press release on 3 January 2018, "VESA
is also currently engaged with its members in the development of the next DisplayPort standard generation, with plans to increase the data rate
enabled by DisplayPort by two-fold and beyond. VESA plans to publish this update within the next 18 months."[30] At CES 2019, VESA announced
that the new version would support 8K @ 60 Hz without compression and was expected to be released in the first half of 2019.[31]

DP 2.0 configuration examples

With the increased bandwidth enabled by DisplayPort 2.0, VESA offers a high degree of versatility and configurations for higher display resolutions
and refresh rates. In addition to the above-mentioned 8K resolution at 60 Hz with HDR support, DP 2.0 (UHBR20) through USB-C as DisplayPort
Alt Mode enables a variety of high-performance configurations:[32]

Single display resolutions

One 16K (15360 × 8640) display @ 60 Hz with 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
One 10K (10240 × 4320) display @ 60 Hz and 8 bpc (24 bit/px, SDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)
Dual display resolutions
Two 8K (7680 × 4320) displays @ 120 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
Two 4K (3840 × 2160) displays @ 144 Hz and 8 bpc (24 bit/px, SDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)
Triple display resolutions
Three 10K (10240 × 4320) displays @ 60 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
Three 4K (3840 × 2160) displays @ 90 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)

When using only two lanes on the USB-C connector via DP Alt Mode to allow for simultaneous SuperSpeed USB data and video, DP 2.0 can enable
such configurations as:

Three 4K (3840 × 2160) displays @ 144 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
Two 4K × 4K (4096 × 4096) displays (for AR/VR headsets) @ 120 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with
DSC)
Three QHD (2560 × 1440) @ 120 Hz and 8 bpc (24 bit/px, SDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)
One 8K (7680 × 4320) display @ 30 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)

2.1
VESA announced version 2.1 of the DisplayPort standard on 17 October 2022.[33] This version incorporates the new DP40 and DP80 cable
certifications, which test DisplayPort cables for proper operation at the UHBR10 (40 Gbit/s) and UHBR20 (80 Gbit/s) speeds introduced in version
2.0. Additionally, it revises some of the electrical requirements for DisplayPort devices in order to improve integration with USB4. In VESA's words:

DisplayPort 2.1 has tightened its alignment with the USB Type-C specification as well as the USB4 PHY specification to facilitate a
common PHY servicing both DisplayPort and USB4. In addition, DisplayPort 2.1 has added a new DisplayPort bandwidth management
feature to enable DisplayPort tunnelling to coexist with other I/O data traffic more efficiently over the USB4 link.

2.1a
VESA announced version 2.1a of the DisplayPort standard on January 8 2024.[34] This version replaces the DP40 cable certification with the new
DP54 certification, which tests DisplayPort cables for proper operation at the UHBR13.5 (54 Gbit/s) speed introduced in version 2.0.

2.1b
VESA announced version 2.1b of the DisplayPort standard on January 6 2025. It will be released in Spring 2025.[35]

Specifications

Main

DisplayPort version

1.0–1.1a 1.2–1.2a 1.3 1.4–1.4a 2.0–2.1a

[36]
May 2006 (1.0) Jun 2019 (2.0)[27]
Jan 2010 (1.2)[11] Mar 2016 (1.4)[22]
Release date Mar 2007 (1.1)[37] Sep 2014 [19]
Oct 2022 (2.1)[33]
May 2012 (1.2a)[37] Apr 2018 (1.4a)[25]
Jan 2008 (1.1a)[8] Jan 2024 (2.1a)[34]
Main link

Transmission modes:

RBR (1.62 Gbit/s per lane) Yes[38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

HBR (2.70 Gbit/s per lane) [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes

HBR2 (5.40 Gbit/s per lane) No [39]: §2.1.1 Yes Yes Yes
Yes

HBR3 (8.10 Gbit/s per lane) No No Yes[19] Yes Yes

UHBR 10 (10.0 Gbit/s per lane) No No No No Yes

UHBR 13.5 (13.5 Gbit/s per lane) No No No No Yes

UHBR 20 (20.0 Gbit/s per lane) No No No No Yes

Number of lanes [8]: §1.7.1 4 4 4 4

4
[b] 10.80 Gbit/s 21.60 Gbit/s 32.40 Gbit/s 32.40 Gbit/s 80.00 Gbit/s
Maximum total bandwidth
[c] 8.64 Gbit/s 17.28 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 77.37 Gbit/s
Maximum total data rate
[d] [8]: §1.7.1 8b/10b 8b/10b 8b/10b 128b/132b
Encoding scheme 8b/10b
DSC 1.2 (DP 1.4)
Compression (optional) – – – DSC 1.2a
DSC 1.2a (DP 1.4a)

Auxiliary channel

Maximum bandwidth [8]: Fig. 3-3 [39]: §3.4 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s 720 Mbit/s

Maximum data rate [8]: §3.4 [39]: §3.4 1 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s 576 Mbit/s

Encoding scheme [8]: §1.7.2 [39]: §3.4 Manchester II Manchester II Manchester II

Manchester II 8b/10b
Color format support

RGB Yes[38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Y′CBCR 4:4:4 [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Y′CBCR 4:2:2 [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes
Y′CBCR 4:2:0 No No Yes Yes Yes

Y-only (monochrome) No [39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Color depth support

6 bpc (18 bit/px) Yes[38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

8 bpc (24 bit/px) [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

10 bpc (30 bit/px) [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

12 bpc (36 bit/px) [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

16 bpc (48 bit/px) [38]: §1.6.1 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Color space support

ITU-R BT.601 Yes[8]: §2.2.4 Yes Yes Yes Yes

ITU-R BT.709 [8]: §2.2.4 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

sRGB [e] [39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

No Yes

scRGB No [39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

Yes

xvYCC No [39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Adobe RGB (1998) No [39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

Yes

DCI-P3 No Yes[39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

 Simplified color profile No Yes[39]: §2.2.4.3 Yes Yes Yes

ITU-R BT.2020 No No [40]: 4 Yes Yes

Yes
Audio specifications

Max. sample rate [8]: §1.2.5 [39]: §2.2.5.3 768 kHz [22] ?
192 kHz 768 kHz 1536 kHz

Max. sample size [8]: §1.2.5 24 bits 24 bits 24 bits ?

24 bits

Maximum audio channels [8]: §1.2.5 8 8 32 ?

8
1.0–1.1a 1.2–1.2a 1.3 1.4–1.4a 2.0–2.1a

DisplayPort version

a. Only the DisplayPort specification versions 1.0 and 1.1a do not require signing a non-disclosure agreement with VESA.
b. Total bandwidth (the number of binary digits transmitted per second) is equal to the bandwidth per lane of the highest supported
transmission mode multiplied by the number of lanes.
c. While the total bandwidth represents the number of physical bits transmitted across the interface, not all of the bits represent video
data. Some of the transmitted bits are used for encoding purposes, so the rate at which video data can be transmitted across the
DisplayPort interface is only a portion of the total bandwidth.
d. The 8b/10b encoding scheme uses 10 bits of bandwidth to send 8 bits of data, so only 80% of the bandwidth is available for data
throughput. The extra 2 bits are used for DC balancing (ensuring a roughly equal number of 1s and 0s). They consume bandwidth,
but do not represent any data.
e. In DisplayPort 1.0–1.1a, RGB images are simply sent without any specific colorimetry information

Main link
The DisplayPort main link is used for transmission of video and audio. The main link consists of a number of unidirectional serial data channels
which operate concurrently, called lanes. A standard DisplayPort connection has 4 lanes, though some applications of DisplayPort implement more,
such as the Thunderbolt 3 interface which implements up to 8 lanes of DisplayPort.[41]: 4

In a standard DisplayPort connection, each lane has a dedicated set of twisted-pair wires, and transmits data across it using differential signaling. This
is a self-clocking system, so no dedicated clock signal channel is necessary.[8]: §1.7.1 Unlike DVI and HDMI, which vary their transmission speed to
the exact rate required for the specific video format, DisplayPort only operates at a few specific speeds; any excess bits in the transmission are filled
with "stuffing symbols".[8]: §2.2.1.4

