The

Triumph
of Industry
Foundations of Economic Growth
Natural Resources- Naturally occurring
materials that are useful to man. Things
we use to make other things.
Free Enterprise System- an economic
system where a government places very
few restrictions on the types of business
activities
Capitalism-an economic system in
which private actors own and control
property in accord with their interests,
and demand & supply freely set prices.
 Foundations of Economic Growth
Market Economy- an economic system
where two forces, known as supply and
demand, direct the production of goods
and services.
Social Darwinism- “survival of the fittest”—the
idea that certain people become powerful in
society because they are innately better.
Laissez-faire- No government interference
in the economy.
 Turn, Talk & Write

Why could using Demand & Supply to direct the

production of goods be a good or bad idea?
Discuss with your group, write down what you
discussed and be prepared to share.
Foundations of Economic Growth
Patent system- The legal right to an invention.
No one may make your product and sell it while
you hold the patent.
Tariffs-the tax imposed by the government on
imported goods from other countries.
Civil War legislation- First ever federal income
tax, The Union Pacific Railroad Charter & the
Homestead Act.
• An economic system in which private actors own and
control property and demand and supply set prices.

• Market Economy
• Laissez-faire
• Capitalism
• Free Enterprise System
• An economic system where a government places very few
restrictions on the types of business activities

• Market Economy
• Laissez-faire
• Capitalism
• Free Enterprise System
• An economic system where two forces, known as supply
and demand, direct the production of goods and services.

• Market Economy
• Laissez-faire
• Capitalism
• Free Enterprise System
 Steam Power
• During the first industrial
revolution steam power
replaced human and
animal power which led to
greater efficiency.
• Steam ran trains, ships,
boats, factories and more.
 Modern Industrial Economy
2nd Industrial revolution-a period
when advances in steel production, electricity
and petroleum caused a series of innovations
that changed society.
Railroads- increased greatly because of the
advancements in steel.
George Pullman-inventor of the Pullman
sleeping car, a luxurious railroad coach designed
for overnight travel.
George Westinghouse-responsible for the
introduction and development of alternating
current for light and power.
Railroad Improvements
Standard Guage- Rail lines were all laid at the
same width and train wheels were made to fit
that size guage.
Standard TIme- In the 1880s a standard time
was developed in the U.S.. Prior to this
standard time there were only local times. So if
you were traveling by train it was difficult to
know when the train would be arriving
because everyone was on a different time.
 Modern Industrial Economy
Steel- Used for ships and rail lines during
this time.
Bessemer process- Made steel stronger,
cheaper and easier to make. Lead to the
onset of skyscrapers and improved bridges,
rail lines and ships.
Telegraph- Transmitting information quickly
over long distances. Built more and more
during this time period.
Samuel Morse-invented Morse Code used
to communicate using telegraph lines.
 Turn, Talk & Write

How did the Bessemer process push the

Industrial Revolution forward?
Discuss with your group, write down what you
discussed and be prepared to share.
Modern Industrial Economy
Cyrus Field-laid the first
telegraph cable across the
Atlantic Ocean in 1858.
Transatlantic Cable-First one
went from Ireland to Canada and
only lasted three weeks. The third
cable laid was successful.
Alexander Graham Bell-
Invented the first telephone.
• What increased greatly because of the advancements in
steel?

• Railways
• Bridges
• Ships
• All of the above
• What was the name of the process that made steel stronger?

• Betram process
• Blake Process
• Bessemer Process
• Sullivan Process
• Who invented the telephone?

• Alexander Graham Bell

• Cyrus Feild
• Samuel Morse
• Nicola Tesla
Modern Industrial Economy
Electricity- Installed in the first home in
1878
Thomas Edison-contributing inventions
such as the incandescent light bulb, the
phonograph, microphone and the motion
picture camera
Phonograph- played music
Electric light bulb- 1879
Modern Industrial Economy
Nicola Tesla-pioneered the use of
alternating current (AC) electricity.
Oil- Used as a lubricant and as fuel
Edwin Drake- the first person to
strike oil in America.
Petrolium(oil)-new energy source
that helped to power the factories
and machines of the second
industrial revolution.
Modern Industrial Economy

Gasoline- Gas was not used until1892

when the automobile was invented.
Combustion Engine-These
inventions could power automobiles,
locomotives, ships, and airplanes,
and paved the way for mass mobility
Henry Ford- Invented the assembly
line making cars affordable for
everyday people.
Wilbur & Orvile Wright- Invented
the airplane in 1903
 Turn, Talk & Write

Why do you think the invention of the

combustion engine changed the world?
Discuss with your group, write down what you
discussed and be prepared to share.
• Who invented the light bulb?

• Thomas Edison
• The Wright Brothers
• Henry Ford
• Nicola Tesla
• Who pioneered the use of Alternating Current?

• Thomas Edison
• The Wright Brothers
• Henry Ford
• Nicola Tesla
• Who invented the airplane?

