100 DAYS ACTION PLAN - ZPHS CHAPARA

S. S.C.Material
2024-25
 GEOGRAPHY Ans: 1 -Odisha, Jharkhand, 2 -Gujarat, Rajasthan, 3 -Punjab, Haryana.
1. Resources and Development 2. Forest and Wildlife Resources
1 Mark 4 Marks Questions
1. Give any two examples for renewable resources. Ans: Wind, Solar, Water 1. What is Bio-diversity? Why is Bio-diversity important for Human
2. Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as _____Erosion. lives?
Ans: Wind erosion Ans: 1. The variety of plants (Flora) and animals (Fauna) in a particular
3. Which type of soil is ideal for growing cotton? Ans: Cotton soil habitat is known as biodiversity.
4. Find the odd one. (Wind, Water, Forest, Metal) Ans: Metal 2. It maintains the ecological balance.
5. Give an example for Recyclable Resources. Ans: Water, Paper, Plastic 3. It helps in the healthy existence of humans.
6. Earth summit -2022 held at ________City. Ans: Stockholm, Sweden 4. It helps to maintain the ecosystem.
7. On the basis of Exhaustibility, Resources can be classified as? 5. It helps in high productivity and human wellness.
Ans: Renewable and non-renewable 6. Biodiversity provides humans with valuable genetic diversity.
8. What should be the percentage of forest area in Geographical area? Ans: 33% 2. How have human activities affected the depletion of Flora and
9. Where was the first International Earth Summit held? Ans: Rio de Janeiro Fauna? Explain.
10. Who was the author of the book “Small is Beautiful”?Ans: E.F.Schumacher Ans: The following activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna:
11. Which Erosion does the given image show? Ans:Gully Erosion (i) Deforestation for agricultural expansion.
12. What is the total Geographical area of India?Ans: 3.28 million sq.km
(ii) Degradation of forests by shifting cultivation.
13. What is Agenda 21?
Ans: Agenda 21 isa plan of action for sustainable development that was adopted (iii) Large scale development projects.
at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (iv) Mining activities.
(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (v) Habitat destruction, hunting poaching, over exploitation of forest products
14. How did Gandhiji Voice his concern about resources Conservation? etc.
Ans: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”. 3. Distinguish between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests.
15. Solar Energy: Renewable Resources :: Fossil Fuels:_______? Reserved Forests Protected Forests
Ans: Non renewable energy 1. More than half of the total forest land 1. Almost one-third of the total
16. Which is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? has been declared reserved forests. forest area is protected forest, as
Ans: Over irrigation declared by the Forest
17. In which one of the following state is Terrace Cultivation practiced. Department.
a) Punjab b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh c) Haryana d) Uttarakhand Ans: (d) 2. Reserved forests are regarded as the 2. This forest land are protected
18. In Maharastra which soil is predominantly found? Ans: Black Soil most valuable as far as the conservation from any further depletion.
19. The soil which ranges from red to brown in colour and saline in Nature. of forest and wildlife resources are
Ans: Arid Soils concerned.
20. Match the following : 3. Water Resources
Causes of Land degradation States 8 Marks Questions
1. Deforestation due to Mining ( ) A. Gujarat, Rajasthan 1. What is water Scarcity? What are its main causes?
2. Overgrazing ( ) B. Punjab, Haryana Ans: Water scarcity: The shortage of water as compared to its demand is known
3. Over irrigation ( ) C. Odisha, Jharkhand as water scarcity.

1
Causes for water scarcity: (i) Low rainfal.l 4. Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rain water
(ii) Over-exploitation. harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
(iii) Growing population. Ans: Modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods which are
(iv) Increase in irrigated agriculture. being carried out to conserve and store water as follows:
(v) Industrialization. (i) In Meghalaya, a 200 years old system of tapping stream and spring water by
2. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river using bamboo pipes, is prevalent.
projects? (ii) Rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and
Advantages Disvantages conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru,
1. Supply of water. 1. Causes deforestation. Karnataka.
2. Check soil erosion. 2. Migration of people. (iii) In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner,
3. Flood control. 3. Aquatic life is affected. Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks
4. Hydro-electricity. 4. Restricts the natural river flow. or tankas for storing drinking water through rooftop rainwater harvesting.
5. Recreation. 5. Leads to the deposits of sediments. (iv) In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to
6. Inland navigation. 6. Loss of existing agricultural lands. irrigate their fields.
7. Fish breeding. 7. Changes cropping pattern. (v) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed
3. Discuss how rain water harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan storage structures.
is carried out? (vi) These allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in
Ans: Rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
the following ways: 4. Agriculture
(i) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed 8 Marks Questions
storage structures. 1. Suggest the initiatives to be taken by the government to ensure the
(ii) These allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in increase in Agricultural production?
Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan. Ans: (i) Implementation of green revolution and operation flood programmes.
(iii) ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking (ii) Promotion of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers,
water, particularly in Rajasthan. pesticides etc.
(iv) In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, (iii) Promotion of drip irrigation and other irrigation techniques for the better
Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks production.
or tankas for storing drinking water. (iv) Free power supply to the agricultural pump sets.
(v) The tankas were part of well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system (v) Land reforms are implemented.
and were built inside the main house or the courtyard.
(vi) Financial assistance to the farmers like subsidies, insurance against the
(vi) They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. crop failures, Kisan Credit Cards (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme
Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these (PAIS), PM Kisan and so on.
underground ‘tankas’.
(vii) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) for selected crops
(vii) The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the every year.
roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then
(viii) Government established advanced research institution like ICAR,
collected.
Agricultural Universities, Meteorological Research Units etc.