In DisplayPort versions 1.0–1.4a, the data is encoded using ANSI 8b/10b encoding prior to transmission. With this scheme, only 8 out of every 10
transmitted bits represent data; the extra bits are used for DC balancing (ensuring a roughly equal number of 1s and 0s). As a result, the rate at which
data can be transmitted is only 80% of the physical bitrate. The transmission speeds are also sometimes expressed in terms of the "Link Symbol
Rate", which is the rate at which these 8b/10b-encoded symbols are transmitted (i.e. the rate at which groups of 10 bits are transmitted, 8 of which
represent data). The following transmission modes are defined in version 1.0–1.4a:

RBR (Reduced Bit Rate): 1.62 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (162 MHz link symbol rate)
HBR (High Bit Rate): 2.70 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (270 MHz link symbol rate)
HBR2 (High Bit Rate 2): 5.40 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (540 MHz link symbol rate), introduced in DP 1.2
HBR3 (High Bit Rate 3): 8.10 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (810 MHz link symbol rate), introduced in DP 1.3
DisplayPort 2.0 uses 128b/132b encoding; each group of 132 transmitted bits represents 128 bits of data. This scheme has an efficiency of
96.96%.[42] In addition, a small amount of overhead is added for the link layer control packet and other miscellaneous operations, resulting in an
overall efficiency of ≈96.7%.[43]: §3.5.2.18 The following transmission modes are added in DP 2.0:

UHBR 10 (Ultra High Bit Rate 10): 10.0 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane
UHBR 13.5 (Ultra High Bit Rate 13.5): 13.5 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane
UHBR 20 (Ultra High Bit Rate 20): 20.0 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane
The total bandwidth of the main link in a standard 4-lane connection is the aggregate of all lanes:

RBR: 4 × 1.62 Gbit/s = 6.48 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 5.184 Gbit/s or 648 MB/s with 8b/10b encoding)
HBR: 4 × 2.70 Gbit/s = 10.80 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 8.64 Gbit/s or 1.08 GB/s)
HBR2: 4 × 5.40 Gbit/s = 21.60 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 17.28 Gbit/s or 2.16 GB/s)
HBR3: 4 × 8.10 Gbit/s = 32.40 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 25.92 Gbit/s or 3.24 GB/s)
UHBR 10: 4 × 10.0 Gbit/s = 40.00 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 38.69 Gbit/s or 4.84 GB/s with 128b/132b encoding and FEC)
UHBR 13.5: 4 × 13.5 Gbit/s = 54.00 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 52.22 Gbit/s or 6.52 GB/s)
UHBR 20: 4 × 20.0 Gbit/s = 80.00 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate of 77.37 Gbit/s or 9.69 GB/s)
The transmission mode used by the DisplayPort main link is negotiated by the source and sink device when a connection is made, through a process
called Link Training. This process determines the maximum possible speed of the connection. If the quality of the DisplayPort cable is insufficient to
reliably handle HBR2 speeds for example, the DisplayPort devices will detect this and switch down to a lower mode to maintain a stable
connection.[8]: §2.1.1 The link can be re-negotiated at any time if a loss of synchronization is detected.[8]: §1.7.3
Audio data is transmitted across the main link during the video blanking intervals (short pauses between each line and frame of video data).[8]: §2.2.5.3

Auxiliary channel
The DisplayPort AUX channel is a half-duplex (bidirectional) data channel used for miscellaneous additional data beyond video and audio, such as
EDID (I2C) or CEC commands.[8]: §2.4 This bidirectional data channel is required, since the video lane signals are unidirectional from source to
display. AUX signals are transmitted across a dedicated set of twisted-pair wires. DisplayPort 1.0 specified Manchester encoding with a 2 MBd
signal rate (1 Mbit/s data rate).[8]: §3.4 Version 1.2 of the DisplayPort standard introduced a second transmission mode called FAUX (Fast AUX),
which operated at 720 Mbit/s with 8b/10b encoding (576 Mbit/s data rate),[39]: §3.4 but it was deprecated in version 1.3.

Cables and connectors

Cables

Compatibility and feature support

All DisplayPort cables are compatible with all DisplayPort devices, regardless of the version of each device or the cable certification level.[44]

All features of DisplayPort will function across any DisplayPort cable. DisplayPort does not have multiple cable designs; all DP cables have the same
basic layout and wiring, and will support any feature including audio, daisy-chaining, G-Sync/FreeSync, HDR, and DSC.

DisplayPort cables differ in their transmission speed support. DisplayPort specifies seven different transmission modes (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3,
UHBR 10, UHBR 13.5, and UHBR 20) which support progressively higher bandwidths. Not all DisplayPort cables are capable of all seven
transmission modes. VESA offers certifications for various levels of bandwidth. These certifications are optional, and not all DisplayPort cables are
certified by VESA.

Cables with limited transmission speed are still compatible with all DisplayPort devices, but may place limits on the maximum resolution or refresh
rate available.

DisplayPort cables are not classified by "version". Although cables are commonly labeled with version numbers, with HBR2 cables advertised as
"DisplayPort 1.2 cables" for example, this notation is not permitted by VESA.[44] The use of version numbers with cables can falsely imply that a
DisplayPort 1.4 display requires a "DisplayPort 1.4 cable", or that features introduced in version 1.4 such as HDR or DSC will not function with
older "DP 1.2 cables". DisplayPort cables are classified only by their bandwidth certification level (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3, etc.), if they have
been certified at all.

Cable bandwidth and certifications

Not all DisplayPort cables are capable of functioning at the highest levels of bandwidth. Cables may be submitted to VESA for an optional
certification at various bandwidth levels. VESA offers five levels of cable certification: Standard, DP8K, DP40, DP54, and DP80.[43]: §4.1 These
certify DisplayPort cables for proper operation at the following speeds:

DisplayPort cable certifications

Transmission Minimum required

Transmission mode
bit rate cable certification
RBR (Reduced Bit Rate) 6.48 Gbit/s

HBR (High Bit Rate) 10.80 Gbit/s Standard VESA-certified DisplayPort cable

HBR2 (High Bit Rate 2) 21.60 Gbit/s

HBR3 (High Bit Rate 3) 32.40 Gbit/s DP8K DisplayPort cable

UHBR10 (Ultra High Bit Rate 10) 40.00 Gbit/s DP40 cable

UHBR13.5 (Ultra High Bit Rate 13.5) 54.00 Gbit/s DP54 cable
UHBR20 (Ultra High Bit Rate 20) 80.00 Gbit/s DP80 cable

In April 2013, VESA published an article stating that the DisplayPort cable certification did not have distinct tiers for HBR and HBR2 bandwidth,
and that any certified standard DisplayPort cable—including those certified under DisplayPort 1.1—would be able to handle the 21.6 Gbit/s
bandwidth of HBR2 that was introduced with the DisplayPort 1.2 standard.[44] The DisplayPort 1.2 standard defines only a single specification for
High Bit Rate cable assemblies, which is used for both HBR and HBR2 speeds, although the DP cable certification process is governed by the
DisplayPort PHY Compliance Test Standard (CTS) and not the DisplayPort standard itself.[39]: §5.7.1, §4.1

The DP8K certification was announced by VESA in January 2018, and certifies cables for proper operation at HBR3 speeds (8.1 Gbit/s per lane,
32.4 Gbit/s total).[45]

In June 2019, with the release of version 2.0 of the DisplayPort Standard, VESA announced that the DP8K certification was also sufficient for the
new UHBR10 transmission mode. No new certifications were announced for the UHBR13.5 and UHBR20 modes. VESA is encouraging displays to
use tethered cables for these speeds, rather than releasing standalone cables onto the market.[42]
It should also be noted that the use of Display Stream Compression (DSC), introduced in DisplayPort 1.4, greatly reduces the bandwidth
requirements for the cable. Formats which would normally be beyond the limits of DisplayPort 1.4, such as 4K (3840 × 2160) at 144 Hz 8 bpc
RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 (31.4 Gbit/s data rate when uncompressed), can only be implemented by using DSC. This would reduce the physical bandwidth
requirements by 2–3×, placing it well within the capabilities of an HBR2-rated cable.

This exemplifies why DisplayPort cables are not classified by "version"; although DSC was introduced in version 1.4, this does not mean it needs a
so-called "DP 1.4 cable" (an HBR3-rated cable) to function. HBR3 cables are only required for applications which exceed HBR2-level bandwidth,
not simply any application involving DisplayPort 1.4. If DSC is used to reduce the bandwidth requirements to HBR2 levels, then an HBR2-rated
cable will be sufficient.

In version 2.1, VESA introduced the DP40 and DP80 cable certification tiers, which validate cables for UHBR10 and UHBR20 speeds respectively.
DisplayPort 2.1a introduced DP54 cable certification for UHBR13.5 speed.