• Thomas Edison
• The Wright Brothers
• Henry Ford
• Nicola Tesla
Women & African American Inventors
Josephine Cochran- Dishwasher
John Albert Burr-patented
an improved rotary blade lawn
mower.
Granville T Woods-prolific
inventor who improved electrical
items like automatic brakes, egg
incubators, phonographs and
telephones.
 Women & African
American Inventors

Elijah McCoy-lubricating oil cup that

allowed railroad steam engines to be
lubricated without stopping the train
Sarah Goode- Cabinet Bed
Madam C J Walker- inventor of
specialized hair products for African-
American hair
Women & African American Inventors

Lewis Howard Latimer-contributed to the invention of the

lightbulb and the telephone.
Jan Ernst Matzeliger-invented the automatic shoe lasting
machine, mechanizing the complex process of joining a shoe sole
to its upper, and revolutionizing the shoe industry.
Garret Morgan- invented the three-way traffic signal.
• Who invented the dishwasher?

• Josephine Cochran
• Sarah Goode
• Garret Morgan
• Elijah McCoy
• Which inventor made it so that steam engines did not have to
stop the lubricate their engines?

• Josephine Cochran
• Sarah Goode
• Garret Morgan
• Elijah McCoy
• Who invented the three way traffic signal?

• Josephine Cochran
• Sarah Goode
• Garret Morgan
• Elijah McCoy
Rise of the Corporation
Corporation- a legal entity that is
separate and distinct from its
owners.
Stocks- a share in the ownership of
a company.
Vertical integration- a business
arrangement in which a company
controls different stages along the
supply chain.
Rise of the Corporation
The Gilded age- a time of great political corruption and wealth
inequality in the late 1800s.
Entrepreneur-Someone who starts a new business.
Philanthropy- Donating money to help to improve the welfare of
others.
Andrew Carnegie- led the expansion of the American steel
industry in the late 19th century
Edwin Drake- first drilled oil well
Gustavus Franklin Swift- Meat Packing industry
Rise of the Corporation
John D Rockefeller-founded the Standard Oil
Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the
first great U.S. business trust.
Trust- When different corporations, making the same
product, join together to avoid competition and raise
prices to whatever they want.
Horizontal Integration-when a company acquires or
merges with another company in the same industry that
is operating at the same level
JP Morgan- reorganizing businesses to make them
more profitable and stable and gaining control of them
• What is a share in the ownership of a company?

• Corporation
• Stocks
• Vertical Integration
• Trust
• A business arrangement in which a company controls
different stages along the supply chain.

• Corporation
• Stocks
• Vertical Integration
• Trust
• When different corporations join together to avoid competition and
raise prices.

• Corporation
• Stocks
• Vertical Integration
• Trust
 Big Business

Depression-a sharp fall in economic

growth, employment, and production.
Monopoly- a company that is the only
seller of a good or service. There is no
competition. (these are illegal) AN outcome
of the Industrial Revolution was that
monopolies were on the rise.
 Big Business
Government regulation- When
the government gets involved in
big business to protect other
things like the environment or
worker's rights.
Sherman Anti-trust act- Outlaws
trusts because they provide no
competition.
 Turn, Talk & Write

Why do you think the government made

Monoplies and Trusts illegal?
Discuss with your group, write down what you
discussed and be prepared to share.
 Florida
Henry Flagler- Henry Flagler invested himself in
the development of Florida. He invented modern
Florida. Built hotels and rail lines along the Atlantic.
Tourist Industry-Beginning in the 1870s, residents
from northern states visited Florida as tourists to
enjoy the state's natural beauty and mild climate.
Steamboat tours on Florida's winding rivers were a
popular attraction for these visitors.
Florida East Coast Railroad- Spear headed by
Flagler, it went all the way to Key West. Led to the
growth of towns in Florida.
• A sharp fall in economic growth, employment, and
production.

• Government Regulation
• Monopoly
• Henry Flagler
• Depression
• This person increased tourism in Florida leading to "Modern Florida"

• Thomas Edison
• Sarah Goode
• Henry Flagler
• Wilbur Wright
• Outlaws trusts because they provide no competition.

• Government Regulation
• Sherman Anti-trust act
• Vertical Integration
• Depression
 Labor
• By the end of the nineteenth century,
technology in the factories created a
rapidly increasing demand for unskilled
or semiskilled labor.
• There was a large amount of cheap labor
and this had the greatest positive effect
on American Industrialization.
• Rapid industrialization led to extremely
dangerous working conditions. Often
times deadly.
 Urban Growth
• Cities were able to expand due to
an increased amount of urban
transportation.
• Transportation in the cities led to
people being able to live further
away from factories thus allowing
the cities to expand outward.
• Advancements in steel and the
invention of the elevator, by Elisha
Otis, allowed for skyscrapers to be
built.
Industrialization to Imperialism
What is Imperialism?
A nation extending its political, economic
and military power over outside nations.
How did Industrialization lead to
Imperialism?
As industries increased in developed
nations, they were able to possess more
colonies and exploit more resources,
which helped increase the influence of an
empire.
 Effects of the Spanish American War

• Gave Guam, Puerto Rico

and the Philippines to the
United States.
• Gave Florida to the United
States.
• Made Tampa a city.
• United States emerged as a
world power.