2
2. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice. 2. Describe the distribution of Coal in India?
Ans:1. Rice is the staple food crop in India. Ans: In India, coal is found in rock formations from two main geological ages:
2.India is the 2nd largest producer of rice after China. 1) Gondwana (approximately 200 million years old).2)Tertiary deposits
3.Rice is a kharif crop. (approximately 55 million years old).
4.Rice requires above 25° C temperature. 1) The major Gondwana coal resources are located in:
5.Rice requires annual rainfall above 100 cm. (i) Damodar Valley (West Bengal –Jharkhand), where Jharia, Raniganj, and
6.Rice is grown in the northern plains and north-eastern parts, coastal and delta Bokaro are significant coalfields.
regions. (ii) Godavari valley, Mahanadi valley, Son valley, Wardha valley.
3. Describe any four features of Indian agriculture sector.
2) Tertiary Coal deposits:
Ans: Here are some features of agriculture in India:
Tertiary coal deposits are found in the northeastern states of Meghalaya,
1. Monsoon-dependent: Indian agriculture is dependent on the monsoon.
Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland.
2. Lack of irrigation: There is a lack of irrigation facilities in Indian
agriculture. 3. Why do we need to converse mineral resources? (or) Explain the
3. Small plots of land: Farmers in India have small plots of land where they importance of conservation of minerals?
grow crops with the help of their family. Ans: Minerals conservation is essential because:
4. Diversity of crops: Indian agriculture has a diversity of crops. 1) Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
5. Subsistence farming: Subsistence farming is a practice where farmers grow 2) The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
crops and raise livestock for their own use, without any surplus for trade. consumption.
6. Importance to the economy: Agriculture is a key contributor to the Indian 3) The geological processes of mineral formation take place over millions of
economy, providing food, raw materials for industries, and employment years.
opportunities. 4) They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country.
7. Role in international trade: Agriculture plays an important role in India's 5) Continued extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater
international business, through import and export activities. depths along with decrease inequality.
5. Minerals and Energy Resources
4 Marks Questions 4. Distinguish between the Ferrous Minerals and Non-Ferrous Minerals.
1. Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India? FERROUS MINERALS NON FERROUS MINERALS
Ans: Solar energy has a bright future in India due to the following reasons: 1. Ferrous are the minerals which 1.Non-ferrous minerals are the ones
1) Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of energy produced from sunlight mostly contain iron. which do not contain iron.
2) Many parts of the country received sunlight on 300 days annually 2. They have more weight. 2. They have less weight.
3) So it becomes possible to generate 20MW solar energy per sq.km in such 3.Ferrous minerals are good 3. They are bad conductors of
areas. conductors of electricity. electricity.
4) It is easy to establish solar plants in urban and rural areas 4. They are magnetic in nature. 4.They are non-magnetic in nature.
5) It is also becoming popular as used for cooking, heating water, lighting, 5. Ex: Manganese , Iron etc. 5. Ex: Gold, copper, zinc etc.
etc.....
6) It is also a renewable source of energy
7) Thus the Solar energy has a bright future in India.

3
5. Distinguish between conventional and Non-conventional sources of Energy. 4) It reduces inequalities between regions.
ConventionalEnergy Non-conventional Energy 5) The export of produced items boosts wealth by increasing trade and
1. Conventional sources of energy are 1. Non conventional sources of commerce.
nonrenewable sources of energy. energy are renewable sources of 6) It provides highly essential foreign exchange.
energy. 1 Mark Questions
2. These sources get depleted with its 2. These resources can be used again 1. Find out which is not related to Agro-based Industries? Ans: (C)
use. and again. A. Sugar B. Rubber C. Cement D. Coffee
3. These are traditional sources of 3. These are recently developed 2. In which of the following state Kalpakam Nuclear power plant located? (B)
energy. sources of energy. A. Kerala B. Tamilnadu C. Delhi D. Sikkim
4. These causes large scale pollution. 4. These are environment friendly 3. Which industry uses Bauxite as a raw material. Ans: Aluminium Industry
resources. 4. Which one of the following industries manufacture telephones, computers etc
5. For example : Coal, petroleum, diesel, 5. For example: Solar energy, wind A. Steel B.Aluminium Smelting C. Electronic D. Information Technology ( C )
etc. energy, tidal energy etc. 5. Expand BHEL? Ans: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
6. Manufacturing Industries 6.Expand TISCO? Ans: Tata Iron and Steel Company
2 Marks Questions 7.Which city is called “Electronic Capital of India.”? Ans: Bengalore
1. What are the Basic industries? Give an example. 8.Which city is called “Silicon city.”? Ans: Bangalore
Ans: Basic industries are industries that supply their product as a raw material 9.Expand NALCO? Ans: National Aluminium Company Limited
to other industries for manufacturing other goods. Ex: Iron and steel industry. 10. Based on raw material, Jute is example of __________ Industry. Ans: (A)
2. What are the Agro-Based industries? Give an example. A. Agro-basedB. Mineral-based C. A and B D. Non of the above
Ans: Agro-based industries are industries that use raw materials and other basic 11. Salem : Tamil Nadu : : Bhadravathi : _______? Ans: Karnataka
inputs from agriculture. 12. Edible Oil : Agro-based industry : : Cement Industry : _______?
Ex: Sugar industry, Cotton textile industry, Dairy, Food processing, Jute. Ans: Mineral based industry
3. Define the Mineral-based industries? Give an example. 13. Find the odd one. (Bokaro, Jaipur, Rourkela, Durgapur) Ans: Jaipur
Ans: Mineral-based industries are industries that use mineral ores as raw 14. Which is called “Golden Fibre”? Ans: Jute
materials to produce goods. 15. Which was the first successful textile mill established in India?
Ex: Steel and iron industries, Cement industry, Copper smelting industry, Ans: Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company. (1854)
Aluminium industry. 7. Lifelines of National Economy
4. What is manufacturing? Describe the importance of manufacturing 2 Marks Questions
sector in countries like India. 1. What is the significance of the border roads?
Ans: Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing Ans: (i) Border roads are of strategic importance, and these roads in the
from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. bordering areas of the country have improved accessibility in areas of difficult
Importance of manufacturing sector in India: terrain.
1) Manufacturing sector support the modernization of agriculture, which is the (ii)They have helped in the economic development of these areas.
foundation of our economy. (iii) They have made the movement of Defence forces easily for difficult
2) It lessens people’s excessive reliance on the agricultural sector and generates situations.
employment in the secondary and tertiary industries. 2. State any three merits of roadways?
3) It is required to eradicate poverty and unemployment. Ans: i)The construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.

4
ii) Road transport is economical in the transportation of a few persons and a 7. What is called Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways?
relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances. Ans: 1. The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is a major road development
iii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating project linking Delhi-
topography. Kolkata-Chennai -Mumbai and Delhi by six lanesuper highways.
3. What is meant by trade? write one difference between International 3. The two major objectives of these Super Highways projects are to
Trade and Local Trade. (i) reduce the time and (ii) distance between the mega cities of India.
Ans: Trade: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is
referred to as a trade. 1-Mark (Only Model for students)
International Trade: Trade between countries is called international trade. 1. Name the eastern most city from the given list.
Local Trade: Local trade is carried out within cities, towns and villages of a Patna, Mathura, Jaisalmer, Imphal
country. Ans: Imphal
4. Write about “Pradhana Mantri GrameenSadak Yojana.” 2. Arrange the following countries from East to West.
Ans: Rural roads connecting villages to the towns received special impetus under A) Japan, Mexico, France, China
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana. Under this scheme, special provisions are Ans: Japan, China, France, Mexico.
made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the B) U.K, China, USA, India
country by all season motorable road. Ans: China, India, UK, USA.
5. Where and Why is rail transport the most convenient means of C) Egypt, China, England, Japan
transportation? Ans: Japan, China, Egypt, England.
Ans: Rail transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the D) China, USA, England, Japan
northern plains, as there are level stretches of land with high population density Ans: Japan, China, England, USA.
and rich agricultural resources. 3. Name the western most city from the following.
6. Observe the given map of India (TB Pg. No. 158) and answer the (Imphal, Ranchi, Bhopal, Gandhinagar)
following questions? Ans: Gandhinagar.
a) Where is the Indira Gandhi International 4. Arrange the states from North to South
Airport located? (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal, Haryana)
Ans: New Delhi Ans: Haryana, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala
b) Where is the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Note:-(Practice with the help of Atlas)
International Airport located?
Ans: Kolkata Map pointing chapters -Text book page No’s (Geography)
a) Name any two Major ports which located 1. 1. Resources and Development -162.
on the west coast of India? 6. Manufacturing Industries -122, 126, 134
Ans: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao 7. Life lines of National Economy -146, 152, 158
b) Name any two Major ports which located
on the east coast of India?
Ans: Haldia, Paradwip, Visakhapatnam