Cable length
The DisplayPort standard does not specify any maximum length for cables, though the DisplayPort 1.2 standard does set a minimum requirement that
all cables up to 2 meters in length must support HBR2 speeds (21.6 Gbit/s), and all cables of any length must support RBR speeds
(6.48 Gbit/s).[39]: §5.7.1, §4.1 Cables longer than 2 meters may or may not support HBR/HBR2 speeds, and cables of any length may or may not
support HBR3 speeds or above.

Connectors and pin configuration

DisplayPort cables and ports may have either a "full-size" connector or a "mini" connector. These connectors
differ only in physical shape—the capabilities of DisplayPort are the same regardless of which connector is
used. Using a Mini DisplayPort connector does not affect performance or feature support of the connection.

Full-size DisplayPort connector

The standard DisplayPort connector (now referred to as a "full-size" connector to distinguish it from the mini
connector)[39]: §4.1.1 was the sole connector type introduced in DisplayPort 1.0. It is a 20-pin single-orientation
connector with a friction lock and an optional mechanical latch. The standard DisplayPort receptacle has
dimensions of 16.10 mm (width) × 4.76 mm (height) × 8.88 mm (depth).[8]: §4.2.1.7, p201

The standard DisplayPort connector pin allocation is as follows:[8]: §4.2.1

DisplayPort output on a computer
12 pins for the main link – the main link consists of four shielded twisted pairs. Each pair
requires 3 pins; one for each of the two wires, and a third for the shield.[8]: §4.1.2, p183 (pins 1–12)
2 additional ground pins – (pins 13 and 14)
3 pins for the auxiliary channel – the auxiliary channel uses another 3-pin shielded twisted pair (pins 15–17)
1 pin for HPD – hot-plug detection (pin 18)
2 pins for power – 3.3 V power and return line (pins 19 and 20)

Mini DisplayPort connector

The Mini DisplayPort connector was developed by Apple for use in their computer products. It was first announced in
October 2008 for use in the new MacBooks and Cinema Display. In 2009, VESA adopted it as an official standard,
and in 2010 the specification was merged into the main DisplayPort standard with the release of DisplayPort 1.2.
Apple freely licenses the specification to VESA.

The Mini DisplayPort (mDP) connector is a 20-pin single-orientation connector with a friction lock. Unlike the full-
size connector, it does not have an option for a mechanical latch. The mDP receptacle has dimensions of 7.50 mm
(width) × 4.60 mm (height) × 4.99 mm (depth).[46]: §2.1.3.6, pp27–31 The mDP pin assignments are the same as the full-
size DisplayPort connector.[46]: §2.1.3

Mini DisplayPort plug

DP_PWR (pin 20)
Pin 20 on the DisplayPort connector, called DP_PWR, provides 3.3 V (±10%) DC power at up to 500 mA (minimum
power delivery of 1.5 W).[8]: §3.2 This power is available from all DisplayPort receptacles, on both source and display devices. DP_PWR is intended
to provide power for adapters, amplified cables, and similar devices, so that a separate power cable is not necessary.

Standard DisplayPort cable connections do not use the DP_PWR pin. Connecting the DP_PWR pins of two devices directly together through a cable
can create a short circuit which can potentially damage devices, since the DP_PWR pins on two devices are unlikely to have exactly the same voltage
(especially with a ±10% tolerance).[47] For this reason, the DisplayPort 1.1 and later standards specify that passive DisplayPort-to-DisplayPort cables
must leave pin 20 unconnected.[8]: §3.2.2

However, in 2013 VESA announced that after investigating reports of malfunctioning DisplayPort devices, it had discovered that a large number of
non-certified vendors were manufacturing their DisplayPort cables with the DP_PWR pin connected:
 Recently VESA has experienced quite a few complaints regarding troublesome DisplayPort operation that ended up being caused by
improperly made DisplayPort cables. These "bad" DisplayPort cables are generally limited to non-DisplayPort certified cables, or off-
brand cables. To further investigate this trend in the DisplayPort cable market, VESA purchased a number of non-certified, off-brand
cables and found that an alarmingly high number of these were configured improperly and would likely not support all system
configurations. None of these cables would have passed the DisplayPort certification test, moreover some of these cables could potentially
damage a PC, laptop, or monitor.

The stipulation that the DP_PWR wire be omitted from standard DisplayPort cables was not present in the DisplayPort 1.0 standard. However,
DisplayPort products (and cables) did not begin to appear on the market until 2008, long after version 1.0 had been replaced by version 1.1. The
DisplayPort 1.0 standard was never implemented in commercial products.[48]

Resolution and refresh frequency limits

The tables below describe the refresh frequencies that can be achieved with each transmission mode. In general, maximum refresh frequency is
determined by the transmission mode (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3, UHBR10, UHBR13.5, or UHBR20). These transmission modes were introduced
to the DisplayPort standard as follows:

RBR and HBR were defined in the initial release of the DisplayPort standard, version 1.0
HBR2 was introduced in version 1.2
HBR3 was introduced in version 1.3
UHBR10, UHBR13.5, and UHBR20 were introduced in version 2.0
However, transmission mode support is not necessarily dictated by a device's claimed "DisplayPort version number". For example, older versions of
the DisplayPort Marketing Guidelines allowed a device to be labeled as "DisplayPort 1.2" if it supported the MST feature, even if it didn't support the
HBR2 transmission mode.[49]: 9 Newer versions of the guidelines have removed this clause, and currently (as of the June 2018 revision) there are no
guidelines on the usage of DisplayPort version numbers in products.[50] DisplayPort "version numbers" are therefore not a reliable indication of what
transmission speeds a device can support.

In addition, individual devices may have their own arbitrary limitations beyond transmission speed. For example, NVIDIA Kepler GK104 GPUs
(such as the GeForce GTX 680 and 770) support "DisplayPort 1.2" with the HBR2 transmission mode, but are limited to 540 Mpx/s, only 3⁄4 of the
maximum possible with HBR2.[51] Consequently, certain devices may have limitations that differ from those listed in the following tables.

To support a particular format, the source and display devices must both support the required transmission mode, and the DisplayPort cable must
also be capable of handling the required bandwidth of that transmission mode. (See: Cables and connectors)

Refresh frequency limits for common resolutions

The maximum limits for the RBR and HBR modes are calculated using standard data rate calculations.[52] For UHBR modes, the limits are based on
the data efficiency calculations provided by the DisplayPort standard.[53]: §3.5.2.18 All calculations assume uncompressed RGB video with CVT-RB
v2 timing. Maximum limits may differ if compression (i.e. DSC) or Y′CBCR 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling are used.

Display manufacturers may also use non-standard blanking intervals rather than CVT-RB v2 to achieve even higher frequencies when bandwidth is a
constraint. The refresh frequencies in the below table do not represent the absolute maximum limit of each interface, but rather an estimate based on
a modern standardized timing formula. The minimum blanking intervals (and therefore the exact maximum frequency that can be achieved) will
depend on the display and how many secondary data packets it requires, and therefore will differ from model to model.

Video format Transmission mode, and maximum data rate

Channel RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20

Short- color
Resolution 5.184 Gbit/s 8.64 Gbit/s 17.28 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 38.68 Gbit/s 52.22 Gbit/s 77.37 Gbit/s
hand depth
(bits) Maximum refresh frequency with CVT-RB v2 timing, uncompressed (Hz)

8 95 154 288 406 555 688 884

1080p 1920 × 1080
10 77 125 237 337 468 587 770

8 55 90 174 251 354 452 609

1440p 2560 × 1440
10 44 73 141 205 293 378 516
8 41 68 133 193 277 358 491
UWQHD 3440 × 1440
10 33 55 107 157 227 296 412

8 41 81 120 174 229 323

4K 3840 × 2160
10 33 65 97 142 187 267

8 47 69 102 136 195

5K 5120 × 2880
10 37 56 82 110 159
8 31 47 63 92
8K 7680 × 4320
10 37 50 74
 Below 30 Hz
30–60 Hz
60–120 Hz
120–240 Hz
Above 240 Hz

Refresh frequency limits for standard video

Color depth of 8 bpc (24 bit/px or 16.7 million colors) is assumed for all formats in these tables. This is the standard color depth used on most
computer displays. Note that some operating systems refer to this as "32-bit" color depth—this is the same as 24-bit color depth. The 8 extra bits are
for alpha channel information, which is only present in software. At the transmission stage, this information has already been incorporated into the
primary color channels, so the actual video data transmitted across the cable only contains 24 bits per pixel.

