Class: X 1
Unit# 9
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
EXERCISE Q/A
SHORT QUESTIONS
QUESTION # 1.
At equilibrium a mixture of N2, H2 and NH2 gas at 500oC is determined to consist of
0.602 mol/dm3 of N2, 0.420 mol/dm3 of H2 and 0.113 mol/dm3 of NH3. What is the
equilibrium constant for the reaction at this temperature?
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
GIVEN DATA:
[N2] = 0.602 mol/dm3
[H2] = 0.420 mol/dm3
[NH3] = 0.113 mol/dm3
REQUIRED:
KC = ?
SOLUTION:
KC =
KC =
KC =
KC =
Prepared By: Ms. Karishma Rehman Chemistry Notes
Class: X 2
KC =
KC = 0.285
QUESTION # 2.
Write equilibrium constant expression for the following reactions.
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
2H2 + O2 2H2O
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
ANSWER:
a. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
SOLUTION:
Rate of forward reaction [N2] [H2]3
Rf = Kf [N2] [H2]3
Where Kf is the rate constant for forward reaction.
Rate of reverse reaction [NH3]2
Rr = Kr [NH3]
Where Kr is rate constant for reverse reaction at equilibrium
Rate of forward = Rate of reverse reaction
Rf = Rr
Kf [N2] [H2]3 = Kr [NH3]2
KC =
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Class: X 3
b. 2H2 + O2 2H2O
SOLUTION:
Rate of forward reaction [H2]2 [O2]
Rf = Kf[H2]2 [O2]
Where Kf is the rate constant for forward reaction.
Rate of reverse reaction [H2O]2
Rr = Kr [H2O]2
Where kr is the rate constant for reverse reaction.
At equilibrium,
Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction
Rf = Rr
Kf [H2]2 [O2] = Kr[H2O]2
Kc =
c. 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
SOLUTION:
Rate of forward reaction [NH3]4 [O2]5
Rf = Kf [NH3]4 [O2]5
Where Kf is the rate constant for forward reaction.
Rate of reverse reaction [NO]4 [H2O]6
Rr = Kr [NO]4 [H2O]6
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Where kr is the rate constant for reverse reaction.
At equilibrium,
Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction
Rf = Rr
Kf [NH3]4 [O2]5 = Kr [NO]4 [H2O]6
KC =
QUESTION # 3.
A reaction between gaseous Sulphur dioxide and oxygen gas to produce gaseous
Sulphur trioxide takeplace at 600oC. At this temperature, the concentration of SO2 is
found to be 1.50 mol/dm3, the concentration of O2 is 1.25 mol/dm3, and the
concentration of SO3 is 3.50 mol/dm3.
Using the balanced chemical equation, calculate the equilibrium constant for this
system.
ANSWER:
GIVEN DATA:
Concentration of [SO2] = 1.50 mol/dm3
Concentration of [O2] = 1.25 mol/dm3
Concentration of [SO3] = 3.50 mol/dm3
REQUIRED:
Equilibrium constant value (KC) = ?
SOLUTION:
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Class: X 5
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
KC =
KC =
KC =
KC =
KC =
KC = 4.35
RESULT:
KC = 4.35
QUESTION # 4.
Define chemical equilibrium with two examples.
ANSWER:
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM:
It is a state of reversible reaction when the two opposing reactions occur at the same
rate and the concentration of the reactants and products do not change with time.
EXAMPLES:
H2 + I2 2HI
H2 + 3H2 2NH3
QUESTION # 5.
How would you identify that dynamic equilibrium is established?
ANSWER:
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Class: X 6
When the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of backward reaction. The
reaction is said to be in the state of dynamic equilibrium.
QUESTION # 6.
Describe the effect of temperature on equilibrium constant.
ANSWER:
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT :
Equilibrium constants are changed if we change the temperature of the system.
This is typical of what happens with any equilibrium where the forward reaction is
exothermic.
Increasing the temperature decrease the value of the equilibrium constant.
Where the forward reaction is endothermic, increasing the temperature increases the
value of the equilibrium constant.
