Information Technology, the Internet, and You

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER

Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 TheMcGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Introduction To Computer

▪ Computer competency refers to acquiring

computer-related skills.
▪ Information systems are involved in many of the things
we encounter each day.
▪ Microcomputers are common in all areas of life.
▪ New forms of learning online provide alternatives for
people to become educated without attending a physical
class.
▪ The Web provides new ways to communicate, to find
people with similar interests, and to purchase goods.
▪ An Information System has several parts: people,
procedures, software, hardware, data and the internet.
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 Introduction To Computer

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Most important part of any system. Our lives are touched every day by
computers and information system.
▪ Refer to end user
▪ Example: we create documents using Microsoft Word.
▪ Contact is
▪ Direct
▪ Indirect
▪ Computer uses
▪ Entertainment
▪ Business
▪ Medicine
▪ Education
▪ Privacy, Security and Ethic

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Software is another name for programs.

▪ Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how
to process data into the form you want.
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Enables application software to interact with the computer

hardware
▪ The user interacts primarily with application software.
▪ It is background software that helps the computer manage its own
internal resources.
▪ System software is not a single program. Rather, it is a
collection of programs, including Operating system,
utilities and device drivers.

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Collection of programs
▪ Operating Systems
▪ Utilities
▪ Device Drivers
▪ Functions of Operating System:
▪ Programs that coordinates computer resources.
▪ Provides the user interface between users and the computer.
▪ Runsapplications.
▪ Embedded operating systems: Smartphone and tablets.
▪ Stand alone operating system: Desktop computer
▪ Functions of utilities:
▪ Perform specific task related to managing computer resources.
▪ Example: Antivirus program to protect computer system from viruses or
malicious program that are ll too often deposited into computer from the
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 Information Technology, the Internet, and You

▪ End-user software
▪ Three major categories:
1. Basic applications / General-purpose applications
- Efficient and effective programs for end-user.
- Widely used in nearly all career areas.

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 Information Technology, the Internet, and You

▪ End-user software
▪ Three major categories:
2. Specialized applications
- Narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.
-Example: graphics and web authoring programs.
3. Apps or Mobile Apps
- Small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such
as smartphones and for tablets.
- Example: Social networking, games, and downloading music

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Supercomputers
- The most powerful type of computer.
- These machines are special, high-capacity computers
used by very large organizations.
- Example: they are used to analyze and predict worldwide
weather patterns, forecast analysis.
▪ Mainframe computers
- Not nearly as powerful as supercomputers.
- These computer are capable of great processing speeds
and data storage.
- Example: insurance companies use mainframes to process
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Midrange computers
- Refer as servers.
- Computers with processing capabilities less powerful than
a mainframe computers yet more powerful than a
personal computer
- Originally used by medium-size companies or department
of large companies to support their processing needs.
▪ Personal computers
- Also known as PCs
- The least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-
growing type of computer.
- There are 5 types of personal computer:desktop, laptops,
tablets, smartphones and wearables.
 Introduction To Computer

Image Source: Statista

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Desktop ▪ SmartPhone
▪ Notebook or laptop ▪ Wearable
▪ Tablet

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 Introduction To Computer

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 Introduction To Computer

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 Introduction To Computer

Smartphones and Wearable Devices

Smallest computing devices, some combine pen

input, writing recognition, personal organization
tools and communications
Other mobile include wearable devices
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Four basic categories of equipment

▪ System Unit: is a container that houses most of the electronic
components that make up a computer system.
▪ Input/Output: Input device translate data and programs that
humans can understand into a form that computer can
process. Output device translate the processed information
from the computer into a form that human can understand.
▪ Secondary Storage: Holds data and program even after electric
power to the computer system has been turned off.
▪ Communications: Using communication device to communicate with
other computer system.

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Two important componentsare microprocessor and

memory
1. Microprocessor :
▪ control and manipulate data to produce information
2. Memory:
▪ Holds data currently being processed
▪ Holds the processed information before it is output
▪ Temporary storage, contents are lost when power is off

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 Introduction To Computer

Input
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner

Output
• Printer
• Monitor
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 Introduction To Computer

Holds data and programs even if power isoff.

▪ Hard disk
• Used to store programs and large data files.
▪ Solid-state storage
▪ No moving parts
▪ More reliable
▪ Requires less power
▪ Flash memory cards, USB drives
▪ Optical disc
▪ Use laser technology to store data and programs
▪ Great capacity
▪ Types of optical disc is CDs, DVDs
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Communication devices, suchas modems,

provide microcomputers with the ability to
communicate with other computer systems
▪ Modems modify information so that it may be
sent and received across telephone or cable
lines.

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Raw, unprocessed facts

▪ Including text, numbers,
images and sounds.
Data ▪ Processed data becomes
Data
information
Data ▪ Digital data is stored
electronically in files
▪ Document files
▪ Worksheet files
Information
▪ Database files
▪ Presentation files
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Created by word processors

▪ Term papers
▪ Memos
▪ Letters

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Created by electronic spreadsheets to

analyze things like budgets and to predict
sales

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Typically created by database management

programs to contain highly structured and
organized data

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Created by presentation graphics programs to

prepare presentation materials.
▪ Can contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and
electronic slides.

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Connectivity
▪ Sharing of information
▪ Wireless communication has widespread use
▪ Computer networks
▪ Connected communication system of computers
▪ Largest network is the Internet
▪ Cloud Computing
▪ Uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer
to computers on the Internet
▪ IoT
▪ The Internet of Things is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday
objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet.
▪ It promises to connect all types of devices, from computers to cellphones, to watches, to
any number of everyday devices.
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ The Internet and the Web

- The internet and the web are considered to be the most important technologies for the
21st century.
- Understanding how to efficiently and effectively use the internet to browse, communicate
and locate information is an essential skill.

▪ Powerful Software
- The software that is now available can do an extraordinary number of task and help you in
an endless number of ways.
- You can create professional-looking documents, analyze data, create dynamic multimedia
web pages and much more.

▪ Powerful Hardware
- Personal computers are now much more powerful than they used to be.
- Cell phones, tablets and communication technologies such as wireless
network are dramatically chaging the ways to connect to other computers,
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networks
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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Security and Privacy

- We need to be aware of how technology can affect our personal
privacy and our environment,
▪ Organizations
- Almost all organization rely on the quality and flexibility of their
information systems to stay competitive.
▪ Changing Times
-The evolution of the computer age section presented at the end of
this book tracks the major development since computers were first
introduced.
 Introduction To Computer

▪ It’s about today and the near future

▪ It’s about how organizations adapt to
technological change
▪ It’s about you and what you can do to keep your computer
competency up to date
▪ Recognize the impact of technological change and
use it to your advantage

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Most organizations make formal plans to keep

track of technology and implement it in their
competitive strategies
▪ Consider direct banking using smartphones, online
banking, and Internet-only banking operations

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 Introduction To Computer

▪ Stay current
▪ Maintain computer
competency
▪ Develop professional
contacts
▪ Develop specialties
▪ Be alert for
organizational change
▪ Look for innovative
opportunities

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 Introduction To Computer

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