Limits for uncompressed RGB / Y′CBCR 4:4:4 video only

Video format Transmission mode, and maximum data rate[a]

Refresh RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20
Data rate
Shorthand Resolution rate
(Hz) required[b] 5.184 Gbit/s 8.64 Gbit/s 17.28 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 38.69 Gbit/s 52.22 Gbit/s 77.37 Gbit/s

60 3.20 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

85 4.59 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

1920 ×
1080p 120 6.59 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1080
144 8.00 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

240 14.00 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

30 2.78 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

60 5.63 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

85 8.07 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

2560 ×
1440p 120 11.59 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1440
144 14.08 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

165 16.30 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

240 24.62 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

24 4.93 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

30 6.18 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

60 12.54 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
3840 × 75 15.79 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4K
2160
120 25.82 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
144 31.35 Gbit/s No No No No Yes Yes Yes

240 54.84 Gbit/s No No No No No [c] Yes

Yes

24 8.73 Gbit/s No [c] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
30 10.94 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

60 22.18 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

5120 ×
5K 120 45.66 Gbit/s No No No No No Yes Yes
2880
144 55.44 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

180 70.54 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

240 96.98 Gbit/s No No No No No No No

24 19.53 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

30 24.48 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

7680 ×
8K 60 49.65 Gbit/s No No No No No Yes Yes
4320
85 71.17 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

120 102.20 Gbit/s No No No No No No No

RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR 10 UHBR 13.5 UHBR 20

Transmission mode

a. Only a portion of DisplayPort's bandwidth is used for carrying video data. The RBR, HBR, HBR2, and HBR3 transmission modes
use 8b/10b encoding, which means that 80% of the bits transmitted across the link represent data, and the other 20% are used for
encoding purposes. The maximum bit rates of these modes (6.48, 10.8, 21.6, and 32.4 Gbit/s) therefore transport video data at
 rates of 5.184, 8.64, 17.28, and 25.92 Gbit/s respectively. DisplayPort UHBR modes use 128b/132b encoding, and therefore the
maximum bit rates of UHBR10, 13.5, and 20 (40, 54, and 80 Gbit/s) transport data at rates of 38.69, 52.22, and 77.37 Gbit/s.
b. These data rates are for uncompressed 8 bpc (24 bit/px) color depth with RGB or YCBCR 4:4:4 color format and CVT-R2 timing.
Uncompressed data rate for RGB video in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel × pixels per frame × frames per second.
Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT-R2.
c. Although this format slightly exceeds the maximum data rate of this transmission mode with CVT-R2 timing, it is close enough to be
achieved with non-standard timings
 Limits including compression and chroma subsampling

Video format Transmission mode, and maximum data rate[a]

Refresh RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20
Data rate
Shorthand Resolution rate
(Hz) required[b] 5.184 Gbit/s 8.64 Gbit/s 17.28 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 38.69 Gbit/s 52.22 Gbit/s 77.37 Gbit/s

60 3.20 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

85 4.59 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

[c]
DSC or
120 6.59 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1080p
1920 × 4:2:2[d]
1080
DSC or
144 8.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0

DSC or
240 14.00 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0
30 2.78 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC or
60 5.63 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC or
85 8.07 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0
DSC or
2560 × 120 11.59 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1440p 4:2:2
1440
DSC or
144 14.08 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0

DSC + DSC or
165 16.30 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2[e] 4:2:0

DSC or
240 24.62 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:0 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2
24 4.93 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC or
30 6.18 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC or
60 12.54 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2
DSC or
3840 × 75 15.79 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4K 4:2:0
2160
DSC or
120 25.82 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:0 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC + DSC or DSC or

144 31.35 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:0 Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2 4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or
240 54.84 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC
4:2:2 Yes[f] Yes

DSC or
24 8.73 Gbit/s
4:2:0 Yes[f] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC or
30 10.94 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2
DSC or
60 22.18 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

5120 × DSC + DSC or DSC or

5K 120 45.66 Gbit/s No DSC Yes Yes
2880 4:2:0 4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or DSC or
144 55.44 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes
4:2:2 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
180 70.54 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or DSC or

240 96.98 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:0 DSC + 4:2:2
4:2:0 4:2:0 4:2:2
8K 7680 × DSC or
24 19.53 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4320 4:2:2

DSC or
30 24.48 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:0 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC + DSC or DSC or

60 49.65 Gbit/s No DSC Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or DSC or
85 71.17 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
120 102.20 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:0 DSC + 4:2:2 DSC
4:2:0 4:2:2
 DSC or
144 124.09 Gbit/s No No No DSC + 4:2:0 DSC + 4:2:2 DSC
4:2:0
240 217.10 Gbit/s No No No No DSC + 4:2:0 DSC + 4:2:2 DSC

RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20

Transmission mode

a. Only a portion of DisplayPort's bandwidth is used for carrying video data. The RBR, HBR, HBR2, and HBR3 transmission modes
use 8b/10b encoding, which means that 80% of the bits transmitted across the link represent data, and the other 20% are used for
encoding purposes. The maximum bit rates of these modes (6.48, 10.8, 21.6, and 32.4 Gbit/s) therefore transport video data at
rates of 5.184, 8.64, 17.28, and 25.92 Gbit/s respectively. DisplayPort UHBR modes use 128b/132b encoding, and therefore the
maximum bit rates of UHBR10, 13.5, and 20 (40, 54, and 80 Gbit/s) transport data at rates of 38.69, 52.22, and 77.37 Gbit/s.
b. These data rates are for uncompressed 8 bpc (24 bit/px) color depth with RGB or YCBCR 4:4:4 color format and CVT-R2 timing.
Uncompressed data rate for RGB video in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel × pixels per frame × frames per second.
Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT-R2.
c. This format can only be achieved with full RGB color if DSC (display stream compression) is used.
d. This format can only be achieved uncompressed if the YCBCR format with either 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling (as noted) is
used
e. This format can only be achieved if DSC is used together with either YCbCr 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling (as noted)
f. Although this format slightly exceeds the maximum data rate of this transmission mode with CVT-R2 timing, it is close enough to be
achieved with non-standard timings

Refresh frequency limits for HDR video

Color depth of 10 bpc (30 bit/px or 1.07 billion colors) is assumed for all formats in these tables. This color depth is a requirement for various
common HDR standards, such as HDR10. It requires 25% more bandwidth than standard 8 bpc video.

HDR extensions were defined in version 1.4 of the DisplayPort standard. Some displays support these HDR extensions, but may only implement
HBR2 transmission mode if the extra bandwidth of HBR3 is unnecessary (for example, on 4K 60 Hz HDR displays). Since there is no definition of
what constitutes a "DisplayPort 1.4" device, some manufacturers may choose to label these as "DP 1.2" devices despite their support for DP 1.4 HDR
extensions.[54] As a result, DisplayPort "version numbers" should not be used as an indicator of HDR support.
 Limits for uncompressed RGB / Y′CBCR 4:4:4 video only

Video format Transmission mode, and maximum data rate[a]

Refresh RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20
Data rate
Shorthand Resolution rate
(Hz) required[b] 5.184 Gbit/s 8.64 Gbit/s 17.28 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 38.69 Gbit/s 52.22 Gbit/s 77.37 Gbit/s

60 4.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

100 6.80 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

1920 × 120 8.24 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1080p
1080
144 10.00 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

240 17.50 Gbit/s No No [c] Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
30 3.47 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
60 7.04 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

75 8.86 Gbit/s No [c] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
2560 ×
1440p 120 14.49 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1440
144 17.60 Gbit/s No No [c] Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes
200 25.12 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

240 30.77 Gbit/s No No No No Yes Yes Yes

30 7.73 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

60 15.68 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

98 26.07 Gbit/s No No No [c] Yes Yes Yes

Yes
3840 ×
4K 120 32.27 Gbit/s No No No No Yes Yes Yes
2160
144 39.19 Gbit/s No No No No [c] Yes Yes
Yes
180 49.85 Gbit/s No No No No No Yes Yes

240 68.56 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

30 13.67 Gbit/s No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

50 22.99 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

60 27.72 Gbit/s No No No No Yes Yes Yes

5120 × [c]
5K 85 39.75 Gbit/s No No No No Yes Yes Yes
2880
100 47.10 Gbit/s No No No No No Yes Yes
120 57.08 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