5
 HISTORY 1 Mark Questions
1. The Rise ofNationalism in Europe 1. Civil code of 1804 is also known as _____? Ans: Napoleon code.
4 Marks Questions 2. Choose the odd one out.(Mazzini, Cavour, Bismark, Garibaldi) Ans: Bismarck.
Observe the Map and Answer the following 3. Secret Society founded by Mazzini _______? Ans: Young Italy.
1. Name the Sea located between 4. The state which is not belonged to Italy. (Prussia, Sardinia, Sicily, Piedmont)
Europe and Africa? Ans: Prussia.
Ans: Mediterranean Sea. 5. Congress of Vienna held in a. 1810 b. 1815 c. 1820 d. 1825 ( b )
2. Name the biggest empire in this 6. What is Plebiscite?
map? Ans: Russian Empire. Ans: A direct vote by which all the people of region are asked to accept or reject
3. Vienna belongs to which country? a proposal.
Ans: Austria. 2. Nationalism in India
Europe after the Congress of Vienna, 4. Mention any one Island in Atlantic 8 Marks Questions
1815 Ocean. Ans: England. 1. Read the paragraph and comment
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. As you know, he had come from South Africa
where he had successfully fought the racist regime with a novel method of mass agitation, which he
1. This map shows the unification of called satyagraha.The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for
one country. Name that country? truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical
Ans: Germany. forcewas not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a
satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the
2. Name any one sea that was located conscience of the oppressor. People –including the oppressors–had to be persuaded to see the truth,
to North in this map. instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence. By this struggle, truth was bound
Ans: Baltic Sea, North Sea. to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all
Indians.
3. Name the Empire that was located
Q. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha? (or) Gandhiji idea of
to South in this map.
satyagraha emphasized the power of truth. In the light of this
Ans: Austrian Empire.
statement assess the contribution of Gandhiji towards Satyagraha.
4. Who was the chancellor of Prussia
during the unification? 1. Satyagraha is a “passive resistance”.
Unification of Germany (1866-71) 2. Satyagraha is the weapon of the weak.
Ans: Otto von Bismarck
3. Satyagraha calls for intense activity.
1. This map belongs to a country before its 4. Satyagraha is pure soul-force and it is not physical force.
unification. Name that country?Ans: Italy. 5. Satyagraha is as a weapon against injustice.
2. King Victor Emmanuel-II belonged to 6. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary.
which state?
7. A satyagrahi does not seek opponent destruction.
Ans: Sardinia-Piedmont
8. A satyagrahi does not use nonviolence
3. Name one Island located in this map.
Ans: Sardinia 9. It means the power of truth and need to search for truth.
4. Name the sea located in this map. 10. In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.
Ans: Mediterranean Sea 11. That is why this force is called satyagraha.

6
2. Read the paragraph and comment Ans:
Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was, in a way, an ultimatum. If the demands were not fulfilled by 11March, 1. Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes
the letter stated, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign. Irwin was unwilling to
negotiate. So Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted
Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhiat the second Round Table
volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujaraticoastal Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.
town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came to hear 2. When the British government conceded Ambedkars demand, Gandhiji began
Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped, and he told them what he meant by swaraj and urged them to
peacefully defy the British. On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the
a fast unto death.
law,manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. 3. He believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of
Q. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol their integration into society.
of resistance against colonialism. (or) Why did Mahatma Gandhi find 4. Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhijis position and the result was the
in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation? Explain. Poona Pact of September 1932.It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known
Ans: as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative
(i) Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.
nation. 5. The dalit movement, however, continued to be apprehensive of the Congress
(ii) On 31 January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irvin stating eleven led national movement.
demands. The most stirring of all these demands was the demand to abolish the 4. Read the paragraph and comment
salt tax. As the national movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and more
(iii) Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one aware of suchicons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a
of the most essential items of food. feeling of nationalism. During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour
(iv) Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight
trusted volunteers on 12th March in 1930. The march was over 240 miles, from provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and
Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. Muslims.By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a
(v) On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre,
manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help. Carrying the flag,holding it aloft,
(vi) Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, during marches became a symbol of defiance.
manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories. Q.Howdidculturalprocesseshelpincreatingasenseofcollectivebelongingn
(vii) As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted, and liquor shops essin India? Explain.
were picketed. Ans:
(viii) Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes, village officials 1. The sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of
resigned, and in many places forest people violated forest laws -going into united struggles. But there were a variety of cultural processes through which
Reserved Forests to collect wood and graze cattle. nationalism captured people’s imagination.
3. Read the paragraph and comment 2. History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played
Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930,clashed
with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for a part in the making of nationalism.
dalits. When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began fast unto death. 3. The identity of the nation is most often symbolised in a figure or image.
He believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into
society. Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of 4. The image of Bharat Mata was created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
September 1932. It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats 5. Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In
in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate. The
dalit movement, however, continued to be apprehensive of the Congress led national movement.