LONG QUESTIONS
1. SO3 decomposes to form SO2 and O2. For this reaction write,
i. Chemical equation.
ii. KC expression.
iii. Derive the units of KC for this reaction.
ANSWER:
I. CHEMICAL EQUATION:
2SO3 2SO2 + O2
II. KC EXPRESSION:
2SO3 2SO2 + O2
Rate of forward reaction [SO3]2
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Rf [SO3]2
Rf = Kf [SO3]2
Where Kf is the rate constant for forward reaction.
Rate of reverse reaction [SO2]2 [O2]
Rr [SO2]2 [O2]
Rr = Kr [SO2]2 [O2]
Where Kr is the rate constant for reverse reaction at equilibrium,
Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction
Rf = Rr
Kf [SO3]2 = Kr [SO2][O2]
KC =
UNIT OF KC:
KC =
KC =
KC = mol/dm mol/dm
mol/dm
KC = [mol/dm3]
QUESTION # 2.
KC expression for a reaction is given below,
KC =
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Class: X 8
For this reaction, write,
i. Reactants and products.
ii. Derive the units of KC
ANSWER:
I. REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS:
4HCI + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O
HCl and O2 are Reactants
Cl2 and H2O Are Products
II. UNIT OF KC:
4HCl + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O
KC =
KC =
KC = mol/dm mol/dm
`
mol/dm mol/dm
KC = 1
mol/dm
KC = mol/dm
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
PRACTICE PROBLEM 9.1:
Write the forward and reverse reaction for the following reversible reaction.
a. C + H2O CO +H2
ANSWER:
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Class: X 9
FORWARD REACTION:
C + H2O CO + H2
REVERSE REACTION:
CO + H2 C + H2O
b. 4HCl + O2 2H2O + 2Cl2
ANSWER:
FORWARD REACTION:
4HCl + O2 2H2O + 2Cl2
REVERSE REACTION:
2H2O + 2Cl2 4HCl + O2
PRACTICE PROBLEM 9.3:
Write an equilibrium constant expression for the following reversible reactions.
a. N2 + 2O2 2NO2
SOLUTION:
KC =
KC =
b. 2N2 + O2 2N2O
SOLUTION:
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KC =
KC =
c. 2SO2 + O2 2SO3
SOLUTION:
KC =
KC =
d. PCl3 + Cl2 PCl5
KC =
KC =
PRACTICE PROBLEM 9.4:
An equilibrium mixture of N2, O2 and NO gases at 1500K is determined to consist of
6.4x10-3 mol/dm3 of N2, 1.7x10-3 mol/dm3 of O2, 1.1x10-5 mol/dm3 of NO. What is the
equilibrium constant for the system at this temperature?
ANSWER:
GIVEN DATA:
[N2] = 6.4x10-3 mol/dm3
[O2] = 1.7x10-3 mol/dm3
[N2] = 1.1x10-3 mol/dm3
REQUIRED:
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KC = ?
SOLUTION:
N2 + O2 2NO
KC =
KC =
KC =
KC = 1.112x10-5
RESULT:
KC = 1.112x10-5
QUESTION:
What is dynamic equilibrium? Explain by using examples from daily life.
ANSWER:
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM:
When the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of backward reaction. The
reaction is in the state of dynamic equilibrium.
EXAMPLE:
In a sealed bottle of soda, CO2 is present in both the liquid aqueous phase and the
gaseous (bubbles).
The two phases of CO2 are in dynamic equilibrium. Inside the sealed soda bottle, since
the gaseous CO2 is dissolving into the liquid form at the same rate that the liquid form
of CO2 is being converted back to its gaseous form.
CO2(g) CO2(aq)
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Class: X 12
QUESTION:
Write the equilibrium equation between hydrogen and chlorine molecules as
reactants and hydrochloric acid as product.
ANSWER:
EQUATION:
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
QUESTION:
Does a small value of KC indicate a slow reaction? Use an example to justify your
answer.
ANSWER:
Yes, when the KC value of reaction is small, it indicates that the equilibrium has
established with a very small conversion of reactants to products. At equilibrium
position, almost all reactants are present but amount of products is negligible. Such type
of reactions never go to completion.
e.g.
2NH3 N2 + 3H2
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