144 69.30 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

24 24.41 Gbit/s No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

30 30.60 Gbit/s No No No No Yes Yes Yes
7680 × 50 51.47 Gbit/s No No No No No Yes Yes
8K
4320
60 62.06 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes

75 78.13 Gbit/s No No No No No No Yes[c]

RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20

Transmission mode

a. Only a portion of DisplayPort's bandwidth is used for carrying video data. The RBR, HBR, HBR2, and HBR3 transmission modes
use 8b/10b encoding, which means that 80% of the bits transmitted across the link represent data, and the other 20% are used for
encoding purposes. The maximum bit rates of these modes (6.48, 10.8, 21.6, and 32.4 Gbit/s) therefore transport video data at
rates of 5.184, 8.64, 17.28, and 25.92 Gbit/s respectively. DisplayPort UHBR modes use 128b/132b encoding, and therefore the
maximum bit rates of UHBR10, 13.5, and 20 (40, 54, and 80 Gbit/s) transport data at rates of 38.69, 52.22, and 77.37 Gbit/s.
b. These data rates are for uncompressed 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth with RGB or YCBCR 4:4:4 color format and CVT-R2 timing.
Uncompressed data rate for RGB video in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel × pixels per frame × frames per second.
Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT-R2.
c. Although this format slightly exceeds the maximum data rate of this transmission mode with CVT-R2 timing, it is close enough to be
achieved with non-standard timings
 Limits including compression and chroma subsampling

Video format Transmission mode, and maximum data rate[a]

Refresh RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20
Data rate
Shorthand Resolution rate
(Hz) required[b] 5.184 Gbit/s 8.64 Gbit/s 17.28 Gbit/s 25.92 Gbit/s 38.69 Gbit/s 52.22 Gbit/s 77.37 Gbit/s

60 4.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC[c] or
100 6.80 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2[d]

1920 × DSC or
1080p 120 8.24 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1080 4:2:0

DSC or DSC or
144 10.00 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or
240 17.50 Gbit/s DSC
4:2:0 Yes[e] Yes Yes Yes Yes

30 3.47 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC or
60 7.04 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC or
75 8.86 Gbit/s
4:2:0 Yes[e] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC or
2560 × 120 14.49 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
1440p 4:2:0
1440
DSC or
144 17.60 Gbit/s DSC
4:2:0 Yes[e] Yes Yes Yes Yes

DSC + DSC or
200 25.12 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0[f] 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
240 30.77 Gbit/s No DSC Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or
30 7.73 Gbit/s Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC or
60 15.68 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0

DSC or
75 19.74 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2
DSC or
98 26.07 Gbit/s No DSC
4:2:2 Yes[e] Yes Yes Yes
3840 ×
4K
2160 DSC + DSC or DSC or
120 32.27 Gbit/s No Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2 4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC + DSC or
144 39.19 Gbit/s No DSC Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or DSC or
180 49.85 Gbit/s No No DSC Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
240 68.56 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or
30 13.67 Gbit/s DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0
DSC or
50 22.99 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:0 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
60 27.72 Gbit/s No DSC Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2
5120 × DSC or DSC or
5K 100 47.10 Gbit/s No No DSC Yes Yes
2880 4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
120 57.08 Gbit/s No No DSC DSC Yes
4:2:2 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
144 69.30 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or
240 121.23 Gbit/s No No No DSC + 4:2:0 DSC DSC
4:2:0

8K 7680 × DSC or
24 24.41 Gbit/s DSC + 4:2:0 DSC Yes Yes Yes Yes
4320 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
30 30.60 Gbit/s No DSC Yes Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2
DSC or DSC or
50 51.47 Gbit/s No No DSC Yes Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2

DSC or DSC or
60 62.06 Gbit/s No No DSC DSC Yes
4:2:0 4:2:2
 DSC or DSC or
75 78.13 Gbit/s No No DSC + 4:2:0 DSC
4:2:0 4:2:2 Yes[e]

DSC or
120 127.75 Gbit/s No No No No DSC DSC
4:2:0

DSC or
144 155.11 Gbit/s No No No No DSC + 4:2:2 DSC
4:2:0

240 271.37 Gbit/s No No No No No No DSC

RBR HBR HBR2 HBR3 UHBR10 UHBR13.5 UHBR20

Transmission mode

a. Only a portion of DisplayPort's bandwidth is used for carrying video data. The RBR, HBR, HBR2, and HBR3 transmission modes
use 8b/10b encoding, which means that 80% of the bits transmitted across the link represent data, and the other 20% are used for
encoding purposes. The maximum bit rates of these modes (6.48, 10.8, 21.6, and 32.4 Gbit/s) therefore transport video data at
rates of 5.184, 8.64, 17.28, and 25.92 Gbit/s respectively. DisplayPort UHBR modes use 128b/132b encoding, and therefore the
maximum bit rates of UHBR10, 13.5, and 20 (40, 54, and 80 Gbit/s) transport data at rates of 38.69, 52.22, and 77.37 Gbit/s.
b. These data rates are for uncompressed 10 bpc (30 bit/px) color depth with RGB or YCBCR 4:4:4 color format and CVT-R2 timing.
Uncompressed data rate for RGB video in bits per second is calculated as bits per pixel × pixels per frame × frames per second.
Pixels per frame includes blanking intervals as defined by CVT-R2.
c. This format can only be achieved with full RGB color if DSC (display stream compression) is used. A compression ratio of 3.75:1
(8 bit/px compression) is assumed here.
d. This format can only be achieved uncompressed if the YCBCR format with either 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 chroma subsampling (as noted) is
used
e. Although this format slightly exceeds the maximum data rate of this transmission mode with CVT-R2 timing, it is close enough to be
achieved with non-standard timings
f. This format can only be achieved if DSC and chroma subsampling are used together. The DisplayPort standard permits lower
values for DSC output size when subsampling is used; 6 bit/px for 4:2:0 subsampling and 7 bit/px for 4:2:2 subsampling, compared
to 8 bit/px for non-subsampled output (RGB and 4:4:4).

Features

DisplayPort version

1.0 1.1–1.1a 1.2–1.2a 1.3 1.4–1.4a 2.0

Hot-pluggable Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Inline audio Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

DisplayPort content
protection (DPCP) DPCP 1.0[38]: §1.2.6 DPCP 1.0 DPCP 1.0 DPCP 1.0 DPCP 1.0 DPCP 1.0

High-bandwidth digital
content protection (HDCP)
No HDCP 1.3[8]: §1.2.6 HDCP 1.3[39]: §1.2.6 HDCP 2.2[19] HDCP 2.2 HDCP 2.2

Dual-mode (DP++) No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Maximum DP++ bandwidth 4.95 Gbit/s 9.00 Gbit/s 18.00 Gbit/s 18.00 Gbit/s 18.00 Gbit/s
—
(TMDS Clock) (165 MHz) (300 MHz) (600 MHz) (600 MHz) (600 MHz)

Stereoscopic 3D video No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Multi-stream transport (MST) No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

High-dynamic-range video (HDR) No No No No Yes Yes

DSC 1.2 (DP 1.4)

Display stream compression (DSC) No No No No DSC 1.2a
DSC 1.2a (DP 1.4a)

Panel replay No No No No No Yes[42]

DisplayPort Dual-Mode (DP++)

DisplayPort Dual-Mode (DP++), also called Dual-Mode DisplayPort, is a standard which allows DisplayPort sources to use
simple passive adapters to connect to HDMI or DVI displays, and allows DisplayPort displays to use simple passive adapters to
connect HDMI or DVI sources. Dual-mode is an optional feature, so not all DisplayPort sources necessarily support
DVI/HDMI passive adapters, though in practice nearly all devices do. Officially, the "DP++" logo should be used to indicate a
Dual-mode
DisplayPort logo DP port that supports dual-mode, but most modern devices do not use the logo.[55]