7
subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms. 5. Indenture labour was abolished in the year ______? Ans: In 1921
6. Vande Mataram as a hymn to the motherland widely sung during the 6. This is not belonged to Caribbean Island Group.
Swadeshi movement in Bengal. (Sicily, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam) Ans: Sicily.
7. Folklores and tales gave true picture of traditional culture that had been 7. Germany : Axis power : : Britain : ______? Ans: Allied Power.
corrupted and damaged by outside forces. Therefore,nationalists began 8. The cattle plague also known as__________? Ans: Rinderpest.
recording folk tales and legends. 9. First world war was started in. a. 1914 b. 1916 c. 1918 d. 1939 Ans: ( a )
8. As the national movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and 4. The Age of IndustrIalisation
more aware of icons and symbolism in unifying people and inspiring in them a 4 Marks Questions
feeling of nationalism. During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour 1. How did the East India company procure regular supplies of Cotton
flag was designed. and Silk textiles from Indian Weavers?
Ans: (i)Established political power to assert monopoly right to trade.
9. History was also important means of creating a feeling of nationalism that
gave pride in the nation. (ii)Developed a system of management and control that would eliminate
competition, control cost and ensure a regular supply of cotton and silk goods.
3. The Making of A Global World
(iii)Eliminated the existing traders and brokers connected with cloth and
2 Marks Questions
established direct control with the weaver.
1. Observe the map and answer the following questions.
(iv)Appointed paid servants called Gomasthas to supervise weavers, examine the
1. Name the Ocean on the West side of this
quality of the cloth and collect supplies.
map?
(v)Weavers were not allowed to contact other buyers. Weavers were given
Ans: Atlantic Ocean.
advances and were offered a loan to buy raw material. Those who took advance
2. Name the Island in the Indian Ocean.
or loans could not contact any other trader.
Ans: Madagaskar
(vi)The weavers had to sell at a price dictated by the Company. By giving loans
Map of colonial Africa at the Company bed the weavers with them.
the end of the 19thcentury. 2. Why did some industrialists in 19th century Europe prefer hand
labour over machines?
Ans: Some industrialists in 19th century Europe prefer hand labour over
1. Identify the sea ports on the East coast machines due to the following reasons:
of India? (i) Machines were costly, ineffective, difficult to repair, and needed huge capital
Ans: Masulipatnam, Madras investments.
2. Mention the names of any two seas?
(ii) Labour was available at low wages at that period of time.
Ans: Arabian Sea, Red Sea.
The trade routes that linked India
(iii) In seasonal industries only seasonal labour was required.
to the world at the end of the (iv) Market demands of a variety of designs and colour and specific type could
17thcentury not be fulfilled by machine-made clothes. Intricate designs and colours could be
1 Mark Questions done by human skills only.
1. Expand IMF Ans: International Monetary Fund (v) In the Victorian age, the aristocrats and other upper-class people preferred
2. Expand IBRD Ans: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development articles made by hand only.
3. Expand NIEO Ans: : New International Economic Order 3. Why did Industrial production in India increase during the First
4. Find the odd one. IMF, World Bank, IBRD, MNC) Ans: MNC World War?

8
Ans: Industrial production in India increased during the First World War due to Ans: (i)The Spinning Jenny speeded up the spinning process and reduced labor
the following reasons: demands.
(i)While British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the ii ) Many workers were left without any job and became unemployed.
army Manchester imports into India declined. iii )By the use of this machine a single worker could make a number of spindles
(ii)With the decline of imports suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market and spin several threads.
to supply. iv) That is why the women workers attacked Spinning Jenny.
(iii)As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs 5. Print Culture and The Modern World
also, such as Jute bags, cloth for uniforms of soldiers, tents, leather boots, etc, 8 Marks Questions
and lots of other items. 1. “Print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.” -
(iv)New factories were set up and old ones organized multiple shifts; during the Comment.
war years, Indian industries boomed. Ans: i) Print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India by providing
(v)Overall, the First World War gave a boost to Indian industries. easy access to nationalist ideals and ideas of freedom and equality to the masses.
ii) Social reformers could now print their opinions in newspapers, which sparked
4. Explain what is meant by Proto-Industralisation? off public debates.
Ans: i)Proto-industrialisation is referred to as the phase of industrialization that iii) The power of reason made the common people question the authority of
existed even before factories began in England and Europe. colonial power. Interestingly, when the British tried to censor and control print
(ii) There was a huge large-scale industrial production for an international media,nationalist newspapers grew in number everywhere in the country.
market but not based on factories and completely handcrafted. iv) They reported on colonial misrule and encouraged people to participate in
Importance: nationalist activities. Attempts to censor anti-colonial publications aroused
(i) This proto-industrial system was a part of a network of commercial militant protests as well.
exchanges. 2. “Some people in 18th century in Europe think that print culture
(ii) It was controlled by merchants and the goods were produced by a vast would bring enlightenment and end despotism” -Comment.
number of producers working within their family farms, not in factories. Ans: i) Some people in eighteenth-century Europe thought that print culture
would bring enlightenment and end despotism.
5. Why the East India company appointed Gomasthas to supervise ii)Its easy and cheap availability meant that literacy would no longer be
weavers in India? restricted to the upper classes.
Ans: 1.The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in iii) While the clergy and monarchs feared the enlightenment that a vast reading
India to establish a more direct control over the weavers, free of the existing public would gain, reformers like Martin Luther welcomed the change.
traders and brokers in the cloth trade. iv)They felt that it would mark an end to the blind adherence to the rulers’
2. The gomasthas were the paid servants who supervised the weavers, collected ideology. This can be seen in the French Revolution as well.
supplies and examined the quality of cloth. v) The print medium allowed the ideals of freedom, equality and brotherhood
3. The gomasthas ensured that all management and control of the cloth set forth by Rousseau and Voltaire in their writings to reach the public.
industry came under the British. vi) It created a new culture of dialogue and debate that initiated the working
4. This helped in eliminating competition, controlling costs and ensuring regular class into questioning and re-evaluating social customs and norms.
supplies of cotton and silk products. vii) The power of reason that the public gained initiated social reform, and
brought an end to despotism.
6. “Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny” -Why?

