Introduction to

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Variables, Operators, and Data Structures

Agenda
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Looping Statements

Functions

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 Let’s begin the discussion by answering a few questions
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on the fundamentals of Python programming

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following is true regarding variables in Python?

A Values assigned to variables can be modified

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B Variables can store data structures such as arrays and dictionaries

C Variables can only store integer and floats

D Variables can store integer, floats, strings and booleans

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following is true regarding variables in Python?

A Values assigned to variables can be modified

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B Variables can store data structures such as arrays and dictionaries

C Variables can only store integer and floats

D Variables can store integer, floats, strings and booleans

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 Variables

Used to store any type of data

Single values (integer, float, string, boolean, etc.)

Data structures (arrays, lists, dictionaries, etc.)

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Can be created by assigning a value to it with the “=” operator (assignment operator)

num = 100 => creates a variable num and stores the value 100 in it

Can be modified to store a different value

num = 3.14 => variable num gets modified, now stores 3.14 instead of 100
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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following combinations accurately matches mathematical

symbols with their respective operations?

A + for addition, - for subtraction

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B * for exponentiation, / for modulus

C % for multiplication, ** for division

D ** for multiplication, % for subtraction

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following combinations accurately matches mathematical

symbols with their respective operations?

A + for addition, - for subtraction

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B * for exponentiation, / for modulus

C % for multiplication, ** for division

D ** for multiplication, % for subtraction

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 Operators

Symbol Operation Example Output

1+7 8
+, - Addition, Subtraction
9-4 5

3*4 12
*, /, % Multiplication, Division, Modulus 6/2 3.0
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** Exponentiation 2 ** 4 16

==, !=, >, >=, <, <= Comparison 5 <= 4 False

in, not in Membership 5 in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] True

() Grouping (1+2) * (2+3) 3 * 5 = 15

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following data structures in Python are mutable (can be

modified later after being created)?
List, Dictionary, Tuple

A Only List
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B Tuple and Dictionary

C List and Tuple

D List and Dictionary

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following data structures in Python are mutable (can be

modified later after being created)?
List, Dictionary, Tuple

A Only List
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B Tuple and Dictionary

C List and Tuple

D List and Dictionary

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 Data Structures

List Tuple Dictionaries

A collection of items of any data A collection of items of any data

A collection of key-value pairs
type type

Mutable (can be modified)

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Syntax: Syntax: Syntax:

mylist = ["Element 1", mytuple = ("Element 1", mydict = {1: 'Element 1', 2:
"Element 2", "Element 3"] "Element 2", "Element 3") 'Element 2', 3: 'Elements 3'}

Example: Example: Example:

X=["a", 2, True, "b"] X=("a", 2, True, "b") X={1:'Jan', 2:'Feb', 3:'Mar'}

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following will retrieve the two middle elements from the list?
my_list = [1, "two", 3.5, "four", 5, 6.0, "seven", 8.2]

A my_list[3:5]
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B my_list[4:6]

C my_list[-5:-3]

D my_list[-4:-6]
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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following will retrieve the two middle elements from the list?
my_list = [1, "two", 3.5, "four", 5, 6.0, "seven", 8.2]

A my_list[3:5]
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B my_list[4:6]

C my_list[-5:-3]

D my_list[-4:-6]
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 Lists - Slicing

To retrieve a specific subset of elements from a list, one can slice the list by index

The format for list slicing is as follows:

<list_name>[Start Index : End Index : Index-Jump]

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Consider a list my_list = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’]

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which statement accurately describes the behavior of the "elif" construct in

Python?

"elif" is used to define a block of code to be executed if the preceding "if" or "elif"
A
condition(s) evaluate to False.
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B "elif" is mandatory and must be included after every "if" statement.

C "elif" is used only when there are multiple conditions and no "else" block is present.

"elif" is equivalent to "else if" and can be used interchangeably with the "else"
D
statement.
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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which statement accurately describes the behavior of the "elif" construct in

Python?

"elif" is used to define a block of code to be executed if the preceding "if" or "elif"
A
condition(s) evaluate to False.
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B "elif" is mandatory and must be included after every "if" statement.

C "elif" is used only when there are multiple conditions and no "else" block is present.

"elif" is equivalent to "else if" and can be used interchangeably with the "else"
D
statement.
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 Conditional Statements

Used to make decisions based on specified rules

A single decision can be made using if-else construct

if (test expression):
<Body of if> this is executed if the expression is True
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<Body of else> this is executed if the expression is False

More than one decision can be made using the if-elif-else construct

if (test expression 1):

<Body of if> run this if test expression 1 is True
elif (test expression 2):
<Body of elif> run this if test expression 2 is True
else:
<Body of else> run this if none of the above expressions are True
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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following statements is true regarding loops in Python?

A The "for" loop requires a condition to be evaluated before execution

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B The "for" loop iterates through a sequence, executing on each element

C The "while" loop requires a condition to be evaluated before execution

D The "while" loop iterates through a sequence, executing on each element

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following statements is true regarding loops in Python?

A The "for" loop requires a condition to be evaluated before execution

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B The "for" loop iterates through a sequence, executing on each element

C The "while" loop requires a condition to be evaluated before execution

D The "while" loop iterates through a sequence, executing on each element

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 Looping Statements

Used to repeat a single statement or a set of statements

Looping Syntax Example Output

statement

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statements(s) print(i) (excluded)

while while condition: i = 1 Prints all integers from 1 till 5

statement(s) while i < 5: (excluded)
print(i)
i += 1

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

What is the purpose of functions in Python?

A To execute a specific task only once in a program

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B To combine multiple variables into a single variable

C To break code into modular chunks for reusability and organization

D To declare built-in variables that are predefined in Python

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

What is the purpose of functions in Python?

A To execute a specific task only once in a program

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B To combine multiple variables into a single variable

C To break code into modular chunks for reusability and organization

D To declare built-in variables that are predefined in Python

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 Functions

Block of instructions that performs a specific task

Break code into modular chunks which can be reused later

Makes the code more organized and manageable

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There are two types of functions in Python

Built-in Functions: Pre-defined in Python (print(), len(), sum(), etc)

User-defined Functions: Defined by users to perform a specific task

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following statements about the return statement in Python

is/are true?

A A function can have multiple return statements.

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B A function can return multiple values in a single return statement

C It returns a value or an expression computed by the function.

D A function must always include a return statement.

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 Python Fundamentals Quiz

Which of the following statements about the return statement in Python

is/are true?

A A function can have multiple return statements.

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B A function can return multiple values in a single return statement

C It returns a value or an expression computed by the function.

D A function must always include a return statement.

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 User-defined Functions

Syntax for a user defined function:

def function_name(parameters):
statement(s)
return statement

The return statement

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returned by the function

Example: Create a function called squared_sum to add the square of two numbers

def squared_sum(num1, num2):

sq_sum = (num1*num1) + (num2*num2)
return sq_sum

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 Happy Learning !
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