Devices which implement dual-mode will detect that a DVI or HDMI adapter is attached, and send DVI/HDMI TMDS signals
instead of DisplayPort signals. The original DisplayPort Dual-Mode standard (version 1.0), used in DisplayPort 1.1 devices, only supported TMDS
clock speeds of up to 165 MHz (4.95 Gbit/s bandwidth). This is equivalent to HDMI 1.2, and is sufficient for up to 1920 × 1200 at 60 Hz.
In 2013, VESA released the Dual-Mode 1.1 standard, which added support for up to a 300 MHz TMDS Dual-mode pin mapping
clock (9.00 Gbit/s bandwidth), and is used in newer DisplayPort 1.2 devices. This is slightly less than the DisplayPort pins DVI/HDMI mode
340 MHz maximum of HDMI 1.4, and is sufficient for up to 1920 × 1080 at 120 Hz, 2560 × 1440 at 60 Hz,
Main link lane 0 TMDS channel 2
or 3840 × 2160 at 30 Hz. Older adapters, which were only capable of the 165 MHz speed, were
retroactively termed "Type 1" adapters, with the new 300 MHz adapters being called "Type 2". [56] Main link lane 1 TMDS channel 1
Main link lane 2 TMDS channel 0

Dual-mode limitations Main link lane 3 TMDS clock

AUX CH+ DDC clock

Limited adapter speed – Although the pinout and digital signal values transmitted by the DP
port are identical to a native DVI/HDMI TMDS source, the transmission lines on a DisplayPort AUX CH− DDC data
source are AC-coupled (a series capacitor isolates the line from passing DC voltages) while
DP_PWR DP_PWR
DVI and HDMI TMDS are DC-coupled. As a result, dual-mode adapters must contain a level-
shifting circuit which couples the signal lines to a DC source. [55]: §5.5 The presence of this Hot-plug detect Hot-plug detect
circuit places a limit on how quickly the adapter can operate, and therefore newer adapters Config 1 Cable adapter detect
are required for each higher speed added to the standard.
Config 2 CEC (HDMI only)
Unidirectional – Although the dual-mode standard specifies a method for DisplayPort
sources to output DVI/HDMI signals using simple passive adapters, there is no counterpart
standard to give DisplayPort displays the ability to receive DVI/HDMI input signals through
passive adapters. As a result, DisplayPort displays can only receive native DisplayPort signals;
any DVI or HDMI input signals must be converted to the DisplayPort format with an active
conversion device. DVI and HDMI sources cannot be connected to DisplayPort displays using
passive adapters.
Single-link DVI only – Since DisplayPort dual-mode operates by using the pins of the
DisplayPort connector to send DVI/HDMI signals, the 20-pin DisplayPort connector can only
produce a single-link DVI signal (which uses 19 pins). A dual-link DVI signal uses 25 pins, and is
therefore impossible to transmit natively from a DisplayPort connector through a passive
A DisplayPort to DVI adapter after
adapter. Dual-link DVI signals can only be produced by converting from native DisplayPort
output signals with an active conversion device. removing its enclosure. The chip on
the board converts the voltage
Unavailable on USB-C – The DisplayPort Alternate Mode specification for sending DisplayPort
levels generated by the dual-mode
signals over a USB-C cable does not include support for the dual-mode protocol. As a result,
DisplayPort device to be compatible
DP-to-DVI and DP-to-HDMI passive adapters do not function when chained from a USB-C to DP
with a DVI monitor. Despite the chip,
adapter.
this is often categorized as a
passive adapter, as no significant
protocol translation is taking place.
Multi-Stream Transport (MST)
Multi-Stream Transport is a feature first introduced in the DisplayPort 1.2 standard. It allows multiple
independent displays to be driven from a single DP port on the source devices by multiplexing several video streams into a single stream and sending
it to a branch device, which demultiplexes the signal into the original streams. Branch devices are commonly found in the form of an MST hub,
which plugs into a single DP input port and provides multiple outputs, but it can also be implemented on a display internally to provide a DP output
port for daisy-chaining, effectively embedding a 2-port MST hub inside the display.[39]: Fig. 2-59 [57] Theoretically, up to 63 displays can be
supported,[39]: 20 but the combined data rate requirements of all the displays cannot exceed the limits of a single DP port (17.28 Gbit/s for a DP 1.2
port, or 25.92 Gbit/s for a DP 1.3/1.4 port). In addition, the maximum number of links between the source and any device (i.e. the maximum length
of a daisy-chain) is 7,[39]: §2.5.2 and the maximum number of physical output ports on each branch device (such as a hub) is 7.[39]: §2.5.1 With the
release of MST, standard single-display operation has been retroactively named "SST" mode (Single-Stream Transport).

Daisy-chaining is a feature that must be specifically supported by each intermediary display; not all DisplayPort 1.2 devices support it. Daisy-
chaining requires a dedicated DisplayPort output port on the display. Standard DisplayPort input ports found on most displays cannot be used as a
daisy-chain output. Only the last display in the daisy-chain does not need to support the feature specifically or have a DP output port. DisplayPort 1.1
displays can also be connected to MST hubs, and can be part of a DisplayPort daisy-chain if it is the last display in the chain.[39]: §2.5.1

The host system's software also needs to support MST for hubs or daisy-chains to work. While Microsoft Windows environments have full support
for it, Apple operating systems currently do not support MST hubs or DisplayPort daisy-chaining as of macOS 10.15 ("Catalina").[58][59]
DisplayPort-to-DVI and DisplayPort-to-HDMI adapters/cables may or may not function from an MST output port; support for this depends on the
specific device.

MST is supported by USB Type-C DisplayPort Alternate Mode, so standard DisplayPort daisy-chains and MST hubs do function from Type-C
sources with a simple Type-C to DisplayPort adapter.[60]

High dynamic range (HDR)

Support for HDR video was introduced in DisplayPort 1.4. It implements the CTA 861.3 standard for transport of static HDR metadata in EDID.[22]

Content protection
DisplayPort 1.0 includes optional DPCP (DisplayPort Content Protection) from Philips, which uses 128-bit AES encryption. It also features full
authentication and session key establishment. Each encryption session is independent, and it has an independent revocation system. This portion of
the standard is licensed separately. It also adds the ability to verify the proximity of the receiver and transmitter, a technique intended to ensure users
are not bypassing the content protection system to send data out to distant, unauthorized users.[8]: §6
DisplayPort 1.1 added optional implementation of industry-standard 56-bit HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) revision 1.3, which
requires separate licensing from the Digital Content Protection LLC.[8]: §1.2.6

DisplayPort 1.3 added support for HDCP 2.2, which is also used by HDMI 2.0.[19]

Cost
VESA, the creators of the DisplayPort standard, state that the standard is royalty-free to implement. However, in March 2015, MPEG LA issued a
press release stating that a royalty rate of $0.20 per unit applies to DisplayPort products manufactured or sold in countries that are covered by one or
more of the patents in the MPEG LA license pool, which includes patents from Hitachi Maxell, Philips, Lattice Semiconductor, Rambus, and
Sony.[61][62] In response, VESA updated their DisplayPort FAQ page with the following statement:[63]

MPEG LA is making claims that DisplayPort implementation requires a license and a royalty payment. It is important to note that these are
only CLAIMS. Whether these CLAIMS are relevant will likely be decided in a US court.

As of August 2019, VESA's official FAQ no longer contains a statement mentioning the MPEG LA royalty fees.

While VESA does not charge any per-device royalty fees, VESA requires membership for access to said standards.[64] The minimum cost is presently
$5,000 (or $10,000 depending on Annual Corporate Sales Revenue) annually.[65]

Advantages over DVI, VGA and FPD-Link

In December 2010, several computer vendors and display makers including Intel, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung and LG announced they would
begin phasing out FPD-Link, VGA, and DVI-I over the next few years, replacing them with DisplayPort and HDMI.[66][67][68]

DisplayPort has several advantages over VGA, DVI, and FPD-Link.[69]

Standard available to all VESA members with an extensible standard to help broad adoption[70]
Fewer lanes with embedded self-clock, reduced EMI with data scrambling and spread spectrum mode
Based on a micro-packet protocol
Allows easy expansion of the standard with multiple data types
Flexible allocation of available bandwidth between audio and video
Multiple video streams over single physical connection (version 1.2)
Long-distance transmission over alternative physical media such as optical fiber (version 1.1a)
High-resolution displays and multiple displays with a single connection, via a hub or daisy-chaining[71]
HBR2 mode with 17.28 Gbit/s of effective video bandwidth allows four simultaneous 1080p60 displays (CEA-861 timings), two
2560 × 1600 × 30 bit @ 120 Hz (CVT-R timings), or 4K UHD @ 60 Hz[note 1]
HBR3 mode with 25.92 Gbit/s of effective video bandwidth, using CVT-R2 timings, allows eight simultaneous 1080p displays
(1920 × 1080) @ 60 Hz, stereoscopic 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) @ 120 Hz, or 5120 × 2880 @ 60 Hz each using 24 bit RGB, and
up to 8K UHD (7680 × 4320) @ 60 Hz using 4:2:0 subsampling[72]
Designed to work for internal chip-to-chip communication
Aimed at replacing internal FPD-Link links to display panels with a unified link interface
Compatible with low-voltage signaling used with sub-micron CMOS fabrication
Can drive display panels directly, eliminating scaling and control circuits and allowing for cheaper and slimmer displays
Link training with adjustable amplitude and preemphasis adapts to differing cable lengths and signal quality
Reduced bandwidth transmission for 15-metre (49 ft) cable, at least 1920 × 1080p @ 60 Hz at 24 bits per pixel
Full bandwidth transmission for 3 metres (9.8 ft)
High-speed auxiliary channel for DDC, EDID, MCCS, DPMS, HDCP, adapter identification etc. traffic
Can be used for transmitting bi-directional USB, touch-panel data, CEC, etc.
Self-latching connector

Comparison with HDMI

Although DisplayPort has much of the same functionality as HDMI, it is a complementary connection used in different scenarios.[73][74] A dual-mode
DisplayPort port can emit an HDMI signal via a passive adapter.