9
3. “Some people fear the effect of easily available printed books: -Comment. 4.He also felt that such books reduce the value of the writings.
Ans: 1. Upper class people feared about the cheap printed books. 4. How can you say that Martin Luther was in favour of print?
2. They feared the spread of literacy among the common people. Ans: 1. In 1517, Martin Luther, the religious reformer, wrote ninety-five theses
3. The literacy would lower their position or authority. that criticized the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church and pasted these on
4. Some people feared that it may lead to the spread of rebellions. the church door in Wittenberg.
5. In Europe, Roman Catholic Church curbed the printed books. 2. Very soon, thousands of copies of Luther’s theses were printed, spreading his
ideas among people.
6. In India, the press had controlled by the Vernacular Press Act.
4. Comment on “the effect of the spread of print culture for poor 3. Martin Luther was deeply moved to realize the power of printing, which
people in 19th century India.” brought about the reformation movement and the eventual birth of
Ans: (i) They benefited from the spread of print culture in India on account of Protestantism.
the availability of low-price books and public libraries. 5. Why did Gandhi said that the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of
(ii) Enlightening essays were written against caste discrimination and its speech, liberty of the press and freedom of association?
inherent injustices. Ans: 1. Mahatma Gandhi said these words in 1922 during the Non-cooperation
(iii) These were read by people across the country. Movement (1920-22).
(iv) On the encouragement and support of social reformers, over-worked factory 2. According to him, without the liberty of speech, the liberty of the press and
workers set up libraries for self-education, and some of them even published freedom of association, no nation can even survive.
their own works, for example, Kashibaba and his “Chhote Aur Bade Sawal.” 3. If the country was to get free from foreign domination, then these liberties
2 Marks Questions were quite important.
1. What do you know about the Vernacular press Act? 6. What did the spread of print culture of 19th century in India mean to
Ans: i) Modelled on the Irish Press Laws, it was passed in 1878. women?
ii) This law gave the government tyrannical rights to censor reports and Ans: i) The spread of print culture in nineteenth-century India brought about
editorials in the vernacular press. educational reforms for women.
iii) If a seditious report was published and the newspaper did not heed to an ii) Liberal husbands and fathers educated their womenfolk at home or sent them
initial warning, then the press was seized and the printing machinery to schools for women.
confiscated. iii) Women who had been restricted to a domestic life for generations, now found
iv) This was a complete violation of the freedom of expression. a new medium of entertainment.
2. Write about Gutenberg Press. iv)They also began to write articles for journals, in favour of women’s education
Ans: 1. The Gutenberg Press was established by Johann Gutenberg. and literacy.
2.It was the first-known printing press. v) Some even wrote books; Rashsundari Devi’s autobiography “Amar Jiban”
3. 3.By 1448 he had perfected the system of printing. was the first full-length autobiography, published in 1876.
4.He used olive and wine presses. 1. Power Sharing
5. The first book that he printed was the Bible. 8 Marks Questions
6.He printed 180 copies in 3 years. 1. What are the different forms of power sharing in modern
3. What was the Erasmus’s idea on the printed book? democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Ans: 1. Erasmus was the Latin scholar and a Catholic reformer. Ans: Forms of power-sharing: Power sharing forms are 4 types.
2.He criticized the printing of books. 1. Horizontal Division of Power:
3.He thought that most of the books are stupid and irreligious. a) Power is shared among legislature, executive and judiciary.

10
b) It is called as horizontal distribution of power. its dominance over others and refuses to share power. It can undermine the unity
c) For example: India. of the country.
2. Vertical Division of Power: 4. Write about the power sharing accommodation in Belgium?
a) Power shared between central, state and local government bodies. Ans: 1) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central
b) A government for the country is called federal government. government.
3. Community government: 2) Many Powers of the central government have been given to state government.
a) Power may also be shared among different religious and linguistic groups. . The state government are not subordinate to the central government.
b) Ex: ‘Community government’ in Belgium. 3) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have
4. Power-sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements: equal representation.
a) Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, 4) There is a third kind of government called community government elected by
pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. the people belonging to Dutch, French and German no matter where they live.
b) Ex: NDA and UPA governments.Coalition governments. 2. Fedaralism
2. State one Prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing 2 Marks Questions
with an example from the Indian context? 1. How is the Federal government organised?
Ans: Power Sharing: Power sharing is the practice of distributing power among Ans: 1. A federal system of government is a system where the power is divided
different organs of government and social groups in democracy. between a central authority and smaller units, such as states or provinces.
Power sharing is desirable in democracy due to following reasons: 2. In a federal system, both the central government and the state governments
(I) Prudential Reasons: have their own roles and responsibilities.
(a) It is helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. 2. Why do we need local government?
(b) Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order. Ans: 1. A Local Government is very important.
(c) Imposing the will of the majority community, over others may look like an 2. The aim of the local bodies is to solve the local problems by cooperation and
attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of without depending upon other.
the nation. 3. The various functions of the local government include: To build basic
(II) Moral reasons: infrastructure like transport, roads, power lines, schools, hospitals, etc.
3. Prepare two slogans for the effective practice of Federalism?
(a) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
Ans:1) Empowering our nation through a strong federal structure
(b) A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise 2) Progressive federalism –paving the way for a brighter future.
and who have to live with its effect. 3) Safeguarding our democracy with a balanced federal system.
(c) People have the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. 4. Give an example for central list and state list.
(d) A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation, Ans:
acquires a stake in the system. Central list/Union list: Subjects of national importance like defence, foreign
3. What do we learn from two stories of Belgium and Srilanka? affairs, atomic energy, banking, post and telegraph are included in the Union
Ans: 1. In Belgium the leaders realized that the unity of the country is possible List.
only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities a regions. State list: Subjects like police, local governments, trade and commerce,
Such a realization resulted in mutually acceptable arrangements for sharing agriculture within the state are included in the State List.
power.
2. Contrary to it,Sri Lanka shows that if a majority community wants to force

11
 1 Mark Questions 1)Caste continues to be closely linked to politics.
1. What is Federalism? 2) Parties choose candidates on the caste composition.
Ans:Federalism is a system of government under which power is divided between 3) Some political parties are known to favour some castes.
a central authority and its various constituent units. 4) Politics brings the caste system into the political arena.
2. What is Unitary government? 5) Backward and forward caste groups came up in the politics.
Ans:Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or 4. What is secularism? Why is it necessary to have secularism in India?
the sub units are subordinate to the central government. Ans: Secularism: Secularism means no special status is given to any religion.
3. Mention any two features of federalism? 1. Secularism allows the people of various religions live peacefully without any
Ans: 1.There are two or more levels of government 2. Different tiers of fear of the majority.
government govern the same citizens. 2. It safeguard democracy by limiting the powers of the majority It ensures
4. What is coalition government? harmony in the nation.
Ans: A coalition government is formed when two or more parties come together 3. In absence of secularism, religious persecutions may take place which may
to form the government. result in dissent, conflicts or even a civil war.
5. Identify the odd one that is not related to federalism? (a) 4. The principle of secularism protects the rights of the minorities
a. China b. India c. USA d. Switzerland 2 Marks Questions
6. Which of the following subjects is included in the Union list? (a) 1. a. Define urbanisation.b. What do know about apartheid?
a. Communication b. Trade c. Commerce d. Irrigation Ans: Urbanisation: Shift of population from rural areas to urban areas.
3. Gender, Religion and Caste Apartheid: Apartheid is a system in which people are separated on the basis of
4 Marks Questions their race or skin color.
1. “Caste has still not disappeared from contemporary India”. Give any 2. What is meant by communalism?
three examples to Justify the statement. Ans: Communalism: It is a situation when a particular community tries to
Ans: 1) Caste inequalities are present still continuing in India. promote its own interests at the cost of other communities.
2) The dominance of the upper castes still continues in the villages of India. 3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India?
3) Eating with members of certain castes and attending weddings are still taboo Ans: 1) The dominance of the upper castes still continues in the villages of
in some villages. India.
4) Still some castes are lagging behind in modern education. 2) Eating with members of certain castes and attending weddings are still taboo
5) Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe. in some villages.
6) Untouchability has not ended completely. 4. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state?
2. Explain the various forms that communalism can take in politics? Ans: 1) All religions are equal, and no religion is given preference.
Ans: 1) The superiority of a religion : Ex : Militant religious groups. 2) No religion has a special status.
2) The political dominance : Ex: Separatist leaders in Jammu and Kashmir. 4. Political Parties
3) Political mobilizations on religions : Ex : Many parties are following to attract 8 Marks Questions
the voters. 1. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
4) Communal violence, riots and massacres: Ex: The riots in Gujarat in 2002. Ans: A political party is a group of people who come together to contest
3. How does caste affect politics in India? elections and hold power in the government.
Ans: Functions of Political parties:
1) Parties contest elections.