As of 2008, HDMI Licensing, LLC charged an annual fee of US$10,000 to each high-volume manufacturer and a per-unit royalty
rate of US$0.04 to US$0.15.[75] DisplayPort is royalty-free, but implementers thereof are not prevented from charging (royalty or
otherwise) for that implementation.[76]
DisplayPort 1.2 has more bandwidth at 21.6 Gbit/s[77] (17.28 Gbit/s with overhead removed) as opposed to HDMI 2.0's 18 Gbit/s[78]
(14.4 Gbit/s with overhead removed).
 DisplayPort 1.3 raises that to 32.4 Gbit/s (25.92 Gbit/s with overhead removed), and HDMI 2.1 raises that up to 48 Gbit/s
(42.67 Gbit/s with overhead removed), adding an additional TMDS link in place of clock lane. DisplayPort also has the ability to
share this bandwidth with multiple streams of audio and video to separate devices.
DisplayPort has historically had higher bandwidth than the HDMI standard available at the same time. The only exception is from
HDMI 2.1 (2017) having higher transmission bandwidth @48 Gbit/s than DisplayPort 1.3 (2014) @32.4 Gbit/s. DisplayPort 2.0
(2019) retook transmission bandwidth superiority @80.0 Gbit/s.
DisplayPort in native mode lacks some HDMI features such as Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) commands. The CEC bus
allows linking multiple sources with a single display and controlling any of these devices from any remote.[8][79][80] DisplayPort 1.3
added the possibility of transmitting CEC commands over the AUX channel[81] From its very first version HDMI features CEC to
support connecting multiple sources to a single display as is typical for a TV screen. The other way round, Multi-Stream Transport
allows connecting multiple displays to a single computer source. This reflects the facts that HDMI originated from consumer
electronics companies whereas DisplayPort is owned by VESA which started as an organization for computer standards.
HDMI uses unique Vendor-Specific Block structure, which allows for features such as additional color spaces. However, these
features can be defined by CEA EDID extensions.[82]
Both HDMI and DisplayPort have published specification for transmitting their signal over the USB-C connector. For more details,
see USB-C § Alternate Mode partner specifications.

Market share
Figures from IDC show that 5.1% of commercial desktops and 2.1% of commercial notebooks released in 2009 featured DisplayPort.[66] The main
factor behind this was the phase-out of VGA, and that both Intel and AMD planned to stop building products with FPD-Link by 2013. Nearly 70% of
LCD monitors sold in August 2014 in the US, UK, Germany, Japan, and China were equipped with HDMI/DisplayPort technology, up 7.5% on the
year, according to Digitimes Research.[83] IHS Markit, an analytics firm, forecast that DisplayPort would surpass HDMI in 2019.[84]

Companion standards

Mini DisplayPort
Mini DisplayPort (mDP) is a standard announced by Apple in the fourth quarter of 2008. Shortly after announcing Mini DisplayPort, Apple
announced that it would license the connector technology with no fee. The following year, in early 2009, VESA announced that Mini DisplayPort
would be included in the upcoming DisplayPort 1.2 specification. On 24 February 2011, Apple and Intel announced Thunderbolt, a successor to Mini
DisplayPort which adds support for PCI Express data connections while maintaining backwards compatibility with Mini DisplayPort based
peripherals.[85]

Micro DisplayPort
Micro DisplayPort would have targeted systems that need ultra-compact connectors, such as phones, tablets and ultra-portable notebook computers.
This standard would have been physically smaller than the currently available Mini DisplayPort connectors. The standard was expected to be
released by Q2 2014.[86]

DDM
Direct Drive Monitor (DDM) 1.0 standard was approved in December 2008. It allows for controller-less monitors where the display panel is directly
driven by the DisplayPort signal, although the available resolutions and color depth are limited to two-lane operation.

Display Stream Compression

Display Stream Compression (DSC) is a VESA-developed video compression algorithm designed to enable increased display resolutions and frame
rates over existing physical interfaces, and make devices smaller and lighter, with longer battery life.[87]

eDP
Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) is a display panel interface standard for portable and embedded devices. It defines the signaling interface between
graphics cards and integrated displays. The various revisions of eDP are based on existing DisplayPort standards. However, version numbers between
the two standards are not interchangeable. For instance, eDP version 1.4 is based on DisplayPort 1.2, while eDP version 1.4a is based on DisplayPort
1.3. Embedded DisplayPort has displaced LVDS as the predominant panel interface in modern laptops and modern smartphones.

eDP 1.0 was adopted in December 2008.[88] It included advanced power-saving features such as seamless refresh rate switching. Version 1.1 was
approved in October 2009 followed by version 1.1a in November 2009. Version 1.2 was approved in May 2010 and includes DisplayPort 1.2 HBR2
data rates, 120 Hz sequential color monitors, and a new display panel control protocol that works through the AUX channel.[12] Version 1.3 was
published in February 2011; it includes a new optional Panel Self-Refresh (PSR) feature developed to save system power and further extend battery
life in portable PC systems.[89] PSR mode allows the GPU to enter a power saving state in between frame updates by including framebuffer memory
in the display panel controller.[12] Version 1.4 was released in February 2013; it reduces power consumption through partial-frame updates in PSR
mode, regional backlight control, lower interface voltages, and additional link rates; the auxiliary channel supports multi-touch panel data to
accommodate different form factors.[90] Version 1.4a was published in February 2015; the underlying DisplayPort version was updated to 1.3 in
order to support HBR3 data rates, Display Stream Compression 1.1, Segmented Panel Displays, and partial updates for Panel Self-Refresh.[91]
Version 1.4b was published in October 2015; its protocol refinements and clarifications are intended to enable adoption of eDP 1.4b in devices by
mid-2016.[92] Version 1.5 was published in October 2021; adds new features and protocols, including enhanced support for Adaptive-Sync, that
provide additional power savings and improved gaming and media playback performance.[93]

iDP
Internal DisplayPort (iDP) is a standard that defines an internal link between a digital TV system on a chip controller and the display panel's timing
controller. Version 1.0 was approved in April 2010. It aims to replace currently used internal FPD-Link lanes with a DisplayPort connection.[94] iDP
features a unique physical interface and protocols, which are not directly compatible with DisplayPort and are not applicable to external connection,
however they enable very high resolution and refresh rates while providing simplicity and extensibility.[12] iDP features a non-variable 2.7 GHz clock
and is nominally rated at 3.24 Gbit/s per lane, with up to sixteen lanes in a bank, resulting in a six-fold decrease in wiring requirements over FPD-
Link for a 1080p24 signal; other data rates are also possible. iDP was built with simplicity in mind so doesn't have an AUX channel, content
protection, or multiple streams; it does however have frame sequential and line interleaved stereo 3D.[12]

PDMI
Portable Digital Media Interface (PDMI) is an interconnection between docking stations/display devices and portable media players, which includes
2-lane DisplayPort v1.1a connection. It has been ratified in February 2010 as ANSI/CEA-2017-A.

wDP
Wireless DisplayPort (wDP) enables the bandwidth and feature set of DisplayPort 1.2 for cable-free applications operating in the 60 GHz radio band.
It was announced in November 2010 by WiGig Alliance and VESA as a cooperative effort.[95]

SlimPort
SlimPort, a brand of Analogix products,[96] complies with Mobility DisplayPort, also known as MyDP, which
is an industry standard for a mobile audio/video Interface, providing connectivity from mobile devices to
external displays and HDTVs. SlimPort implements the transmission of video up to 4K-UltraHD and up to
eight channels of audio over the micro-USB connector to an external converter accessory or display device.
SlimPort products support seamless connectivity to DisplayPort, HDMI and VGA displays.[97] The MyDP
standard was released in June 2012,[98] and the first product to use SlimPort was Google's Nexus 4
A SlimPort-to-HDMI adapter, made
smartphone.[99] Some LG smartphones in LG G series also adopted SlimPort. by Analogix

SlimPort is an alternative to Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL).[100][101]

DisplayID
DisplayID is designed to replace the E-EDID standard. DisplayID features variable-length structures which encompass all existing EDID extensions
as well as new extensions for 3D displays and embedded displays.