12
2) Parties put forward different policies and programmes and voters choose c. In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections.
from them. (4) No meaningful choice for the people:
3) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. a. The people are left with no choice.
4) Parties form and run governments. b. Almost all the parties have more or less the same policies and programmes.
5) Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition. 4. Why did India adopt a multi-party system?
Ans: 1) Without political parties democracies cannot exist.
6) Parties shape public opinion.
2) If we do not have political parties in such a situation every candidate in
7) They provide welfare schemes to the people. elections will be independent.
2. Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform 3) No one will be able to make any promises to the people about any major
their functions well? policy changes.
Ans: (1) Anti-Defection Law prevents elected MLAs and MPs from changing 4) The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain.
parties. At the same time, this law has made any dissent even more difficult. 5) Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituencies for what
(2) It is mandatory for every candidate to give details of his property and they do in their localities.
criminal cases pending against him. 6) But no one will be responsible for a law the country will run.
(3) Political parties should maintain a register of its members and have periodic 7) The role of an opposition party in a democracy necessitates the existence of
elections for its office bearers. political parties.
(4) Political parties should have one-third seats reserved for women. 8) As societies become large and complex they also need some agencies to gather
(5) The government should give parties money to support their election different views on various issues and to present these to the government that is
expenses. why political parties are needed.
(6) People should put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity 1 Mark Questions
and agitations. 1. What is manifesto?
3. What are the various challenges faced by political parties? Ans: A public declaration of policy and aims, especially one issued before an
Ans: The various challenges faced by political parties are: election by a political party or candidate.
(1) Lack of internal democracy: 2. What is political party?
a. Concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. Ans: A political party is a group of people who come together to contest
b. Parties don’t keep membership registers, don’t hold internal elections elections and hold power in the government.
regularly. 3. When was the congress party founded? Ans: 1885
c. They don’t have the means or the connections needed to influence the 4. India : Multi-party system, USA : _________ Ans: Two-party system
decision. 5. Expand N.D.A. Ans: National Democratic Alliance.
(2) Challenges of Dynastic Succession: 6. Expand U.P.A. Ans: United Progressive Alliance.
a. The top positions are always controlled by members of one family. 7. How many seats did B.J.P win in 2019 Lok Sabha elections? Ans: 303
b. This is unfair to other members of respective party. 8. Samajwadi party : Bicycle :: AIADMK : ___________ Ans: Two Leaves
c. People who don’t have adequate experience or popular support come to or 9. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was founded by _______ Ans: Kanshi Ram
occupy position of power. This is not good for democracy. 10. Name two regional political parties of our state. Ans: TDP, YSRCP
(3) Money and Muscle power: 11. Explain defection?
a. They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money. Ans: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to
b. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to have an a legislative body) to a different party.
influence on the policies and decisions.
13
 6. Out comes of Democracy 3. Explain the “Right to Information”?
4 Marks Questions Ans: 1. Right to information act, passed in 2005.
1. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and 2. This act aimed to ensure transparency and accountability in the governance
legitimate government? of the country.
Ans: 1) Accountable Government: 3. It allows citizens to participate in government, and this also increases
(i) Democracy produce an accountable government as the people have the right communication between the government and the citizens of India.
to choose their representatives through the electoral process. 4. By this act, Citizens got the right to know the functioning of the government,
(ii) These elected representatives form the government and participate in the which is very important in Democracy.
decision-making process on behalf of the people. This is known as 1. Development
transparency. 4 Marks Questions
(iii) If these elected representatives do not work in a proper way, people have a 1. Mention any four characteristics of development.
chance of not to elect them in the next elections. Ans: Characteristics of development:
2) Responsive Government: (i) Different people have different developmental goals.
(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It
(i) Democracy produce a responsive government.
may be destructive for the other.
(ii) As democratic governments are elected by the people it is people’s own (iii) Income is the most important component of development, but along with
government income, people also seek equal treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.
(iii) It promotes the formation of the public opinion and take care of the needs (iv) For development, people look at mixed goals.
and expectation of the people. 2. What do you mean by per capita income of a country? How can it be used to
3) Legitimate Government: compare two countries.
(i) Democratic government is a legitimate government because regular election Ans: Per capita income: Per capita income is a measure of the average income
after a fixed time is its key feature. earned per person in a country:
(ii) It may be slow, less efficient but it is the people’s own legitimate Calculation: Per capita income is calculated by dividing a country's total income
Government. by its total population
2. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate Per capita income is used to:
social diversities? 1. Compare the development levels of countries.
Ans: 1) Almost every country in the world has social diversities in respect to the 2. Measure a country's standard of living,
caste, race, religion, language etc. 3. Compare the wealth of different populations.
2) Democracy is considered to be the most suitable form of the government to 3. Why income is not an adequate indicator of material goods and
accommodate these diversities. services that citizens are able to use?
3) It aims at giving equal rights and opportunities to all the citizens irrespective Ans: 1. Income is not an adequate indicator of material goods and services that
of caste, religion, language, colour, sex, race etc. citizens are able to use because income alone cannot guarantee access to all the
4) Democracy is not simply ruled by majority opinion. necessary goods and services for a good quality of life.
5) The majority always needs to work for minorities. 2. For example, income cannot buy:a pollution-free environment, unadulterated
medicines, and protection from infectious diseases.
6) Democracy does not believe in any kind of discrimination among citizens.
4. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
7) Thus, it accommodates all the social diversities.
Ans:

14
(1) Sustainable development refers to using of natural resources in a manner by 1. Mark questions
the needs of the present and future generations. 1. A good way to measure the quality of life in countries across the world is by
(2) The issue of sustainability is important for development because if the comparing their ___
natural resources are not used carefully, they may not be available for future Ans: Human Development Index (HDI)
generations. 2. Match the following :
(3) The depleting resources of a country may ultimately result in a lack of List A List B
development of the country. A. Percapita income [ ] 1. Total Income
4. A) Observe the table and answer the following questions. B. National Income [ ] 2. Human Development Index
PER CAPITA INCOME OF SELECT STATES C. Body Mass Index [ ] 3. Average Income
STATE Per Capita Income for 2018–19 (in Rs) D. Decent standard of living [ ] 4. Proper nutrition
Haryana 2,36,147 Ans: A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
Kerala 2,04,105 3. Economic development by maintaining the natural resources for present and
1. Which state has highest per capita income? Ans: Haryana future use is known as ____.
2. Which state has lowest per capita income? Ans: Sustainable development.
Ans: Bihar 4. Expand UNDP.
3. What is per capita income? Ans: United Nations Development Programme.
Ans: The average income of an individual in a country. 5. Which criterion is used in world development report in classifying countries?
4. According to the given per capita income which state is developed? Ans: Per capita income
Ans: Haryana 6. What is the full form of BMI?
B) Analyse the given Table Ans: Body Mass Index
1. Haryana has the highest per capita income, and Bihar is at the bottom. 7. State any two goals of development other than income.
2. On an average, a person in Haryana earned Rs 2,36,147 in one year. Ans: Respect, Freedom, Equal treatment, Security.
3. On an average, a person in Bihar earned Rs 40,982 in one year. 8. What is Literacy rate?
Ans: It measures the proportion of literate population in the seven and above
4. According to per capita income Haryana is the most developed state.
age group.
5. Bihar is the least developed state of the three.
9. What is the full form of IMR?
5. Table 1.6 Some Data regarding India and its neighbours for the year 2019.
Ans: Infant Mortality Rate
1. What is the Rank of India?
10. Define the term Net Attendance Ratio.
Ans: 130
Ans: It is the total number of children of the age group 6-10, attending school
2. Which country has highest expectancy at
as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
birth? Ans: Sri Lanka
11. How do calculate percapita income?
3. Who releases HDR?
Ans: When the total national income is divided by the total population, it is
Ans: UNDP (United Nations Development
called the per capita income.
Programme)
Per Capita Income =National Income /Population
4. What is the percapita income of India?
12.What is the Rank of India is HDR-2020?
Ans: 6,681 Dolars
Ans: 130

15
 2. Sectors of the Indian Economy Years Primary Secondary Tertiary
8 Marks Questions 2000 52000 48500 133500
1. Answer the following question (B) Analyse the given graph 2013 800500 1074000 3668000
by looking the bar graph. 1. The graph explains about GDP 2. Convert the above table into bar graph.
by primary, secondary and tertiary Ans: Student work.
sectors. 3. Money and Credit
2. It compares the financial years 8 Marks Questions
1973-74 and 2013-14. 1. Observe the graph and answer the following questions.
3. Agriculture was the largest Answer the following questions
producing sector in 1973-74. 1. What does the given pie chart tell us?
Ans: The graph explains about Sources of
A) 1. Which was the largest 4. Services is the largest producing
Credit per Rs 1000 of Rural Households in
producing sector in 1973-74? sector in 2013-14. India in 2012.
Ans: Agriculture. 5. The tertiary sector has grown 2. Give two examples for formal credit in India?
2. Which is the largest producing the most over forty years. Ans: Commercial Banks, Co-operative Banks.
sector in 2013-14? 6. The GDP of India in 2013-14 3. What is the percentage of Government Credit?
Ans: Tertiary Sector. was more than Rs. 55,00,000/- Ans: 1%
7. Production in all the three 4. Who monitors credit policy in India?
3. Can you say which sector has
Ans: Reserve Bank of India.
grown the most over forty years? sectors has increased.
2. Analyse the given graph.
Ans: Tertiary Sector. 8. The production in the tertiary
4. What was the GDP of India in sector has highly increased. Of all the loans taken by urban house holds, what percentage was formal and
2013-14? 9. The tertiary sector has emerged what percentage was informal?
Ans: The GDP of India in 2013-14 as the largest producing sector.
was more than Rs. 55,00,000/-
2. Answer the following questions.

1. The graph explains about loans from the informal and formal sectors.
2. Poor households get 85% informal sector credits.
1. What is the percentage of people in the unorganised sector in agriculture? 3. Poor households get 15% only formal sector credits.
A. 99.5%. 4. Households with few assets get to 53% informal sector credits.
2. Do you agree that agriculture is an unorganised sector activity? Why? 5. Households with few assets get 47% formal sector credits.
Ans: Yes, agriculture is an unorganised sector activity. 6. Well-off households get 28% informal sector credits.
(i) In agriculture, 64% of people are in the unorganised sector. 7. Well-off households get 72% formal sector credits.
(ii) They are not under the control of the government. 8. Rich households get only 10% informal sector credits.
3. If we look at the country, we find that 83%of the workers in India are in the 9. Rich households get 90% of the formal sector credits.
unorganised sector. 10. Rich people get formal sector credits more.
4. Organised sector employment is available to only about 17% of the workers 11. Poor people get informal sector credits more.
in India. 12. Informal sector credits disturb the development of the poor

16
3. What are the differences between formal and informal Sources of credit? 6. What is Liberalisation?
FORMAL SOURCE OF CREDIT INFORMAL SOURCE OF CREDIT Ans: Liberalization of foreign trade is the process of removing or reducing
1) Given by bank and 1) Given by local money lenders,traders, restrictions on the exchange of goods and services between countries.This can
cooperatives land-lord etc. include tariffs, quotas, licensing rules, and other barriers.
2) Relatively lower interest rate 2) Higher interest rate. 7. What is tariff ? Why it is imposed on goods?
3) Collateral is required 3) Collateral may not be required if Ans: A tariff is a tax imposed on goods or services when they are moved across a
4) Force not used for money lender knows the borrower. political boundary, usually on imported goods.
recovery. 4) Force used for money recovery. i.To protect infant industries of the home country.
5) Supervised by RBI 5) Not supervised by any institution ii.To prevent the dumping of foreign countries.
4.Globalisation and The Indian Economy iii A source of revenue.
2 Marks Questions 8. What do you understand by liberalisation of Foreign trade?
1. Which places are suitable for establishment of MNC’s? Ans: Liberalization of foreign trade is the process of removing or reducing
Ans: 1. Where it is close to the market. restrictions on the exchange of goods and services between countries.This can
2. Where the skilled and unskilled labour at low costs is available. include tariffs, quotas, licensing rules, and other barriers.
3. Where the favourable government policies looking after their interest are 9. What are the functions of WTO?
present. Ans: 1. To oversee implementing and administering WTO agreements.
2. What are the various ways in which countries can be linked? 2. To provide a forum for negotiations.
Ans:(i) By foreign trade between countries. 3. To provide adispute settlement mechanism.
(ii) By increasing the number of multinational companies. 4. Monitoring national trade policy
(iii) Movement of latest and advanced technology. 10. What is SEZ?
(iv) Movement of people between countries Ans: A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) isa designated area within a country where
(v) Movement of goods and services between countries business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country.
3. What is the role of MNC’s in the globalisation process? 11. Give some examples of Indian MNC’s
Ans: i) By producing Goods and services at globallevel. Ans: TCS, Wipro, Infosys, Tata Motors:Ranbaxy, Asian Paints, Sundaram
ii) Goods and services and sold at global level. Fasteners
iii) Investments, technology and people are movingbetween countries. 12. “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement?
iv) It gives opportunity to the local producers toreach beyond the domestic Ans: 1. “Globalisation has not had a uniform impact.”
market. 2. It has benefited only skilled people in cities.
v) MNCs by the foreign trade connects/ integratesthe markets in the world. 3. It has not benefited the unskilled people in rural areas.
4. What are the difference between Foreign trade and Foreign Investment? 4. Globalisation has benefited the industrial and service sectors.
Ans: Foreign trade: Foreign trade involves goods, services, and capital between 1 Mark Questions
two countries. 1. What is the main channel connecting distant countries?
Foreign Investment: Foreign investment is an investment made in a company Ans: Trade & Globalisation
from a source outside the country. 2. Expand MNC’s? Ans: MultiNational Company
5. What is meant by trade barrier? 3. What is an MNC?
Ans: A trade barrier refers to any regulation or policy that restricts Ans: A multinational company is a company that owns or controls production in
international trade,especially tariffs, quotas, licences etc. more than one nation.

17
4. What is globalisation? towards the consumer movement in India, which provides easy and fast
Ans: Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between compensation to consumer grievances.
countries. 2. Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples.
5. What are the factors playing a major role in the globalisation process? Ans: (i) Many consumers pay whatever the seller requests without bothering to
Ans: Technology, Information and communication technology. verify the MRP.
6. Tax on import is an example of ____________ Ans: Trade Barriers (ii) While it is a good attitude to have faith in your local shopkeeper, but one
7. Explain e-Mail? Ans: Electronic mail should always check the MRP. (iii) Some people never look at the expiry date on
8. _________ played a major role in spreading out of production of service a medicine's package.
across countries. Ans: MNC (Multi National Companies) (iii) These instances show that consumer awareness is extremely important.
9. Arrange in correct sequence. (iv) Being aware of your rights as a consumer when purchasing goods or
(1. Manufacture 2. Design 3. Assemble 4. Market) services is known as consumer consciousness.
Ans: 1.Design 2.Manufacture 3. Assemble 4. Market 3. What is the rationale behind the enactment of consumer protection
10. Expand WTO. Ans:World Trade Organisation Act 1986?
11. The past two decades of globalisation has seen rapid movement in _____ ( ) Ans:1. Consumer Protection Act protects the interests of the consumers.
a. goods, services and people between countries. 2. This Act provides safeguards against defective goods and deficient services,
b. goods, services and investements between countries. untrade practices.
c. goods, investements and people between countries. 3. It also gives settlement of consumer disputes.
Ans: (b) goods, services and investments between countries. 4. It is applicable to the public sector, financial, and cooperative enterprises.
12. Globalisation has led to improvement in living conditions. 4. Critically examine the progress of consumer movement in India?
a. of all the people b. of people in the developed countries Ans: i) The consumer movement in India has evolved vastly since it began.
c. of workers in the doveloping countries d. None of the above (ii) There has been a significant change in consumer awareness in the country.
Ans: (d) None of the above. iii) Till the enactment of COPRA in 1986, the consumer movement did not bear
5. Consumer Rights much force but ever since its inception, the movement has been empowered
4 Marks Questions substantially.
1. What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its iv) The setting up of consumer courts and consumer groups have been a
evolution? progressive move. However, in contemporary India, the consumer redressal
Ans: (i)It began as a "social force" to safeguard and promote consumer process is very complicated.
interests against unfair and unethical trading practices. (v)It is an expensive and time-consuming process. Filing of cases, attending
(ii)In the 1960s, extreme food shortages, hoarding, adulteration of food and court proceedings, hiring lawyers and other procedures make it cumbersome for
black marketing led to the consumer movement to organise. the consumers.
(iii)Till the 1970s, consumer organizations were mostly busy publishing articles (vi) There are over 700 consumer groups in India out of which, unfortunately,
and conducting exhibitions. only about 20-25 are well-organizedand functioning smoothly so far.
(iv)Recently, there has been an increase in the number of consumer groups who (vii) Even after more than 25 years of the enacting of the COPRA, a large
are concerned about ration shops abuses and overcrowding of public section of the society of consumers is still unaware of their rights. Rules and
transportation vehicles. regulations applicable to the market place are often not followed.
(v) The Consumer Protection Act, commonly known as COPRA, was
implemented by the Indian government in 1986. This was a major step

18
 2 Marks Questions 6. Right to Consumer Education: Consumers must become conscious of their
1. What are the few factors which caused exploitation of consumers? rights.For this, we should read the books, comics, cartoons, consumer acts also.
Ans: 6. How the consumer protection councils help the consumers?
1. False information. Ans: i) They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer courts.
2. Unfair trade practices. ii) On many occasions, they also represent individual consumers in the
3. Using faulty weights or scales. consumer courts.
4. Selling adulterated or defective goods. iii) These voluntary organisations also receive financial support from the
government for creating awareness among the people.
5. Lack of awareness among the consumers.
7. Why do people buy ISI and Ag-marked goods?
2. What legal measures were taken by the government to empower the Ans: 1. People buy ISI and Agmark goods because these marks indicate that the
consumers in India? products have been tested and certified to meet specific quality standards,
Ans: 1. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was passed. assuring consumers that they are safe to use and of good quality, thus protecting
2. Established consumer forums. them from potentially substandard or adulterated products.
3. The Right to Information Act was introduced. 2. ISI is generally for industrial products while Ag-markis specifically for
4. Strengthened laws on product safety, labeling, and packaging. agricultural goods.
5. The Bureau of Indian Standards was established.
3. What are the consumer forums?
Ans: 1. The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various
organizations, locally known as consumer forums or consumer protection
councils.
2. Under COPRA, a three-tier quasi judicial machinery at the district, state and
national levels was set upfor redressal of consumer disputes.
4. What are the objectives of COPRA?
Ans: 1. Consumer Protection Act protects the interests of the consumers.
2. This Act provides safeguards against defective goods and deficient services,
untrade practices.
3. It also gives settlement of consumer disputes.
4. It is applicable to the public sector, financial, and cooperative enterprises.
5. Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences on each?
Ans: 1. Right to safety: The consumer has the right tobe protected against the
goods that are hazardous to life and property.
2. Right to Choose: The consumer can choose the product to be bought.
3. Right to be Informed: The consumer has the right to know facts about the
product.
4. Right to Seek Redressal: The consumer has got the right to be compensated by
the producer.
5. Right to Representation: The customer can approach the local consumer
court for redressal.

19
20
21