The latest version 1.3 (announced on 23 September 2013) adds enhanced support for tiled display topologies; it allows better identification of
multiple video streams, and reports bezel size and locations.[102] As of December 2013, many current 4K displays use a tiled topology, but lack a
standard way to report to the video source which tile is left and which is right. These early 4K displays, for manufacturing reasons, typically use two
1920×2160 panels laminated together and are currently generally treated as multiple-monitor setups.[103] DisplayID 1.3 also allows 8K display
discovery, and has applications in stereo 3D, where multiple video streams are used.

DockPort
DockPort, formerly known as Lightning Bolt, is an extension to DisplayPort to include USB 3.0 data as well as power for charging portable devices
from attached external displays. Originally developed by AMD and Texas Instruments, it has been announced as a VESA specification in 2014.[104]

USB-C
On 22 September 2014, VESA published the DisplayPort Alternate Mode on USB Type-C Connector Standard, a specification on how to send
DisplayPort signals over the newly released USB-C connector. One, two or all four of the differential pairs that USB uses for the SuperSpeed bus can
be configured dynamically to be used for DisplayPort lanes. In the first two cases, the connector still can carry a full SuperSpeed signal; in the latter
case, at least a non-SuperSpeed signal is available. The DisplayPort AUX channel is also supported over the two sideband signals over the same
connection; furthermore, USB Power Delivery according to the newly expanded USB-PD 2.0 specification is possible at the same time. This makes
the Type-C connector a strict superset of the use cases envisioned for DockPort, SlimPort, and Mini and Micro DisplayPort.[105]

VirtualLink
VirtualLink was a proposal to allow the power, video, and data required to drive virtual reality headsets to be delivered over a single USB-C cable.
The proposal was abandoned in September 2020.[106]

Products
Since DisplayPort's introduction in 2006, it has gained popularity within the computer industry and is featured
on many graphics cards, displays, and notebook computers. Dell was the first company to introduce a
consumer product with a DisplayPort connector, the Dell UltraSharp 3008WFP, which was released in January
2008.[107] Soon after, AMD and Nvidia released products to support the technology. AMD included support in
the Radeon HD 3000 series of graphics cards, and Nvidia first introduced support in the GeForce 9 series
starting with the GeForce 9600 GT.[108][109]

Later in 2008, Apple introduced several products featuring a Mini

DisplayPort.[110] The new connector – proprietary at the time – A Dual-mode DisplayPort connector
eventually became part of the DisplayPort standard, however Apple
reserves the right to void the license should the licensee "commence an
action for patent infringement against Apple".[111] In 2009, AMD followed suit with their Radeon HD 5000
series of graphics cards, which featured the Mini DisplayPort on the Eyefinity versions in the series.[112]

Nvidia launched a graphics card with 8 Mini DisplayPort outputs on 4 November 2015, called the NVS 810,
A Mini DisplayPort connector
which was intended for digital signage.[113][114]

Nvidia revealed the GeForce GTX 1080, the world's first graphics card with DisplayPort 1.4 support on 6 May 2016.[115] AMD followed with the
Radeon RX 480 to support DisplayPort 1.3/1.4 on 29 June 2016.[116] The Radeon RX 400 series will support DisplayPort 1.3 HBR and HDR10,
dropping the DVI connector(s) in the reference board design.

In February 2017, VESA and Qualcomm announced that DisplayPort Alt Mode video transport will be integrated into the Snapdragon 835 mobile
chipset, which powers smartphones, VR/AR head-mounted displays, IP cameras, tablets and mobile PCs.[117]

Support for DisplayPort Alternate Mode over USB-C

Currently, DisplayPort is the most widely implemented alternate mode, and is used to provide video output on
devices that do not have standard-size DisplayPort or HDMI ports, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
A USB-C multiport adapter converts the device's native video stream to DisplayPort/HDMI/VGA, allowing it
to be displayed on an external display, such as a television set or computer monitor.

Examples of devices that support DisplayPort Alternate Mode over USB-C include: MacBook, Chromebook
Pixel, Surface Book 2, Samsung Galaxy Tab S4, iPad Pro (3rd generation), iPhone 15/15 Pro, HTC 10/U
A Samsung Galaxy S8 plugged into
Ultra/U11/U12+, Huawei Mate 10/20/30, LG V20/V30/V40*/V50, OnePlus 7 and newer, ROG Phone, a DeX docking station
Samsung Galaxy S8 and newer, Nintendo Switch, Sony Xperia 1/5 etc.[118][119]

Participating companies
The following companies have participated in preparing the drafts of DisplayPort, eDP, iDP, DDM or DSC standards:

Agilent Hardent NXP Semiconductors

Altera Hewlett-Packard Xi3 Corporation
AMD Graphics Product Group Hosiden Parade Technologies
Analogix[120] Hirose Electric Group Realtek Semiconductor
Apple Intel Samsung[123]
Astrodesign intoPIX SMK
BenQ I-PEX STMicroelectronics
Broadcom Corporation Integrated Device Technology Synaptics Inc.
Chi Mei Optoelectronics JAE Electronics SyntheSys Research Inc.
Chrontel[121] Kawasaki Microelectronics (K-Micro) Teledyne LeCroy (QuantumData)
Dell Keysight Technologies Tektronix
Display Labs Lenovo Texas Instruments
Foxconn Electronics LG Display TLi
FuturePlus Systems Luxtera Tyco Electronics
Genesis Microchip[122] Molex ViewSonic
Gigabyte Technology NEC VTM
NVIDIA
The following companies have additionally announced their intention to implement DisplayPort, eDP or iDP:
 Acer Fujitsu Pioneer Corporation
ASRock[124] Hall Research Technologies S3 Graphics
Biostar ITE Tech. Toshiba
Chroma Matrox Graphics Philips
BlackBerry Micro-Star International[126] Quantum Data
Circuit Assembly MStar Semiconductor Sparkle Computer
DataPro[125] Novatek Microelectronics Corp. Unigraf
Eizo Palit Microsystems Ltd. Xitrix

See also
HDBaseT
HDMI
List of video connectors
Thunderbolt (interface)

Notes
1. Dual-link DVI is limited in resolution and speed by the quality and therefore the bandwidth of the DVI cable, the quality of the
transmitter, and the quality of the receiver; can only drive one monitor at a time; and cannot send audio data. HDMI 1.3 and 1.4 are
limited to effectively 8.16 Gbit/s or 340 MHz (though actual devices are limited to 225–300 MHz), and can only drive one monitor at
a time. VGA connectors have no defined maximum resolution or speed, but their analog nature limits their bandwidth, though can
provide long cabling only limited by appropriate shielding.

References
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(PDF). VESA.org. 10 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
2. "DisplayPort... the End of an Era, but Beginning of a New Age" (http://news.hopeindustrial.com/2011/transition-to-displayport-conne
ctors). Hope Industrial Systems. 27 April 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
3. "AMD's Eyefinity Technology Explained" (http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/amd-ati-eyefinity,2567-6.html). Tom's Hardware. 28
February 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
4. "An Inside Look at DisplayPort v1.2" (http://www.extremetech.com/computing/84094-an-inside-look-at-displayport-v12).
ExtremeTech. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
5. "The Case For DisplayPort, Continued, And Bezels" (http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/amd-eyefinity-6-displayport,2596-5.htm
l). Tom's Hardware. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
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Standards Association" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090214160316/http://www.vesa.org/press/VESA_dportlaunchpr_Final.htm).
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External links
DisplayPort (https://www.displayport.org) – the official site operated by VESA

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DisplayPort&oldid=1271332408"